1
|
Deka M, Sinha N, Das R, Hazarika NK, Das H, Daurai B, Gogoi M. A review on the surface modification of materials for 3D-printed diagnostic devices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:485-495. [PMID: 38167879 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01742g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing in tissue engineering and biosensing of analytes by using biocompatible materials or modifying surface structures is an upcoming area of study. This review discusses three common surface modification techniques, viz. alkaline hydrolysis, UV light photografting, and plasma treatment. Alkaline hydrolysis involves the reaction of an alkaline solution with the surface of a material, causing the surface to develop carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. This technique can enhance the biocompatibility, surface wettability, adhesion, printability, and dyeability of materials, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate, and polylactic acid (PLA). This review also mentions details about some of the surface-modified 3D-printed diagnostic devices. Although most of the devices are modified using chemical processes, there are always multiple techniques involved while designing a diagnostic device. We have, therefore, mentioned some of the devices based on the materials used instead of categorising them as per modification techniques. 3D printing helps in the design of sophisticated shapes and structures using multiple materials. They can, therefore be used even in the design of microfluidic devices that are very useful for biosensing. We have also mentioned a few materials for printing microfluidic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mridupaban Deka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Nibedita Sinha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Rajkamal Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Nihal Kumar Hazarika
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Hrishikesh Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Bethuel Daurai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Manashjit Gogoi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parvin Nejad S, Lecce M, Mirani B, Machado Siqueira N, Mirzaei Z, Santerre JP, Davies JE, Simmons CA. Serum- and xeno-free culture of human umbilical cord perivascular cells for pediatric heart valve tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:96. [PMID: 37076906 PMCID: PMC10116794 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constructs currently used to repair or replace congenitally diseased pediatric heart valves lack a viable cell population capable of functional adaptation in situ, necessitating repeated surgical intervention. Heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) can address these limitations by producing functional living tissue in vitro that holds the potential for somatic growth and remodelling upon implantation. However, clinical translation of HVTE strategies requires an appropriate source of autologous cells that can be non-invasively harvested from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-rich tissues and cultured under serum- and xeno-free conditions. To this end, we evaluated human umbilical cord perivascular cells (hUCPVCs) as a promising cell source for in vitro production of engineered heart valve tissue. METHODS The proliferative, clonogenic, multilineage differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis capacities of hUCPVCs were evaluated in a commercial serum- and xeno-free culture medium (StemMACS™) on tissue culture polystyrene and benchmarked to adult bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs). Additionally, the ECM synthesis potential of hUCPVCs was evaluated when cultured on polycarbonate polyurethane anisotropic electrospun scaffolds, a representative biomaterial for in vitro HVTE. RESULTS hUCPVCs had greater proliferative and clonogenic potential than BMMSCs in StemMACS™ (p < 0.05), without differentiation to osteogenic and adipogenic phenotypes associated with valve pathology. Furthermore, hUCPVCs cultured with StemMACS™ on tissue culture plastic for 14 days synthesized significantly more total collagen, elastin, and sulphated glycosaminoglycans (p < 0.05), the ECM constituents of the native valve, than BMMSCs. Finally, hUCPVCs retained their ECM synthesizing capacity after 14 and 21 days in culture on anisotropic electrospun scaffolds. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings establish an in vitro culture platform that uses hUCPVCs as a readily-available and non-invasively sourced autologous cell population and a commercial serum- and xeno-free culture medium to increase the translational potential of future pediatric HVTE strategies. This study evaluated the proliferative, differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis capacities of human umbilical cord perivascular cells (hUCPVCs) when cultured in serum- and xeno-free media (SFM) against conventionally used bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) and serum-containing media (SCM). Our findings support the use of hUCPVCs and SFM for in vitro heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) of autologous pediatric valve tissue. Figure created with BioRender.com.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouka Parvin Nejad
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Monica Lecce
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bahram Mirani
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nataly Machado Siqueira
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zahra Mirzaei
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John E Davies
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Tissue Regeneration Therapeutics, Toronto, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fadle Aziz MR, Wlodarek L, Alibhai F, Wu J, Li S, Sun Y, Santerre JP, Li RK. A Polypyrrole-Polycarbonate Polyurethane Elastomer Alleviates Cardiac Arrhythmias via Improving Bio-Conductivity. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203168. [PMID: 36849128 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis, resulting from myocardial infarction (MI), significantly alters cardiac electrophysiological properties. As fibrotic scar tissue forms, its resistance to incoming action potentials increases, leading to cardiac arrhythmia, and eventually sudden cardiac death or heart failure. Biomaterials are gaining increasing attention as an approach for addressing post-MI arrhythmias. The current study investigates the hypothesis that a bio-conductive epicardial patch can electrically synchronize isolated cardiomyocytes in vitro and rescue arrhythmic hearts in vivo. A new conceived biocompatible, conductive, and elastic polyurethane composite bio-membrane, referred to as polypyrrole-polycarbonate polyurethane (PPy-PCNU), is developed, in which solid-state conductive PPy nanoparticles are distributed throughout an electrospun aliphatic PCNU nanofiber patch in a controlled manner. Compared to PCNU alone, the resulting biocompatible patch demonstrates up to six times less impedance, with no conductivity loss over time, as well as being able to influence cellular alignment. Furthermore, PPy-PCNU promotes synchronous contraction of isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and alleviates atrial fibrillation in rat hearts upon epicardial implantation. Taken together, epicardially-implanted PPy-PCNU could potentially serve as a novel alternative approach for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monir Riasad Fadle Aziz
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, Translational Biology and Engineering Program at the Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Lukasz Wlodarek
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Faisal Alibhai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shuhong Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, Translational Biology and Engineering Program at the Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nadhif MH, Ghiffary MM, Irsyad M, Mazfufah NF, Nurhaliza F, Rahman SF, Rahyussalim AJ, Kurniawati T. Anatomically and Biomechanically Relevant Monolithic Total Disc Replacement Made of 3D-Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194160. [PMID: 36236107 PMCID: PMC9571194 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Various implant treatments, including total disc replacements, have been tried to treat lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, which is claimed to be the main contributor of lower back pain. The treatments, however, come with peripheral issues. This study proposes a novel approach that complies with the anatomical features of IVD, the so-called monolithic total disc replacement (MTDR). As the name suggests, the MTDR is a one-part device that consists of lattice and rigid structures to mimic the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, respectively. The MTDR can be made of two types of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 87A and TPU 95A) and fabricated using a 3D printing approach: fused filament fabrication. The MTDR design involves two configurations—the full lattice (FLC) and anatomy-based (ABC) configurations. The MTDR is evaluated in terms of its physical, mechanical, and cytotoxicity properties. The physical characterization includes the geometrical evaluations, wettability measurements, degradability tests, and swelling tests. The mechanical characterization comprises compressive tests of the materials, an analytical approach using the Voigt model of composite, and a finite element analysis. The cytotoxicity assays include the direct assay using hemocytometry and the indirect assay using a tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTS) assay. The geometrical evaluation shows that the fabrication results are tolerable, and the two materials have good wettability and low degradation rates. The mechanical characterization shows that the ABC-MTDR has more similar mechanical properties to an IVD than the FLC-MTDR. The cytotoxicity assays prove that the materials are non-cytotoxic, allowing cells to grow on the surfaces of the materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif Nadhif
- Medical Physiology and Biophysics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (M.H.N.); (A.J.R.); Tel.: +62-21-31-555-76 (M.H.N.)
| | - Muhammad Maulana Ghiffary
- Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Irsyad
- Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Nuzli Fahdia Mazfufah
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Fakhira Nurhaliza
- Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Siti Fauziyah Rahman
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine/Ciptomangunkusumo Central Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Integrated Service Unit of Stem Cell Medical Technology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (M.H.N.); (A.J.R.); Tel.: +62-21-31-555-76 (M.H.N.)
