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Liu YX, Chaparro FJ, Tian Z, Jia Y, Gosser J, Gaumer J, Ross L, Tafreshi H, Lannutti JJ. Visualization of porosity and pore size gradients in electrospun scaffolds using laser metrology. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282903. [PMID: 36893193 PMCID: PMC9997878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied a recently developed method, laser metrology, to characterize the influence of collector rotation on porosity gradients of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) widely investigated for use in tissue engineering. The prior- and post-sintering dimensions of PCL scaffolds were compared to derive quantitative, spatially-resolved porosity 'maps' from net shrinkage. Deposited on a rotating mandrel (200 RPM), the central region of deposition reaches the highest porosity, ~92%, surrounded by approximately symmetrical decreases to ~89% at the edges. At 1100 RPM, a uniform porosity of ~88-89% is observed. At 2000 RPM, the lowest porosity, ~87%, is found in the middle of the deposition, rebounding to ~89% at the edges. Using a statistical model of random fiber network, we demonstrated that these relatively small changes in porosity values produce disproportionately large variations in pore size. The model predicts an exponential dependence of pore size on porosity when the scaffold is highly porous (e.g., >80%) and, accordingly, the observed porosity variation is associated with dramatic changes in pore size and ability to accommodate cell infiltration. Within the thickest regions most likely to 'bottleneck' cell infiltration, pore size decreases from ~37 to 23 μm (38%) when rotational speeds increased from 200 to 2000 RPM. This trend is corroborated by electron microscopy. While faster rotational speeds ultimately overcome axial alignment induced by cylindrical electric fields associated with the collector geometry, it does so at the cost of eliminating larger pores favoring cell infiltration. This puts the bio-mechanical advantages associated with collector rotation-induced alignment at odds with biological goals. A more significant decrease in pore size from ~54 to ~19 μm (65%), well below the minimum associated with cellular infiltration, is observed from enhanced collector biases. Finally, similar predictions show that sacrificial fiber approaches are inefficient in achieving cell-permissive pore sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-xiao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Ziting Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Yizhen Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - John Gosser
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Gaumer
- Tosoh SMD, Inc., Grove City, OH, United States of America
| | - Liam Ross
- Columbus Academy, Gahanna, OH, United States of America
| | - Hooman Tafreshi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - John J. Lannutti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Center for Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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2
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Ozdemir S, Yalcin-Enis I, Yalcinkaya B, Yalcinkaya F. An Investigation of the Constructional Design Components Affecting the Mechanical Response and Cellular Activity of Electrospun Vascular Grafts. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:929. [PMID: 36295688 PMCID: PMC9607146 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is anticipated to remain the leading cause of death globally. Due to the current problems connected with using autologous arteries for bypass surgery, researchers are developing tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). The major goal of vascular tissue engineering is to construct prostheses that closely resemble native blood vessels in terms of morphological, mechanical, and biological features so that these scaffolds can satisfy the functional requirements of the native tissue. In this setting, morphology and cellular investigation are usually prioritized, while mechanical qualities are generally addressed superficially. However, producing grafts with good mechanical properties similar to native vessels is crucial for enhancing the clinical performance of vascular grafts, exposing physiological forces, and preventing graft failure caused by intimal hyperplasia, thrombosis, aneurysm, blood leakage, and occlusion. The scaffold's design and composition play a significant role in determining its mechanical characteristics, including suturability, compliance, tensile strength, burst pressure, and blood permeability. Electrospun prostheses offer various models that can be customized to resemble the extracellular matrix. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and comparative review of recent studies on the mechanical properties of fibrous vascular grafts, emphasizing the influence of structural parameters on mechanical behavior. Additionally, this review provides an overview of permeability and cell growth in electrospun membranes for vascular grafts. This work intends to shed light on the design parameters required to maintain the mechanical stability of vascular grafts placed in the body to produce a temporary backbone and to be biodegraded when necessary, allowing an autologous vessel to take its place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Ozdemir
- Textile Engineering Department, Textile Technologies and Design Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Beyoglu, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ipek Yalcin-Enis
- Textile Engineering Department, Textile Technologies and Design Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Beyoglu, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baturalp Yalcinkaya
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Fatma Yalcinkaya
- Department of Environmental Technology, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
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3
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Manigandan A, Dhandapani R, Bagewadi S, Sethu P, Sethuraman S, Subramanian A. Facile fabrication of Bi-layered Perfusable Hydrogel Tubes as Biomimetic 3D arterial construct. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 36099909 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac91ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Small-diameter arterial conduits with native physiological and biological equivalence continues to be a constant global demand posing critical challenges in fabrication. Advent of various strategies towards mimicking the structural hierarchy of a native blood vessel, often involve complex instrumentation and template-assistance with post-processing complications eventually compromising structural fidelity. In the present research, we report a template-free, facile strategy- '3D wet writing' by peripheral-core differential ionic gelation to fabricate perfusable customizable constructs of any dimension, thickness and length in <5 mins. Dual-crosslinking using di-diol complexation of borax with Alginate-PVA was performed to enhance the stability of fabricated bi-layered tubular constructs (BLT). These fabricated BLTs demonstrated non-liner mechanical characteristics of native blood vessels in withstanding physiological (120/80 mmHg) hemodynamic loading conditions with cyclic strain (5.82 ± 0.88 %). The BLTs also ensured adequate longitudinal (0.176 ± 0.03 MPa) & circumferential (0.29 ± 0.012 MPa) tensile strength and burst pressure strength of 353.875± 22.69 mmHg. Hemocompatible characteristics of BLT were clearly evident with lower hemolytic index (0.21±0.03 %) and maintenance of erythrocyte structural integrity under dynamic conditions. Further, non-thrombogenic and non-inflammatory characteristics of BLTs were confirmed by in-activated platelets and monocytes under dynamic conditions. The developed wet-writing technique exhibited facile integration of layer-specific cells concurrently with the BLT fabrication. The spatial cell-specific expressions of smooth muscle (α-SMA) and endothelial (CD-31) cells in BLT were comparable to native hierarchical cellular organization with the multi-layered medial and mono-layered intimal layers. Further, ex-vivo dynamic studies on anastomotic interface between BLT and rat abdominal aorta clearly evidenced the functional efficacy of fabricated BLTs as physiologically relevant small-diameter vascular construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Manigandan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA University, Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing lab, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, 613401, INDIA
| | - Ramya Dhandapani
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA University, Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing lab, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, 613401, INDIA
| | - Shambhavi Bagewadi
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Thanjavur, TanilNadu, 613401, INDIA
| | - Palaniappan Sethu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Birmingham, Alabama, AL 35223, UNITED STATES
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, Sastra University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613402, Thanjavur, 613401, INDIA
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA University, Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing Lab, Thanjavur, Thanjavur, - State -, 613401, INDIA
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4
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3D reconstruction of bias effects on porosity, alignment and mesoscale structure in electrospun tubular polycaprolactone. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Koyanagi E, Tara S, Sakata C, Shimada K, Kato K, Miyachi H, Tanaka R, Nakazawa Y. A novel gradient and multilayered sheet with a silk fibroin/polyvinyl alcohol core-shell structure for bioabsorbable arterial grafts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:576-584. [PMID: 34541815 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioabsorbable arterial grafts can potentially improve patency and neovessel formation; however, their application in clinical settings has not been realized. In this study, we developed bioabsorbable gradient sheets based on silk fibroin (SF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a core-shell nanofibrous structure. This gradient sheet was expected to promote vascular remodeling while we maintained its physical properties and a gradual degrading process from the luminal surface. ESP was conducted at various flow rates for SF and PVA to achieve the multilayer gradient structure. Furthermore, the elasticity of the gradient sheet could be increased by increasing the PVA flow rate; however, this reduced the tensile strength of the core-shell fibers. Notably, the physical properties of the gradient sheet did not degrade even after 7 days of immersion in a phosphate buffer saline solution, which indicates that the structure could maintain its structural integrity while resisting arterial pressure. In vitro experiments revealed that the number of endothelial cells attached to the SF/PVA sheet was notably higher than that on the cell-culture dish. The gradient sheets were implanted in rat abdominal aortas and explanted after 14 days to confirm acute-phase patency and vascular remodeling. The gradient sheets constructed with SF composed of polyurethane and PVA improved the ease of handling of the material, and these sheets resulted in a favorable vascular remodeling outcome. Our results strongly suggest that the SF/PVA-based gradient sheets described in this study can serve as a novel design for bioabsorbable arterial grafts upon further modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Koyanagi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiemi Sakata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konosuke Kato
