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Park SM, Yoon DK. Evaporation-induced self-assembly of liquid crystal biopolymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1843-1866. [PMID: 38375871 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01585h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) is a process that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its fundamental science and potential applications in materials science and nanotechnology. This technique involves controlled drying of a solution or dispersion of materials, forming structures with specific shapes and sizes. In particular, liquid crystal (LC) biopolymers have emerged as promising candidates for EISA due to their highly ordered structures and biocompatible properties after deposition. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the EISA of LC biopolymers, including DNA, nanocellulose, viruses, and other biopolymers. The underlying self-assembly mechanisms, the effects of different processing conditions, and the potential applications of the resulting structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Kim M, Choi K, Krizaj D, Kim J. Regulation of Corneal Stromal Cell Behavior by Modulating Curvature Using a Hydraulically Controlled Organ Chip Array. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3973873. [PMID: 38464213 PMCID: PMC10925400 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3973873/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Curvature is a critical factor in cornea mechanobiology, but its impact on phenotypic alterations and extracellular matrix remodeling of cornea stroma remains unclear. In this work, we investigated how curvature influences the corneal stroma using a hydraulically controlled curvature array chip. The responses of stromal cells to low, medium, and high curvatures were observed by preparing three phenotypes of corneal stromal cells: corneal keratocytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts. Keratocytes exhibited phenotypic alterations in response to curvature changes, notably including a decrease in ALDH3 expression and an increase in α-SMA expression. For focal adhesion, corneal fibroblast and myofibroblasts showed enhanced vinculin localization in response to curvature, while corneal keratocytes presented reduced vinculin expression. For cell alignment and ECM expression, most stromal cells under all curvatures showed a radially organized f-actin and collagen fibrils. Interestingly, for corneal fibroblast under medium curvature, we observed orthogonal cell alignment, which is linked to the unique hoop and meridional stress profiles of the curved surface. Furthermore, lumican expression was upregulated in corneal keratocytes, and keratocan expression was increased in corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts due to curvature. These results demonstrate that curvature influences both the phenotype of corneal stromal cells and the structural organization of corneal stroma tissue without any external stimuli. This curvature-dependent behavior of corneal stromal cells presents potential opportunities for creating therapeutic strategies for corneal shape dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Kanghoon Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - David Krizaj
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jungkyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
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3
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Lam KH, Shihabeddin TZ, Awkal JA, Najjar AM, Miron-Mendoza M, Maruri DP, Varner VD, Petroll WM, Schmidtke DW. Effects of Topography and PDGF on the Response of Corneal Keratocytes to Fibronectin-Coated Surfaces. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:217. [PMID: 37103307 PMCID: PMC10144166 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During corneal wound healing, corneal keratocytes are exposed to both biophysical and soluble cues that cause them to transform from a quiescent state to a repair phenotype. How keratocytes integrate these multiple cues simultaneously is not well understood. To investigate this process, primary rabbit corneal keratocytes were cultured on substrates patterned with aligned collagen fibrils and coated with adsorbed fibronectin. After 2 or 5 days of culture, keratocytes were fixed and stained to assess changes in cell morphology and markers of myofibroblastic activation by fluorescence microscopy. Initially, adsorbed fibronectin had an activating effect on the keratocytes as evidenced by changes in cell shape, stress fiber formation, and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The magnitude of these effects depended upon substrate topography (i.e., flat substrate vs aligned collagen fibrils) and decreased with culture time. When keratocytes were simultaneously exposed to adsorbed fibronectin and soluble platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), the cells elongated and had reduced expression of stress fibers and α-SMA. In the presence of PDGF-BB, keratocytes plated on the aligned collagen fibrils elongated in the direction of the fibrils. These results provide new information on how keratocytes respond to multiple simultaneous cues and how the anisotropic topography of aligned collagen fibrils influences keratocyte behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Tarik Z. Shihabeddin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Jacob A. Awkal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Alex M. Najjar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Miguel Miron-Mendoza
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel P. Maruri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Victor D. Varner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - W. Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David W. Schmidtke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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4
