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Xue N, Liu P, Zhao W, Zhou Z, Zhang L, Huang R, Liu R, Fathi A, Duan JA, Chen J, Wang Y. A Horn Peptide-Thermoresponsive Hydrogel for Angiogenesis and Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304400. [PMID: 38551206 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The management of critical-sized bone defects presents a formidable clinical challenge, especially given the increasing incidence of bone diseases in the aging population. Consequently, there is an increased demand for minimally invasive bone repair materials that can effectively address this challenge, particularly in outpatient settings. In this study, the goal is to develop an injectable and biodegradable biomaterial that adheres to and fills bone-defect sites to support bone regeneration. The osteogenic and angiogenic activities of animal horn peptides are investigated by incorporating them into biologically active moieties, in combination with a novel thermosensitive hydrogel. The resulting thermosensitive hydrogel exhibited essential biological functionalities, allowing precise modulation of its physical and chemical properties. Notably, the hydrogel incorporating the horn peptide rapidly filled the bone defect site, promoting both angiogenesis and bone induction. Consequently, this approach significantly accelerates new bone regeneration. In summary, the findings of this study present a promising, minimally invasive solution for addressing critical-sized bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Xue
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenjian Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Rizhong Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ali Fathi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Tetratherix Technology Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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2
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Karaca I, Aldemir Dikici B. Quantitative Evaluation of the Pore and Window Sizes of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds on Scanning Electron Microscope Images Using Deep Learning. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24695-24706. [PMID: 38882138 PMCID: PMC11170757 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The morphological characteristics of tissue engineering scaffolds, such as pore and window diameters, are crucial, as they directly impact cell-material interactions, attachment, spreading, infiltration of the cells, degradation rate and the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is one of the most commonly used techniques for characterizing the microarchitecture of tissue engineering scaffolds due to its advantages, such as being easily accessible and having a short examination time. However, SEM images provide qualitative data that need to be manually measured using software such as ImageJ to quantify the morphological features of the scaffolds. As it is not practical to measure each pore/window in the SEM images as it requires extensive time and effort, only the number of pores/windows is measured and assumed to represent the whole sample, which may cause user bias. Additionally, depending on the number of samples and groups, a study may require measuring thousands of samples and the human error rate may increase. To overcome such problems, in this study, a deep learning model (Pore D2) was developed to quantify the morphological features (such as the pore size and window size) of the open-porous scaffolds automatically for the first time. The developed algorithm was tested on emulsion-templated scaffolds fabricated under different fabrication conditions, such as changing mixing speed, temperature, and surfactant concentration, which resulted in scaffolds with various morphologies. Along with the developed model, blind manual measurements were taken, and the results showed that the developed tool is capable of quantifying pore and window sizes with a high accuracy. Quantifying the morphological features of scaffolds fabricated under different circumstances and controlling these features enable us to engineer tissue engineering scaffolds precisely for specific applications. Pore D2, an open-source software, is available for everyone at the following link: https://github.com/ilaydakaraca/PoreD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilayda Karaca
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35433, Turkey
| | - Betül Aldemir Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35433, Turkey
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3
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Valamvanos TF, Dereka X, Katifelis H, Gazouli M, Lagopati N. Recent Advances in Scaffolds for Guided Bone Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:153. [PMID: 38534838 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The rehabilitation of alveolar bone defects of moderate to severe size is often challenging. Currently, the therapeutic approaches used include, among others, the guided bone regeneration technique combined with various bone grafts. Although these techniques are widely applied, several limitations and complications have been reported such as morbidity, suboptimal graft/membrane resorption rate, low structural integrity, and dimensional stability. Thus, the development of biomimetic scaffolds with tailor-made characteristics that can modulate cell and tissue interaction may be a promising tool. This article presents a critical consideration in scaffold's design and development while also providing information on various fabrication methods of these nanosystems. Their utilization as delivery systems will also be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros-Filippos Valamvanos
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Xanthippi Dereka
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Hector Katifelis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patra, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Greece Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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4
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Mommsen P, März V, Krezdorn N, Aktas G, Sehmisch S, Vogt PM, Großner T, Omar Pacha T. Reconstruction of an Extensive Segmental Radial Shaft Bone Defect by Vascularized 3D-Printed Graft Cage. J Pers Med 2024; 14:178. [PMID: 38392611 PMCID: PMC10890561 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We report here a 46-year-old male patient with a 14 cm segmental bone defect of the radial shaft after third degree open infected fracture caused by a shrapnel injury. The patient underwent fixed-angle plate osteosynthesis and bone reconstruction of the radial shaft by a vascularized 3D-printed graft cage, including plastic coverage with a latissimus dorsi flap and an additional central vascular pedicle. Bony reconstruction of segmental defects still represents a major challenge in musculo-skeletal surgery. Thereby, 3D-printed scaffolds or graft cages display a new treatment option for bone restoration. As missing vascularization sets the limits for the treatment of large-volume bone defects by 3D-printed scaffolds, in the present case, we firstly describe the reconstruction of an extensive radial shaft bone defect by using a graft cage with additional vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mommsen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vincent März
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicco Krezdorn
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Roskilde University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gökmen Aktas
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Maria Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Großner
- BellaSeno GmbH, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- BellaSeno Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4220, Australia
| | - Tarek Omar Pacha
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Frigério PB, Quirino LC, Gabrielli MAC, Carvalho PHDA, Garcia Júnior IR, Pereira-Filho VA. Evaluation of Bone Repair Using a New Biphasic Synthetic Bioceramic (Plenum ® Oss hp) in Critical Calvaria Defect in Rats. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1417. [PMID: 37998016 PMCID: PMC10668970 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Biphasic bioceramics are synthetic bone substitutes that provide greater safety and better predictability in guided bone regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the bone repair process using a new biphasic bioceramic of synthetic origin (Plenum® Osshp-70HA: 30β-TCP) in critical calvarial defects. (2) Methods: seventy-four defects were created in rat calvaria and divided into two groups-Plenum® Osshp (PO), right side, and Straumann® BoneCeramic™ (BC), left side. Euthanasia was performed at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery. (3) Results: Lower gene expression was observed for runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and higher expression for Integrin Binding Sialoprotein (IBSP). The results correlated with moderate immunolabeling for osteocalcin (OCN) and slight immunolabeling for osteopontin (OPN) in the PO group. Histometry showed a greater amount of biomaterial remaining in the PO group at 60 days. The microtomographic analysis showed a lower density of bone connectivity and a greater thickness of the trabeculae for the remnants of the PO group. (4) Conclusions: the Plenum® Osshp showed no differences compared to BoneCeramic™ and is therefore considered an effective option as a synthetic bone substitute in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Buzo Frigério
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo 16015-050, Brazil;
| | - Lilian Caldas Quirino
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil; (L.C.Q.); (M.A.C.G.); (P.H.d.A.C.); (V.A.P.-F.)
| | - Marisa Aparecida Cabrini Gabrielli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil; (L.C.Q.); (M.A.C.G.); (P.H.d.A.C.); (V.A.P.-F.)
| | - Pedro Henrique de Azambuja Carvalho
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil; (L.C.Q.); (M.A.C.G.); (P.H.d.A.C.); (V.A.P.-F.)
| | - Idelmo Rangel Garcia Júnior
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo 16015-050, Brazil;
| | - Valfrido Antonio Pereira-Filho
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil; (L.C.Q.); (M.A.C.G.); (P.H.d.A.C.); (V.A.P.-F.)
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6
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Bouakaz I, Drouet C, Grossin D, Cobraiville E, Nolens G. Hydroxyapatite 3D-printed scaffolds with Gyroid-Triply periodic minimal surface porous structure: Fabrication and an in vivo pilot study in sheep. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:580-595. [PMID: 37673232 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone repair is a major challenge in regenerative medicine, e.g. for large defects. There is a need for bioactive, highly percolating bone substitutes favoring bone ingrowth and tissue healing. Here, a modern 3D printing approach (VAT photopolymerization) was exploited to fabricate hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with a Gyroid-"Triply periodic minimal surface" (TPMS) porous structure (65% porosity, 90.5% HA densification) inspired from trabecular bone. Percolation and absorption capacities were analyzed in gaseous and liquid conditions. Mechanical properties relevant to guided bone regeneration in non-load bearing sites, as for maxillofacial contour reconstruction, were evidenced from 3-point bending tests and macrospherical indentation. Scaffolds were implanted in a clinically-relevant large animal model (sheep femur), over 6 months, enabling thorough analyses at short (4 weeks) and long (26 weeks) time points. In vivo performances were systematically compared to the bovine bone-derived Bio-OssⓇ standard. The local tissue response was examined thoroughly by semi-quantitative histopathology. Results demonstrated the absence of toxicity. Bone healing was assessed by bone dynamics analysis through epifluorescence using various fluorochromes and quantitative histomorphometry. Performant bone regeneration was evidenced with similar overall performances to the control, although the Gyroid biomaterial slightly outperformed Bio-OssⓇ at early healing time in terms of osteointegration and appositional mineralization. This work is considered a pilot study on the in vivo evaluation of TPMS-based 3D porous scaffolds in a large animal model, for an extended period of time, and in comparison to a clinical standard. Our results confirm the relevance of such scaffolds for bone regeneration in view of clinical practice. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone repair, e.g. for large bone defects or patients with defective vascularization is still a major challenge. Highly percolating TPMS porous structures have recently emerged, but no in vivo data were reported on a large animal model of clinical relevance and comparing to an international standard. Here, we fabricated TPMS scaffolds of HA, determined their chemical, percolation and mechanical features, and ran an in-depth pilot study in the sheep with a systematic comparison to the Bio-OssⓇ reference. Our results clearly show the high bone-forming capability of such scaffolds, with outcomes even better than Bio-OssⓇ at short implantation time. This preclinical work provides quantitative data validating the relevance of such TMPS porous scaffolds for bone regeneration in view of clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Bouakaz
- CERHUM - PIMW, 4000 Liège, Belgium; CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS / Toulouse INP / UT3, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Drouet
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS / Toulouse INP / UT3, 31030 Toulouse, France.