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Miyachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumoto Nakazawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Camasão DB, Mantovani D. The mechanical characterization of blood vessels and their substitutes in the continuous quest for physiological-relevant performances. A critical review. Mater Today Bio 2021; 10:100106. [PMID: 33889837 PMCID: PMC8050780 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last 50 years, novel biomaterials and tissue engineering techniques have been investigated to produce alternative vascular substitutes that recapitulate the unique elastic mechanical features of blood vessels. A large variation in mechanical characterization, including the test type, protocol, and data analysis, is present in literature which complicates the comparison among studies and prevents the blooming and the advancement of this field. In addition, a limited mechanical assessment of the substitute for the intended application is often provided. In this light, this review presents the mechanical environment of blood vessels, discusses their mechanical behavior responsible for the suited blood flow into the body (non-linearity, anisotropy, hysteresis, and compliance), and compares the mechanical properties reported in literature (obtained with compression, tensile, stress-relaxation, creep, dynamic mechanical analysis, burst pressure, and dynamic compliance tests). This perspective highlights that the mechanical properties extracted through conventional tests are not always suitable indicators of the mechanical performance during the working life of a vascular substitute. The available tests can be then strategically used at different stages of the substitute development, prioritizing the simplicity of the method at early stages, and the physiological pertinence at later stages, following as much as possible ISO standards in the field. A consistent mechanical characterization focused on the behavior to which they will be subdued during real life is one key and missing element in the quest for physiological-like mechanical performance of vascular substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Camasão
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Québec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - D Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Québec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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7
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Iglesias-Echevarria M, Johnson R, Rafuse M, Ding Y, Tan W. Vascular Grafts with Tailored Stiffness and a Ligand Environment via Multiarmed Polymer Sheath for Expeditious Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:545-558. [PMID: 34458689 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The bypass graft is the mainstream of surgical intervention to treat vascular diseases. Ideal bypass materials, yet to be developed, require mechanical properties, availability, clinically feasible manufacturing logistics, and bioactivities with precise physicochemical cues defined to guide cell activities for arterial regeneration. Such needs instigated our fabrication of vascular grafts, which consist of coaxial, nanostructured fibers exhibiting a polycaprolactone (PCL) core and a photoclickable, 4-arm thiolated polyethylene glycol-norbornene (PEG-NB) sheath. The graft strength and bioactivity were modulated by the PCL concentration and the peptides (RGD, transforming growth factor β-1 or TGF-β1) conjugated to thiol-ene of PEG-NB, respectively. Structural, physical, and mechanical characterizations demonstrated that the fibrous grafts mimicked the key features of the native extracellular matrix, including a crosslinked fiber network for structural stability, viscoelasticity emulating arteries, hydration property, and high porosity for cell infiltration. Meanwhile, these grafts displayed strength and toughness exceeding or meeting surgical criteria. Furthermore, the grafts with higher PCL concentration (3 vs 1.8%) showed thicker fibers, lower porosity and pore size, and increased elastic and storage moduli. Graft bioactivity was determined by the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) behaviors on the grafts and arterial regeneration in vivo using interposition grafting. Results showed that the cell adhesion and proliferation increased with the RGD density (25 vs 5 mM). After 1 week implantation, all peptide-functionalized PCL/PEG-NB grafts with or without MSC preseeding, as opposed to PCL grafts, showed expeditious endothelial lining, abundant vascular cell infiltration, and matrix production. Compared to RGD grafts, RGD/TGF-β1 grafts enhanced MSC differentiation into smooth muscle cells in vitro and developed thicker smooth muscle cell layers in vivo. Overall, the versatile porous vascular grafts offer superior properties and tunability for future translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Iglesias-Echevarria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Richard Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael Rafuse
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yonghui Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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8
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Liu Y, Fan F, Dull T, Chaparro F, Franz C, Abdalbaqi A, McElroy C, Lannutti J. Physical characterization of electrospun polycaprolactone via laser micrometry: Porosity and condition-dependent jet instabilities. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Antonyshyn JA, D'''''Costa KA, Santerre JP. Advancing tissue-engineered vascular grafts via their endothelialization and mechanical conditioning. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 61:555-576. [PMID: 32909708 DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.20.11582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has garnered significant attention for its potential to address the predominant modes of failure of small diameter vascular prostheses, namely mid-graft thrombosis and anastomotic intimal hyperplasia. In this review, we described two main features underpinning the promise of tissue-engineered vascular grafts: the incorporation of an antithrombogenic endothelium, and the generation of a structurally and biomechanically mimetic extracellular matrix. From the early attempts at the in-vitro endothelialization of vascular prostheses in the 1970s through to the ongoing clinical trials of fully tissue-engineered vascular grafts, the historical advancements and unresolved challenges that characterize the current state-of-the-art are summarized in a manner that establishes a guide for the development of an effective vascular prosthesis for small diameter arterial reconstruction. The importance of endothelial cell purity and their arterial specification for the prevention of both diffuse neointimal hyperplasia and the accelerated development of atherosclerotic lesions is delineated. Additionally, the need for an extracellular matrix that recapitulates both the composition and structure of native elastic arteries to facilitate the protracted stability and patency of an engineered vasoactive conduit is described. Finally, the capacity of alternative sources of cells and mechanical conditioning to overcome these technical barriers to the clinical translation of an effective small diameter vascular prosthesis is discussed. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the historical development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts, highlighting specific areas warranting further research, and commentating on the outlook of a clinically feasible and therapeutically efficacious vascular prosthesis for small diameter arterial reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Antonyshyn
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katya A D'''''Costa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada - .,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Fan F, Coutinho da Silva MA, Moraes CR, Dunham AD, HogenEsch H, Turner JW, Lannutti JJ. Self-reinforcing nanoscalar polycaprolactone-polyethylene terephthalate electrospun fiber blends. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Wang D, Xu Y, Li Q, Turng LS. Artificial small-diameter blood vessels: materials, fabrication, surface modification, mechanical properties, and bioactive functionalities. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1801-1822. [PMID: 32048689 PMCID: PMC7155776 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01849b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, especially ones involving narrowed or blocked blood vessels with diameters smaller than 6 millimeters, are the leading cause of death globally. Vascular grafts have been used in bypass surgery to replace damaged native blood vessels for treating severe cardio- and peripheral vascular diseases. However, autologous replacement grafts are not often available due to prior harvesting or the patient's health. Furthermore, autologous harvesting causes secondary injury to the patient at the harvest site. Therefore, artificial blood vessels have been widely investigated in the last several decades. In this review, the progress and potential outlook of small-diameter blood vessels (SDBVs) engineered in vitro are highlighted and summarized, including material selection and development, fabrication techniques, surface modification, mechanical properties, and bioactive functionalities. Several kinds of natural and synthetic polymers for artificial SDBVs are presented here. Commonly used fabrication techniques, such as extrusion and expansion, electrospinning, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), braiding, 3D printing, hydrogel tubing, gas foaming, and a combination of these methods, are analyzed and compared. Different surface modification methods, such as physical immobilization, surface adsorption, plasma treatment, and chemical immobilization, are investigated and are compared here as well. Mechanical requirements of SDBVs are also reviewed for long-term service. In vitro biological functions of artificial blood vessels, including oxygen consumption, nitric oxide (NO) production, shear stress response, leukocyte adhesion, and anticoagulation, are also discussed. Finally, we draw conclusions regarding current challenges and attempts to identify future directions for the optimal combination of materials, fabrication methods, surface modifications, and biofunctionalities. We hope that this review can assist with the design, fabrication, and application of SDBVs engineered in vitro and promote future advancements in this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA and School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China and National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yiyang Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China and National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Fernández-Colino A, Wolf F, Rütten S, Schmitz-Rode T, Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Jockenhoevel S, Mela P. Small Caliber Compliant Vascular Grafts Based on Elastin-Like Recombinamers for in situ Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:340. [PMID: 31803735 PMCID: PMC6877483 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, but surgical options are restricted by the limited availability of autologous vessels, and the suboptimal performance of prosthetic vascular grafts. This is especially evident for coronary artery by-pass grafts, whose small caliber is associated with a high occlusion propensity. Despite the potential of tissue-engineered grafts, compliance mismatch, dilatation, thrombus formation, and the lack of functional elastin are still major limitations leading to graft failure. This calls for advanced materials and fabrication schemes to achieve improved control on the grafts' properties and performance. Here, bioinspired materials and technical textile components are combined to create biohybrid cell-free implants for endogenous tissue regeneration. Clickable elastin-like recombinamers are processed to form an open macroporous 3D architecture to favor cell ingrowth, while being endowed with the non-thrombogenicity and the elastic behavior of the native elastin. The textile components (i.e., warp-knitted and electrospun meshes) are designed to confer suture retention, long-term structural stability, burst strength, and compliance. Notably, by controlling the electrospun layer's thickness, the compliance can be modulated over a wide range of values encompassing those of native vessels. The grafts support cell ingrowth, extracellular matrix deposition and endothelium development in vitro. Overall, the fabrication strategy results in promising off-the-shelf hemocompatible vascular implants for in situ tissue engineering by addressing the known limitations of bioartificial vessel substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Fernández-Colino
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frederic Wolf
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,AMIBM-Aachen-Maastricht-Institute for Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Petra Mela
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Medical Materials and Implants, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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13
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Tejeda-Alejandre R, Lammel-Lindemann JA, Lara-Padilla H, Dean D, Rodriguez CA. Influence of Electrical Field Collector Positioning and Motion Scheme on Electrospun Bifurcated Vascular Graft Membranes. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132123. [PMID: 31269641 PMCID: PMC6651616 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, electrospinning membranes for vascular graft applications has been limited, due to random fiber alignment, to use in mandrel-spun, straight tubular shapes. However, straight, circular tubes with constant diameters are rare in the body. This study presents a method to fabricate curved, non-circular, and bifurcated vascular grafts based on electrospinning. In order to create a system capable of electrospinning membranes to meet specific patient needs, this study focused on characterizing the influence of fiber source, electrical field collector position (inside vs. outside the mandrel), and the motion scheme of the mandrel (rotation vs. rotation and tilting) on the vascular graft membrane morphology and mechanical properties. Given the extensive use of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) in tubular vascular graft membranes, the same material was used here to facilitate a comparison. Our results showed that the best morphology was obtained using orthogonal sources and collector positioning, and a well-timed rotation and tilting motion scheme. In terms of mechanical properties, our bifurcated vascular graft membranes showed burst pressure comparable to that of tubular vascular graft membranes previously reported, with values up to 5126 mmHg. However, the suture retention strength shown by the bifurcated vascular graft membranes was less than desired, not clinically viable values. Process improvements are being contemplated to introduce these devices into the clinical range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Tejeda-Alejandre
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital (MADIT), Apodaca, N.L. 66629, Mexico
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jan A Lammel-Lindemann
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hernan Lara-Padilla
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Energía y Mecánica, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí 171-5-231B, Ecuador
| | - David Dean
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ciro A Rodriguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico.
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital (MADIT), Apodaca, N.L. 66629, Mexico.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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14
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Chaparro FJ, Presley KF, Coutinho da Silva MA, Mandan N, Colachis ML, Posner M, Arnold RM, Fan F, Moraes CR, Lannutti JJ. Sintered electrospun poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)–poly(ethylene terephthalate) for drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Chaparro
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Kayla F. Presley
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Marco A. Coutinho da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University 601 Vernon Tharp Street, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Nayan Mandan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Matthew L. Colachis
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Michael Posner
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Ryan M. Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Christa R. Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University 601 Vernon Tharp Street, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - John J. Lannutti
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
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15
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Chaparro FJ, Presley KF, Coutinho da Silva MA, Lannutti JJ. Sintered electrospun polycaprolactone for controlled model drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:112-120. [PMID: 30889645 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning has been used widely for drug delivery applications due to its versatility and ease of modification of spun fiber properties. Net drug loading and release is typically limited by the inherent surface-area of the sample. In a relatively novel approach, sintering of electrospun fiber was used to create a capsule favoring long-term delivery. We showed that electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) retained its initial morphology out to 1042 days of in vitro exposure, illustrating its potential for extended performance. Sintering decreased the electrospun pore size by 10- and 28-fold following 56 and 57 °C exposures, respectively. At 58 and 59 °C, the PCL capsules lost all apparent surface porosity, but entrapped pores were observed in the 58 °C cross-section. The use of Rhodamine B (RhB, 479.02 g mol-1), Rose Bengal (RB, 1017.64 g mol-1) and albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate from bovine serum (BSA-FITC, ~66,000 g mol-1) as model compounds demonstrated that release (RhB > RB ≫ BSA-FITC) is controlled both by molecular weight and available porosity. Interestingly, the ranking of release following sintering was 57 > 56 > 59 > 58 °C; COMSOL simulations explored the effects of capsule wall thickness and porosity on release rate. It was hypothesized that model drug adsorption on the available fiber surface-area (57 versus 56 °C) and entrapped porosity (59 versus 58 °C) could have also attributed to the observed ranking of release rates. While the 56 and 57 °C exposures allowed the bulk of the release to occur in <1 day, the capsules sintered at 58 and 59 °C exhibited release that continued after 12 days of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Chaparro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kayla F Presley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Marco A Coutinho da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon Tharp St., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John J Lannutti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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16
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Johnson R, Ding Y, Nagiah N, Monnet E, Tan W. Coaxially-structured fibres with tailored material properties for vascular graft implant. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 97:1-11. [PMID: 30678891 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Readily-available small-diameter arterial grafts require a great combination of materials properties, including high strength, compliance, suturability, blood sealing and anti-thrombogenicity, as well as anti-kinking property for those used in challenging anatomical situations. We have constructed grafts composed of coaxially-structured polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin nanofibres, and tailored the material structures to achieve high strength, compliance and kink resistance, as well as excellent water sealing and anti-thrombogenicity. Coaxially-structured fibres in the grafts provided mechanical stability through the core, while flexibility and cell adhesion through the sheath. Results showed that graft compliance increased while strength decreased with the concentration ratio between core and sheath polymers. Compared to pure PCL fibrous surfaces, coaxial PCL/gelatin fibrous surfaces potently inhibited platelet adhesion and activation, providing excellent anti-thrombogenicity. To render sufficient burst strength and suturability, an additional layer of pure PCL was necessary to cap the layer of coaxial PCL/gelatin fibres. The two-layered grafts with the wall thickness comparable to native arteries demonstrated artery-like compliance and kink resistance, properties important to arteries under complex mechanical loading. The in vivo evaluation was performed using the interposition carotid artery graft model in rabbits for three months. Interestingly, results from ultrasonic imaging and histological analysis demonstrated that the two-layered grafts with a thinner outer PCL layer, which possessed higher compliance and kink resistance, showed increased blood flow, minimal lumen reduction and fibrosis. All vascular grafts exhibited patency and induced limited cell infiltration. Together, we presented a facile and useful approach to fabricate vascular grafts with superior graft performances, biomechanical properties, and blood compatibility. Grafts with artery-like compliance and flexibility have demonstrated improved implantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Yonghui Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Naveen Nagiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Eric Monnet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Colins, CO, United States
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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17