| | - Tri Kurniawati
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Integrated Service Unit of Stem Cell Medical Technology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Chan JPY, Wu J, Li R, Santerre JP. Compatibility and function of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes on an electrospun nanofibrous scaffold, generated from an ionomeric polyurethane composite. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1932-1943. [PMID: 35851742 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic scaffolds are needed for generating organized neo-myocardium constructs to promote functional tissue repair. This study investigated the biocompatibility of an elastomeric electrospun degradable polar/hydrophobic/ionic polyurethane (D-PHI) composite scaffold with human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). The composite material was electrospun to generate scaffolds, with nanofibres oriented in aligned or random directions. These features enabled the authors to evaluate the effect of characteristic elements which mimic that of the native extracellular matrix (alignment, chemical heterogeneity, and fiber topography) on hiPSC-CMs activity. The functional nature of the hiPSC-CM cultured on gelatin and Matrigel-coated scaffolds were assessed, investigating the influence of protein interactions with the synthetic substrate on subsequent cell phenotype. After 7 days of culture, high hiPSC-CM viability was observed on the scaffolds. The cells on the aligned scaffold were elongated and demonstrated aligned sarcomeres that oriented parallel to the direction of the fibers, while the cells on random scaffolds and a tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) control did not exhibit such an organized morphology. The hiPSC-CMs cultured on the scaffolds and TCPS expressed similar levels of cardiac troponin-T, but there was a higher expression of ventricular myosin light chain-2 on the D-PHI composite scaffolds versus TCPS, indicating a higher proportion of hiPSC-CM exhibiting a ventricular cardiomyocyte like phenotype. Within 7 days, the hiPSC-CMs on aligned scaffolds and TCPS beat synchronously and had similar conductive velocities. These preliminary results show that aligned D-PHI elastomeric scaffolds allow hiPSC-CMs to demonstrate important cardiomyocytes characteristics, critical to enabling their future potential use for cardiac tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jennifer P. Y. Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Baylis Medical Mississauga Ontario Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ren‐Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - J. Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Design of a Mechanobioreactor to Apply Anisotropic, Biaxial Strain to Large Thin Biomaterials for Tissue Engineered Heart Valve Applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:1073-1089. [PMID: 35622208 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Repair and replacement solutions for congenitally diseased heart valves capable of post-surgery growth and adaptation have remained elusive. Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) offer a potential biological solution that addresses the drawbacks of existing valve replacements. Typically, TEHVs are made from thin, fibrous biomaterials that either become cell populated in vitro or in situ. Often, TEHV designs poorly mimic the anisotropic mechanical properties of healthy native valves leading to inadequate biomechanical function. Mechanical conditioning of engineered tissues with anisotropic strain application can induce extracellular matrix remodelling to alter the anisotropic mechanical properties of a construct, but implementation has been limited to small-scale set-ups. To address this limitation for TEHV applications, we designed and built a mechanobioreactor capable of modulating biaxial strain anisotropy applied to large, thin, biomaterial sheets in vitro. The bioreactor can independently control two orthogonal stretch axes to modulate applied strain anisotropy on biomaterial sheets from 13 × 13 mm2 to 70 × 40 mm2. A design of experiments was performed using experimentally validated finite element (FE) models and demonstrated that biaxial strain was applied uniformly over a larger percentage of the cell seeded area for larger sheets (13 × 13 mm2: 58% of sheet area vs. 52 × 31 mm2: 86% of sheet area). Furthermore, bioreactor prototypes demonstrated that over 70% of the cell seeding area remained uniformly strained under different prescribed protocols: equibiaxial amplitudes between 5 to 40%, cyclic frequencies between 0.1 to 2.5 Hz and anisotropic strain ratios between 0:1 (constrained uniaxial) to 2:1. Lastly, proof-of-concept experiments were conducted where we applied equibiaxial (εx = εy = 8.75%) and anisotropic (εx = 12.5%, εy = 5%) strain protocols to cell-seeded, electrospun scaffolds. Cell nuclei and F-actin aligned to the vector-sum strain direction of each prescribed protocol (nuclei alignment: equibiaxial: 43.2° ± 1.8°, anisotropic: 17.5° ± 1.7°; p < 0.001). The abilities of this bioreactor to prescribe different strain amplitude, frequency and strain anisotropy protocols to cell-seeded scaffolds will enable future studies into the effects of anisotropic loading protocols on mechanically conditioned TEHVs and other engineered planar connective tissues.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li C, Chen J, Lv Y, Liu Y, Guo Q, Wang J, Wang C, Hu P, Liu Y. Recent Progress in Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Degenerated Intervertebral Disc Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:16-31. [PMID: 34913688 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Annulus fibrosus fissure and fibrosis of nucleus pulposus are severe morphological characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration. Currently, surgery or drugs are used to relieve pain in such cases. Tissue engineering is a new multidisciplinary strategy with great potential for use in joint replacement and organ regeneration. Based on the natural anatomy of intervertebral discs, intervertebral disc scaffolds are fabricated by exploiting the special arrangement of extracellular matrix fibers. Electrospun nanofibers possess clear advantages in repairing degenerated intervertebral discs. This article reviews and summarizes recently developed methods for improving and fabricating electrospun nanofiber annulus fibrosus scaffolds in terms of nanofiber alignment, material selection, loading additives, and the progress made in combining other advanced technologies with electrospun nanofibers. In addition, the improvement in mechanical properties and biocompatibility of nucleus pulposus scaffolds by electrospun nanofiber-reinforced hydrogels is discussed. Finally, complete intervertebral disc scaffolds can be fabricated using the disc-like angle-ply structure and other emerging fabrication methods. Taken together, electrospun nanofiber intervertebral disc scaffolds are promising for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yarong Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yueqi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shirzad M, Zolfagharian A, Matbouei A, Bodaghi M. Design, evaluation, and optimization of 3D printed truss scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 120:104594. [PMID: 34029944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One of tissue engineering's main goals is to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with interconnected pores to reconstruct and regenerate damaged or deformed tissues and organs. In this regard, 3D printing is a promising technique for the fabrication of tissue scaffolds, which can precisely make predetermined and complicated architectures. This study aims to investigate and optimize the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of 3D truss architecture tissue scaffolds with different pore geometries. The mechanical properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) scaffolds are analysed experimentally and numerically. Furthermore, the mechanical and physical properties of scaffolds are optimized with response surface methodology (RSM), and cell adhesion of the 3D truss scaffold studies. Results demonstrate that mechanical properties of the simple and gradient scaffolds have different mechanical behaviors that are strongly correlated with pore size and their architectures, rather than merely the values of the porosity. It is also observed that the RSM technique can enable designers to enhance mechanical and physical properties of scaffolds at low cost. Moreover, the results of biological behaviour can endorse the reliability of 3D truss architecture in bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Shirzad
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - A Zolfagharian
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - A Matbouei
- Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
De Pieri A, Byerley AM, Musumeci CR, Salemizadehparizi F, Vanderhorst MA, Wuertz‐Kozak K. Electrospinning and 3D bioprinting for intervertebral disc tissue engineering. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e1117. [PMID: 33392454 PMCID: PMC7770193 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain and represents a massive socioeconomic burden. Current conservative and surgical treatments fail to restore native tissue architecture and functionality. Tissue engineering strategies, especially those based on 3D bioprinting and electrospinning, have emerged as possible alternatives by producing cell-seeded scaffolds that replicate the structure of the IVD extracellular matrix. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements and limitations of 3D bioprinting and electrospinning for the treatment of IVD degeneration, focusing on future areas of research that may contribute to their clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Pieri
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of Technology (RIT)RochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Ann M. Byerley
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of Technology (RIT)RochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Catherine R. Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of Technology (RIT)RochesterNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Maya A. Vanderhorst
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of Technology (RIT)RochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Karin Wuertz‐Kozak
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of Technology (RIT)RochesterNew YorkUSA
- Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine CenterAcademic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (AU)MunichGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tarafder S, Park GY, Felix J, Lee CH. Bioadhesives for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:77-92. [PMID: 33031966 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural or synthetic materials designed to adhere to biological components, bioadhesives, have received significant attention in clinics and surgeries. As a result, there are several commercially available, FDA-approved bioadhesives used for skin wound closure, hemostasis, and sealing tissue gaps or cracks in soft tissues. Recently, the application of bioadhesives has been expanded to various areas including musculoskeletal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The instant establishment of a strong adhesion force on tissue surfaces has shown potential to augment repair of connective tissues. Bioadhesives have also been applied to secure tissue grafts to host bodies and to fill or seal gaps in musculoskeletal tissues caused by injuries or degenerative diseases. In addition, the injectability equipped with the instant adhesion formation may provide the great potential of bioadhesives as vehicles for localized delivery of cells, growth factors, and small molecules to facilitate tissue healing and regeneration. This review covers recent research progress in bioadhesives as focused on their applications in musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration. We also discuss the advantages and outstanding challenges of bioadhesives, as well as the future perspective toward regeneration of connective tissues with high mechanical demand.