| | - David Grossin
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS / Toulouse INP / UT3, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Grégory Nolens
- CERHUM - PIMW, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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7
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Sivolella S, Brunello G, Nika E, Badocco D, Pastore P, Carturan SM, Bernardo E, Elsayed H, Biasetto L, Brun P. In vitro evaluation of granules obtained from 3D sphene scaffolds and bovine bone grafts: chemical and biological assays. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8775-8787. [PMID: 37665632 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00499f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Sphene is an innovative bone graft material. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the physicochemical and biological properties of Bio-Oss® (BO) and in-lab synthesized and processed sphene granules. BO granules of 1000-2000 μm (BO-L), 250-1000 μm (BO-S) and 100-200 μm (BO-p) for derived granules, and corresponding groups of sphene granules obtained from 3D printed blocks (SB-L, SB-S, SB-p) and foams (SF-L, SF-S and SF-p) were investigated. The following analyses were conducted: morphological analysis, specific surface area and porosity, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), cytotoxicity assay, Alizarin staining, bone-related gene expression, osteoblast migration and proliferation assays. All pulverized granules exhibited a similar morphology and SF-S resembled natural bone. Sphene-derived granules showed absence of micro- and mesopores and a low specific surface area. ICP-MS revealed a tendency for absorption of Ca and P for all BO samples, while sphene granules demonstrated a release of Ca. No cellular cytotoxicity was detected and osteoblastic phenotype in primary cells was observed, with significantly increased values for SF-L, SF-S, BO-L and BO-p. Further investigations are needed before clinical use can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sivolella
- Department of Neuroscience, Dentistry Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Brunello
- Department of Neuroscience, Dentistry Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Oral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ervin Nika
- Department of Neuroscience, Dentistry Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara M Carturan
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 5131, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Bernardo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Hamada Elsayed
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth Str., Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Lisa Biasetto
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Stradella San Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy.
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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Sanz-Horta R, Retegi-Carrion S, Ruiz-Hernandez R, Khatami N, Elvira C, Martinez-Campos E, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Abarrategi A. Polycaprolactone with multiscale porosity and patterned surface topography prepared using sacrificial 3D printed moulds: Towards tailor-made scaffolds. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213465. [PMID: 37236118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible three-dimensional porous scaffolds are widely used in multiple biomedical applications. However, the fabrication of tailor-made 3D structures with controlled and combined multiscale macroscopic-microscopic, surface and inner porosities in a straightforward manner is still a current challenge. Herein, we use multimaterial fused deposition modeling (FDM) to generate poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) sacrificial moulds filled with poly (Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) to generate well defined PCL 3D objects. Further on, the supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) technique, as well as the breath figures mechanism (BFs), were additionally employed to fabricate specific porous structures at the core and surfaces of the 3D PCL object, respectively. The biocompatibility of the resulting multiporous 3D structures was tested in vitro and in vivo, and the versatility of the approach was assessed by generating a vertebra model fully tunable at multiple pore size levels. In sum, the combinatorial strategy to generate porous scaffolds offers unique possibilities to fabricate intricate structures by combining the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM), which provides flexibility and versatility to generate large sized 3D structures, with advantages of the SCCO2 and BFs techniques, which allow to finely tune the macro and micro porosity at material surface and material core levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Sanz-Horta
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sugoi Retegi-Carrion
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raquel Ruiz-Hernandez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Neda Khatami
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martinez-Campos
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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9
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Guerrero J, Maevskaia E, Ghayor C, Bhattacharya I, Weber FE. Influence of Scaffold Microarchitecture on Angiogenesis and Regulation of Cell Differentiation during the Early Phase of Bone Healing: A Transcriptomics and Histological Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24066000. [PMID: 36983073 PMCID: PMC10056849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24066000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The early phase of bone healing is a complex and poorly understood process. With additive manufacturing, we can generate a specific and customizable library of bone substitutes to explore this phase. In this study, we produced tricalcium phosphate-based scaffolds with microarchitectures composed of filaments of 0.50 mm in diameter, named Fil050G, and 1.25 mm named Fil125G, respectively. The implants were removed after only 10 days in vivo followed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and histological analysis. RNAseq results revealed upregulation of adaptive immune response, regulation of cell adhesion, and cell migration-related genes in both of our two constructs. However, significant overexpression of genes linked to angiogenesis, regulation of cell differentiation, ossification, and bone development was observed solely in Fil050G scaffolds. Moreover, quantitative immunohistochemistry of structures positive for laminin revealed a significantly higher number of blood vessels in Fil050G samples. Furthermore, µCT detected a higher amount of mineralized tissue in Fil050G samples suggesting a superior osteoconductive potential. Hence, different filament diameters and distances in bone substitutes significantly influence angiogenesis and regulation of cell differentiation involved in the early phase of bone regeneration, which precedes osteoconductivity and bony bridging seen in later phases and as consequence, impacts the overall clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guerrero
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Maevskaia
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Conde-González A, Glinka M, Dutta D, Wallace R, Callanan A, Oreffo ROC, Bradley M. Rapid fabrication and screening of tailored functional 3D biomaterials: Validation in bone tissue repair - Part II. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213250. [PMID: 36563509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine strategies place increasingly sophisticated demands on 3D biomaterials to promote tissue formation at sites where tissue would otherwise not form. Ideally, the discovery/fabrication of the 3D scaffolds needs to be high-throughput and uniform to ensure quick and in-depth analysis in order to pinpoint appropriate chemical and mechanical properties of a biomaterial. Herein we present a versatile technique to screen new potential biocompatible acrylate-based 3D scaffolds with the ultimate aim of application in tissue repair. As part of this process, we identified an acrylate-based 3D porous scaffold that promoted cell proliferation followed by accelerated tissue formation, pre-requisites for tissue repair. Scaffolds were fabricated by a facile freeze-casting and an in-situ photo-polymerization route, embracing a high-throughput synthesis, screening and characterization protocol. The current studies demonstrate the dependence of cellular growth and vascularization on the porosity and intrinsic chemical nature of the scaffolds, with tuneable 3D scaffolds generated with large, interconnected pores suitable for cellular growth applied to skeletal reparation. Our studies showed increased cell proliferation, collagen and ALP expression, while chorioallantoic membrane assays indicated biocompatibility and demonstrated the angiogenic nature of the scaffolds. VEGRF2 expression in vivo observed throughout the 3D scaffolds in the absence of growth factor supplementation demonstrates a potential for angiogenesis. This novel platform provides an innovative approach to 3D scanning of synthetic biomaterials for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Glinka
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Deepanjalee Dutta
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Robert Wallace
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
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11
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Galván-Chacón V, de Melo Pereira D, Vermeulen S, Yuan H, Li J, Habibović P. Decoupling the role of chemistry and microstructure in hMSCs response to an osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramic. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:127-138. [PMID: 35475029 PMCID: PMC9014318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V.P. Galván-Chacón
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - D. de Melo Pereira
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - S. Vermeulen
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - H. Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, 3723 MB, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - J. Li
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - P. Habibović
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Maastricht University, MERLN Institute, Universiteitsingel 40, 6229ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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12
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Shen M, Wang L, Gao Y, Feng L, Xu C, Li S, Wang X, Wu Y, Guo Y, Pei G. 3D bioprinting of in situ vascularized tissue engineered bone for repairing large segmental bone defects. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100382. [PMID: 36033373 PMCID: PMC9403505 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large bone defects remain an unsolved clinical challenge because of the lack of effective vascularization in newly formed bone tissue. 3D bioprinting is a fabrication technology with the potential to create vascularized bone grafts with biological activity for repairing bone defects. In this study, vascular endothelial cells laden with thermosensitive bio-ink were bioprinted in situ on the inner surfaces of interconnected tubular channels of bone mesenchymal stem cell-laden 3D-bioprinted scaffolds. Endothelial cells exhibited a more uniform distribution and greater seeding efficiency throughout the channels. In vitro, the in situ bioprinted endothelial cells can form a vascular network through proliferation and migration. The in situ vascularized tissue-engineered bone also resulted in a coupling effect between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis is upregulated in biological processes. The in vivo 3D-bioprinted in situ vascularized scaffolds exhibited excellent performance in promoting new bone formation in rat calvarial critical-sized defect models. Consequently, in situ vascularized tissue-engineered bones constructed using 3D bioprinting technology have a potential of being used as bone grafts for repairing large bone defects, with a possible clinical application in the future. 3D bioprinting was used to fabricate in situ vascularized tissue engineered bone. In situ bioprinted endothelial cells exhibited uniform distribution and greater seeding efficiency. 3D-bioprinted scaffold produced coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Key Words
- 3D bioprinted BMSCs-laden GelMA hydrogel scaffold, (GB)
- 3D bioprinting
- 3D dual-extrusion bioprinted BMSCs-laden GelMA hydrogel and RAOECs-laden 3P hydrogel scaffold, (GB-3PR)
- 3D dual-extrusion bioprinted GelMA hydrogel and RAOECs-laden 3P hydrogel scaffold, (G-3PR)
- 3D printed GelMA hydrogel scaffold, (G)
- 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, (DAPI)
- Alizarin red S, (ARS)
- Alkaline phosphatase, (ALP)
- Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, (DMEM)
- Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, (DPBS)
- Fourier-transform infrared, (FTIR)
- In situ vascularization
- Large segmental bone defects