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Horakova J, Mikes P, Saman A, Jencova V, Klapstova A, Svarcova T, Ackermann M, Novotny V, Suchy T, Lukas D. The effect of ethylene oxide sterilization on electrospun vascular grafts made from biodegradable polyesters. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:132-142. [PMID: 30184736 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The study describes the detailed examination of the effect of ethylene oxide sterilization on electrospun scaffolds constructed from biodegradable polyesters. Different fibrous layers fabricated from polycaprolactone (PCL) and a copolymer consisting of polylactide and polycaprolactone (PLCL) were investigated for the determination of their mechanical properties, degradation rates and interaction with fibroblasts. It was discovered that the sterilization procedure influenced the mechanical properties of the electrospun PLCL copolymer scaffold to the greatest extent. No effect of ethylene oxide sterilization on degradation behavior was observed. However, a delayed fibroblast proliferation rate was noticed with concern to the ethylene oxide sterilized samples compared to the ethanol sterilization of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Horakova
- Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - P Mikes
- Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - A Saman
- Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - V Jencova
- Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - A Klapstova
- Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - T Svarcova
- Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - M Ackermann
- Department of Industrial Technology, Institute of Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - V Novotny
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute of Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - T Suchy
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, V Holesovickach 94/41, 182 09 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - D Lukas
- Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
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18
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Al-Enizi AM, Zagho MM, Elzatahry AA. Polymer-Based Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E259. [PMID: 29677145 PMCID: PMC5923589 DOI: 10.3390/nano8040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning has been considered a promising and novel procedure to fabricate polymer nanofibers due to its simplicity, cost effectiveness, and high production rate, making this technique highly relevant for both industry and academia. It is used to fabricate non-woven fibers with unique characteristics such as high permeability, stability, porosity, surface area to volume ratio, ease of functionalization, and excellent mechanical performance. Nanofibers can be synthesized and tailored to suit a wide range of applications including energy, biotechnology, healthcare, and environmental engineering. A comprehensive outlook on the recent developments, and the influence of electrospinning on biomedical uses such as wound dressing, drug release, and tissue engineering, has been presented. Concerns regarding the procedural restrictions and research contests are addressed, in addition to providing insights about the future of this fabrication technique in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moustafa M Zagho
- Materials Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ahmed A Elzatahry
- Materials Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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19
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Prediction of circumferential compliance and burst strength of polymeric vascular grafts. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 79:332-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Peritoneal pre-conditioning reduces macrophage marker expression in collagen-containing engineered vascular grafts. Acta Biomater 2017; 64:80-93. [PMID: 28987784 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered vascular grafts have shown promise as arteriovenous shunts, but they have not yet progressed to clinical trials for coronary arteries <4 mm in diameter such as the coronary arteries. Control over initial biomaterial properties and remodeling are necessary to generate viable grafts. In this study, we blended collagen with a synthetic material, poly(ε-caprolactone), to modulate the post-grafting inflammatory response while avoiding aneurysmal-like dilation and failure that can occur with pure collagen grafts. We also used pre-implantation in an "in vivo bioreactor" to recruit autologous cells and improve patency after grafting. Electrospun conduits were pre-implanted within rat peritoneal cavities and then grafted autologously into abdominal aortae. Conduit collagen percentages and pre-implantation were tested for their impact on graft remodeling and patency. Burst pressures >2000 mmHg, reproducible expansion with systole/diastole, and maintenance of mechanical integrity were observed. More importantly, peritoneal pre-implantation reduced overall lipid oxidation, intimal layer thickness, and expression of an M1 macrophage marker. The condition with the most collagen, 25%, exhibited the lowest expression of macrophage markers but also resulted in a thicker intimal layer. Overall, the 10% collagen/PCL with peritoneal pre-implantation condition appeared to exhibit the best combination of responses, and may result in improved clinical graft viability. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript describes a rodent study to systematically determine the benefits of both pre-implantation in the peritoneal cavity and specific ratios of collagen on engineered vascular graft viability. We show that pre-implantation had a significant benefit, including decreasing the expression of macrophage markers and reducing lipid oxidation after grafting. This study is the first time that the benefits of peritoneal pre-implantation have been compared to an "off the shelf," directly grafted control condition. We also demonstrated the importance of specific collagen ratio on the response after grafting. Overall, we feel that this article will be of interest to the field and it has the potential to address a significant clinical need: a graft for coronary arteries <4 mm in diameter.
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21
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Ju YM, Ahn H, Arenas-Herrera J, Kim C, Abolbashari M, Atala A, Yoo JJ, Lee SJ. Electrospun vascular scaffold for cellularized small diameter blood vessels: A preclinical large animal study. Acta Biomater 2017. [PMID: 28642016 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of vascular tissue engineering is to create a vascular substitute by combining autologous vascular cells with a tubular-shaped biodegradable scaffold. We have previously developed a novel electrospun bilayered vascular scaffold that provides proper biological and biomechanical properties as well as structural configuration. In this study, we investigated the clinical feasibility of a cellularized vascular scaffold in a preclinical large animal model. We fabricated the cellularized vascular construct with autologous endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) followed by a pulsatile bioreactor preconditioning. This fully cellularized vascular construct was tested in a sheep carotid arterial interposition model. After preconditioning, confluent and mature EC and SMC layers in the scaffold were achieved. The cellularized constructs sustained the structural integrity with a high degree of graft patency without eliciting an inflammatory response over the course of the 6-month period in sheep. Moreover, the matured EC coverage on the lumen and a thick smooth muscle layer were formed at 6months after transplantation. We demonstrated that electrospun bilayered vascular scaffolds in conjunction with autologous vascular cells may be a clinically applicable alternative to traditional prosthetic vascular graft substitutes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates the utility of tissue engineering to provide platform technologies for rehabilitation of patients recovering from severe, devastating cardiovascular diseases. The long-term goal is to provide alternatives to vascular grafting using bioengineered blood vessels derived from an autologous cell source with a functionalized vascular scaffold. This novel bilayered vascular construct for engineering blood vessels is designed to offer "off-the-shelf" availability for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Ju
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Hyunhee Ahn
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Juan Arenas-Herrera
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Cheil Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mehran Abolbashari
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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22
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Aussel A, Montembault A, Malaise S, Foulc MP, Faure W, Cornet S, Aid R, Chaouat M, Delair T, Letourneur D, David L, Bordenave L. In Vitro Mechanical Property Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels Intended for Vascular Graft Development. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:480-488. [PMID: 28762052 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular grafts made of synthetic polymers perform poorly in cardiac and peripheral bypass applications. In these applications, chitosan-based materials can be produced and shaped to provide a novel scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. The goal of this study was to evaluate in vitro the mechanical properties of a novel chitosan formulation to assess its potential for this scaffold. Two chitosan-based hydrogel tubes were produced by modulating chitosan concentration. Based on the standard ISO 7198:1998, the hydrogel tubes were characterized in vitro in terms of suture retention strength, tensile strength, compliance, and burst pressure. By increasing chitosan concentration, suture retention value increased to reach 1.1 N; average burst strength and elastic moduli also increased significantly. The compliance seemed to exhibit a low value for chitosan tubes of high concentration. By modulating chitosan concentration, we produced scaffolds with suitable mechanical properties to be implanted in vivo and withstand physiological blood pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Aussel
- University Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Bioingénierie tissulaire, U1026, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Montembault
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Malaise
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | - William Faure
- Rescoll, 8 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600, Pessac, France
| | | | - Rachida Aid
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratoire de recherche vasculaire translationnelle, 75000, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75000, Paris, France
| | - Marc Chaouat
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratoire de recherche vasculaire translationnelle, 75000, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Delair
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratoire de recherche vasculaire translationnelle, 75000, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75000, Paris, France
| | - Laurent David
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Bordenave
- University Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