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Prittinen J, Zhou X, Bano F, Backman L, Danielson P. Microstructured collagen films for 3D corneal stroma modelling. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:443-452. [PMID: 34894951 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.2007901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Corneal injury is a major cause of impaired vision around the globe. The fine structure of the corneal stroma plays a pivotal role in the phenotype and behavior of the embedded cells during homeostasis and healing after trauma or infection. In order to study healing processes in the cornea, it is important to create culture systems that functionally mimic the natural environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collagen solution was vitrified on top of a grated film to achieve thin collagen films with parallel microgrooves. Keratocytes (corneal stromal cells) were cultured on the films either as a single layer or as stacked layers of films and cells. SEM and F-actin staining were used to analyze the pattern transference onto the collagen and the cell orientation on the films. Cell viability was analyzed with MTS and live/dead staining. Keratocytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts were cultured to study the pattern's effect on phenotype. RESULTS A microstructured collagen film-based culture system that guides keratocytes (stromal cells) to their native, layerwise perpendicular orientation in 3D and that can support fibroblasts and myofibroblasts was created. The films are thin and transparent enough to observe cells at least three layers deep. The cells maintain viability in 2D and 3D cultures and the films can support fibroblast and myofibroblast phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS The films provide an easily reproducible stroma model that maintains high cell viability and improves the preservation of the keratocyte phenotype in keratocytes that are differentiated to fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Prittinen
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fouzia Bano
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Danielson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Tan G, Ioannou N, Mathew E, Tagalakis AD, Lamprou DA, Yu-Wai-Man C. 3D printing in Ophthalmology: From medical implants to personalised medicine. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122094. [PMID: 35952803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
3D printing was invented thirty years ago. However, its application in healthcare became prominent only in recent years to provide solutions for drug delivery and clinical challenges, and is constantly evolving. This cost-efficient technique utilises biocompatible materials and is used to develop model implants to provide a greater understanding of human anatomy and diseases, and can be used for organ transplants, surgical planning and for the manufacturing of advanced drug delivery systems. In addition, 3D printed medical devices and implants can be customised for each patient to provide a more tailored treatment approach. The advantages and applications of 3D printing can be used to treat patients with different eye conditions, with advances in 3D bioprinting offering novel therapy applications in ophthalmology. The purpose of this review paper is to provide an in-depth understanding of the applications and advantages of 3D printing in treating different ocular conditions in the cornea, glaucoma, retina, lids and orbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greymi Tan
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Nicole Ioannou
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Essyrose Mathew
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | | | - Cynthia Yu-Wai-Man
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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6
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Ibrahim H, Thorpe SD, Paukshto M, Zaitseva TS, Moritz W, Rodriguez BJ. A Biomimetic High Throughput Model of Cancer Cell Spheroid Dissemination onto Aligned Fibrillar Collagen. SLAS Technol 2022; 27:267-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Sun P, Shen L, Li YB, Du LQ, Wu XY. Long-term observation after transplantation of cultured human corneal endothelial cells for corneal endothelial dysfunction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:228. [PMID: 35659288 PMCID: PMC9166479 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corneal transplantation is the only way to treat serious corneal diseases caused by corneal endothelial dysfunction. However, the shortage of donor corneal tissues and human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) remains a worldwide challenge. We cultivated HCECs by the use of a conditioned medium from orbital adipose-derived stem cells (OASC-CM) in vitro. Then the HCECs were used to treat animal corneal endothelial dysfunction models via cell transplantation. The purpose of this study was to conduct a long-term observation and evaluation after cell transplantation. Methods Orbital adipose-derived stem cells (OASCs) were isolated to prepare the conditioned medium (CM). HCECs were cultivated and expanded by the usage of the CM (CM-HCECs). Then, related corneal endothelial cell (CEC) markers were analyzed by immunofluorescence. The cell proliferation ability was also tested. CM-HCECs were then transplanted into monkey corneal endothelial dysfunction models by injection. We carried out a 24-month postoperative preclinical observation and verified the long-term effect by histological examination and transcriptome sequencing. Results CM-HCECs strongly expressed CEC-related markers and maintained polygonal cell morphology even after 10 passages. At 24 months after cell transplantation, there was a CEC density of more than 2400 cells per square millimeter (range, 2408–2685) in the experimental group. A corneal thickness (CT) of less than 550 μm (range, 490–510) was attained. Gene sequencing showed that the gene expression pattern of CM-HCECs was similar to that of transplanted cells and HCECs. Conclusions Transplantation of CM-HCECs into monkey corneal endothelial dysfunction models resulted in a transparent cornea after 24 months. This research provided a promising prospect of cell-based therapy for corneal endothelial diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02889-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Li-Qun Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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8