- PLA-PEG-PLA, (3P)
- RNA sequencing Analysis
- Tissue engineering
- analysis of variance, (ANOVA)
- bone mesenchymal stem cells, (BMSCs)
- bone mineral density, (BMD)
- bone volume to tissue volume, (BV/TV)
- complementary DNA, (cDNA)
- differentially expressed genes, (DEGs)
- endothelial cells, (ECs)
- ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, (EDTA)
- extracellular matrix, (ECM)
- fetal bovine serum, (FBS)
- gelatin methacryloyl, (GelMA)
- gene ontology, (GO)
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, (GAPDH)
- green fluorescent protein, (GFP)
- hematoxylin and eosin, (H&E)
- lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate, (LAP)
- micro-computed tomography, (micro-CT)
- nuclear magnetic resonance, (NMR)
- optical density, (OD)
- paraformaldehyde, (PFA)
- phosphate-buffered saline, (PBS)
- polyethylene glycol, (PEG)
- polylactic acid, (PLA)
- polyvinylidene fluoride, (PVDF)
- radioimmunoprecipitation assay, (RIPA)
- rat aortic endothelial cells, (RAOECs)
- real-time polymerase chain reaction, (RT-PCR)
- standard deviation, (SD)
- tissue-engineered bone, (TEB)
- tris buffered saline with Tween-20, (TBST)
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkui Shen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yi Gao
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuangye Xu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sijing Li
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Yulan Wu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yao Guo
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Guoxian Pei
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Mahapatra C, Kumar P, Paul MK, Kumar A. Angiogenic stimulation strategies in bone tissue regeneration. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wu Y, Yang L, Chen L, Geng M, Xing Z, Chen S, Zeng Y, Zhou J, Sun K, Yang X, Shen B. Core-Shell Structured Porous Calcium Phosphate Bioceramic Spheres for Enhanced Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47491-47506. [PMID: 36251859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adequate new bone regeneration in bone defects has always been a challenge as it requires excellent and efficient osteogenesis. Calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics, including hydroxyapatite (HA) and biphasic calcium phosphates (BCPs), have been extensively used in clinical bone defect filling due to their good osteoinductivity and biodegradability. Here, for the first time, we designed and fabricated two porous CaP bioceramic granules with core-shell structures, named in accordance with their composition as BCP@HA and HA@BCP (core@shell). The spherical shape and the porous structure of these granules were achieved by the calcium alginate gel molding technology combined with a H2O2 foaming process. These granules could be stacked to build a porous structure with a porosity of 65-70% and a micropore size distribution between 150 and 450 μm, which is reported to be good for new bone ingrowth. In vitro experiments confirmed that HA@BCP bioceramic granules could promote the proliferation and osteogenic ability when cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, while inhibiting the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts. In vivo, 12 weeks of implantation in a critical-sized femoral bone defect animal model showed a higher bone volume fraction and bone mineral density in the HA@BCP group than in the BCP@HA or pure HA or BCP groups. From histological analysis, we discovered that the new bone tissue in the HA@BCP group was invading from the surface to the inside of the granules, and most of the bioceramic phase was replaced by the new bone. A higher degree of vascularization at the defect region repaired by HA@BCP was revealed by 3D microvascular perfusion angiography in terms of a higher vessel volume fraction. The current study demonstrated that the core-shell structured HA@BCP bioceramic granules could be a promising candidate for bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Wu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Long Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, No. 29 Jiuyanqiao Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mengyu Geng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhengyi Xing
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinhan Zhou
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaibo Sun
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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15
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Maksoud FJ, Velázquez de la Paz MF, Hann AJ, Thanarak J, Reilly GC, Claeyssens F, Green NH, Zhang YS. Porous biomaterials for tissue engineering: a review. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8111-8165. [PMID: 36205119 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02628c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The field of biomaterials has grown rapidly over the past decades. Within this field, porous biomaterials have played a remarkable role in: (i) enabling the manufacture of complex three-dimensional structures; (ii) recreating mechanical properties close to those of the host tissues; (iii) facilitating interconnected structures for the transport of macromolecules and cells; and (iv) behaving as biocompatible inserts, tailored to either interact or not with the host body. This review outlines a brief history of the development of biomaterials, before discussing current materials proposed for use as porous biomaterials and exploring the state-of-the-art in their manufacture. The wide clinical applications of these materials are extensively discussed, drawing on specific examples of how the porous features of such biomaterials impact their behaviours, as well as the advantages and challenges faced, for each class of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Junior Maksoud
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - María Fernanda Velázquez de la Paz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Alice J Hann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Jeerawan Thanarak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Gwendolen C Reilly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK. .,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK. .,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Nicola H Green
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK. .,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Microfluidic 3D Platform to Evaluate Endothelial Progenitor Cell Recruitment by Bioactive Materials. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:264-277. [PMID: 35981686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most of the conventional in vitro models to test biomaterial-driven vascularization are too simplistic to recapitulate the complex interactions taking place in the actual cell microenvironment, which results in a poor prediction of the in vivo performance of the material. However, during the last decade, cell culture models based on microfluidic technology have allowed attaining unprecedented levels of tissue biomimicry. In this work, we propose a microfluidic-based 3D model to evaluate the effect of bioactive biomaterials capable of releasing signalling cues (such as ions or proteins) in the recruitment of endogenous endothelial progenitor cells, a key step in the vascularization process. The usability of the platform is demonstrated using experimentally-validated finite element models and migration and proliferation studies with rat endothelial progenitor cells (rEPCs) and bone marrow-derived rat mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-rMSCs). As a proof of concept of biomaterial evaluation, the response of rEPCs to an electrospun composite made of polylactic acid with calcium phosphates nanoparticles (PLA+CaP) was compared in a co-culture microenvironment with BM-rMSC to a regular PLA control. Our results show a significantly higher rEPCs migration and the upregulation of several pro-inflammatory and proangiogenic proteins in the case of the PLA+CaP. The effects of osteopontin (OPN) on the rEPCs migratory response were also studied using this platform, suggesting its important role in mediating their recruitment to a calcium-rich microenvironment. This new tool could be applied to screen the capacity of a variety of bioactive scaffolds to induce vascularization and accelerate the preclinical testing of biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : For many years researchers have used neovascularization models to evaluate bioactive biomaterials both in vitro, with low predictive results due to their poor biomimicry and minimal control over cell cues such as spatiotemporal biomolecule signaling, and in vivo models, presenting drawbacks such as being highly costly, time-consuming, poor human extrapolation, and ethically controversial. We describe a compact microphysiological platform designed for the evaluation of proangiogenesis in biomaterials through the quantification of the level of sprouting in a mimicked endothelium able to react to gradients of biomaterial-released signals in a fibrin-based extracellular matrix. This model is a useful tool to perform preclinical trustworthy studies in tissue regeneration and to better understand the different elements involved in the complex process of vascularization.
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17
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Perforated Hydrogels Consisting of Cholesterol-Bearing Pullulan (CHP) Nanogels: A Newly Designed Scaffold for Bone Regeneration Induced by RANKL-Binding Peptides and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147768. [PMID: 35887115 PMCID: PMC9316061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-binding peptide, OP3-4, is known to stimulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced bone formation, but peptides tend to aggregate and lose their bioactivity. Cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHP) nanogel scaffold has been shown to prevent aggregation of peptides and to allow their sustained release and activity; however, the appropriate design of CHP nanogels to conduct local bone formation needs to be developed. In the present study, we investigated the osteoconductive capacity of a newly synthesized CHP nanogel, CHPA using OP3-4 and BMP-2. We also clarified the difference between perforated and nonperforated CHPA impregnated with the two signaling molecules. Thirty-six, five-week-old male BALB/c mice were used for the calvarial defect model. The mice were euthanized at 6 weeks postoperatively. A higher cortical bone mineral content and bone formation rate were observed in the perforated scaffold in comparison to the nonperforated scaffold, especially in the OP3-4/BMP-2 combination group. The degradation rate of scaffold material in the perforated OP3-4/BMP-2 combination group was lower than that in the nonperforated group. These data suggest that perforated CHPA nanogel could lead to local bone formation induced by OP3-4 and BMP–2 and clarified the appropriate degradation rate for inducing local bone formation when CHPA nanogels are designed to be perforated.
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18
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Jenkins D, Salhadar K, Ashby G, Mishra A, Cheshire J, Beltran F, Grunlan M, Andrieux S, Stubenrauch C, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. PoreScript: Semi-automated pore size algorithm for scaffold characterization. Bioact Mater 2022; 13:1-8. [PMID: 35224287 PMCID: PMC8843970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold pore size influences many critical physical aspects of tissue engineering, including tissue infiltration, biodegradation rate, and mechanical properties. Manual measurements of pore sizes from scanning electron micrographs using ImageJ/FIJI are commonly used to characterize scaffolds, but these methods are both time-consuming and subject to user bias. Current semi-automated analysis tools are limited by a lack of accessibility or limited sample size in their verification process. The work here describes the development of a new MATLAB algorithm, PoreScript, to address these limitations. The algorithm was verified using three common scaffold fabrication methods (e.g., salt leaching, gas foaming, emulsion templating) with varying pore sizes and shapes to demonstrate the versatility of this new tool. Our results demonstrate that the pore size characterization using PoreScript is comparable to manual pore size measurements. The PoreScript algorithm was further evaluated to determine the effect of user-input and image parameters (relative image magnification, pixel intensity threshold, and pore structure). Overall, this work validates the accuracy of the PoreScript algorithm across several fabrication methods and provides user-guidance for semi-automated image analysis and increased throughput of scaffold characterization. PoreScript is a semi-automated MATLAB algorithm to rapidly and accurately characterize scaffold pore size distribution. PoreScript was validated with multiple polymeric scaffolds of different fabrication methods and pore architectures. Guidance of key input variables provides users with a tool for rapid characterization to accelerate scaffold development.