- INSERM, Bioingénierie tissulaire, U1026, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
- CHU de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
- CHU de Bordeaux, CIC 1401, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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23
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Pushp P, Ferreira FC, Cabral JMS, Gupta MK. Improved survival of cardiac cells on surface modified electrospun nanofibers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x17040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ong CS, Zhou X, Huang CY, Fukunishi T, Zhang H, Hibino N. Tissue engineered vascular grafts: current state of the field. Expert Rev Med Devices 2017; 14:383-392. [PMID: 28447487 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2017.1324293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional synthetic vascular grafts are limited by the inability to remodel, as well as issues of patency at smaller diameters. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), constructed from biologically active cells and biodegradable scaffolds have the potential to overcome these limitations, and provide growth capacity and self-repair. Areas covered: This article outlines the TEVG design, biodegradable scaffolds, TEVG fabrication methods, cell seeding, drug delivery, strategies to reduce wait times, clinical trials, as well as a 5-year view with expert commentary. Expert commentary: TEVG technology has progressed significantly with advances in scaffold material and design, graft design, cell seeding and drug delivery. Strategies have been put in place to reduce wait times and improve 'off-the-shelf' capability of TEVGs. More recently, clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the clinical applications of TEVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Ong
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Xun Zhou
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Chen Yu Huang
- b Department of Physics & Astronomy , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Takuma Fukunishi
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Huaitao Zhang
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
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25
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Ferrari PF, Aliakbarian B, Lagazzo A, Tamayol A, Palombo D, Perego P. Tailored electrospun small-diameter graft for vascular prosthesis. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1252361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Francesco Ferrari
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Research Center for Biologically Inspired Engineering in Vascular Medicine and Longevity, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bahar Aliakbarian
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Research Center for Biologically Inspired Engineering in Vascular Medicine and Longevity, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Lagazzo
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Domenico Palombo
- Research Center for Biologically Inspired Engineering in Vascular Medicine and Longevity, Genoa, Italy
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Vascular Biology, University of Genoa and IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Perego
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Research Center for Biologically Inspired Engineering in Vascular Medicine and Longevity, Genoa, Italy
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26
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Pu L, Wu J, Pan X, Hou Z, Zhang J, Chen W, Na Z, Meng M, Ni H, Wang L, Li Y, Jiang L. Determining the optimal protocol for preparing an acellular scaffold of tissue engineered small-diameter blood vessels. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:619-631. [PMID: 28271637 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although detergent-based decellularization protocols have been widely used to obtain a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold in tissue engineering, some key challenges still exist. To achieve an optimum natural decellularized scaffold for the construction of tissue-engineered small-diameter blood vessels (TEBV), porcine carotid arteries (PCAs) were decellularized by combining sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and Triton X-100 (Triton) in different concentrations. Tissue samples were processed and their histological, biochemical and biomechanical characteristics were investigated. Results showed that only two methods 0.5% (SDS + SDC) and 1% (SDS + SDC) could completely remove of the cellular contents and preserve the native ECM architecture. Furthermore, 1% (SDS + SDC) based methods acquire preferable porosity and suitable mechanical strength. Residual Triton in the ECM scaffold holds intensive cytotoxity. In conclusion, 1%(SDS + SDC) based method can obtain a superior PCAs scaffold for the construction of TEBV. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 619-631, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingna Pan
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Central Laboratory, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Chen
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuhui Na
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Meng
- Central Laboratory, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Ni
- Department of Pathology, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxiong Li
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Surgery, Institution of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Bolger B, Cahill PA, Mcguinness GB. Assembly of aligned polyvinyl alcohol–styrylpyridinium pendent group nanofibres for vascular tissue engineering applicationsg. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1243/17403499jnn177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of assembling small diameter tubes with helically arranged fibres tomimic the helical structure of native blood vessels for possible future vascular tissue engineering applications. Photocrosslinkable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with styrylpyridinium pendent groups (SbQ) was usedto produce nanofibres by the electrospinning process. A novel collector was designed to produce helically aligned fabric networks. Two main parameters of the electrospinning process, voltage and feed rate, were studied by investigating their effects on the resultant morphology of the fibres. Operating parameters of 10kV and 0.2 ml/h were found to be suitable for production of PVA-SbQ nanofibres, with a 10cm distance to the collector device. At these settings, a high degree of alignment of fibres both along and between the collector copper wires was observed using a scanning electron microscope. A preliminary cell culture study demonstrated viable attachment of endothelial cells on PVA-SbQ fibres which highlighted the potential of PVA-SbQ fibrous vessels produced according to this approach to act as a substrate or basement membrane for use in vascular tissue engineering scaffold development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Bolger
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P A Cahill
- Vascular Health Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G B Mcguinness
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Liu Y, Nelson T, Cromeens B, Rager T, Lannutti J, Johnson J, Besner GE. HB-EGF embedded in PGA/PLLA scaffolds via subcritical CO 2 augments the production of tissue engineered intestine. Biomaterials 2016; 103:150-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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29
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Hotaling NA, Khristov V, Wan Q, Sharma R, Jha BS, Lotfi M, Maminishkis A, Simon CG, Bharti K. Nanofiber Scaffold-Based Tissue-Engineered Retinal Pigment Epithelium to Treat Degenerative Eye Diseases. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2016; 32:272-85. [PMID: 27110730 PMCID: PMC4904235 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2015.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical-grade manufacturing of a functional retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) monolayer requires reproducing, as closely as possible, the natural environment in which RPE grows. In vitro, this can be achieved by a tissue engineering approach, in which the RPE is grown on a nanofibrous biological or synthetic scaffold. Recent research has shown that nanofiber scaffolds perform better for cell growth and transplantability compared with their membrane counterparts and that the success of the scaffold in promoting cell growth/function is not heavily material dependent. With these strides, the field has advanced enough to begin to consider implementation of one, or a combination, of the tissue engineering strategies discussed herein. In this study, we review the current state of tissue engineering research for in vitro culture of RPE/scaffolds and the parameters for optimal scaffold design that have been uncovered during this research. Next, we discuss production methods and manufacturers that are capable of producing the nanofiber scaffolds in such a way that would be biologically, regulatory, clinically, and commercially viable. Then, a discussion of how the scaffolds could be characterized, both morphologically and mechanically, to develop a testing process that is viable for regulatory screening is performed. Finally, an example of a tissue-engineered RPE/scaffold construct is given to provide the reader a framework for understanding how these pieces could fit together to develop a tissue-engineered RPE/scaffold construct that could pass regulatory scrutiny and can be commercially successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Hotaling
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
- Unit on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vladimir Khristov
- Section of Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qin Wan
- Section of Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Unit on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Balendu Shekhar Jha
- Unit on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mostafa Lotfi
- Section of Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Arvydas Maminishkis
- Section of Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carl G. Simon
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Kapil Bharti
- Unit on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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30
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Voorneveld J, Oosthuysen A, Franz T, Zilla P, Bezuidenhout D. Dual electrospinning with sacrificial fibers for engineered porosity and enhancement of tissue ingrowth. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1559-1572. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Voorneveld
- Cardiovascular Research Unit; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery; MRC IUCHRU, University of Cape Town; Cape Town 7925 South Africa
| | - Anel Oosthuysen
- Cardiovascular Research Unit; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery; MRC IUCHRU, University of Cape Town; Cape Town 7925 South Africa
| | - Thomas Franz
- Division of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Human Biology; University of Cape Town; Cape Town 7925 South Africa
| | - Peter Zilla