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Dittloff KT, Iezzi A, Zhong JX, Mohindra P, Desai TA, Russell B. Transthyretin amyloid fibrils alter primary fibroblast structure, function, and inflammatory gene expression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H149-H160. [PMID: 34018852 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00073.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Age-related wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (wtATTR) is characterized by systemic deposition of amyloidogenic fibrils of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) in the connective tissue of many organs. In the heart, this leads to cardiac dysfunction, which is a significant cause of age-related heart failure. The hypothesis tested is that TTR affects cardiac fibroblasts in ways that may contribute to fibrosis. When primary cardiac fibroblasts were cultured on TTR-deposited substrates, the F-actin cytoskeleton was disorganized, focal adhesion formation was decreased, and nuclear shape was flattened. Fibroblasts had faster collective and single-cell migration velocities on TTR-deposited substrates. In addition, fibroblasts cultured on microposts with TTR deposition had reduced attachment and increased proliferation above untreated. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of fibroblasts grown on glass covered with TTR showed significant upregulation of inflammatory genes after 48 h, indicative of progression in TTR-based diseases. Together, results suggest that TTR deposited in tissue extracellular matrix may affect the structure, function, and gene expression of cardiac fibroblasts. As therapies for wtATTR are cost-prohibitive and only slow disease progression, better understanding of cellular maladaptation may elucidate novel therapeutic targets.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Transthyretin (TTR) cardiac amyloidosis involves deposition of fibrils of misfolded TTR in the aging human heart, leading to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Our novel in vitro studies show that TTR fibrils alter primary cardiac fibroblast cytoskeletal and nuclear structure and focal adhesion formation. Furthermore, both fibrillar and tetrameric TTR significantly increased cellular migration velocity and caused upregulation of inflammatory genes determined by transcriptomic RNA and protein analysis. These findings may suggest new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Dittloff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Antonio Iezzi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Justin X Zhong
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Priya Mohindra
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Tejal A Desai
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Brenda Russell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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9
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Biomimetic corneal stroma using electro-compacted collagen. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:360-371. [PMID: 32652228 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineering substantia propria (or stroma of cornea) that mimics the function and anatomy of natural tissue is vital for in vitro modelling and in vivo regeneration. There are, however, few examples of bioengineered biomimetic corneal stroma. Here we describe the construction of an orthogonally oriented 3D corneal stroma model (3D-CSM) using pure electro-compacted collagen (EC). EC films comprise aligned collagen fibrils and support primary human corneal stromal cells (hCSCs). Cell-laden constructs are analogous to the anatomical structure of native human cornea. The hCSCs are guided by the topographical cues provided by the aligned collagen fibrils of the EC films. Importantly, the 3D-CSM are biodegradable, highly transparent, glucose-permeable and comprise quiescent hCSCs. Gene expression analysis indicated the presence of aligned collagen fibrils is strongly coupled to downregulation of active fibroblast/myofibroblast markers α-SMA and Thy-1, with a concomitant upregulation of the dormant keratocyte marker ALDH3. The 3D-CSM represents the first example of an optimally robust biomimetic engineered corneal stroma that is constructed from pure electro-compacted collagen for cell and tissue support. The 3D-CSM is a significant advance for synthetic corneal stroma engineering, with the potential to be used for full-thickness and functional cornea replacement, as well as informing in vivo tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This manuscript represents the first example of a robust, transparent, glucose permeable and pure collagen-based biomimetic 3D corneal stromal model (3D-CSM) constructed from pure electro-compacted collagen. The collagen fibrils of 3D-CSM are aligned and orthogonally arranged, mimicking native human corneal stroma. The alignment of collagen fibrils correlates with the direction of current applied for electro-compaction and influences human corneal stromal cell (hCSC) orientation. Moreover, 3D-CSM constructs support a corneal keratocyte phenotype; an essential requirement for modelling healthy corneal stroma. As-prepared 3D-CSM hold great promise as corneal stromal substitutes for research and translation, with the potential to be used for full-thickness cornea replacement.