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Accolla RP, Simmons AM, Stabler CL. Integrating Additive Manufacturing Techniques to Improve Cell-Based Implants for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200243. [PMID: 35412030 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing global prevalence of endocrine diseases like type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) elevates the need for cellular replacement approaches, which can potentially enhance therapeutic durability and outcomes. Central to any cell therapy is the design of delivery systems that support cell survival and integration. In T1DM, well-established fabrication methods have created a wide range of implants, ranging from 3D macro-scale scaffolds to nano-scale coatings. These traditional methods, however, are often challenged by their inherent limitations in reproducible and discrete fabrication, particularly when scaling to the clinic. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques provide a means to address these challenges by delivering improved control over construct geometry and microscale component placement. While still early in development in the context of T1DM cellular transplantation, the integration of AM approaches serves to improve nutrient material transport, vascularization efficiency, and the accuracy of cell, matrix, and local therapeutic placement. This review highlights current methods in T1DM cellular transplantation and the potential of AM approaches to overcome these limitations. In addition, emerging AM technologies and their broader application to cell-based therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Accolla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Amberlyn M. Simmons
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Cherie L. Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Department of Immunology and Pathology College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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20
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Graphene Oxide Framework Structures and Coatings: Impact on Cell Adhesion and Pre-Vascularization Processes for Bone Grafts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063379. [PMID: 35328815 PMCID: PMC8955516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising material for bone tissue engineering, but the validation of its molecular biological effects, especially in the context of clinically applied materials, is still limited. In this study, we compare the effects of graphene oxide framework structures (F-GO) and reduced graphene oxide-based framework structures (F-rGO) as scaffold material with a special focus on vascularization associated processes and mechanisms in the bone. Highly porous networks of zinc oxide tetrapods serving as sacrificial templates were used to create F-GO and F-rGO with porosities >99% consisting of hollow interconnected microtubes. Framework materials were seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and the cell response was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) quantification, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) to define their impact on cellular adhesion, osteogenic differentiation, and secretion of vascular growth factors. F-GO based scaffolds improved adhesion and growth of MSC as indicated by CLSM and DNA quantification. Further, F-GO showed a better vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding capacity and improved cell growth as well as the formation of microvascular capillary-like structures in co-cultures with outgrowth endothelial cells (OEC). These results clearly favored non-reduced graphene oxide in the form of F-GO for bone regeneration applications. To study GO in the context of a clinically used implant material, we coated a commercially available xenograft (Bio-Oss® block) with GO and compared the growth of MSC in monoculture and in coculture with OEC to the native scaffold. We observed a significantly improved growth of MSC and formation of prevascular structures on coated Bio-Oss®, again associated with a higher VEGF binding capacity. We conclude that graphene oxide coating of this clinically used, but highly debiologized bone graft improves MSC cell adhesion and vascularization.
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21
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Augustin J, Feichtner F, Waselau AC, Julmi S, Klose C, Wriggers P, Maier HJ, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Effect of pore size on tissue ingrowth and osteoconductivity in biodegradable Mg alloy scaffolds. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221078168. [PMID: 35189733 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221078168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium has mechanical properties similar to those of bone and is being considered as a potential bone substitute. In the present study, two different pore sized scaffolds of the Mg alloy LAE442, coated with magnesium fluoride, were compared. The scaffolds had interconnecting pores of either 400 (p400) or 500 µm (p500). ß-TCP served as control. Ten scaffolds per time group (6, 12, 24, 36 weeks) were implanted in the trochanter major of rabbits. Histological analyses, µCT scans, and SEM/EDX were performed. The scaffolds showed slow volume decreases (week 36 p400: 9.9%; p500: 7.5%), which were accompanied by uncritical gas releases. In contrast, ß-TCP showed accelerated resorption (78.5%) and significantly more new bone inside (18.19 ± 1.47 mm3). Bone fragments grew into p400 (0.17 ± 0.19 mm3) and p500 (0.36 ± 0.26 mm3), reaching the centrally located pores within p500 more frequently. In particular, p400 displayed a more uneven and progressively larger surface area (week 36 p400: 253.22 ± 19.44; p500: 219.19 ± 4.76 mm2). A better osseointegration of p500 was indicated by significantly more trabecular contacts and a 200 µm wide bone matrix being in the process of mineralization and in permanent contact with the scaffold. The number of macrophages and foreign body giant cells were at an acceptable level concerning resorbable biomaterials. In terms of ingrown bone and integrative properties, LAE442 scaffolds could not achieve the results of ß-TCP. In this long-term study, p500 appears to be a biocompatible and more osteoconductive pore size for the Mg alloy LAE442.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Augustin
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Feichtner
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja-Christina Waselau
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Julmi
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Christian Klose
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Peter Wriggers
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Hans Jürgen Maier
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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22
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A 3D-printed bioactive polycaprolactone scaffold assembled with core/shell microspheres as a sustained BMP2-releasing system for bone repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 133:112619. [PMID: 35034816 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Integration of biological factors and hierarchical rigid scaffolds is of great interest in bone tissue engineering for fabrication of biomimetic constructs with high physical and biological performance for enhanced bone repair. Core/shell microspheres (CSMs) delivering bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and a strategy to integrate CSMs with 3D-printed scaffolds were developed herein to form a hybrid 3D system for bone repair. The scaffold was printed with polycaprolactone (PCL) and then coated with polydopamine. Shells of CSMs were electrosprayed with alginate. Cores were heparin-coated polylactic acid (PLA) microparticles fabricated via simple emulsion and heparin coating strategy. Assembly of microspheres and scaffolds was realized via a self-locking method with the assistance of controlled expansion of CSMs. The hybrid system was evaluated in the rat critical-sized bone defect model. CSMs released BMP-2 in a tunable manner and boosted osteogenic performance in vitro. CSMs were then successfully integrated inside the scaffolds. The assembled system effectively promoted osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These observations show the importance of how BMP-2 is delivered, and the core/shell microspheres represent effective BMP-2 carriers that could be integrated into scaffolds, together forming a hybrid system as a promising candidate for enhanced bone regeneration.
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23
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Monia T. β-TCP/DCPD-PHBV (40%/60%): Biomaterial made from bioceramic and biopolymer for bone regeneration; investigation of intrinsic properties. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221088950. [PMID: 35410508 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221088950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a detailed physical, chemical, and mechanical investigation of bone substitute (β-TCP/DCPD-PHBV) was carried out. In fact, it is composed of biocompatible materials such as ceramic phosphocalcic, consisting of tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and dihydrated dicalcium phosphate (DCPD) and 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) polymer having a weight fraction 40%/60%. For these analyses, diverse techniques were used, including SEM-EDS, mercury porosimeter, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and, finally, uniaxial compression test machine. A morphological investigation of biomaterials using MEB revealed uneven particle shape and size, as well as a rough surface with a porous and microcracked structure. In fact, this architecture promotes the development of bone within biomaterials. Compositional studies applying FTIR technology, also, revealed the existence of chemical components, comparable to those found in the mineral phase of bone (Ca2+, PO43-, and HPO42-). The following compounds prove the bioactivity of β-TCP/DCPD-PHBV. Furthermore, mechanical investigations revealed that this biomaterial has a satisfying mechanical strength (195.21 MPa), closer to bone. Nevertheless, another significant benefit of combining the two biocompatible materials used in this work is that the ductility of PHBV restricts the brittleness of β-TCP/DCPD-PHBV, compared to pure β-TCP/DCPD. The obtained results demonstrate the beneficial properties of β-TCP/DCPD-PHBV and approve the possibility of using this biomaterial as a viable material for future implantology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trimeche Monia
- Laboratory of Materials, Optimization and Energy for Sustainability (LAMOED), Department of Industrial Engineering, Tunis El Manar University, National School of Engineers of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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24
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Schmidt M, Waselau AC, Feichtner F, Julmi S, Klose C, Maier HJ, Wriggers P, Meyer-Lindenberg A. In vivo investigation of open-pored magnesium scaffolds LAE442 with different coatings in an open wedge defect. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221142679. [PMID: 36545893 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221142679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnesium alloy LAE442 showed promising results as a bone substitute in numerous studies in non-weight bearing bone defects. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo behavior of wedge-shaped open-pored LAE442 scaffolds modified with two different coatings (magnesium fluoride (MgF2, group 1)) or magnesium fluoride/calcium phosphate (MgF2/CaP, group 2)) in a partial weight-bearing rabbit tibia defect model. The implantation of the scaffolds was performed as an open wedge corrective osteotomy in the tibia of 40 rabbits and followed for observation periods of 6, 12, 24, and 36 weeks. Radiological and microcomputed tomographic examinations were performed in vivo. X-ray microscopic, histological, histomorphometric, and SEM/EDS analyses were performed at the end of each time period. µCT measurements and X-ray microscopy showed a slight decrease in volume and density of the scaffolds of both coatings. Histologically, endosteal and periosteal callus formation with good bridging and stabilization of the osteotomy gap and ingrowth of bone into the scaffold was seen. The MgF2 coating favored better bridging of the osteotomy gap and more bone-scaffold contacts, especially at later examination time points. Overall, the scaffolds of both coatings met the requirement to withstand the loads after an open wedge corrective osteotomy of the proximal rabbit tibia. However, in addition to the inhomogeneous degradation behavior of individual scaffolds, an accumulation of gas appeared, so the scaffold material should be revised again regarding size dimension and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Schmidt
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja-Christina Waselau
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Feichtner
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Julmi
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Christian Klose
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Hans Jürgen Maier
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Peter Wriggers
