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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Containing Composites for Biomedical Applications: Formulations, Properties, and Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2024; 8:218. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs8060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a wide range of hybrid formulations and composites containing calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) that are suitable for use in biomedical applications and currently on the market. The bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties of various CaPO4-based formulations make them valuable in the rapidly developing field of biomedical research, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the brittleness of CaPO4, it is essential to combine the desired osteologic properties of ceramic CaPO4 with those of other compounds to create novel, multifunctional bone graft biomaterials. Consequently, this analysis offers a thorough overview of the hybrid formulations and CaPO4-based composites that are currently known. To do this, a comprehensive search of the literature on the subject was carried out in all significant databases to extract pertinent papers. There have been many formulations found with different material compositions, production methods, structural and bioactive features, and in vitro and in vivo properties. When these formulations contain additional biofunctional ingredients, such as drugs, proteins, enzymes, or antibacterial agents, they offer improved biomedical applications. Moreover, a lot of these formulations allow cell loading and promote the development of smart formulations based on CaPO4. This evaluation also discusses basic problems and scientific difficulties that call for more investigation and advancements. It also indicates perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Funayama N, Yagyuu T, Imada M, Ueyama Y, Nakagawa Y, Kirita T. Impact of beta-tricalcium phosphate on preventing tooth extraction-triggered bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16032. [PMID: 37749392 PMCID: PMC10520003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs can cause medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw that is refractory. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) may be caused by procedures such as tooth extraction damage the alveolar bone, release bisphosphonates (BPs) and impede healing. This study investigated strategies for BRONJ prevention and molecular mechanisms of its onset. We assessed the effectiveness of filling extraction sockets with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Rats were administered zoledronic acid (ZA) 1.2 mg/kg once per week for 2 weeks, and a molar was extracted. They were randomly assigned to the β-TCP group (bone defects filled with 0.01 g of β-TCP) or control group. Tissue content measurements indicated 2.2 ng of ZA per socket in the β-TCP group and 4.9 ng in the control group, confirming BP distribution and BP adsorption by β-TCP in vivo. At 4 weeks after extraction, the β-TCP group had normal mucosal coverage without inflammation. Moreover, at 8 weeks after extraction, enhanced bone healing, socket coverage, and new bone formation were observed in the β-TCP group. Connective tissue in the extraction sockets suggested that local increases in BP concentrations may suppress the local autophagy mechanisms involved in BRONJ. Filling extraction sockets with β-TCP may prevent BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Funayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-shi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yagyuu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-shi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiko Imada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-shi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ueyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-shi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-shi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-shi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
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García A, Cabañas MV, Peña J, Sánchez-Salcedo S. Design of 3D Scaffolds for Hard Tissue Engineering: From Apatites to Silicon Mesoporous Materials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111981. [PMID: 34834396 PMCID: PMC8624321 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced bioceramics for bone regeneration constitutes one of the pivotal interests in the multidisciplinary and far-sighted scientific trajectory of Prof. Vallet Regí. The different pathologies that affect osseous tissue substitution are considered to be one of the most important challenges from the health, social and economic point of view. 3D scaffolds based on bioceramics that mimic the composition, environment, microstructure and pore architecture of hard tissues is a consolidated response to such concerns. This review describes not only the different types of materials utilized: from apatite-type to silicon mesoporous materials, but also the fabrication techniques employed to design and adequate microstructure, a hierarchical porosity (from nano to macro scale), a cell-friendly surface; the inclusion of different type of biomolecules, drugs or cells within these scaffolds and the influence on their successful performance is thoughtfully reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (M.V.C.); (J.P.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Cabañas
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (M.V.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Juan Peña
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (M.V.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Sandra Sánchez-Salcedo