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang G, Zhou B, Li F, Wang W, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu C, Ye X. Advances of Naturally Derived and Synthetic Hydrogels for Intervertebral Disk Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:745. [PMID: 32714917 PMCID: PMC7344321 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is associated with most cases of cervical and lumbar spine pathologies, amongst which chronic low back pain has become the primary cause for loss of quality-adjusted life years. Biomaterials science and tissue engineering have made significant progress in the replacement, repair and regeneration of IVD tissue, wherein hydrogel has been recognized as an ideal biomaterial to promote IVD regeneration in recent years. Aspects such as ease of use, mechanical properties, regenerative capacity, and their applicability as carriers for regenerative and anti-degenerative factors determine their suitability for IVD regeneration. This current review provides an overview of naturally derived and synthetic hydrogels that are related to their clinical applications for IVD regeneration. Although each type has its own unique advantages, it rarely becomes a standard product in truly clinical practice, and a more rational design is proposed for future use of biomaterials for IVD regeneration. This review aims to provide a starting point and inspiration for future research work on development of novel biomaterials and biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoke Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Weiheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chong JE, Santerre JP, Kandel RA. Generation of an in vitro model of the outer annulus fibrosus-cartilage interface. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e1089. [PMID: 32613164 PMCID: PMC7323466 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for degenerative disc disease do not restore full biological functionality of the intervertebral disc (IVD). As a result, regenerative medicine approaches are being developed to generate a biological replacement that when implanted will restore form and function of the degenerated IVD. Tissue-engineered models to date have focused on the generation of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus IVD components. However, these tissues need to be integrated with a cartilage endplate in order for successful implantation to occur. The purpose of this study was to generate an in vitro annulus fibrosus-cartilage interface model which would enable us to better understand the biological and biomechanical implications of such interfaces. It was hypothesized that in vitro-formed outer annulus fibrosus (OAF) and cartilage tissues would integrate in direct-contact coculture to yield an interface containing extracellular matrix with aspects resembling the native OAF-CEP interface. In vitro-formed tissues were generated using bovine OAF cell-seeded angle-ply, multi-lamellated polycarbonate urethane scaffolds and articular chondrocytes, which were then placed in direct-contact coculture. 2-week old OAF tissues integrated with 3-day old cartilage by 1 week of coculture. Immunohistochemical staining of 2-week interfaces showed that distributions of collagen type I, collagen type II, and aggrecan were similar to the native bovine interface. The apparent tensile strength of the in vitro interface increased significantly between 2 and 4 weeks of coculture. In summary, an annulus fibrosus-cartilage interface model can be formed in vitro which will facilitate the identification of conditions required to generate an entire tissue-engineered disc replacement suitable for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine E. Chong
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - J. Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Faculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Rita A. Kandel
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Du J, Long R, Nakai T, Sakai D, Benneker L, Zhou G, Li B, Eglin D, Iatridis J, Alini M, Grad S, Li Z. Functional cell phenotype induction with TGF-β1 and collagen-polyurethane scaffold for annulus fibrosus rupture repair. Eur Cell Mater 2020; 39:1-17. [PMID: 31899537 PMCID: PMC7027376 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v039a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate cell sources, bioactive factors and biomaterials for generation of functional and integrated annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue analogues are still an unmet need. In the present study, the AF cell markers, collagen type I, cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146), mohawk (MKX) and smooth muscle protein 22α (SM22α) were found to be suitable indicators of functional AF cell induction. In vitro 2D culture of human AF cells showed that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) upregulated the expression of the functional AF markers and increased cell contractility, indicating that TGF-β1-pre-treated AF cells were an appropriate cell source for AF tissue regeneration. Furthermore, a tissue engineered construct, composed of polyurethane (PU) scaffold with a TGF-β1-supplemented collagen type I hydrogel and human AF cells, was evaluated with in vitro 3D culture and ex vivo preclinical bioreactor-loaded organ culture models. The collagen type I hydrogel helped maintaining the AF functional phenotype. TGF-β1 supplement within the collagen I hydrogel further promoted cell proliferation and matrix production of AF cells within in vitro 3D culture. In the ex vivo IVD organ culture model with physiologically relevant mechanical loading, TGF-β1 supplement in the transplanted constructs induced the functional AF cell phenotype and enhanced collagen matrix synthesis. In conclusion, TGF-β1-containing collagen-PU constructs can induce the functional cell phenotype of human AF cells in vitro and in situ. This combined cellular, biomaterial and bioactive agent therapy has a great potential for AF tissue regeneration and rupture repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Du
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - R.G. Long
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - T. Nakai
- Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - D. Sakai
- Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - L.M. Benneker
- Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - G. Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - B. Li
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - D. Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - J.C. Iatridis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M. Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - S. Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Z. Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Program Annulus Fibrosus Repair, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland,Address for correspondence: Zhen Li, PhD, AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland. Telephone number: +41 814142325
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sheikholeslam M, Wright MEE, Cheng N, Oh HH, Wang Y, Datu AK, Santerre JP, Amini-Nik S, Jeschke MG. Electrospun Polyurethane–Gelatin Composite: A New Tissue-Engineered Scaffold for Application in Skin Regeneration and Repair of Complex Wounds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:505-516. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Sheikholeslam
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | | | - Nan Cheng
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Hwan Hee Oh
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Yanran Wang
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Andrea K. Datu
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Marc G. Jeschke
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Metwally S, Stachewicz U. Surface potential and charges impact on cell responses on biomaterials interfaces for medical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
16
|
Chan JP, Battiston KG, Santerre JP. Synthesis and characterization of electrospun nanofibrous tissue engineering scaffolds generated from in situ polymerization of ionomeric polyurethane composites. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:161-174. [PMID: 31254683 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue scaffolds need to be engineered to be cell compatible, have timely biodegradable character, be functional with respect to providing niche cell support for tissue repair and regeneration, readily accommodate multiple cell types, and have mechanical properties that enable the simulation of the native tissue. In this study, electrospun degradable polar hydrophobic ionic polyurethane (D-PHI) scaffolds were generated in order to yield an extracellular matrix-like structure for tissue engineering applications. D-PHI oligomers were synthesized, blended with a degradable linear polycarbonate polyurethane (PCNU), and electrospun with simultaneous in situ UV cross-linking in order to generate aligned nanofibrous scaffolds in the form of elastomeric composite materials. The D-PHI/PCNU scaffold fibre morphology, cross-linking efficiency, surface nature, mechanical properties, in vivo degradation and integration, as well as in vitro cell compatibility were characterized. The results showed that D-PHI/PCNU scaffolds had a high cross-linking efficiency, stronger polar nature, and lower stiffness relative to PCNU scaffolds. In vivo, the D-PHI/PCNU scaffold degraded relatively slowly, thereby enabling new tissue time to form and yielding very good integration with the latter tissue. Based on a study with A10 vascular smooth muscle cells, the D-PHI/PCNU scaffold was able to support high cell viability, adhesion, and expression of typical smooth muscle cell markers after a 7-day culture period, which was comparable to PCNU scaffolds. These characterization results demonstrate that the unique properties of a D-PHI/PCNU scaffold, combined with the benefits of electrospinning, could allow for the generation of a tissue engineered scaffold that mimics important aspects of the native extracellular matrix and could be used for functional tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tissue engineered scaffolds should recapitulate native extracellular matrix features. This study investigates the processing of a classical polycarbonate polyurethane (PCNU) with a cross-linked and degradable ionomeric polyurethane (D-PHI), polymerized via in situ rapid light curing to yield a 3-dimensional co-electrospun nanofibre matrix with chemical diversity and low modulus character. This research advances the use of D-PHI for tissue engineering applications by providing a facile means of changing physical and chemical properties in classical PCNUs without the need to adjust spinning viscosities of the base polymer. Further, the in vivo and cell culture findings set the stage for introducing unique elastic materials which inherently support wound healing, repair, and regeneration in tissues, for applications that require the recapitulation of native extracellular matrix physical features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kyle G Battiston
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Agnol LD, Dias FTG, Nicoletti NF, Marinowic D, Moura E Silva S, Marcos-Fernandez A, Falavigna A, Bianchi O. Polyurethane tissue adhesives for annulus fibrosus repair: Mechanical restoration and cytotoxicity. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:673-686. [PMID: 31354030 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219864901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Dall Agnol
- 1 Health Sciences Graduate Program, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Marinowic
- 4 Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura E Silva
- 1 Health Sciences Graduate Program, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,5 Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Asdrubal Falavigna
- 1 Health Sciences Graduate Program, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,3 Cell Therapy Laboratory (LATEC), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Otávio Bianchi