- Cardiovascular Research Unit; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery; MRC IUCHRU, University of Cape Town; Cape Town 7925 South Africa
| | - Deon Bezuidenhout
- Cardiovascular Research Unit; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery; MRC IUCHRU, University of Cape Town; Cape Town 7925 South Africa
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31
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Ott LM, Zabel TA, Walker NK, Farris AL, Chakroff JT, Ohst DG, Johnson JK, Gehrke SH, Weatherly RA, Detamore MS. Mechanical evaluation of gradient electrospun scaffolds with 3D printed ring reinforcements for tracheal defect repair. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:025020. [PMID: 27097554 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/2/025020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tracheal stenosis can become a fatal condition, and current treatments include augmentation of the airway with autologous tissue. A tissue-engineered approach would not require a donor source, while providing an implant that meets both surgeons' and patients' needs. A fibrous, polymeric scaffold organized in gradient bilayers of polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) with 3D printed structural ring supports, inspired by the native trachea rings, could meet this need. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the tracheal scaffolds with mechanical testing models to determine the design most suitable for maintaining a patent airway. Degradation over 12 weeks revealed that scaffolds with the 3D printed rings had superior properties in tensile and radial compression, with at least a three fold improvement and 8.5-fold improvement, respectively, relative to the other scaffold groups. The ringed scaffolds produced tensile moduli, radial compressive forces, and burst pressures similar to or exceeding physiological forces and native tissue data. Scaffolds with a thicker PCL component had better suture retention and tube flattening recovery properties, with the monolayer of PCL (PCL-only group) exhibiting a 2.3-fold increase in suture retention strength (SRS). Tracheal scaffolds with ring reinforcements have improved mechanical properties, while the fibrous component increased porosity and cell infiltration potential. These scaffolds may be used to treat various trachea defects (patch or circumferential) and have the potential to be employed in other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Ott
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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32
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Montini-Ballarin F, Calvo D, Caracciolo PC, Rojo F, Frontini PM, Abraham GA, V Guinea G. Mechanical behavior of bilayered small-diameter nanofibrous structures as biomimetic vascular grafts. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 60:220-233. [PMID: 26872337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To these days, the production of a small diameter vascular graft (<6mm) with an appropriate and permanent response is still challenging. The mismatch in the grafts mechanical properties is one of the principal causes of failure, therefore their complete mechanical characterization is fundamental. In this work the mechanical response of electrospun bilayered small-diameter vascular grafts made of two different bioresorbable synthetic polymers, segmented poly(ester urethane) and poly(L-lactic acid), that mimic the biomechanical characteristics of elastin and collagen is investigated. A J-shaped response when subjected to internal pressure was observed as a cause of the nanofibrous layered structure, and the materials used. Compliance values were in the order of natural coronary arteries and very close to the bypass gold standard-saphenous vein. The suture retention strength and burst pressure values were also in the range of natural vessels. Therefore, the bilayered vascular grafts presented here are very promising for future application as small-diameter vessel replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Montini-Ballarin
- Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Laboratory for Biomaterials & Biological Materials, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Calvo
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Biological Materials, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo C Caracciolo
- Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Francisco Rojo
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Biological Materials, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia M Frontini
- Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Abraham
- Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Biological Materials, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Nagiah N, Johnson R, Anderson R, Elliott W, Tan W. Highly Compliant Vascular Grafts with Gelatin-Sheathed Coaxially Structured Nanofibers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12993-3002. [PMID: 26529143 PMCID: PMC4866605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have developed three types of materials composed of polyurethane-gelatin, polycaprolactone-gelatin, or polylactic acid-gelatin nanofibers by coaxially electrospinning the hydrophobic core and gelatin sheath with a ratio of 1:5 at fixed concentrations. Results from attenuated total reflection-Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the gelatin coating around nanofibers in all of the materials. Transmission electron microscopy images further displayed the core-sheath structures showing the core-to-sheath thickness ratio varied greatly with the highest ratio found in polyurethane-gelatin nanofibers. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed similar, uniform fibrous structures in all of the materials, which changed with genipin cross-linking due to interfiber interactions. Thermal analyses revealed varied interactions between the hydrophilic sheath and hydrophobic core among the three materials, which likely caused different core-sheath structures, and thus physicomechanical properties. The addition of gelatin around the hydrophobic polymer and their interactions led to the formation of graft scaffolds with tissue-like viscoelasticity, high compliance, excellent swelling capability, and absence of water permeability while maintaining competent tensile modulus, burst pressure, and suture retention. The hydrogel-like characteristics are advantageous for vascular grafting use, because of the capability of bypassing preclotting prior to implantation, retaining vascular fluid volume, and facilitating molecular transport across the graft wall, as shown by coculturing vascular cells sandwiched over a thick-wall scaffold. Varied core-sheath interactions within scaffolding nanofibers led to differences in graft functional properties such as water swelling ratio, compliance, and supporting growth of cocultured vascular cells. The PCL-gelatin scaffold with thick gelatin-sheathed nanofibers demonstrated a more compliant structure, elastic mechanics, and high water swelling property. Our results demonstrate a feasible approach to produce new hybrid, biodegradable nanofibrous scaffold biomaterials with interactive core-sheath structure, good biocompatibility, and tissue-like viscoelasticity, which may reduce potential problems with the use of individual polymers for vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Nagiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Richard Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Roy Anderson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Winston Elliott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Pashneh-Tala S, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F. The Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft-Past, Present, and Future. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 22:68-100. [PMID: 26447530 PMCID: PMC4753638 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with this trend predicted to continue for the foreseeable future. Common disorders are associated with the stenosis or occlusion of blood vessels. The preferred treatment for the long-term revascularization of occluded vessels is surgery utilizing vascular grafts, such as coronary artery bypass grafting and peripheral artery bypass grafting. Currently, autologous vessels such as the saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery represent the gold standard grafts for small-diameter vessels (<6 mm), outperforming synthetic alternatives. However, these vessels are of limited availability, require invasive harvest, and are often unsuitable for use. To address this, the development of a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) has been rigorously pursued. This article reviews the current state of the art of TEVGs. The various approaches being explored to generate TEVGs are described, including scaffold-based methods (using synthetic and natural polymers), the use of decellularized natural matrices, and tissue self-assembly processes, with the results of various in vivo studies, including clinical trials, highlighted. A discussion of the key areas for further investigation, including graft cell source, mechanical properties, hemodynamics, integration, and assessment in animal models, is then presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samand Pashneh-Tala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Chaparro FJ, Matusicky ME, Allen MJ, Lannutti JJ. Biomimetic microstructural reorganization during suture retention strength evaluation of electrospun vascular scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1525-1534. [PMID: 26256447 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Suture retention strength (SRS) is commonly used as a measure the ability of sutures to adhere implants to surrounding tissue. While SRS is widely employed, surprisingly its effects on graft microstructure have not been characterized. This is particularly germane to the broad utilization of electrospun implants in tissue engineering. These implants need to retain their initial nanoscale topography while simultaneously preserving clinically critical mechanical properties. We examined the suture-driven microstructural deformation of polycaprolactone electrospun to form both square and tubular SRS samples. The impact of fiber orientation (generally parallel or random orientation, orthogonally aligned) on the SRS of these vascular tissue equivalents was analyzed and compared to native and decellularized porcine vasculature. The initial state of the fiber clearly dictates the overall efficiency of scaffold utilization. SRS values for as-spun fibers at a thickness of 300 μm were found to be in the range of 1.59-4.78 N for the three orientations. Unexpectedly, random fibers provided the optimal SRS values based on both resistance to suture motion and the percentage of scaffold involvement. A "V-shaped" failure morphology is observed for both electrospun scaffolds and native tissue during SRS testing. Post-test fiber alignment in the tensile direction was visible in all initial fiber orientations similar to that of native tissue. These findings are significant as they allow us to employ new, counterintuitive biomimetic design criteria for nanofiber-based scaffolds in which reliable mechanical integration with the surrounding tissues via suture-based methods is important. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1525-1534, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Chaparro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210.