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, UCM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (M.V.C.); (J.P.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Deng Z, Jin J, Wang S, Qi F, Chen X, Liu C, Li Y, Ma Y, Lyu F, Zheng Q. Narrative review of the choices of stem cell sources and hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 8:1598. [PMID: 33437797 PMCID: PMC7791208 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is a promising treatment for cartilage defects due to the pluripotency, abundant sources and low immunogenicity of stem cells. Hydrogels are a promising class of biomaterials for cartilage engineering and are characterized by bioactivity, degradability and elasticity as well as provide water content and mechanical support. The combination of stem cells and hydrogels opens new possibilities for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the selection of suitable types of stem cells and hydrogels is difficult. Currently, various types of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMSCs), and various types of hydrogels, including natural polymers, chemically modified natural polymers and synthetic polymers, have been explored based on their potential for cartilage tissue engineering. These materials are used independently or in combination; however, there is no clear understanding of their merits and disadvantages with regard to their suitability for cartilage repair. In this article, we aim to review recent progress in the use of stem cell-hydrogel hybrid constructs for cartilage tissue engineering. We focus on the effects of stem cell types and hydrogel types on efficient chondrogenesis from cellular, preclinical and clinical perspectives. We compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these cells and hydrogels with the hope of increasing discussion of their suitability for cartilage repair and present our perspective on their use for the improvement of physical and biological properties for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhantao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuepan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanchen Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengjuan Lyu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,South China University of Technology-the University of Western Australia Joint Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Dorozhkin SV. Functionalized calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4) and their biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7471-7489. [PMID: 31738354 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01976f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to the chemical similarity to natural calcified tissues (bones and teeth) of mammals, calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) appear to be good biomaterials for creation of artificial bone grafts. However, CaPO4 alone have some restrictions, which limit their biomedical applications. Various ways have been developed to improve the properties of CaPO4 and their functionalization is one of them. Namely, since surfaces always form the interfaces between implanted grafts and surrounding tissues, the state of CaPO4 surfaces plays a crucial role in the survival of bone grafts. Although the biomedically relevant CaPO4 possess the required biocompatible properties, some of their properties could be better. For example, functionalization of CaPO4 to enhance cell attachment and cell material interactions has been developed. In addition, to prepare stable formulations from nanodimensional CaPO4 particles and prevent them from agglomerating, the surfaces of CaPO4 particles are often functionalized by sorption of special chemicals. Furthermore, there are functionalizations in which CaPO4 are exposed to various types of physical treatments. This review summarizes the available knowledge on CaPO4 functionalizations and their biomedical applications.
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Witzler M, Ottensmeyer PF, Gericke M, Heinze T, Tobiasch E, Schulze M. Non-Cytotoxic Agarose/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Drug Release. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3565. [PMID: 31330875 PMCID: PMC6678963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of large bone defects requires implants or scaffolds that provide structural guidance for cell growth, differentiation, and vascularization. In the present work, an agarose-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold was developed that acts not only as a 3D matrix, but also as a release system. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was incorporated into the agarose gels in situ in various ratios by a simple procedure consisting of precipitation, cooling, washing, and drying. The resulting gels were characterized regarding composition, porosity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. A pure phase of carbonated HA was identified in the scaffolds, which had pore sizes of up to several hundred micrometers. Mechanical testing revealed elastic moduli of up to 2.8 MPa for lyophilized composites. MTT testing on Lw35human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteosarcoma MG-63 cells proved the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Furthermore, scaffolds were loaded with model drug compounds for guided hMSC differentiation. Different release kinetic models were evaluated for adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and suramin, and data showed a sustained release behavior over four days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Witzler
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Frank Ottensmeyer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