- 1 Health Sciences Graduate Program, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,2 Materials Science Graduate Program (PGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,7 Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Materials engineering department, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dias FTG, Ingracio AR, Nicoletti NF, Menezes FC, Dall Agnol L, Marinowic DR, Soares RMD, da Costa JC, Falavigna A, Bianchi O. Soybean-modified polyamide-6 mats as a long-term cutaneous wound covering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:957-968. [PMID: 30889770 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Engineered skin coverings have been adopted clinically to support extensive and deep wounds that result in fewer healthy skin remaining and therefore take longer to heal. Nonetheless, these biomaterials demand intensive labor and an expensive final cost. In comparison to conventional bandages, which do not meet all the requirements of wound care, electrospun fiber mats could potentially provide an excellent environment for healing. In this work, we developed two nanostructured scaffolds based on polyamide-6 (PA-6) to be tested as a wound covering in a rat model of full-thickness incisional wound healing. The central idea was to create a bioconstruct that is simple to implement and biologically safe, with a high survival rate, which provides physical support and biological recognition for new functional tissues. An unmodified PA-6 and a soybean-modified PA-6 were employed as nanofibrillar matrices in this study. The biomaterials showed a dimensional homology to natural extracellular matrix components and neither in vitro toxicity nor in vivo side effects. Both polymeric scaffolds were resistant to the sterilization process and could promote the attachment of 3T3 fibroblast cells, besides successfully incorporating the growth factor PDGF-BB, which had its bioactivity extended for up to 12 h under simulated conditions. The modification of PA-6 chains with a fatty acid derivative increased the scaffold's surface free energy, favoring cell proliferation, collagen formation, and ECM secretion. These results confirm the potential of these materials as a topical dermal covering for skin regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felipe Castro Menezes
- Poli-BIO, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Dall Agnol
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rodrigo Marinowic
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Michele Duarte Soares
- Poli-BIO, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Asdrubal Falavigna
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil; Cell Therapy Laboratory (LATEC), Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Otávio Bianchi
- Materials Science Graduate Program (PGMAT), Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stocco TD, Bassous NJ, Zhao S, Granato AEC, Webster TJ, Lobo AO. Nanofibrous scaffolds for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12228-12255. [PMID: 29947408 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an emergent and very interesting research field, providing potential solutions for a myriad of challenges in healthcare. Fibrous scaffolds specifically have shown promise as an effective tissue engineering method, as their high length-to-width ratio mimics that of extracellular matrix components, which in turn guides tissue formation, promotes cellular adhesion and improves mechanical properties. In this review paper, we discuss in detail both the importance of fibrous scaffolds for the promotion of tissue growth and the different methods to produce fibrous biomaterials to possess favorable and unique characteristics. Here, we focus on the pressing need to develop biomimetic structures that promote an ideal environment to encourage tissue formation. In addition, we discuss different biomedical applications in which fibrous scaffolds can be useful, identifying their importance, relevant aspects, and remaining significant challenges. In conclusion, we provide comments on the future direction of fibrous scaffolds and the best way to produce them, proposed in light of recent technological advances and the newest and most promising fabrication techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago D Stocco
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Agnol LD, Gonzalez Dias FT, Nicoletti NF, Falavigna A, Bianchi O. Polyurethane as a strategy for annulus fibrosus repair and regeneration: a systematic review. Regen Med 2018; 13:611-626. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Disc herniation is a spine disease that leads to suffering and disability. Discectomy is a Janus-faced approach that relieves pain symptoms but leave the intervertebral discs predisposed to herniation. This systematic review discussed the mechanical and biological requirements for a polyurethane-based biomaterial to be used in annular repair. Methods: Search strategy was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to define the main mechanical properties, biological findings and follow-up aspects of these biomaterials. The range was limited to articles published from January 2000 to December 2017 in English language. Results: The search identified 82 articles. From these, a total of 18 articles underwent a full-text analysis, and 16 studies were included in the review. Conclusion: The polyurethane presents suitable properties to be used as an engineered solution to re-establish the microenvironment and biomechanical features of the intervertebral disc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Dall Agnol
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Fontana Nicoletti
- Cell Therapy Laboratory (LATEC), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Asdrubal Falavigna
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Cell Therapy Laboratory (LATEC), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Otávio Bianchi
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Materials Science Postgraduate Program, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Iu J, Santerre JP, Kandel RA. Towards engineering distinct multi-lamellated outer and inner annulus fibrosus tissues. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1346-1355. [PMID: 29088511 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc (IVD) has a zonal distribution of phenotypically distinct cells. The outer AF (OAF) cells produce an extracellular matrix (ECM) rich in type I collagen with little proteoglycans, whereas the ECM of the inner AF (IAF) has abundant type II collagen and proteoglycans. The inhomogeneous distribution of the ECM in the AF may reflect the complex mechanical forces that the IVD experiences. A bioengineered AF tissue should recapitulate both the inner and outer zones in order to have proper functionality. The aim of this study is to generate multi-lamellated OAF and IAF tissues with ECM compositions that resemble their zonal origin using polycarbonate urethane (PU) scaffolds. It was observed that supplementation of the media with insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) and proline yielded tissues with good cellularity. However, IAF cells accumulated only type I collagen, similar to OAF cells. Addition of dexamethasone and sodium pyruvate induced the accumulation of IAF tissues rich in type II collagen and aggrecan, without altering the accumulation of type I collagen in OAF tissues. Dexamethasone stimulated mitochondrial membrane potential in both tissues in the presence of sodium pyruvate, suggesting a relationship between the mitochondrial aerobic respiratory state and dexamethasone signalling during the in vitro-tissue formation by OAF and IAF cells. Inhibition of the glucocorticoid receptor blocked the stimulation of mitochondrial membrane potentials and type II collagen accumulation. In summary, biologically distinct multi-lamellated OAF and IAF tissues can be generated, which will facilitate advancement towards the goal of engineering a biological IVD replacement. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1346-1355, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Iu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 25 Orde Street, Room 5-1013, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3H7, Canada.,BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, and University of Toronto, 600 University Ave, Ste 6-500, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 25 Orde Street, Room 5-1013, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Rita A Kandel
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 25 Orde Street, Room 5-1013, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3H7, Canada.,BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, and University of Toronto, 600 University Ave, Ste 6-500, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma J, He Y, Liu X, Chen W, Wang A, Lin CY, Mo X, Ye X. A novel electrospun-aligned nanoyarn/three-dimensional porous nanofibrous hybrid scaffold for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1553-1567. [PMID: 29588584 PMCID: PMC5858820 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s143990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herniation of the nucleus pulposus (NP) because of defects in the annulus fibrosus (AF) is a well-known cause of low back pain. Defects in the AF thus remain a surgical challenge, and efforts have been made to develop new techniques for closure and repair. In this study, we developed an electrospun aligned nanoyarn scaffold (AYS) and nanoyarn/three-dimensional porous nanofibrous hybrid scaffold (HS) for AF tissue engineering. Methods The AYS was fabricated via conjugated electrospinning, while the aligned nanofibrous scaffold (AFS) was prepared by traditional electrospinning as a baseline scaffold. The HS was constructed by freeze-drying and cross-linking methods. Scanning electron microscopy and mechanical measurement were used to characterize the properties of these scaffolds. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on scaffolds, and cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay, while cell infiltration and differentiation were assessed by histological measurement and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results Morphological measurements showed that AYS presented a relatively better three-dimensional structure with larger pore sizes, higher porosity, and better fibers’ alignment compared to AFS. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the tensile property of AFS and AYS was qualitatively similar to the native AF tissue, albeit to a lesser extent. When BMSCs were seeded and cultured on these scaffolds, the number of cells cultured on HS and AYS was found to be significantly higher than that on AFS and culture plate after 7 days of culture (P<0.05). In addition, cell infiltration was significantly higher in HS when compared with AFS and AYS (P<0.05). A part of BMSCs ingressed into the inner part of AYS upon long-term in vitro culture. No significant difference was observed between AFS and AYS in terms of the median infiltration depth (P>0.05). BMSCs seeded on AYS demonstrated an increased expression of COL1A1, while the expression levels of SOX-9, COL2A1, and Aggrecan were higher in HS compared to other scaffolds (P<0.05). Conclusion These findings indicate that HS makes a proper scaffold for the AF tissue engineering as it replicates the axial compression and tensile property of AF, thereby providing a better platform for cell infiltration and cell–scaffold interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Yunfei He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai.,Department of Spinal Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command Region, Lanzhou
| | - Xilin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Weiming Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University
| | - An Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai.,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Armed Police Force Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- Structural Tissue Evaluation and Engineering Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiumei Mo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wright MEE, Wong AT, Levitt D, Parrag IC, Yang M, Santerre JP. Influence of ciprofloxacin-based additives on the hydrolysis of nanofiber polyurethane membranes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1211-1222. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. E. Wright