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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25
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Wu F, Yang J, Ke X, Ye S, Bao Z, Yang X, Zhong C, Shen M, Xu S, Zhang L, Gou Z, Yang G. Integrating pore architectures to evaluate vascularization efficacy in silicate-based bioceramic scaffolds. Regen Biomater 2021; 9:rbab077. [PMID: 35480859 PMCID: PMC9039507 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pore architecture in bioceramic scaffolds plays an important role in facilitating vascularization efficiency during bone repair or orbital reconstruction. Many investigations have explored this relationship but lack integrating pore architectural features in a scaffold, hindering optimization of architectural parameters (geometry, size and curvature) to improve vascularization and consequently clinical outcomes. To address this challenge, we have developed an integrating design strategy to fabricate different pore architectures (cube, gyroid and hexagon) with different pore dimensions (∼350, 500 and 650 μm) in the silicate-based bioceramic scaffolds via digital light processing technique. The sintered scaffolds maintained high-fidelity pore architectures similar to the printing model. The hexagon- and gyroid-pore scaffolds exhibited the highest and lowest compressive strength (from 15 to 55 MPa), respectively, but the cube-pore scaffolds showed appreciable elastic modulus. Moreover, the gyroid-pore architecture contributed on a faster ion dissolution and mass decay in vitro. It is interesting that both μCT and histological analyses indicate vascularization efficiency was challenged even in the 650-μm pore region of hexagon-pore scaffolds within 2 weeks in rabbit models, but the gyroid-pore constructs indicated appreciable blood vessel networks even in the 350-μm pore region at 2 weeks and high-density blood vessels were uniformly invaded in the 500- and 650-μm pore at 4 weeks. Angiogenesis was facilitated in the cube-pore scaffolds in comparison with the hexagon-pore ones within 4 weeks. These studies demonstrate that the continuous pore wall curvature feature in gyroid-pore architecture is an important implication for biodegradation, vascular cell migration and vessel ingrowth in porous bioceramic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University & Rui’an People’s Hospital, Rui’an 325200, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University & Rui’an People’s Hospital, Rui’an 325200, China
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University & Rui’an People’s Hospital, Rui’an 325200, China
| | - Shuo Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University & Rui’an People’s Hospital, Rui’an 325200, China
| | - Zhaonan Bao
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyan Yang
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Miaoda Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Sanzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University & Rui’an People’s Hospital, Rui’an 325200, China
| | - Zhongru Gou
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guojing Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University & Rui’an People’s Hospital, Rui’an 325200, China
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26
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Xia P, Luo Y. Vascularization in tissue engineering: The architecture cues of pores in scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1206-1214. [PMID: 34860454 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is a key event and also still a challenge in tissue engineering. Many efforts have been devoted to the development of vascularization based on cells, growth factors, and porous scaffolds in the past decades. Among these efforts, the architecture features of pores in scaffolds played important roles for vascularization, which have attracted increasing attention. It has been known that the open macro pores in scaffolds could facilitate cell migration, nutrient, and oxygen diffusion, which then could promote new tissue formation and vascularization. The pore parameters are the important factors affecting cells response and vessel formation. Thus, this review will give an overview of the current advances in the effects of pore parameters on vascularization in tissue engineering, mainly including pore size, interconnectivity, pore size distribution, pore shape (channel structure), and the micro/nano-surface topography of pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xia
- People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongxiang Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Kikuchi N, Yoshioka T, Okuno K, Kanamori A, Yamazaki M. Characterization of bone remodeling of two different porous types of β-tricalcium phosphates: a quantitative site-by-site analysis using computed tomography. J Artif Organs 2021; 25:254-261. [PMID: 34846598 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-021-01304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the process of bone remodeling using spherical porous β-tricalcium phosphate (SPTCP) and unidirectional porous β-tricalcium phosphate (UDPTCP) by quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 16 patients (4 men, 12 women; age, 43-78 years) who underwent medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) and were followed up for 1 year postoperatively. Nine patients used SPTCP spacers and seven patients used UDPTCP spacers. CT was performed at 1 week, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. CT attenuation values were measured at three sites on the axial slice and sagittal slice, i.e., the superior, center, and inferior sites and the lateral, center, and medial sites for UDPTCP and SPTCP, respectively. CT attenuation values were lower for UDPTCP than for SPTCP in all sites at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively (p < 0.05). CT attenuation values decreased in the superior and inferior sites for UDPTCP (p < 0.05), and CT attenuation values decreased in the lateral site for both SPTCP and UDPTCP (p < 0.05). The process of bone remodeling differed between the two over a short-term follow-up of 1 year postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kikuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Tomokazu Yoshioka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. .,Division of Regenerative Medicine for Musculoskeletal System, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Okuno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kanamori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamazaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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Abstract
Successful periodontal regeneration requires the hierarchical reorganization of multiple tissues including periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingiva. The limitation of conventional regenerative therapies has been attracting research interest in tissue engineering-based periodontal therapies where progenitor cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules are delivered. Scaffolds offer not only structural support but also provide geometrical clue to guide cell fate. Additionally, functionalization improves bioactive properties to the scaffold. Various scaffold designs have been proposed for periodontal regeneration. These include the fabrication of biomimetic periodontal extracellular matrix, multiphasic scaffolds with tissue-specific layers, and personalized 3D printed scaffolds. This review summarizes the basic concept as well as the recent advancement of scaffold designing and fabrication for periodontal regeneration and provides an insight of future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Yamada
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine - Tissue Engineering Group, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Siddharth Shanbhag
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine - Tissue Engineering Group, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine - Tissue Engineering Group, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
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Dikici S, Aldemir Dikici B, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F. Decellularised extracellular matrix decorated PCL PolyHIPE scaffolds for enhanced cellular activity, integration and angiogenesis. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7297-7310. [PMID: 34617526 PMCID: PMC8547328 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing involves a complex series of events where cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play a key role. Wounding can be simple, such as the loss of the epithelial integrity, or deeper and more complex, reaching to subcutaneous tissues, including blood vessels, muscles and nerves. Rapid neovascularisation of the wounded area is crucial for wound healing as it has a key role in supplying oxygen and nutrients during the highly demanding proliferative phase and transmigration of inflammatory cells to the wound area. One approach to circumvent delayed neovascularisation is the exogenous use of pro-angiogenic factors, which is expensive, highly dose-dependent, and the delivery of them requires a very well-controlled system to avoid leaky, highly permeable and haemorrhagic blood vessel formation. In this study, we decorated polycaprolactone (PCL)-based polymerised high internal phase emulsion (PolyHIPE) scaffolds with fibroblast-derived ECM to assess fibroblast, endothelial cell and keratinocyte activity in vitro and angiogenesis in ex ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Our results showed that the inclusion of ECM in the scaffolds increased the metabolic activity of three types of cells that play a key role in wound healing and stimulated angiogenesis in ex ovo CAM assays over 7 days. Herein, we demonstrated that fibroblast-ECM functionalised PCL PolyHIPE scaffolds appear to have great potential to be used as an active wound dressing to promote angiogenesis and wound healing. Decellularisation of in vitro generated extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an effective way to stimulate angiogenesis and wound healing.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Betül Aldemir Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
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Tunthasen R, Pripatnanont P, Meesane J. Fabrication and characterization of a semi-rigid shell barrier system made of polycaprolactone and biphasic calcium phosphate: A novel barrier system for bone regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104841. [PMID: 34555622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, no barrier membrane serves all purposes of bone augmentation. This study aimed to fabricate a semi-rigid shell barrier system composed of a semi-rigid shell and a covering membrane or a semi-resorbable barrier membrane, based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) for guided bone regeneration (GBR). MATERIALS AND METHODS A shell and a covering membrane were fabricated by a solvent casting technique based on PCL (70) and BCP (30). The experimental groups were a semi-rigid shell, an airdried membrane, a buffered membrane, and a commercial d-PTFE as a control. Physico-chemical, mechanical properties, and in vitro biocompatibility with osteoblasts and fibroblasts cells were evaluated in all groups. RESULTS The fabricated materials had rough surfaces with a homogeneous distribution of BCP particles on one side and a smooth surface on the opposite side. The airdried membrane presented a rougher surface on both top and bottom sides (Sq = 605.45 nm, 556.82 nm) than the semi-rigid shell (310.74 nm, 424.56 nm) and the buffered membrane (277.9 nm, 306.98 nm), respectively. The pore sizes of the airdried membrane (25-40 μm) were larger than the semi-rigid shell (5-40 μm) and the buffered membrane (5-25 μm). The porosities of the airdried and buffered membranes (∼40%) were higher than the semi-rigid shell (∼20%) significantly (p < 0.05). All fabricated materials were hydrophilic, with the lowest water contact angle in the semi-rigid shell (54.7° ± 3.06°), then the airdried (61.15° ± 4.76°), and the buffered (75.74° ± 2.8°) respectively. The semi-rigid shell resisted a higher load on compressive force (18.82 ± 2.72 N) than the d-PTFE membrane (4.23 ± 0.5 N). The tensile stress of the buffered membrane (2.544 ± 0.19 MPa) was not different from the d-PTFE (2.908 ± 0.12 MPa) but was higher than the airdried membrane (1.302 ± 0.13 MPa) significantly (P < 0.05). The airdried membrane had reached 100% swelling ability within 1 h, which was significantly faster than the buffered membrane (12 h) and the semi-rigid shell (7 days), and they were slowly degraded by lysozyme at 6 months (airdried: 24.88% ± 0.96%, buffered: 13.67% ± 0.55%, and semi-rigid: 8.62% ± 0.88%). All fabricated membranes showed no toxicity to osteoblast and fibroblast cells. CONCLUSION The semi-rigid shell and the covering membranes demonstrated suitable physical and mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, and can be assembled as the novel semi-rigid shell barrier system for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudjit Tunthasen
- Cranio-Maxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery section, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | - Prisana Pripatnanont
- Cranio-Maxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery section, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.