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Stereolithographic and molding fabrications of hydroxyapatite-polymer gels applicable to bone regeneration materials. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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In vitro characterization of 3D printed scaffolds aimed at bone tissue regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 165:207-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Yang J, Zhang YS, Yue K, Khademhosseini A. Cell-laden hydrogels for osteochondral and cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2017; 57:1-25. [PMID: 28088667 PMCID: PMC5545789 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in the field of regenerative medicine, it still remains challenging to repair the osteochondral interface and full-thickness articular cartilage defects. This inefficiency largely originates from the lack of appropriate tissue-engineered artificial matrices that can replace the damaged regions and promote tissue regeneration. Hydrogels are emerging as a promising class of biomaterials for both soft and hard tissue regeneration. Many critical properties of hydrogels, such as mechanical stiffness, elasticity, water content, bioactivity, and degradation, can be rationally designed and conveniently tuned by proper selection of the material and chemistry. Particularly, advances in the development of cell-laden hydrogels have opened up new possibilities for cell therapy. In this article, we describe the problems encountered in this field and review recent progress in designing cell-hydrogel hybrid constructs for promoting the reestablishment of osteochondral/cartilage tissues. Our focus centers on the effects of hydrogel type, cell type, and growth factor delivery on achieving efficient chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. We give our perspective on developing next-generation matrices with improved physical and biological properties for osteochondral/cartilage tissue engineering. We also highlight recent advances in biomanufacturing technologies (e.g. molding, bioprinting, and assembly) for fabrication of hydrogel-based osteochondral and cartilage constructs with complex compositions and microarchitectures to mimic their native counterparts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite tremendous advances in the field of regenerative medicine, it still remains challenging to repair the osteochondral interface and full-thickness articular cartilage defects. This inefficiency largely originates from the lack of appropriate tissue-engineered biomaterials that replace the damaged regions and promote tissue regeneration. Cell-laden hydrogel systems have emerged as a promising tissue-engineering platform to address this issue. In this article, we describe the fundamental problems encountered in this field and review recent progress in designing cell-hydrogel constructs for promoting the reestablishment of osteochondral/cartilage tissues. Our focus centers on the effects of hydrogel composition, cell type, and growth factor delivery on achieving efficient chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. We give our perspective on developing next-generation hydrogel/inorganic particle/stem cell hybrid composites with improved physical and biological properties for osteochondral/cartilage tissue engineering. We also highlight recent advances in biomanufacturing and bioengineering technologies (e.g. 3D bioprinting) for fabrication of hydrogel-based osteochondral and cartilage constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Yang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kan Yue
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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Seidenstuecker M, Ruehe J, Suedkamp NP, Serr A, Wittmer A, Bohner M, Bernstein A, Mayr HO. Composite material consisting of microporous β-TCP ceramic and alginate for delayed release of antibiotics. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:433-446. [PMID: 28104468 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to produce a novel composite of microporous β-TCP filled with alginate and Vancomycin (VAN) to prolong the release behavior of the antibiotic for up to 28days. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the flow chamber developed by the group, porous ceramics in a directional flow were filled with alginates of different composition containing 50mg/mL of antibiotics. After cross-linking the alginate with calcium ions, incubation took place in 10mL double-distilled water for 4weeks at 37°C. At defined times (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20 and 28days), the liquid was completely exchanged and analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis and microtiter trials. For statistical purposes, the mean and standard deviation were calculated and analyzed by ANOVA. RESULTS The release of VAN from alginate was carried out via an external calcium source over the entire period with concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The burst release measured 35.2±1.5%. The release of VAN from alginate with an internal calcium source could only be observed over 14days. The burst release here was 61.9±4.3%. The native alginate's burst release was 54.1±7.8%; that of the sterile alginate 40.5±6.4%. The microtiter experiments revealed efficacy over the entire study period for VAN. The MIC value was determined in the release experiments as well in a range of 0.5-2.0μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Drug release systems based on β-TCP and hydrogels are well documented in literature. However, in all described systems the ceramic, as granule or powder, is inserted into a hydrogel. In our work, we do the opposite, a hydrogel which acts as reservoir for antibiotics is placed into a porous biodegradable ceramic. Eventually, this system should be applied as treatment of bone infections. Contrary to the "granule in hydrogel" composites it has the advantage of mechanical stability. Thus, it can take over functions of the bone during the healing process. For a quicker translation from our scientific research into clinical use, only FDA approved materials were used in this work.