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1M1 Canada
| | - Andrew T. Wong
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1M1 Canada
| | - Daniel Levitt
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1M1 Canada
| | - Ian C. Parrag
- Interface Biologics Inc.; Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Meilin Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1G6 Canada
| | - J. Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1M1 Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1G6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu LC, Kuo YJ, Sun FW, Chen CH, Chiang CJ, Weng PW, Tsuang YH, Huang YY. Optimized decellularization protocol including α-Gal epitope reduction for fabrication of an acellular porcine annulus fibrosus scaffold. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 18:383-396. [PMID: 28342099 PMCID: PMC5587617 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in tissue engineering have led to potential new strategies, especially decellularization protocols from natural tissues, for the repair, replacement, and regeneration of intervertebral discs. This study aimed to validate our previously reported method for the decellularization of annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue and to quantify potentially antigenic α-Gal epitopes in the decellularized tissue. Porcine AF tissue was decellularized using different freeze-thaw temperatures, chemical detergents, and incubation times in order to determine the optimal method for cell removal. The integrity of the decellularized material was determined using biochemical and mechanical tests. The α-Gal epitope was quantified before and after decellularization. Decellularization with freeze-thaw in liquid nitrogen, an ionic detergent (0.1% SDS), and a 24 h incubation period yielded the greatest retention of GAG and collagen relative to DNA reduction when tested as single variables. Combined, these optimal decellularization conditions preserved more GAG while removing the same amount of DNA as the conditions used in our previous study. Components and biomechanical properties of the AF matrix were retained. The decellularized AF scaffold exhibited suitable immune-compatibility, as evidenced by successful in vivo remodeling and a decrease in the α-Gal epitope. Our study defined the optimal conditions for decellularization of porcine AF tissues while preserving the biological composition and mechanical properties of the scaffold. Under these conditions, immunocompatibility was evidenced by successful in vivo remodeling and reduction of the α-Gal epitope in the decellularized material. Decellularized AF scaffolds are potential candidates for clinical applications in spinal surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Chen Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wen Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsien Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jung Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hwei Tsuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-You Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Iu J, Massicotte E, Li SQ, Hurtig MB, Toyserkani E, Santerre JP, Kandel RA. * In Vitro Generated Intervertebral Discs: Toward Engineering Tissue Integration. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1001-1010. [PMID: 28486045 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is composed of nucleus pulposus (NP) surrounded by multilamellated annulus fibrosus (AF), and is located between the vertebral bodies. Current treatments for chronic neck or low back pain do not completely restore the functionality of degenerated IVDs. Thus, developing biological disc replacements is an approach of great interest. Given the complex structure of the IVD, tissue engineering of the individual IVD components and then combining them together may be the only way to achieve this. The engineered disc must then be able to integrate into the host spine to ensure mechanical stability. The goal of this study was to generate an integrated model of an IVD in vitro. Multilamellated AF tissues were generated in vitro using aligned nanofibrous polycarbonate urethane scaffolds and AF cells. After 3 weeks in culture, it was placed around NP tissue formed on and integrated with a porous bone substitute material (calcium polyphosphate). The two tissues were cocultured to fabricate the IVD model. The AF tissue composed of six lamellae containing type I collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) and the NP tissue had type II collagen- and aggrecan-rich ECM. Immunofluorescence studies showed both type I and II collagen at the AF-NP interface. There was evidence of integration of the tissues. The peel test for AF lamellae showed an interlamellar shear stress of 0.03 N/mm. The AF and NP were integrated as the pushout test demonstrated that the AF-NP interface had significantly increased mechanical stability by 2 weeks of coculture. To evaluate if these tissues remained integrated, allogeneic IVD model constructs were implanted into defects freshly made in the NP-inner AF and bone of the bovine coccygeal spine. One month postimplantation, the interfaces between the AF lamellae remained intact and there was integration with the host AF tissue. No inflammatory reaction was noted at this time period. In summary, an engineered IVD implant with mechanically stable integration between AF lamellae and AF-NP can be generated in vitro. Further study is required to scale up the size of this construct and evaluate its ability to serve as a biological disc replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Iu
- 1 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .,2 BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric Massicotte
- 3 Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Shu-Qiu Li
- 3 Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark B Hurtig
- 4 Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | - Ehsan Toyserkani
- 5 Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- 1 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Rita A Kandel
- 1 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada .,2 BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tavakoli J. Tissue Engineering of the Intervertebral Disc's Annulus Fibrosus: A Scaffold-Based Review Study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:81-91. [PMID: 30603465 PMCID: PMC6171584 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering as a high technology solution for treating disc's problem has been the focus of some researches recently; however, the upcoming successful results in this area depends on understanding the complexities of biology and engineering interface. Whereas the major responsibility of the nucleus pulposus is to provide a sustainable hydrated environment within the disc, the function of the annulus fibrosus (AF) is more mechanical, facilitating joint mobility and preventing radial bulging by confining of the central part, which makes the AF reconstruction important. Although the body of knowledge regarding the AF tissue engineering has grown rapidly, the opportunities to improve current understanding of how artificial scaffolds are able to mimic the AF concentric structure-including inter-lamellar matrix and cross-bridges-addressed unresolved research questions. The aim of this literature review was to collect and discuss, from the international scientific literature, information about tissue engineering of the AF based on scaffold fabrication and material properties, useful for developing new strategies in disc tissue engineering. The key parameter of this research was understanding if role of cross-bridges and inter-lamellar matrix has been considered on tissue engineering of the AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Tavakoli
- Medical Device Research Institute, School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wright ME, Parrag IC, Yang M, Santerre JP. Electrospun polyurethane nanofiber scaffolds with ciprofloxacin oligomer versus free ciprofloxacin: Effect on drug release and cell attachment. J Control Release 2017; 250:107-115. [PMID: 28192154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An electrospun degradable polycarbonate urethane (PCNU) nanofiber scaffold loaded with antibiotic was investigated in terms of antibacterial efficacy and cell compatibility for potential use in gingival tissue engineering. Antimicrobial oligomer (AO), a compound which consists of two molecules of ciprofloxacin (CF) covalently bound via hydrolysable linkages to triethylene glycol (TEG), was incorporated via a one-step blend electrospinning process using a single solvent system at 7 and 15% w/w equivalent CF with respect to the PCNU. The oligomeric form of the drug was used to overcome the challenge of drug aggregation and burst release when antibiotics are incorporated as free drug. Electrospinning parameters were optimized to obtain scaffolds with similar alignment and fiber diameter to non-drug loaded fibers. AO that diffused from the fibers was hydrolysed to release CF slowly and in a linear manner over the duration of the study, whereas scaffolds with CF at the same concentration but in free form showed a burst release within 1h with no further release throughout the study duration. Human gingival fibroblast (HGF) adhesion and spreading was dependent on the concentration and form the CF was loaded (AO vs. free CF), which was attributed in part to differences in scaffold surface chemistry. Surface segregation of AO was quantified using surface-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These findings are encouraging and support further investigation for the use of AO as a means of attenuating the rapid release of drug loaded into nanofibers. The study also demonstrates through quantitative measures that drug additives have the potential to surface-locate without phase separating from the fibers, leading to fast dissolution and differential fibroblast cell attachment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Ee Wright
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian C Parrag
- Interface Biologics Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meilin Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Interface Biologics Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fibronectin adsorption on surface-modified polyetherurethanes and their differentiated effect on specific blood elements related to inflammatory and clotting processes. Biointerphases 2016; 11:029809. [PMID: 27246517 DOI: 10.1116/1.4950887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
After the introduction of a medical device into the body, adhesive proteins such as fibronectin (Fn) will adsorb to the surface of the biomaterial. Monocytes (MCs) will interact with these adsorbed proteins, and adopt either a proinflammatory and/or prowound healing phenotype, thereby influencing many blood interaction events including thrombogenesis. In this work, Fn adsorption as well as subsequent MC response and thrombus formation were investigated on two surfaces-modified polyetherurethanes (PEUs) using different surface modifiers: an anionic/dihydroxyl oligomeric (ADO) additive, known to enable cell adhesion, and a fluorinated polypropylene oxide oligomer (PPO), known to reduce platelet adhesion. Results indicated that at 24 h of MC culture, PEU-ADO and PEU-PPO promoted an anti-inflammatory character relative to the base PEU. Longer clotting times, based on a free hemoglobin assay, were also found on the two surface-modified PEUs relative to the native one, suggesting their potential for the reduction of thrombus formation. In presence of a Fn monolayer, the surface-modified PEUs conserved a lower thrombogenic character than the base PEU, and was however significantly decreased when compared to prior protein adsorption. Furthermore, Fn coatings increased the MC production levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 at 24 h, while not affecting the anti-inflammatory effect of the modifications relative to the base PEU. This finding was most prominent on PEU-PPO, suggesting that the interaction of the adsorbed Fn with blood cells was different for the two additives. Hence, the results highlighted differentiating effects of Fn adsorption on specific blood activating processes related to inflammatory and thrombotic responses.