| | - Jirut Meesane
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
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Moreira AC, Fernandes CP, Oliveira MVD, Duailibi MT, Ribeiro AA, Duailibi SE, Kfouri FDÁ, Mantovani IF. The effect of pores and connections geometries on bone ingrowth into titanium scaffolds: an assessment based on 3D microCT images. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34492651 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to support bone tissue regeneration, porous biomaterial implants (scaffolds) must offer chemical and mechanical properties, besides favorable fluid transport. Titanium implants provide these requirements, and depending on their microstructural parameters, the osteointegration process can be stimulated. The pore structure of scaffolds plays an essential role in this process, guiding fluid transport for neo-bone regeneration. The objective of this work was to analyze geometric and morphologic parameters of the porous microstructure of implants and analyze their influences in the bone regeneration process, and then discuss which parameters are the most fundamental. Bone ingrowths into two different sorts of porous titanium implants were analyzed after 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 incubation days in experimental animal models. Measurements were accomplished with x-ray microtomography image analysis from rabbit tibiae, applying a pore-network technique. Taking into account the most favorable pore sizes for neo-bone regeneration, a novel approach was employed to assess the influence of the pore structure on this process: the analyses were carried out considering minimum pore and connection sizes. With this technique, pores and connections were analyzed separately and the influence of connectivity was deeply evaluated. This investigation showed a considerable influence of the size of connections on the permeability parameter and consequently on the neo-bone regeneration. The results indicate that the processing of porous scaffolds must be focused on deliver pore connections that stimulate the transport of fluids throughout the implant to be applied as a bone replacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Camargo Moreira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC/PGMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Laboratory of Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties (LMPT), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Celso Peres Fernandes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC/PGMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Laboratory of Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties (LMPT), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marize Varella de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Powder Technology, Division of Materials, National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monica Talarico Duailibi
- Tissue Engineering and Biofabrication Lab, Cellular and Molecular Technology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, CTCMol-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Antunes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Powder Technology, Division of Materials, National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvio Eduardo Duailibi
- Tissue Engineering and Biofabrication Lab, Cellular and Molecular Technology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, CTCMol-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Ávila Kfouri
- Tissue Engineering and Biofabrication Lab, Cellular and Molecular Technology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, CTCMol-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Frangiotti Mantovani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC/PGMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Laboratory of Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties (LMPT), Florianópolis, Brazil
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32
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Review on material parameters to enhance bone cell function in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2039-2050. [PMID: 32940685 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone plays critical roles in support, protection, movement, and metabolism. Although bone has an innate capacity for regeneration, this capacity is limited, and many bone injuries and diseases require intervention. Biomaterials are a critical component of many treatments to restore bone function and include non-resorbable implants to augment bone and resorbable materials to guide regeneration. Biomaterials can vary considerably in their biocompatibility and bioactivity, which are functions of specific material parameters. The success of biomaterials in bone augmentation and regeneration is based on their effects on the function of bone cells. Such functions include adhesion, migration, inflammation, proliferation, communication, differentiation, resorption, and vascularization. This review will focus on how different material parameters can enhance bone cell function both in vitro and in vivo.
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33
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Vilela MJC, Colaço BJA, Ventura J, Monteiro FJM, Salgado CL. Translational Research for Orthopedic Bone Graft Development. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4130. [PMID: 34361324 PMCID: PMC8348134 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Designing biomaterials for bone-substitute applications is still a challenge regarding the natural complex structure of hard tissues. Aiming at bone regeneration applications, scaffolds based on natural collagen and synthetic nanohydroxyapatite were developed, and they showed adequate mechanical and biological properties. The objective of this work was to perform and evaluate a scaled-up production process of this porous biocomposite scaffold, which promotes bone regeneration and works as a barrier for both fibrosis and the proliferation of scar tissue. The material was produced using a prototype bioreactor at an industrial scale, instead of laboratory production at the bench, in order to produce an appropriate medical device for the orthopedic market. Prototypes were produced in porous membranes that were e-beam irradiated (the sterilization process) and then analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), cytotoxicity tests with mice fibroblasts (L929), human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and human MSC osteogenic differentiation (HBMSC) with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and qPCR for osteogenic gene expression. The prototypes were also implanted into critical-size bone defects (rabbits' tibia) for 5 and 15 weeks, and after that were analysed by microCT and histology. The tests performed for the physical characterization of the materials showed the ability of the scaffolds to absorb and retain water-based solvents, as well as adequate mechanical resistance and viscoelastic properties. The cryogels had a heteroporous morphology with microporosity and macroporosity, which are essential conditions for the interaction between the cells and materials, and which consequently promote bone regeneration. Regarding the biological studies, all of the studied cryogels were non-cytotoxic by direct or indirect contact with cells. In fact, the scaffolds promoted the proliferation of the human MSCs, as well as the expression of the osteoblastic phenotype (osteogenic differentiation). The in vivo results showed bone tissue ingrowth and the materials' degradation, filling the critical bone defect after 15 weeks. Before and after irradiation, the studied scaffolds showed similar properties when compared to the results published in the literature. In conclusion, the material production process upscaling was optimized and the obtained prototypes showed reproducible properties relative to the bench development, and should be able to be commercialized. Therefore, it was a successful effort to harness knowledge from the basic sciences to produce a new biomedical device and enhance human health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. C. Vilela
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.V.); (F.J.M.M.)
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno J. A. Colaço
- Department of Animal Science, CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre UTAD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | | | - Fernando J. M. Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.V.); (F.J.M.M.)
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christiane L. Salgado
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.V.); (F.J.M.M.)
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Kleer-Reiter N, Julmi S, Feichtner F, Waselau AC, Klose C, Wriggers P, Maier HJ, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Biocompatibility and degradation of the open-pored magnesium scaffolds LAE442 and La2. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33827052 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abf5c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Porous magnesium implants are of particular interest for application as resorbable bone substitutes, due to their mechanical strength and a Young's modulus similar to bone. The objective of the present study was to compare the biocompatibility, bone and tissue ingrowth, and the degradation behaviour of scaffolds made from the magnesium alloys LAE442 (n= 40) and Mg-La2 (n= 40)in vivo. For this purpose, cylindrical magnesium scaffolds (diameter 4 mm, length 5 mm) with defined, interconnecting pores were produced by investment casting and coated with MgF2. The scaffolds were inserted into the cancellous part of the greater trochanter ossis femoris of rabbits. After implantation periods of 6, 12, 24 and 36 weeks, the bone-scaffold compounds were evaluated usingex vivo µCT80 images, histological examinations and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. The La2 scaffolds showed inhomogeneous and rapid degradation, with inferior osseointegration as compared to LAE442. For the early observation times, no bone and tissue could be observed in the pores of La2. Furthermore, the excessive amount of foreign body cells and fibrous capsule formation indicates insufficient biocompatibility of the La2 scaffolds. In contrast, the LAE442 scaffolds showed slow degradation and better osseointegration. Good vascularization, a moderate cellular response, bone and osteoid-like bone matrix at all implantation periods were observed in the pores of LAE442. In summary, porous LAE442 showed promise as a degradable scaffold for bone defect repair, based on its degradation behaviour and biocompatibility. However, further studies are needed to show it would have the necessary mechanical properties required over time for weight-bearing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kleer-Reiter
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstr. 13, München 80539, Germany
| | - S Julmi
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, Garbsen 30823, Germany
| | - F Feichtner
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstr. 13, München 80539, Germany
| | - A-C Waselau
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstr. 13, München 80539, Germany
| | - C Klose
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, Garbsen 30823, Germany
| | - P Wriggers
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 11, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - H J Maier
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, Garbsen 30823, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstr. 13, München 80539, Germany
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Jeyakumar V, Amraish N, Niculescu-Morsza E, Bauer C, Pahr D, Nehrer S. Decellularized Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Incorporated Silk Fibroin Hybrid Scaffolds for Endochondral Ossification Mediated Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084055. [PMID: 33919985 PMCID: PMC8071030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies promote bone regeneration for large bone defects by stimulating the osteogenesis route via intramembranous ossification in engineered grafts, which upon implantation are frequently constrained by insufficient integration and functional anastomosis of vasculature from the host tissue. In this study, we developed a hybrid biomaterial incorporating decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (CD-ECM) as a template and silk fibroin (SF) as a carrier to assess the bone regeneration capacity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC’s) via the endochondral ossification (ECO) route. hBMSC’s were primed two weeks for chondrogenesis, followed by six weeks for hypertrophy onto hybrid CD-ECM/SF or SF alone scaffolds and evaluated for the mineralized matrix formation in vitro. Calcium deposition biochemically determined increased significantly from 4-8 weeks in both SF and CD-ECM/SF constructs, and retention of sGAG’s were observed only in CD-ECM/SF constructs. SEM/EDX revealed calcium and phosphate crystal localization by hBMSC’s under all conditions. Compressive modulus reached a maximum of 40 KPa after eight weeks of hypertrophic induction. μCT scanning at eight weeks indicated a cloud of denser minerals in groups after hypertrophic induction in CD-ECM/SF constructs than SF constructs. Gene expression by RT-qPCR revealed that hBMSC’s expressed hypertrophic markers VEGF, COL10, RUNX2, but the absence of early hypertrophic marker ChM1 and later hypertrophic marker TSBS1 and the presence of osteogenic markers ALPL, IBSP, OSX under all conditions. Our data indicate a new method to prime hBMSC’S into the late hypertrophic stage in vitro in mechanically stable constructs for ECO-mediated bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Jeyakumar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.N.-M.); (C.B.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nedaa Amraish
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (N.A.); (D.P.)
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugenia Niculescu-Morsza
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.N.-M.); (C.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Christoph Bauer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.N.-M.); (C.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Dieter Pahr
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (N.A.); (D.P.)
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Nehrer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.N.-M.); (C.B.); (S.N.)