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Ratheesh G, Venugopal JR, Chinappan A, Ezhilarasu H, Sadiq A, Ramakrishna S. 3D Fabrication of Polymeric Scaffolds for Regenerative Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1175-1194. [PMID: 33440508 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in bioprinting technology have been used to precisely dispense cell-laden biomaterials for the construction of complex 3D functional living tissues or artificial organs. Organ printing and biofabrication provides great potential for the freeform fabrication of 3D living organs using cellular spheroids, biocomposite nanofibers, or bioinks as building blocks for regenerative therapy. Vascularization is often identified as a main technological barrier for building 3D organs in tissue engineering. 3D printing of living tissues starts with potential support of biomaterials to maintain structural integrity and degradation of certain time periods after printing of the scaffolds. Biofabrication is the production of complex living and nonliving biological products from raw materials such as cells, molecules, ECM, and biomaterials. Generally, two basic methods are used for the fabrication of scaffolds such as conventional/traditional fabrication processes and advance fabrication processes for engineering organs. A wide range of polymers and biomaterials are used for the fabrication of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. 3D additive manufacturing is advancing day-by-day; however, there are various critical challenging factors used for fabricating 3D scaffolds. This review is aimed at understanding the various scaffold fabrication techniques, types of polymers and biomaterials used for the fabrication processes, various fields of applications, and different challenges faced in their fabrication of scaffolds in regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma Ratheesh
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.,Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Amutha Chinappan
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Hariharan Ezhilarasu
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Asif Sadiq
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.,Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Fradique R, Correia TR, Miguel SP, de Sá KD, Figueira DR, Mendonça AG, Correia IJ. Production of new 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration by rapid prototyping. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:69. [PMID: 26886817 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of bone disorders, whether due to trauma or pathology, has been trending upward with the aging of the worldwide population. The currently available treatments for bone injuries are rather limited, involving mainly bone grafts and implants. A particularly promising approach for bone regeneration uses rapid prototyping (RP) technologies to produce 3D scaffolds with highly controlled structure and orientation, based on computer-aided design models or medical data. Herein, tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/alginate scaffolds were produced using RP and subsequently their physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties were characterized. The results showed that 60/40 of TCP and alginate formulation was able to match the compression and present a similar Young modulus to that of trabecular bone while presenting an adequate biocompatibility. Moreover, the biomineralization ability, roughness and macro and microporosity of scaffolds allowed cell anchoring and proliferation at their surface, as well as cell migration to its interior, processes that are fundamental for osteointegration and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fradique
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - T R Correia
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - S P Miguel
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - K D de Sá
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - D R Figueira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - A G Mendonça
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, R. Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - I J Correia
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:708-832. [PMID: 26262645 PMCID: PMC4598679 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art on calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through the successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, CaPO4 might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials those are either already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications are extensively discussed. Many different formulations in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics have been already proposed. Among the others, the nano-structurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin, as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from a laboratory to a hospital is a long one and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development are also examined.
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Kolanthai E, Dikeshwar Colon VS, Sindu PA, Chandra VS, Karthikeyan KR, Babu MS, Sundaram SM, Palanichamy M, Kalkura SN. Effect of solvent; enhancing the wettability and engineering the porous structure of a calcium phosphate/agarose composite for drug delivery. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14584d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous 3D degradable hydrophilic ceramic–polymer composites were fabricated for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Crystal Growth Centre
- Anna University
- Chennai 600025
- India
- Department of Materials Engineering
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Palanichamy
- Department of Chemistry
- Anna University
- Chennai 600025
- India
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Philippart A, Boccaccini AR, Fleck C, Schubert DW, Roether JA. Toughening and functionalization of bioactive ceramic and glass bone scaffolds by biopolymer coatings and infiltration: a review of the last 5 years. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 12:93-111. [PMID: 25331196 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.2015.958075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic scaffolds with high interconnected porosity based on bioactive glasses and ceramics are prime candidates for applications in bone tissue engineering. These materials however exhibit relatively low fracture strength and high brittleness. A simple and effective approach to improve the toughness is to combine the basic scaffold structure with polymer coatings or through the formation of interpenetrating polymer-bioactive ceramic microstructures. The polymeric phase can additionally serve as a carrier for growth factors and therapeutic drugs, thus adding biological functionalities. The present paper reviews the state-of-the art in the field of polymer coated and infiltrated bioactive inorganic scaffolds. Based on the notable combination of bioactivity, improved mechanical properties and drug or growth factor delivery capability, this scaffold type is a candidate for bone and osteochondral regeneration strategies. Remaining challenges for the improvement of the materials are discussed and opportunities to broaden the application potential of this scaffold type are also highlighted.
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Biodegradable composite scaffolds of bioactive glass/chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose for hemostatic and bone regeneration. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:457-65. [PMID: 25326173 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hemostasis in orthopedic osteotomy or bone cutting requires different methods and materials. The bleeding of bone marrow can be mostly stopped by bone wax. However, the wax cannot be absorbed, which leads to artificial prosthesis loosening, foreign matter reaction, and infection. Here, a bioactive glass/chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose (BG/CS/CMC) composite scaffold was designed to replace traditional wax. WST-1 assay indicated the BG/CS/CMC composite resulted in excellent biocompatibility with no cytotoxicity. In vivo osteogenesis assessment revealed that the BG/CS/CMC composite played a dominant role in bone regeneration and hemostasis. The BG/CS/CMC composite had the same hemostasis effect as bone wax; in addition its biodegradation also led to the functional reconstruction of bone defects. Thus, BG/CS/CMC scaffolds can serve as a potential material for bone repair and hemostasis in critical-sized bone defects.