Collapse
|
29
|
Khan M, Yang J, Shi C, Feng Y, Zhang W, Gibney K, Tew GN. Manipulation of polycarbonate urethane bulk properties via incorporated zwitterionic polynorbornene for tissue engineering applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14608e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
30
|
Wu LC, Chiang CJ, Liu ZH, Tsuang YH, Sun JS, Huang YY. Fabrication and properties of acellular porcine anulus fibrosus for tissue engineering in spine surgery. J Orthop Surg Res 2014; 9:118. [PMID: 25466788 PMCID: PMC4264257 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-014-0118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last few years, new treatments for a damaged intervertebral disc (IVD) have included strategies to repair, replace, or regenerate the degenerative disc. However, these techniques are likely to have limited success, due to insufficiently effective means to address the damaged anulus fibrosus (AF). Here, we try to develop a bioprocess method for decellularization of the xenogeneic AF tissue, with a view to developing a scaffold as a potential candidate for clinical application in spinal surgery. METHODS Porcine AFs were decellularized using freeze-thaw cycles, followed by various combined treatments with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nucleases. RESULTS Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining showed that decellularization was achieved through the decellularization protocols. Biochemical analyses revealed 86% reduction in DNA, but only 15.9% reduction in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, with no significant difference in the hydroxyproline content. There was no appreciable cytotoxicity of the acellular AF. Biomechanical testing of the acellular AF found no significant decline in stiffness or Young's modulus. CONCLUSIONS Porcine AF tissues were effectively decellularized with the preservation of biologic composition and mechanical properties. These results demonstrate that acellular AF scaffolds would be a potential candidate for clinical application in spinal surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Chen Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Jung Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Zen-Hao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Hwei Tsuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Taiwan University Hospital HsinChu Branch, HsinChu, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-You Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Iu J, Santerre JP, Kandel RA. Inner and Outer Annulus Fibrosus Cells Exhibit Differentiated Phenotypes and Yield Changes in Extracellular Matrix Protein Composition In Vitro on a Polycarbonate Urethane Scaffold. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:3261-9. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Iu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J. Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rita A. Kandel
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ganji Y, Kasra M, Salahshour Kordestani S, Bagheri Hariri M. Synthesis and characterization of gold nanotube/nanowire-polyurethane composite based on castor oil and polyethylene glycol. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:341-9. [PMID: 25063127 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanotubes/nanowires (GNT/NW) were synthesized by using the template-assisted electrodeposition technique and mixed with castor oil-polyethylene glycol based polyurethane (PU) to fabricate porous composite scaffolds for biomedical application. 100 and 50 ppm of GNT/NW were used to synthesize composites. The composite scaffolds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Cell attachment on polyurethane-GNT/NW composites was investigated using fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Addition of 50 or 100 ppm GNT/NW had significant effects on thermal, mechanical, and cell attachment of polyurethane. Higher crosslink density and better cell attachment and proliferation were observed in polyurethane containing 50 ppm GNT/NW. The results revealed that GNT/NW formed hydrogen bonding with the polyurethane matrix and improved the thermomechanical properties of nanocomposites. Compared with pure PU, better cellular attachment on polyurethane-GNT/NW composites was observed resulting from the improved surface properties of composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ganji
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehran Kasra
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mohiedin Bagheri Hariri
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Turner KG, Ahmed N, Santerre JP, Kandel RA. Modulation of annulus fibrosus cell alignment and function on oriented nanofibrous polyurethane scaffolds under tension. Spine J 2014; 14:424-34. [PMID: 24291406 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Annulus fibrosus (AF), a component of the intervertebral disc (IVD), is always under tension in vivo, a condition that must be taken into consideration when tissue engineering an IVD. Loss of the tensile forces has been implicated in the pathogenesis of disc degeneration characterized by mechanical and structural breakdown of the AF. PURPOSE In this study, we hypothesize that tensile forces modulate cellular and molecular behavior of AF cells grown on nanofibrous scaffolds in vitro. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Bovine AF cells were seeded onto strained electrospun-aligned nanofibrous polycarbonate urethane (PU) scaffolds. Tension was either maintained throughout the culture duration (monotonic) or removed after 24 hours (relaxed). METHODS The effect of tension on AF cells cultured on PU scaffolds was evaluated over 7 days by scanning electron microscopy, biochemical assays, immunofluorescence microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cells grown on the relaxed scaffold were significantly more proliferative, synthesized more collagen and had increased collagen type I and TGFβ-1 gene expression; however these cells were not as aligned as were the cells and matrix on monotonic strained scaffolds. The alignment of AF cells grown on monotonic scaffolds correlated with significantly greater scaffold elastic modulus on day 7. Additionally, the cellular response to the change in strain was delayed by 3 to 5 days after tension release, which correlated with the time at which changes in scaffold length were detected. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that AF cells respond at the molecular and cellular level to the changes in matrix/scaffold tension. This suggests that it may be necessary to determine the optimal elastic modulus and applied tensile forces to tissue engineer an AF that mimics the native tissue. Furthermore, this study provides insight into how changes in tensile forces may lead to changes in the AF cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen G Turner
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9; CIHR-BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Nazish Ahmed
- CIHR-BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Rita A Kandel
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9; CIHR-BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sharifi S, Bulstra SK, Grijpma DW, Kuijer R. Treatment of the degenerated intervertebral disc; closure, repair and regeneration of the annulus fibrosus. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:1120-32. [PMID: 24616324 DOI: 10.1002/term.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and disc herniation are two causes of low back pain. The aetiology of these disorders is unknown, but tissue weakening, which primarily occurs due to inherited genetic factors, ageing, nutritional compromise and loading history, is the basic factor causing disc degeneration. Symptomatic disc herniation mainly causes radicular pain. Current treatments of intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain are based on alleviating the symptoms and comprise administration of painkillers or surgical methods such as spinal fusion. None of these methods is completely successful. Current research focuses on regeneration of the IVD and particularly on regeneration of the nucleus pulposus. Less attention has been directed to the repair or regeneration of the annulus fibrosus, although this is the key to successful nucleus pulposus, and therewith IVD, repair. This review focuses on the importance of restoring the function of the annulus fibrosus, as well as on the repair, replacement or regeneration of the annulus fibrosus in combination with restoration of the function of the nucleus pulposus, to treat low back pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Sharifi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, The Netherlands
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd K Bulstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk W Grijpma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, The Netherlands
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Kuijer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stem cell responses to plasma surface modified electrospun polyurethane scaffolds. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:949-58. [PMID: 24524929 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The topographical effects from functional materials on stem cell behavior are currently of interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here we investigate the influence of argon, oxygen, and hydrogen plasma surface modification of electrospun polyurethane fibers on human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and rat postnatal neural stem cell (NSC) responses. The plasma gases were found to induce three combinations of fiber surface functionalities and roughness textures. On randomly oriented fibers, plasma treatments lead to substantially increased hESC attachment and proliferation as compared to native fibers. Argon plasma was found to induce the most optimal combination of surface functionality and roughness for cell expansion. Contact guided migration of cells and alignment of cell processes were observed on aligned fibers. Neuronal differentiation around 5% was found for all samples and was not significantly affected by the induced variations of surface functional group distribution or individual fiber topography. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this study the influence of argon, oxygen, and hydrogen plasma surface modification of electrospun polyurethane fibers on human embryonic stem cell and rat postnatal neural stem cell (NSC) responses is studied with the goal of clarifying the potential effects of functional materials on stem cell behavior, a topic of substantial interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wismer N, Grad S, Fortunato G, Ferguson SJ, Alini M, Eglin D. Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for annulus fibrosus tissue engineering: effect of scaffold structure and composition on annulus fibrosus cells in vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:672-82. [PMID: 24131280 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning technology is an attractive process for the fabrication of a scaffold with an annulus fibrosus (AF)-like architecture for tissue engineering. Oriented and nonoriented electrospun scaffolds were prepared from poly(ester-urethane) (PU) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) as well as corresponding homogeneous films. Scaffolds' characteristics and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, static water contact measurements, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The effect of scaffold architecture and polymer composition on bovine AF cells was investigated. PU and PCL films and scaffolds supported AF cell growth and extracellular matrix production and accumulation. Electrospun scaffolds increased the retention of collagen and glycosaminoglycan compared with films. Fiber orientation of the scaffolds promoted the AF cell phenotype with a trend toward an upregulation of matrix gene expression for oriented relative to nonoriented scaffolds. The higher yield strain of an oriented electrospun PU scaffold, compared with other scaffolds, will be advantageous for AF tissue engineering under a dynamic mechanical environment.