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Lopes SV, Collins MN, Reis RL, Oliveira JM, Silva-Correia J. Vascularization Approaches in Tissue Engineering: Recent Developments on Evaluation Tests and Modulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2941-2956. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soraia V. Lopes
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maurice N. Collins
- Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Alloplastic Bone Substitutes for Periodontal and Bone Regeneration in Dentistry: Current Status and Prospects. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051096. [PMID: 33652888 PMCID: PMC7956697 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Various bone graft products are commercially available worldwide. However, there is no clear consensus regarding the appropriate bone graft products in different clinical situations. This review is intended to summarize bone graft products, especially alloplastic bone substitutes that are available in multiple countries. It also provides dental clinicians with detailed and accurate information concerning these products. Furthermore, it discusses the prospects of alloplastic bone substitutes based on an analysis of the current market status, as well as a comparison of trends among countries. In this review, we focus on alloplastic bone substitutes approved in the United States, Japan, and Korea for use in periodontal and bone regeneration. According to the Food and Drug Administration database, 87 alloplastic bone graft products have been approved in the United States since 1996. According to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency database, 10 alloplastic bone graft products have been approved in Japan since 2004. According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare database, 36 alloplastic bone graft products have been approved in Korea since 1980. The approved products are mainly hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, and biphasic calcium phosphate. The formulations of the products differed among countries. The development of new alloplastic bone products has been remarkable. In the near future, alloplastic bone substitutes with safety and standardized quality may be the first choice instead of autologous bone; they may offer new osteoconductive and osteoinductive products with easier handling form and an adequate resorption rate, which can be used with growth factors and/or cell transplantation. Careful selection of alloplastic bone graft products is necessary to achieve predictable outcomes according to each clinical situation.
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In-Vivo Degradation Behavior and Osseointegration of 3D Powder-Printed Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040946. [PMID: 33671265 PMCID: PMC7923127 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium magnesium phosphate cements (CMPCs) are promising bone substitutes and experience great interest in research. Therefore, in-vivo degradation behavior, osseointegration and biocompatibility of three-dimensional (3D) powder-printed CMPC scaffolds were investigated in the present study. The materials Mg225 (Ca0.75Mg2.25(PO4)2) and Mg225d (Mg225 treated with diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP)) were implanted as cylindrical scaffolds (h = 5 mm, Ø = 3.8 mm) in both lateral femoral condyles in rabbits and compared with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Treatment with DAHP results in the precipitation of struvite, thus reducing pore size and overall porosity and increasing pressure stability. Over 6 weeks, the scaffolds were evaluated clinically, radiologically, with Micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) and histological examinations. All scaffolds showed excellent biocompatibility. X-ray and in-vivo µCT examinations showed a volume decrease and increasing osseointegration over time. Structure loss and volume decrease were most evident in Mg225. Histologically, all scaffolds degraded centripetally and were completely traversed by new bone, in which the remaining scaffold material was embedded. While after 6 weeks, Mg225d and TCP were still visible as a network, only individual particles of Mg225 were present. Based on these results, Mg225 and Mg225d appear to be promising bone substitutes for various loading situations that should be investigated further.
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Yang C, Zhuo W, Li Q, Huang C, Yan H, Jin D. Preliminary outcomes of allograft and hydroxyapatite as substitutes for autograft in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with self-locking standalone cages. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:123. [PMID: 33557893 PMCID: PMC7869215 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the efficacy and safety of allograft and hydroxyapatite (HA) as substitutes for autograft in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods In this study, 49 patients (80 segments) treated with ACDF were included and allocated into three groups [group A, autogenous iliac bone, n = 18; group B, allogeneic bone, n = 16; group C, HA, n = 15]. The clinical efficacy and fusion status were compared among each group. Complications were recorded in detail, and the Bazaz classification and Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) were used to detect dysphagia and dysphonia. Results Patients exhibited similar clinical efficacy among the groups during the final follow-up. All patients in groups A and B achieved fusion compared to only 73.3% of patients in group C. Groups A and B had similar fusion score, both of which greater than that of group C. No cage subsidence was observed in group A; however, 6.3% of patients in group B and 53.3% in group C had cage subsidence. Two patients in group A (11.1%) had persistent pain at the donor site. One patient in group B had dysphagia and dysphonia (6.3%), while one patient in group C had dysphonia (6.7%). Conclusion In ACDF, the autogenous iliac bone was the most ideal bone graft. The allogeneic bone was an acceptable substitute but risked cage subsidence and dysphagia. HA had a much lower fusion rate and a high risk of cage subsidence. Better substitutes should be further explored for ACDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Zhuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingchu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huibo Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dadi Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Saulacic N, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Kimura Y, Bracher AI, Zihlmann C, Lang NP. The effect of synthetic bone graft substitutes on bone formation in rabbit calvarial defects. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:14. [PMID: 33475862 PMCID: PMC7819904 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the intensity of the biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HA) coating of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) on biomaterial degradation and bone formation. Twenty-four female NZW rabbits of approximately 12 weeks of age were used. Critical size defects were randomly treated with 3%:97% HA:α-TCP (BBCP1), 12%:88% HA:α-TCP (BBCP2), and 23%:77% HA:α-TCP (BBCP3), respectively or sham. All defects were covered with a resorbable collagen membrane. Animals were euthanized after 3 and 12 weeks of healing and samples were investigated by micro-CT and histologic analysis. Ingrowth of newly formed woven bone from the original bone at 3-week healing period was observed in all samples. At the 12-week healing period, the new bone in the peripheral area was mainly lamellar and in the central region composed of both woven and lamellar bone. New bony tissue was found on the surface of all three types of granules and at the interior of the BBCP1 granules. Samples with 3% HA showed significantly less residual biomaterial in comparison to the other two groups. Furthermore, BBCP1 significantly promoted new bone area as compared to other three groups and more bone volume as compared to the control. Within its limitations, this study indicated the highest degradation rate in case of BBCP1 concomitant with the highest rate of bone formation. Hence, formation of new bone can be affected by the level of biomimetic HA coating of α-TCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Saulacic
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yasushi Kimura
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ava Insa Bracher
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Niklaus P Lang
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Multifunctional TaCu-nanotubes coated titanium for enhanced bacteriostatic, angiogenic and osteogenic properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tanaka K, Tsuchiya A, Ogino Y, Koyano K, Ishikawa K. Fabrication and Histological Evaluation of a Fully Interconnected Porous CO 3Ap Block Formed by Hydrate Expansion of CaO Granules. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8872-8878. [PMID: 35019563 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) fabricated by a dissolution-precipitation reaction from a precursor exhibits excellent osteoconductivity and is readily replaced by bone. In the present study, a fully interconnected porous CO3Ap block was fabricated by hydrate expansion and carbonation of CaO granules, and the resulting CaCO3 was then converted to CO3Ap. When CaO granules were exposed to 100% humidity CO2 in a closed vessel, the CaO granules were hydrated and expanded to form a porous Ca(OH)2 block. The block was then carbonated to form a porous CaCO3 block, which was then immersed in a Na2HPO4 solution to convert it to a porous CO3Ap block. The resulting CO3Ap block possessed a fully interconnected porous structure. Histological analyses 4 and 8 weeks after implantation in rabbits revealed that the porous CO3Ap block resulted in more significant material resorption and bone formation than the dense CO3Ap block. Therefore, it was concluded that a fully interconnected porous CO3Ap block fabricated by the hydrate expansion of CaO granules has potential value as a bone substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tanaka
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Tsuchiya
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Ogino
- Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Alizadeh M, Rezakhani L, Khodaei M, Soleimannejad M, Alizadeh A. Evaluating the effects of vacuum on the microstructure and biocompatibility of bovine decellularized pericardium. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 15:116-128. [PMID: 33175476 DOI: 10.1002/term.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was evaluating the effects of vacuum on microstructure and biocompatibility of bovine decellularized pericardium. So the bovine pericardia were decellularized and then the vacuum was applied for two periods of time; 90 and 180 min. DNA, glucose amino glycan, collagen and elastin content assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stainings performed to evaluate microstructure of tissues. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test, subcutaneous implantation, and tensile test were used to assay biocompatibility and mechanical properties of decellularized tissues. The results showed that applying vacuum reduced residual DNA significantly. Vacuum after 180 min reduced more residual DNA. There were no significant differences in the content of glucose amino glycan (GAG), collagen, and elastin between the vacuumed and control groups. SEM examination was revealed that vacuum for 180 min increased pore size and porosity more than 90 min and control groups. H&E and Masson's trichrome stainings revealed extracellular matrix preservation after decellularization in all groups. Cell viability was increased in vacuumed samples significantly after 72 h in vaccumed samples. H&E staining and tensile test after implantation of tissues were showed less inflammation in the vacuum applied tissues and increased durability. The vacuum increased DNA removal, pore size, porosity, and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo and durability of bovine decellularized pericardium in vivo. Considering the important role of time, more studies should be performed to optimize time, intensity, and method of application of vacuum in decellularization of different tissues as well as bovine pericardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khodaei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Golpayegan University of Technology, Golpayegan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Soleimannejad