| | - Michelle E Matusicky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John J Lannutti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
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36
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Geiger BC, Nelson MT, Munj HR, Tomasko DL, Lannutti JJ. Dual drug release from CO2-infused nanofibers via hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett C. Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Mark Tyler Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Hrishikesh R. Munj
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - David L. Tomasko
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - John J. Lannutti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio 43210
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37
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Kurobe H, Maxfield MW, Tara S, Rocco KA, Bagi PS, Yi T, Udelsman B, Zhuang ZW, Cleary M, Iwakiri Y, Breuer CK, Shinoka T. Development of small diameter nanofiber tissue engineered arterial grafts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120328. [PMID: 25830942 PMCID: PMC4382213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The surgical repair of heart and vascular disease often requires implanting synthetic grafts. While synthetic grafts have been successfully used for medium-to-large sized arteries, applications for small diameter arteries (<6 mm) is limited due to high rates of occlusion by thrombosis. Our objective was to develop a tissue engineered vascular graft (TEVG) for small diameter arteries. TEVGs composed of polylactic acid nanofibers with inner luminal diameter between 0.5 and 0.6 mm were surgically implanted as infra-renal aortic interposition conduits in 25 female C17SCID/bg mice. Twelve mice were given sham operations. Survival of mice with TEVG grafts was 91.6% at 12 months post-implantation (sham group: 83.3%). No instances of graft stenosis or aneurysmal dilatation were observed over 12 months post-implantation, assessed by Doppler ultrasound and microCT. Histologic analysis of explanted TEVG grafts showed presence of CD31-positive endothelial monolayer and F4/80-positive macrophages after 4, 8, and 12 months in vivo. Cells positive for α-smooth muscle actin were observed within TEVG, demonstrating presence of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Neo-extracellular matrix consisting mostly of collagen types I and III were observed at 12 months post-implantation. PCR analysis supports histological observations. TEVG group showed significant increases in expressions of SMC marker, collagen-I and III, matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9, and itgam (a macrophage marker), when compared to sham group. Overall, patency rates were excellent at 12 months after implantation, as structural integrity of these TEVG. Tissue analysis also demonstrated vessel remodeling by autologous cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Kurobe
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Maxfield
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shuhei Tara
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kevin A. Rocco
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Paul S. Bagi
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Tai Yi
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brooks Udelsman
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Zhen W. Zhuang
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Muriel Cleary
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Toshiharu Shinoka
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Abstract
An ideal vascular substitute, especially in <6 mm diameter applications, is a major clinical essentiality in blood vessel replacement surgery. Blood vessels are structurally complex and functionally dynamic tissue, with minimal regeneration potential. These have composite extracellular matrix (ECM) and arrangement. The interplay between ECM components and tissue specific cells gives blood vessels their specialized functional attributes. The core of vascular tissue engineering and regeneration relies on the challenges in creating vascular conduits that match native vessels and adequately regenerate in vivo. Out of numerous vascular regeneration concerns, the relevance of ECM emphasizes much attention toward appropriate choice of scaffold material and further scaffold development strategies. The review is intended to be focused on the various approaches of scaffold materials currently in use in vascular regeneration and current state of the art. Scaffold of choice in vascular tissue engineering ranges from natural to synthetic, decellularized, and even scaffold free approach. The applicability of tubular scaffold for in vivo vascular regeneration is under active investigation. A patent conduit with an ample endothelial luminal layer that can regenerate in vivo remains an unanswered query in the field of small diameter vascular tissue engineering. Besides, scaffolds developed for vascular regeneration, should aim at providing functional substitutes for use in a regenerative approach from the laboratory bench to patient bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Thottappillil
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
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Tara S, Kurobe H, Rocco KA, Maxfield MW, Best CA, Yi T, Naito Y, Breuer CK, Shinoka T. Well-organized neointima of large-pore poly(L-lactic acid) vascular graft coated with poly(L-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone) prevents calcific deposition compared to small-pore electrospun poly(L-lactic acid) graft in a mouse aortic implantation model. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:684-91. [PMID: 25463106 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue engineering techniques have emerged that allow bioresorbable grafts to be implanted that restore function and transform into biologically active arteries. However, these implants are susceptible to calcification during the remodeling process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of pore size of bioabsorbable grafts in the development of calcification. METHODS Two types of grafts were prepared: a large-pore graft constructed of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) fibers coated with poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) (PLA-PLCL), and a small-pore graft made of electrospun PLA nanofibers (PLA-nano). Twenty-eight PLA-PLCL grafts and twenty-five PLA-nano grafts were implanted as infra-renal aortic interposition conduits in 8-week-old female SCID/Bg mice, and followed for 12 months after implantation. RESULTS Large-pore PLA-PLCL grafts induced a well-organized neointima after 12 months, and Alizarin Red S staining showed neointimal calcification only in the thin neointima of small-pore PLA-nano grafts. At 12 months, macrophage infiltration, evaluated by F4/80 staining, was observed in the thin neointima of the PLA-nano graft, and there were few vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in this layer. On the other hand, the neointima of the PLA-PLCL graft was composed of abundant VSMCs, and a lower density of macrophages (F4/80 positive cells, PLA-PLCL; 68.1 ± 41.4/mm(2) vs PLA-nano; 188.3 ± 41.9/mm(2), p = 0.007). The VSMCs of PLA-PLCL graft expressed transcription factors of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that in mouse arterial circulation, large-pore PLA-PLCL grafts created a well-organized neointima and prevented calcific deposition compared to small-pore, electrospun PLA-nano grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Tara
- Tissue Engineering Program and Surgical Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hirotsugu Kurobe
- Tissue Engineering Program and Surgical Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin A Rocco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark W Maxfield
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cameron A Best
- Tissue Engineering Program and Surgical Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tai Yi
- Tissue Engineering Program and Surgical Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher K Breuer
- Tissue Engineering Program and Surgical Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Toshiharu Shinoka
- Tissue Engineering Program and Surgical Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Nelson MT, Johnson J, Lannutti J. Media-based effects on the hydrolytic degradation and crystallization of electrospun synthetic-biologic blends. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:297-309. [PMID: 24178985 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering scaffold degradation in aqueous environments is a widely recognized factor determining the fate of the associated anchorage-dependent cells. Electrospun blends of synthetic polycaprolactone (PCL) and a biological polymer, gelatin, of 25, 50, and 75 wt% were investigated for alterations in crystallinity, microstructure and morphology following widely used in vitro biological exposures. To our knowledge, the effects of these different aqueous-based biological media compositions on the degradation of these blends have never been directly compared. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis exposed that differences in PCL crystallinity were observed following exposures to phosphate buffered solution (PBS), Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) cell culture media, and DI water following 7 days of exposure at 37 °C. XRD data suggested that in vitro medium exposures aid in providing chain mobility and rearrangement due to hydrolytic degradation of the gelatin phase, allowing previously constrained, poorly crystalline PCL regions to achieve more intense reflections resulting in the presence of crystalline peaks. The dry, as-spun modulus of relatively soft 100 % PCL fibers was approximately 10 % of any gelatin-containing composition. Tensile testing results indicate that hydrated gelatin containing scaffolds on average had a fivefold increase in elongation compared to as-spun scaffolds. After 24-h of aqueous exposure, the elastic modulus decreased in proportion to increasing gelatin content. After 1 day of exposure, the 75 and 100 % gelatin compositions largely ceased to display measurable values of modulus, elongation or tensile strength due to considerable hydrolytic degradation. On a relative basis, common aqueous in vitro medium exposures (deionized water, PBS, and DMEM) resulted in significantly divergent amounts of crystalline PCL, overall microstructure and fiber morphology in the blended compositions, subsequently 'shielding' scaffolds from significant changes in mechanical properties after 24-h of exposure. Understanding electrospun PCL-gelatin scaffold dynamics in different aqueous-based cell culture medias enables the ability to tailor scaffold composition to 'tune' degradation rate, microstructure, and long-term mechanical stability for optimal cellular growth, proliferation, and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tyler Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Nelson MT, Pattanaik L, Allen M, Gerbich M, Hux K, Allen M, Lannutti JJ. Recrystallization improves the mechanical properties of sintered electrospun polycaprolactone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 30:150-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Boomer L, Liu Y, Mahler N, Johnson J, Zak K, Nelson T, Lannutti J, Besner GE. Scaffolding for challenging environments: Materials selection for tissue engineered intestine. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3795-802. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boomer
- The Center for Perinatal Research The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Department of Pediatric Surgery; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus Ohio 43205
| | - Yanchun Liu
- The Center for Perinatal Research The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Department of Pediatric Surgery; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus Ohio 43205
| | - Nathan Mahler
- The Center for Perinatal Research The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Department of Pediatric Surgery; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus Ohio 43205
| | - Jed Johnson
- Nanofiber Solutions; LLC; Columbus Ohio 43212
| | - Katelyn Zak
- Nanofiber Solutions; LLC; Columbus Ohio 43212
| | - Tyler Nelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - John Lannutti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Gail E. Besner