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Kim BS, Sung HM, You HK, Lee J. Effects of fibrinogen concentration on fibrin glue and bone powder scaffolds in bone regeneration. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:469-75. [PMID: 24768229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin polymers are widely used in the tissue engineering field as biomaterials. Although numerous researchers have studied the fabrication of scaffolds using fibrin glue (FG) and bone powder, the effects of varied fibrinogen content during the fabrication of scaffolds on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and bone regeneration remain poorly understood. In this study, we formulated scaffolds using demineralized bone powder and various fibrinogen concentrations and analyzed the microstructure and mechanical properties. Cell proliferation, cell viability, and osteoblast differentiation assays were performed. The ability of the scaffold to enhance bone regeneration was evaluated using a rabbit calvarial defect model. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) showed that bone powders were uniformly distributed on the scaffolds, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the fibrin networks and flattened fibrin layers connected adjacent bone powder particles. When an 80 mg/mL fibrinogen solution was used to formulate scaffolds, the porosity decreased 41.6 ± 3.6%, while the compressive strength increased 1.16 ± 0.02 Mpa, when compared with the values for the 10 mg/mL fibrinogen solution. Proliferation assays and SEM showed that the scaffolds prepared using higher fibrinogen concentrations supported and enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. In addition, mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in cells grown on the scaffolds increased with increasing fibrinogen concentration. Micro-CT and histological analysis revealed that newly formed bone was stimulated in the scaffold implantation group. Our results demonstrate that optimization of the fibrinogen content of fibrin glue/bone powder scaffolds will be beneficial for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Su Kim
- Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Bonecell Biotech Inc., 77 Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-830, Republic of Korea
| | - Hark-Mo Sung
- Bonecell Biotech Inc., 77 Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-830, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun You
- Department of Periodontology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
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Zeng Q, Han Y, Li H, Chang J. Bioglass/alginate composite hydrogel beads as cell carriers for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 102:42-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Zeng
- Med-X Research Institute; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Yan Han
- Med-X Research Institute; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Med-X Research Institute; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Med-X Research Institute; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200030 China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200050 China
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Joshy MA, Elayaraja K, Sakthivel N, Chandra VS, Shanthini G, Kalkura SN. Freeze dried cross linking free biodegradable composites with microstructures for tissue engineering and drug delivery application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:466-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Baradari H, Damia C, Dutreih-Colas M, Champion E, Chulia D, Viana M. β-TCP porous pellets as an orthopaedic drug delivery system: ibuprofen/carrier physicochemical interactions. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2011; 12:055008. [PMID: 27877446 PMCID: PMC5074440 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/12/5/055008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate bone substitute materials can be loaded with active substances for in situ, targeted drug administration. In this study, porous β-TCP pellets were investigated as an anti-inflammatory drug carrier. Porous β-TCP pellets were impregnated with an ethanolic solution of ibuprofen. The effects of contact time and concentration of ibuprofen solution on drug adsorption were studied. The ibuprofen adsorption equilibrium time was found to be one hour. The adsorption isotherms fitted to the Freundlich model, suggesting that the interaction between ibuprofen and β-TCP is weak. The physicochemical characterizations of loaded pellets confirmed that the reversible physisorption of ibuprofen on β-TCP pellets is due to Van der Waals forces, and this property was associated with the 100% ibuprofen release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Baradari
- SPCTS—Centre Européen de la Céramique, 12 Rue Atlantis, 87068, Limoges CEDEX, France
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Román J, Cabañas MV, Peña J, Vallet-Regí M. Control of the pore architecture in three-dimensional hydroxyapatite-reinforced hydrogel scaffolds. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2011; 12:045003. [PMID: 27877422 PMCID: PMC5090500 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/12/4/045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels (gellan or agarose) reinforced with nanocrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite (nCHA) were prepared by the GELPOR3D technique. This simple method is characterized by compositional flexibility; it does not require expensive equipment, thermal treatment, or aggressive or toxic solvents, and yields a three-dimensional (3D) network of interconnected pores 300-900 μm in size. In addition, an interconnected porosity is generated, yielding a hierarchical porous architecture from the macro to the molecular scale. This porosity depends on both the drying/preservation technology (freeze drying or oven drying at 37 ○C) and on the content and microstructure of the reinforcing ceramic. For freeze-dried samples, the porosities were approximately 30, 66 and below 3% for pore sizes of 600-900 μm, 100-200 μm and 50-100 nm, respectively. The pore structure depends much on the ceramic content, so that higher contents lead to the disappearance of the characteristic honeycomb structure observed in low-ceramic scaffolds and to a lower fraction of the 100-200-μm-sized pores. The nature of the hydrogel did not affect the pore size distribution but was crucial for the behavior of the scaffolds in a hydrated medium: gellan-containing scaffolds showed a higher swelling degree owing to the presence of more hydrophilic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Román
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Cabañas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Peña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The state-of-the-art of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates that are suitable for biomedical applications is presented in this review. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, calcium orthophosphates might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates, either those already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications, are extensively discussed. Many different formulations, in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics, have already been proposed. Among the others, the nanostructurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from the laboratory to the hospital is a long one, and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, this review also examines the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development.