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Akram Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Laurent A, Hirt-Burri N, Scaletta C, Michetti M, de Buys Roessingh AS, Raffoul W, Applegate LA. Holistic Approach of Swiss Fetal Progenitor Cell Banking: Optimizing Safe and Sustainable Substrates for Regenerative Medicine and Biotechnology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:557758. [PMID: 33195124 PMCID: PMC7644790 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.557758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety, quality, and regulatory-driven iterative optimization of therapeutic cell source selection has constituted the core developmental bedrock for primary fetal progenitor cell (FPC) therapy in Switzerland throughout three decades. Customized Fetal Transplantation Programs were pragmatically devised as straightforward workflows for tissue procurement, traceability maximization, safety, consistency, and robustness of cultured progeny cellular materials. Whole-cell bioprocessing standardization has provided plethoric insights into the adequate conjugation of modern biotechnological advances with current restraining legislative, ethical, and regulatory frameworks. Pioneer translational advances in cutaneous and musculoskeletal regenerative medicine continuously demonstrate the therapeutic potential of FPCs. Extensive technical and clinical hindsight was gathered by managing pediatric burns and geriatric ulcers in Switzerland. Concomitant industrial transposition of dermal FPC banking, following good manufacturing practices, demonstrated the extensive potential of their therapeutic value. Furthermore, in extenso, exponential revalorization of Swiss FPC technology may be achieved via the renewal of integrative model frameworks. Consideration of both longitudinal and transversal aspects of simultaneous fetal tissue differential processing allows for a better understanding of the quasi-infinite expansion potential within multi-tiered primary FPC banking. Multiple fetal tissues (e.g., skin, cartilage, tendon, muscle, bone, lung) may be simultaneously harvested and processed for adherent cell cultures, establishing a unique model for sustainable therapeutic cellular material supply chains. Here, we integrated fundamental, preclinical, clinical, and industrial developments embodying the scientific advances supported by Swiss FPC banking and we focused on advances made to date for FPCs that may be derived from a single organ donation. A renewed model of single organ donation bioprocessing is proposed, achieving sustained standards and potential production of billions of affordable and efficient therapeutic doses. Thereby, the aim is to validate the core therapeutic value proposition, to increase awareness and use of standardized protocols for translational regenerative medicine, potentially impacting millions of patients suffering from cutaneous and musculoskeletal diseases. Alternative applications of FPC banking include biopharmaceutical therapeutic product manufacturing, thereby indirectly and synergistically enhancing the power of modern therapeutic armamentariums. It is hypothesized that a single qualifying fetal organ donation is sufficient to sustain decades of scientific, medical, and industrial developments, as technological optimization and standardization enable high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Laurent
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
- Tec-Pharma SA, Bercher, Switzerland
- LAM Biotechnologies SA, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Michetti
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Anthony S. de Buys Roessingh
- Children and Adolescent Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
- Oxford Suzhou Center for Advanced Research, Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Oxford University, Suzhou, China
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ngo MT, Harley BAC. Angiogenic biomaterials to promote therapeutic regeneration and investigate disease progression. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120207. [PMID: 32569868 PMCID: PMC7396313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vasculature is a key component of the tissue microenvironment. Traditionally known for its role in providing nutrients and oxygen to surrounding cells, the vasculature is now also acknowledged to provide signaling cues that influence biological outcomes in regeneration and disease. These cues come from the cells that comprise vasculature, as well as the dynamic biophysical and biochemical properties of the surrounding extracellular matrix that accompany vascular development and remodeling. In this review, we illustrate the larger role of the vasculature in the context of regenerative biology and cancer progression. We describe cellular, biophysical, biochemical, and metabolic components of vascularized microenvironments. Moreover, we provide an overview of multidimensional angiogenic biomaterials that have been developed to promote therapeutic vascularization and regeneration, as well as to mimic elements of vascularized microenvironments as a means to uncover mechanisms by which vasculature influences cancer progression and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T Ngo
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Menger MM, Laschke MW, Orth M, Pohlemann T, Menger MD, Histing T. Vascularization Strategies in the Prevention of Nonunion Formation. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:107-132. [PMID: 32635857 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Delayed healing and nonunion formation are major challenges in orthopedic surgery, which require the development of novel treatment strategies. Vascularization is considered one of the major prerequisites for successful bone healing, providing an adequate nutrient supply and allowing the infiltration of progenitor cells to the fracture site. Hence, during the last decade, a considerable number of studies have focused on the evaluation of vascularization strategies to prevent or to treat nonunion formation. These involve (1) biophysical applications, (2) systemic pharmacological interventions, and (3) tissue engineering, including sophisticated scaffold materials, local growth factor delivery systems, cell-based techniques, and surgical vascularization approaches. Accumulating evidence indicates that in nonunions, these strategies are indeed capable of improving the process of bone healing. The major challenge for the future will now be the translation of these strategies into clinical practice to make them accessible for the majority of patients. If this succeeds, these vascularization strategies may markedly reduce the incidence of nonunion formation. Impact statement Delayed healing and nonunion formation are a major clinical problem in orthopedic surgery. This review provides an overview of vascularization strategies for the prevention and treatment of nonunions. The successful translation of these strategies in clinical practice is of major importance to achieve adequate bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Menger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Orth
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Response of Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells to kilohertz-resonance excitation in porous metallic scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 106:103726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3D-Printing of Hierarchically Designed and Osteoconductive Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13081836. [PMID: 32295064 PMCID: PMC7215341 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE), autologous bone-regenerative cells are combined with a scaffold for large bone defect treatment (LBDT). Microporous, polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds showed good healing results in small animals. However, transfer to large animal models is not easily achieved simply by upscaling the design. Increasing diffusion distances have a negative impact on cell survival and nutrition supply, leading to cell death and ultimately implant failure. Here, a novel scaffold architecture was designed to meet all requirements for an advanced bone substitute. Biofunctional, porous subunits in a load-bearing, compression-resistant frame structure characterize this approach. An open, macro- and microporous internal architecture (100 µm-2 mm pores) optimizes conditions for oxygen and nutrient supply to the implant's inner areas by diffusion. A prototype was 3D-printed applying Fused Filament Fabrication using PLA. After incubation with Saos-2 (Sarcoma osteogenic) cells for 14 days, cell morphology, cell distribution, cell survival (fluorescence microscopy and LDH-based cytotoxicity assay), metabolic activity (MTT test), and osteogenic gene expression were determined. The adherent cells showed colonization properties, proliferation potential, and osteogenic differentiation. The innovative design, with its porous structure, is a promising matrix for cell settlement and proliferation. The modular design allows easy upscaling and offers a solution for LBDT.
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Aldemir Dikici B, Reilly GC, Claeyssens F. Boosting the Osteogenic and Angiogenic Performance of Multiscale Porous Polycaprolactone Scaffolds by In Vitro Generated Extracellular Matrix Decoration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12510-12524. [PMID: 32100541 PMCID: PMC7146758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE)-based bone grafts are favorable alternatives to autografts and allografts. Both biochemical properties and the architectural features of TE scaffolds are crucial in their design process. Synthetic polymers are attractive biomaterials to be used in the manufacturing of TE scaffolds, due to various advantages, such as being relatively inexpensive, enabling precise reproducibility, possessing tunable mechanical/chemical properties, and ease of processing. However, such scaffolds need modifications to improve their limited interaction with biological tissues. Structurally, multiscale porosity is advantageous over single-scale porosity; therefore, in this study, we have considered two key points in the design of a bone repair material; (i) manufacture of multiscale porous scaffolds made of photocurable polycaprolactone (PCL) by a combination of emulsion templating and three-dimensional (3D) printing and (ii) decoration of these scaffolds with the in vitro generated bone-like extracellular matrix (ECM) to create biohybrid scaffolds that have improved biological performance compared to PCL-only scaffolds. Multiscale porous scaffolds were fabricated, bone cells were cultured on them, and then they were decellularized. The biological performance of these constructs was tested in vitro and in vivo. Mesenchymal progenitors were seeded on PCL-only and biohybrid scaffolds. Cells not only showed improved attachment on biohybrid scaffolds but also exhibited a significantly higher rate of cell growth and osteogenic activity. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used to explore the angiogenic potential of the biohybrid scaffolds. The CAM assay indicated that the presence of the in vitro generated ECM on polymeric scaffolds resulted in higher angiogenic potential and a high degree of tissue infiltration. This study demonstrated that multiscale porous biohybrid scaffolds present a promising approach to improve bioactivity, encourage precursors to differentiate into mature bones, and to induce angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Aldemir Dikici
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico
Medicine, University of Sheffield, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Gwendolen C. Reilly
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico
Medicine, University of Sheffield, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico
Medicine, University of Sheffield, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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50
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Augustin J, Feichtner F, Waselau AC, Julmi S, Klose C, Wriggers P, Maier HJ, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Comparison of two pore sizes of LAE442 scaffolds and their effect on degradation and osseointegration behavior in the rabbit model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2776-2788. [PMID: 32170913 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The magnesium alloy LAE442 emerged as a possible bioresorbable bone substitute over a decade ago. In the present study, using the investment casting process, scaffolds of the Magnesium (Mg) alloy LAE442 with two different and defined pore sizes, which had on average a diameter of 400 μm (p400) and 500 μm (p500), were investigated to evaluate degradation and osseointegration in comparison to a ß-TCP control group. Open-pored scaffolds were implanted in both greater trochanter of rabbits. Ten scaffolds per time group (6, 12, 24, and 36 weeks) and type were analyzed by clinical, radiographic and μ-CT examinations (2D and 3D). None of the scaffolds caused adverse reactions. LAE442 p400 and p500 developed moderate gas accumulation due to the Mg associated in vivo corrosion, which decreased from week 20 for both pore sizes. After 36 weeks, p400 and p500 showed volume decreases of 15.9 and 11.1%, respectively, with homogeneous degradation, whereas ß-TCP lost 74.6% of its initial volume. Compared to p400, osseointegration for p500 was significantly better at week 2 postsurgery due to more frequent bone-scaffold contacts, higher number of trabeculae and higher bone volume in the surrounding area. No further significant differences between the two pore sizes became apparent. However, p500 was close to the values of ß-TCP in terms of bone volume and trabecular number in the scaffold environment, suggesting better osseointegration for the larger pore size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Augustin
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Feichtner
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja-Christina Waselau
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Julmi
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Christian Klose
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Peter Wriggers
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Jürgen Maier
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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