- The Center for Perinatal Research The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Department of Pediatric Surgery; The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus Ohio 43205
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Hadi MF, Barocas VH. Microscale fiber network alignment affects macroscale failure behavior in simulated collagen tissue analogs. J Biomech Eng 2013; 135:021026. [PMID: 23445071 DOI: 10.1115/1.4023411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A tissue's microstructure determines its failure properties at larger length scales, however, the specific relationship between microstructure and macroscopic failure in native and engineered soft tissues (such as capsular ligaments, aortic aneurysms, or vascular grafts) has proven elusive. In this study, variations in the microscale fiber alignment in collagen gel tissue analogs were modeled in order to understand their effects on macroscale damage and failure outcomes. The study employed a multiscale finite-element (FE) model for damage and failure in collagen-based materials. The model relied on microstructural representative volume elements (RVEs) that consisted of stochastically-generated networks of discrete type-I collagen fibers. Fiber alignment was varied within RVEs and between layers of RVEs in a macroscopic FE model of a notched dogbone geometry. The macroscale stretch and the microscale response of fibers for each of the differently aligned cases were compared as the dogbone was uniaxially extended to failure. Networks with greater fiber alignment parallel to the direction of extension failed at smaller strains (with a 6-22% reduction in the Green strain at failure), however, at greater grip forces (a 28-60% increase) than networks with fibers aligned perpendicular to the extension. Alternating layers of crisscrossed network alignments (aligned ±45 deg to the direction of extension) failed at smaller strains but at greater grip forces than those created using one fiber alignment type. In summary, variations in microscale structure via fiber alignment produced different macroscale failure trends. To conclude, these findings may be significant in the realm of tissue engineering and in soft tissue biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F Hadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Ercolani E, Del Gaudio C, Bianco A. Vascular tissue engineering of small-diameter blood vessels: reviewing the electrospinning approach. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:861-88. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ercolani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, INSTM Research Unit Roma Tor Vergata; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Costantino Del Gaudio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, INSTM Research Unit Roma Tor Vergata; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Alessandra Bianco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, INSTM Research Unit Roma Tor Vergata; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
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Wang H, Feng Y, Fang Z, Yuan W, Khan M. Co-electrospun blends of PU and PEG as potential biocompatible scaffolds for small-diameter vascular tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jose RR, Elia R, Firpo MA, Kaplan DL, Peattie RA. Seamless, axially aligned, fiber tubes, meshes, microbundles and gradient biomaterial constructs. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2679-2695. [PMID: 22890517 PMCID: PMC3493794 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new electrospinning apparatus was developed to generate nanofibrous materials with improved organizational control. The system functions by oscillating the deposition signal (ODS) of multiple collectors, allowing significantly improved nanofiber control by manipulating the electric field which drives the electrospinning process. Other electrospinning techniques designed to impart deposited fiber organizational control, such as rotating mandrels or parallel collector systems, do not generate seamless constructs with high quality alignment in sizes large enough for medical devices. In contrast, the ODS collection system produces deposited fiber networks with highly pure alignment in a variety of forms and sizes, including flat (8 × 8 cm(2)), tubular (1.3 cm diameter), or rope-like microbundle (45 μm diameter) samples. Additionally, the mechanism of our technique allows for scale-up beyond these dimensions. The ODS collection system produced 81.6 % of fibers aligned within 5° of the axial direction, nearly a four-fold improvement over the rotating mandrel technique. The meshes produced from the 9 % (w/v) fibroin/PEO blend demonstrated significant mechanical anisotropy due to the fiber alignment. In 37 °C PBS, aligned samples produced an ultimate tensile strength of 16.47 ± 1.18 MPa, a Young's modulus of 37.33 MPa, and a yield strength of 7.79 ± 1.13 MPa. The material was 300 % stiffer when extended in the direction of fiber alignment and required 20 times the amount of force to be deformed, compared to aligned meshes extended perpendicular to the fiber direction. The ODS technique could be applied to any electrospinnable polymer to overcome the more limited uniformity and induced mechanical strain of rotating mandrel techniques, and greatly surpasses the limited length of standard parallel collector techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod R Jose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Bonani W, Motta A, Migliaresi C, Tan W. Biomolecule gradient in micropatterned nanofibrous scaffold for spatiotemporal release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:13675-13687. [PMID: 22950580 PMCID: PMC3648342 DOI: 10.1021/la302386u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Controlled molecule release from scaffolds can dramatically increase the scaffold ability of directing tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Crucial to the regeneration is precise regulation over release direction and kinetics of multiple molecules (small genes, peptides, or larger proteins). To this end, we developed gradient micropatterns of electrospun nanofibers along the scaffold thickness through programming the deposition of heterogeneous nanofibers of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA). Confocal images of the scaffolds containing fluorophore-impregnated nanofibers demonstrated close matching of actual and designed gradient fiber patterns; thermal analyses further showed their matching in the composition. Using acid-terminated PLGA (PLGAac) and ester-terminated PLGA (PLGAes) to impregnate molecules in the PCL-PLGA scaffolds, we demonstrated for the first time their differences in nanofiber degeneration and molecular weight change during degradation. PLGAac nanofibers were more stable with gradual and steady increase in the fiber diameter during degradation, resulting in more spatially confined molecule delivery from PCL-PLGA scaffolds. Thus, patterns of PCL-PLGAac nanofibers were used to design versatile controlled delivery scaffolds. To test the hypothesis that molecule-impregnated PLGAac in the gradient-patterned PCL-PLGAac scaffolds can program various modalities of molecule release, model molecules, including small fluorophores and larger proteins, were respectively used for time-lapse release studies. Gradient-patterns were used as building blocks in the scaffolds to program simultaneous release of one or multiple proteins to one side or, respectively, to the opposite sides of scaffolds for up to 50 days. Results showed that the separation efficiency of molecule delivery from all the scaffolds with a thickness of 200 μm achieved >88% for proteins and >82% for small molecules. In addition to versatile spatially controlled delivery, micropatterns were designed to program sequential release of proteins. The hierarchically structured materials presented here may enable development of novel multifunctional scaffolds with defined 3D dynamic microenvironments for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Bonani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, BioTech Research Center and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, 38100, Italy
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, BioTech Research Center and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, 38100, Italy
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, BioTech Research Center and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, 38100, Italy
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Del Gaudio C, Fioravanzo L, Folin M, Marchi F, Ercolani E, Bianco A. Electrospun tubular scaffolds: on the effectiveness of blending poly(ε-caprolactone) with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:1883-98. [PMID: 22888010 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering can effectively contribute to the development of novel vascular prostheses aimed to overcome the well-known drawbacks of small-diameter grafts. To date, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), a bioresorbable synthetic poly(α-hydroxyester), is considered one of the most promising materials for vascular tissue engineering. In this work, the potential advantage of intimate blending soft PCL and hard poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), a polymer of microbial origin, has been evaluated. Nonwoven mats and small-diameter tubular scaffolds of PCL, PHBV, and PCL/PHBV were fabricated by means of electrospinning technique. Mechanical properties and suture retention strength were investigated according to the international standard for cardiovascular implants. Biological tests demonstrated that both PCL-based scaffolds supported survival and growth of rat cerebral endothelial cells in a short time. The fiber alignment of the electrospun tubular scaffolds contributed to a more rapid and homogeneous cell colonization of the luminal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Del Gaudio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, INSTM Research Unit Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Wang F, Li Z, Guan J. Fabrication of mesenchymal stem cells-integrated vascular constructs mimicking multiple properties of the native blood vessels. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 24:769-83. [PMID: 23594067 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2012.712029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-populated small diameter (6 mm) vascular constructs were fabricated. The constructs mimicked the native vessels in multiple levels, i.e. having similar structure and morphology to that of the extracellular matrix in the native blood vessels; recapitulating mechanical properties such as compliance and burst pressure of the native blood vessels; simulating the highly cellularized nature of the native blood vessels; and having an antithrombogenic lumen. The constructs were fabricated by simultaneously assembling poly(ester carbonate urethane) urea nanofibers and MSCs in an electrical field. The nanofibers had a diameter similar to that of the collagen and elastin fibers in the native blood vessels. MSCs were distributed evenly in the constructs. The constructs were highly cellularized when the cell loading density was exceeded 6 million/ml. The vascular constructs were strong and flexible with breaking strains of 144-202%, tensile strengths of 0.80-1.29 MPa, compliances of 13.23-21.96 × 10(-4 )mmHg(-1), stiffness indexes of 7.3-9.8, and burst pressures greater than 1700 mmHg. These mechanical properties were similar to those of the native blood vessels. In vitro platelet deposition experiments showed that platelet adhesion was remarkably decreased in the MSCs-populated constructs compared to that in the construct without MSCs. An increase in MSC density in the constructs further decreased platelet adhesion. When cultured in a spinner flask, MSCs maintained their mitochondria viability and cell number during a two-week culture period, as confirmed by MTT and dsDNA assays. These vascular constructs may hold the potential to regenerate functional small diameter vessels for cardiovascular tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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50
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Lee CH, Lim YC, Powell HM, Farson DF, Lannutti JJ. Electrospun vascular graft properties following femtosecond laser ablation. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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