Collapse
|
37
|
Iatridis JC, Nicoll SB, Michalek AJ, Walter BA, Gupta MS. Role of biomechanics in intervertebral disc degeneration and regenerative therapies: what needs repairing in the disc and what are promising biomaterials for its repair? Spine J 2013; 13:243-62. [PMID: 23369494 PMCID: PMC3612376 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Degeneration and injuries of the intervertebral disc (IVD) result in large alterations in biomechanical behaviors. Repair strategies using biomaterials can be optimized based on the biomechanical and biological requirements of the IVD. PURPOSE To review the present literature on the effects of degeneration, simulated degeneration, and injury on biomechanics of the IVD, with special attention paid to needle puncture injuries, which are a pathway for diagnostics and regenerative therapies and the promising biomaterials for disc repair with a focus on how those biomaterials may promote biomechanical repair. STUDY DESIGN A narrative review to evaluate the role of biomechanics on disc degeneration and regenerative therapies with a focus on what biomechanical properties need to be repaired and how to evaluate and accomplish such repairs using biomaterials. Model systems for the screening of such repair strategies are also briefly described. METHODS Articles were selected from two main PubMed searches using keywords: intervertebral AND biomechanics (1,823 articles) and intervertebral AND biomaterials (361 articles). Additional keywords (injury, needle puncture, nucleus pressurization, biomaterials, hydrogel, sealant, tissue engineering) were used to narrow the articles down to the topics most relevant to this review. RESULTS Degeneration and acute disc injuries have the capacity to influence nucleus pulposus (NP) pressurization and annulus fibrosus (AF) integrity, which are necessary for an effective disc function and, therefore, require repair. Needle injection injuries are of particular clinical relevance with the potential to influence disc biomechanics, cellularity, and metabolism, yet these effects are localized or small and more research is required to evaluate and reduce the potential clinical morbidity using such techniques. NP replacement strategies, such as hydrogels, are required to restore the NP pressurization or the lost volume. AF repair strategies including cross-linked hydrogels, fibrous composites, and sealants offer promise for regenerative therapies to restore AF integrity. Tissue engineered IVD structures, as a single implantable construct, may promote greater tissue integration due to the improved repair capacity of the vertebral bone. CONCLUSIONS IVD height, neutral zone characteristics, and torsional biomechanics are sensitive to specific alterations in the NP pressurization and AF integrity and must be addressed for an effective functional repair. Synthetic and natural biomaterials offer promise for NP replacement, AF repair, as an AF sealant, or whole disc replacement. Meeting mechanical and biological compatibilities are necessary for the efficacy and longevity of the repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Steven B. Nicoll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY
| | - Arthur J. Michalek
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Benjamin A. Walter
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY
| | - Michelle S. Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The challenge and advancement of annulus fibrosus tissue engineering. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2013; 22:1090-100. [PMID: 23361531 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-2663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration, a main cause of back pain, is an endemic problem and a big economic burden for the health care system. Current treatments are symptom relieving but do not address underlying problems-biological and structural deterioration of the disc. Tissue engineering is an emerging approach for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration since it restores the functionality of native tissues. Although numerous studies have focused on the nucleus pulposus tissue engineering and achieved successes in laboratory settings, disc tissue engineering without annulus fibrosus for the end stage of disc degeneration is deemed to fail. The purpose of this article is to review the advancement of annulus fibrosus tissue engineering. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant articles regarding annulus fibrosus tissue engineering were identified in PubMed and Medline databases. RESULTS The ideal strategy for disc regeneration is to restore the function and integrity of the disc by using biomaterials, native matrices, growth factors, and cells that producing matrices. In the past decades there are tremendous advancement in annulus fibrosus tissue engineering including cell biology, biomaterials, and whole disc replacement. The recent promising results on whole disc tissue engineering-a composite of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus-make the tissue engineering approach more appealing. CONCLUSION Despite the promising results in disc tissue engineering, there is still much work to be done regarding the clinical application.
Collapse
|
39
|
Guterl CC, See EY, Blanquer SB, Pandit A, Ferguson SJ, Benneker LM, Grijpma DW, Sakai D, Eglin D, Alini M, Iatridis JC, Grad S. Challenges and strategies in the repair of ruptured annulus fibrosus. Eur Cell Mater 2013; 25:1-21. [PMID: 23283636 PMCID: PMC3655691 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v025a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumbar discectomy is the surgical procedure most frequently performed for patients suffering from low back pain and sciatica. Disc herniation as a consequence of degenerative or traumatic processes is commonly encountered as the underlying cause for the painful condition. While discectomy provides favourable outcome in a majority of cases, there are conditions where unmet requirements exist in terms of treatment, such as large disc protrusions with minimal disc degeneration; in these cases, the high rate of recurrent disc herniation after discectomy is a prevalent problem. An effective biological annular repair could improve the surgical outcome in patients with contained disc herniations but otherwise minor degenerative changes. An attractive approach is a tissue-engineered implant that will enable/stimulate the repair of the ruptured annulus. The strategy is to develop three-dimensional scaffolds and activate them by seeding cells or by incorporating molecular signals that enable new matrix synthesis at the defect site, while the biomaterial provides immediate closure of the defect and maintains the mechanical properties of the disc. This review is structured into (1) introduction, (2) clinical problems, current treatment options and needs, (3) biomechanical demands, (4) cellular and extracellular components, (5) biomaterials for delivery, scaffolding and support, (6) pre-clinical models for evaluation of newly developed cell- and material-based therapies, and (7) conclusions. This article highlights that an interdisciplinary approach is necessary for successful development of new clinical methods for annulus fibrosus repair. This will benefit from a close collaboration between research groups with expertise in all areas addressed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare C. Guterl
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Eugene Y. See
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien B.G. Blanquer
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J. Ferguson
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Lorin M. Benneker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Dirk W. Grijpma
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - David Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland,Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Rupture Program of AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland,Address for correspondence: Sibylle Grad, PhD, AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland, Telephone Number: +41 81 414 2480, FAX Number: +41 81 414 2288,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Surface characterisation of oxygen plasma treated electrospun polyurethane fibres and their interaction with red blood cells. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
41
|
Ouyang X, Huang X, Pan Q, Zuo C, Huang C, Yang X, Zhao Y. Synthesis and characterization of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate nanocapsules used in a self-healing bonding resin. J Dent 2011; 39:825-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
|
42
|
Leung VYL, Tam V, Chan D, Chan BP, Cheung KMC. Tissue engineering for intervertebral disk degeneration. Orthop Clin North Am 2011; 42:575-83, ix. [PMID: 21944593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Many challenges confront intervertebral disk engineering owing to complexity and the presence of extraordinary stresses. Rebuilding a disk of native function could be useful for removal of the symptoms and correction of altered spine kinematics. Improvement in understanding of disk properties and techniques for disk engineering brings promise to the fabrication of a functional motion segment for the treatment of disk degeneration. Increasing sophistication of techniques available in biomedical sciences will bring its application into clinics. This review provides an account of current progress and challenges of intervertebral disk bioengineering and discusses means to move forward and toward bedside translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Y L Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fiber stretch and reorientation modulates mesenchymal stem cell morphology and fibrous gene expression on oriented nanofibrous microenvironments. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39:2780-90. [PMID: 21800203 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Because differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is enacted through the integration of soluble signaling factors and physical cues, including substrate architecture and exogenous mechanical stimulation, it is important to understand how micropatterned biomaterials may be optimized to enhance differentiation for the formation of functional soft tissues. In this work, macroscopic strain applied to MSCs in an aligned nanofibrous microenvironment elicited cellular and nuclear deformations that varied depending on scaffold orientation. Reorientation of aligned, oriented MSCs corresponded at the microscopic scale with the affine approximation of their deformation based on macroscopic strains. Moreover, deformations at the subcellular scale corresponded with scaffold orientation, with changes in nuclear shape depending on the direction of substrate alignment. Notably, these deformations induced changes in gene expression that were also dependent on scaffold and cell orientations. These findings demonstrate that directional biases in substrate microstructure convey direction-dependent mechanosensitivity to MSCs and provide an experimental framework in which to explore the mechanistic underpinnings of this response.