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24
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Dias A, Braga M, Seabra I, Ferreira P, Gil M, de Sousa H. Development of natural-based wound dressings impregnated with bioactive compounds and using supercritical carbon dioxide. Int J Pharm 2011; 408:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kretlow JD, Young S, Klouda L, Wong M, Mikos AG. Injectable biomaterials for regenerating complex craniofacial tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:3368-93. [PMID: 19750143 PMCID: PMC2742469 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200802009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Engineering complex tissues requires a precisely formulated combination of cells, spatiotemporally released bioactive factors, and a specialized scaffold support system. Injectable materials, particularly those delivered in aqueous solution, are considered ideal delivery vehicles for cells and bioactive factors and can also be delivered through minimally invasive methods and fill complex 3D shapes. In this review, we examine injectable materials that form scaffolds or networks capable of both replacing tissue function early after delivery and supporting tissue regeneration over a time period of weeks to months. The use of these materials for tissue engineering within the craniofacial complex is challenging but ideal as many highly specialized and functional tissues reside within a small volume in the craniofacial structures and the need for minimally invasive interventions is desirable due to aesthetic considerations. Current biomaterials and strategies used to treat craniofacial defects are examined, followed by a review of craniofacial tissue engineering, and finally an examination of current technologies used for injectable scaffold development and drug and cell delivery using these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Kretlow
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, MS 142, Houston, TX 77251-1892 (U.S.A.)
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, MS 142, Houston, TX 77251-1892 (U.S.A.)
| | - Leda Klouda
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, MS 142, Houston, TX 77251-1892 (U.S.A.)
| | - Mark Wong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6515 M.D. Anderson Blvd., Suite DBB 2.059, Houston, TX 770030 (U.S.A.)
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, MS 142, Houston, TX 77251-1892 (U.S.A.)
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Zhou Z, Yang D, Nie J, Ren Y, Cui F. Injectable Poly(ethylene glycol) Dimethacrylate-based Hydrogels with Hydroxyapatite. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911509341774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels are attractive materials for tissue engineering as they provide fast reaction rates, low heat release, and biocompatibility for cell proliferation and permanent interface with surrounding tissue. A series of injectable poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) hydrogels with four different weight fractions of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were prepared and thermal and mechanical properties evaluated. The cytocompatibility was assessed by examining the viability and morphology of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded on the hydrogels. The in situ crosslink process displayed a vast decrease in the maximal temperature and an increase in the maximal temperature time. Cytocompatibility evaluation by MTT assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) showed that the cells on the composite hydrogels possessed better viability and adherence than the hydrogels without HA. The results indicated that composite hydrogels have potential as injectable materials for tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Key Lab. of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; College of Material Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dongzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Key Lab. of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; College of Material Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Key Lab. of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; College of Material Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China,
| | - Yongjuan Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fuzhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Cabañas M, Peña J, Román J, Vallet-Regí M. Tailoring vancomycin release from β-TCP/agarose scaffolds. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 37:249-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2009; 44:2343-2387. [DOI: 10.1007/s10853-008-3124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
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29
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Alcaide M, Serrano MC, Pagani R, Sánchez-Salcedo S, Nieto A, Vallet-Regí M, Portolés MT. L929 fibroblast and Saos-2 osteoblast response to hydroxyapatite-βTCP/agarose biomaterial. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:539-49. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Biocompatibility markers for the study of interactions between osteoblasts and composite biomaterials. Biomaterials 2009; 30:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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