Collapse
|
44
|
McBane JE, Battiston KG, Wadhwani A, Sharifpoor S, Labow RS, Santerre JP. The effect of degradable polymer surfaces on co-cultures of monocytes and smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials 2011; 32:3584-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
45
|
Schek R, Michalek A, Iatridis J. Genipin-crosslinked fibrin hydrogels as a potential adhesive to augment intervertebral disc annulus repair. Eur Cell Mater 2011; 21:373-83. [PMID: 21503869 PMCID: PMC3215264 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v021a28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of damaged intervertebral discs is a significant clinical problem and, despite advances in the repair and replacement of the nucleus pulposus, there are few effective strategies to restore defects in the annulus fibrosus. An annular repair material should meet three specifications: have a modulus similar to the native annulus tissue, support the growth of disc cells, and maintain adhesion to tissue under physiological strain levels. We hypothesized that a genipin crosslinked fibrin gel could meet these requirements. Our mechanical results showed that genipin crosslinked fibrin gels could be created with a modulus in the range of native annular tissue. We also demonstrated that this material is compatible with the in vitro growth of human disc cells, when genipin:fibrin ratios were 0.25:1 or less, although cell proliferation was slower and cell morphology more rounded than for fibrin alone. Finally, lap tests were performed to evaluate adhesion between fibrin gels and pieces of annular tissue. Specimens created without genipin had poor handling properties and readily delaminated, while genipin crosslinked fibrin gels remained adhered to the tissue pieces at strains exceeding physiological levels and failed at 15-30%. This study demonstrated that genipin crosslinked fibrin gels show promise as a gap-filling adhesive biomaterial with tunable material properties, yet the slow cell proliferation suggests this biomaterial may be best suited as a sealant for small annulus fibrosus defects or as an adhesive to augment large annulus repairs. Future studies will evaluate degradation rate, fatigue behaviors, and long-term biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J.C. Iatridis
- Address for correspondence: James C. Iatridis, Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA, Telephone Number: 212-241-1517,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Driscoll TP, Nerurkar NL, Jacobs NT, Elliott DM, Mauck RL. Fiber angle and aspect ratio influence the shear mechanics of oriented electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 4:1627-36. [PMID: 22098865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibrocartilages, including the knee meniscus and the annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc, play critical mechanical roles in load transmission across joints and their function is dependent upon well-defined structural hierarchies, organization, and composition. All, however, are compromised in the pathologic transformations associated with tissue degeneration. Tissue engineering strategies that address these key features, for example, aligned nanofibrous scaffolds seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), represent a promising approach for the regeneration of these fibrous structures. While such engineered constructs can replicate native tissue structure and uniaxial tensile properties, the multidirectional loading encountered by these tissues in vivo necessitates that they function adequately in other loading modalities as well, including shear. As previous findings have shown that native tissue tensile and shear properties are dependent on fiber angle and sample aspect ratio, respectively, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a changing fiber angle and sample aspect ratio on the shear properties of aligned electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds, and to determine how extracellular matrix deposition by resident MSCs modulates the measured shear response. Results show that fiber orientation and sample aspect ratio significantly influence the response of scaffolds in shear, and that measured shear strains can be predicted by finite element models. Furthermore, acellular PCL scaffolds possessed a relatively high shear modulus, 2-4 fold greater than native tissue, independent of fiber angle and aspect ratio. It was further noted that under testing conditions that engendered significant fiber stretch, the aggregate resistance to shear was higher, indicating a role for fiber stretch in the overall shear response. Finally, with time in culture, the shear modulus of MSC laden constructs increased, suggesting that deposited ECM contributes to the construct shear properties. Collectively, these findings show that aligned electrospun PCL scaffolds are a promising tool for engineering fibrocartilage tissues, and that the shear properties of both acellular and cell-seeded formulations can match or exceed native tissue benchmarks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan P Driscoll
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lazebnik M, Singh M, Glatt P, Friis LA, Berkland CJ, Detamore MS. Biomimetic method for combining the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus for intervertebral disc tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:e179-87. [DOI: 10.1002/term.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
48
|
McBane JE, Ebadi D, Sharifpoor S, Labow RS, Santerre JP. Differentiation of monocytes on a degradable, polar, hydrophobic, ionic polyurethane: Two-dimensional films vs. three-dimensional scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:115-22. [PMID: 20728587 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A degradable, polar, hydrophobic, ionic polyurethane (D-PHI), with physical properties comparable to those of peripheral arterial vascular tissue, was evaluated for monocyte interactions with two different physical forms: two-dimensional films and three-dimensional porous scaffolds. Monocytes, isolated from human whole blood, were seeded onto D-PHI films and scaffolds, and differentiated to monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) for up to 28 days. The effect of surface structure on the MDM phenotype was assessed by assaying: cell attachment (DNA), activation (intracellular protein expression, esterase and acid phosphatase (AP) activity) as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-10, respectively). The cells on scaffolds exhibited an initial peak in total protein synthesized per DNA at 3 days; however, both substrates generated similar protein levels per DNA at all other time points. While scaffolds generated more esterase and AP per cell than for films, the cells on films expressed significantly more of these two proteins relative to their total protein produced. At day 7 (acute phase of monocyte activation), cells on films were significantly more activated than monocytes on the scaffolds as assessed by cell morphology and tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 levels. Histological analysis of scaffolds showed that cells were able to migrate throughout the three-dimensional matrix. By inducing a low inflammatory, high wound-healing phenotype monocyte, the negative effects of the foreign body reaction in vivo may be controlled in a manner possible to direct the vascular tissue cells into the appropriate functional phenotypes necessary for successful tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
49
|
Koepsell L, Zhang L, Neufeld D, Fong H, Deng Y. Electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone scaffolds for tissue engineering of annulus fibrosus. Macromol Biosci 2010; 11:391-9. [PMID: 21080441 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The annulus fibrosus comprises concentric lamellae that can be damaged due to intervertebral disc degeneration; to provide permanent repair of these acquired structural defects, one solution is to fabricate scaffolds that are designed to support the growth of annulus fibrosus cells. In this study, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds of polycaprolactone are fabricated in random, aligned, and round-end configurations. Primary porcine annulus fibrosus cells are grown on the scaffolds and evaluated for attachment, proliferation, and production of extracellular matrix. The scaffold consisting of round-end nanofibers substantially outperforms the random and aligned scaffolds on cell adhesion; additionally, the scaffold with aligned nanofibers strongly affects the orientation of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Koepsell
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yeganegi M, Kandel RA, Santerre JP. Characterization of a biodegradable electrospun polyurethane nanofiber scaffold: Mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3847-55. [PMID: 20466079 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study analyzes the biodegradation of a polycarbonate polyurethane scaffold intended for the growth of a tissue-engineered annulus fibrosus (AF) disc component. Electrospun scaffolds with random and aligned nanofiber configurations were fabricated using a biodegradable polycarbonate urethane with and without an anionic surface modifier (anionic dihydroxyl oligomer), and the mechanical behavior of the scaffolds was examined during a 4 week biodegradation study. Both the tensile strength and initial modulus of aligned scaffolds (sigma=14+/-1 MPa, E=46+/-3 MPa) were found to be higher than those of random fiber scaffolds (sigma=1.9+/-0.4 MPa, E=2.1+/-0.2 MPa) prior to degradation. Following initial wetting of the scaffold, the initial modulus of the aligned samples showed a significant decrease (dry: 46+/-3 MPa; pre-wetted: 9+/-1 MPa, p<0.001). The modulus remained relatively constant during the remainder of the 4 week incubation period (aligned at 4 weeks: 8.0+/-0.3 MPa). The tensile strength for aligned fiber scaffolds was affected in the same manner. Similar changes were not observed for the initial modulus of the random scaffold configuration. Biodegradation of the scaffold in the presence of cholesterol esterase (a monocyte derived enzyme) yielded a 0.5 mg week(-1) weight loss. The soluble and non-soluble degradation products were found to be non-toxic to bovine AF cells grown in vitro. The consistent rate of material degradation along with stable mechanical properties comparable to those of native AF tissue and the absence of cytotoxic effects make this polymer a suitable biomaterial candidate for further investigation into its use for tissue-engineering annulus fibrosus.
Collapse
|