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10
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Hu C, Zaitseva TS, Alcazar C, Tabada P, Sawamura S, Yang G, Borrelli MR, Wan DC, Nguyen DH, Paukshto MV, Huang NF. Delivery of Human Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells on Nanofibrillar Scaffolds for Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:689. [PMID: 32766213 PMCID: PMC7380169 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy for treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a promising approach but is limited by poor cell survival when cells are delivered using saline. The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds as a vehicle for the delivery of human stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and then to assess the efficacy of the cell-seeded scaffolds in a murine model of PAD. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to characterize the phenotype of SVF cells from freshly isolated lipoaspirate, as well as after attachment onto aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds. Flow cytometry results demonstrated that the SVF consisted of 33.1 ± 9.6% CD45+ cells, a small fraction of CD45–/CD31+ (4.5 ± 3.1%) and 45.4 ± 20.0% of CD45–/CD31–/CD34+ cells. Although the subpopulations of SVF did not change significantly after attachment to the aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds, protein secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) significantly increased by six-fold, compared to SVF cultured in suspension. Importantly, when SVF-seeded scaffolds were transplanted into immunodeficient mice with induced hindlimb ischemia, the cell-seeded scaffolds induced a significant higher mean perfusion ratio after 14 days, compared to cells delivered using saline. Together, these results show that aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds promoted cellular attachment, enhanced the secretion of VEGF from attached SVF cells, and their implantation with attached SVF cells stimulated blood perfusion recovery. These findings have important therapeutic implications for the treatment of PAD using SVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Cynthia Alcazar
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Peter Tabada
- Fibralign Corporation, Inc., Union City, CA, United States
| | - Steve Sawamura
- Fibralign Corporation, Inc., Union City, CA, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Mimi R Borrelli
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Dung H Nguyen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Ngan F Huang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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11
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Tunesi M, Izzo L, Raimondi I, Albani D, Giordano C. A miniaturized hydrogel-based in vitro model for dynamic culturing of human cells overexpressing beta-amyloid precursor protein. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420945633. [PMID: 32922719 PMCID: PMC7446262 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420945633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have highlighted an interconnection between intestinal microbiota and the brain, referred to as microbiota-gut-brain axis, and suggested that alterations in microbiota composition might affect brain functioning, also in Alzheimer's disease. To investigate microbiota-gut-brain axis biochemical pathways, in this work we developed an innovative device to be used as modular unit in an engineered multi-organ-on-a-chip platform recapitulating in vitro the main players of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and an innovative three-dimensional model of brain cells based on collagen/hyaluronic acid or collagen/poly(ethylene glycol) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks and β-amyloid precursor protein-Swedish mutant-expressing H4 cells, to simulate the pathological scenario of Alzheimer's disease. We set up the culturing conditions, assessed cell response, scaled down the three-dimensional models to be hosted in the organ-on-a-chip device, and cultured them both in static and in dynamic conditions. The results suggest that the device and three-dimensional models are exploitable for advanced engineered models representing brain features also in Alzheimer's disease scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tunesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Izzo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri – IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Lam KH, Kivanany PB, Grose K, Yonet-Tanyeri N, Alsmadi N, Varner VD, Petroll WM, Schmidtke DW. A high-throughput microfluidic method for fabricating aligned collagen fibrils to study Keratocyte behavior. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:99. [PMID: 31741114 PMCID: PMC7228026 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In vivo, keratocytes are surrounded by aligned type I collagen fibrils that are organized into lamellae. A growing body of literature suggests that the unique topography of the corneal stroma is an important regulator of keratocyte behavior. In this study we describe a microfluidic method to deposit aligned fibrils of type I collagen onto glass coverslips. This high-throughput method allowed for the simultaneous coating of up to eight substrates with aligned collagen fibrils. When these substrates were integrated into a PDMS microwell culture system they provided a platform for high-resolution imaging of keratocyte behavior. Through the use of wide-field fluorescence and differential interference contrast microscopy, we observed that the density of collagen fibrils deposited was dependent upon both the perfusion shear rate of collagen and the time of perfusion. In contrast, a similar degree of fibril alignment was observed over a range of shear rates. When primary normal rabbit keratocytes (NRK) were seeded on substrates with a high density of aligned collagen fibrils and cultured in the presence of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) the keratocytes displayed an elongated cell body that was co-aligned with the underlying collagen fibrils. In contrast, when NRK were cultured on substrates with a low density of aligned collagen fibrils, the cells showed no preferential orientation. These results suggest that this simple and inexpensive method can provide a general platform to study how simultaneous exposure to topographical and soluble cues influence cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Pouriska B Kivanany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
| | - Kyle Grose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
| | - Nihan Yonet-Tanyeri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
| | - Nesreen Alsmadi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Victor D Varner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
| | - W Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
| | - David W Schmidtke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA.
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13
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Kim H, Jang J, Park J, Lee KP, Lee S, Lee DM, Kim KH, Kim HK, Cho DW. Shear-induced alignment of collagen fibrils using 3D cell printing for corneal stroma tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2019; 11:035017. [PMID: 30995622 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab1a8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironments of tissues or organs are complex architectures comprised of structural proteins including collagen. Particularly, the cornea is organized in a lattice pattern of collagen fibrils which play a significant role in its transparency. This paper introduces a transparent bioengineered corneal structure for transplantation. The structure is fabricated by inducing shear stress to a corneal stroma-derived decellularized extracellular matrix bioink based on a 3D cell printing technique. The printed structure recapitulates the native macrostructure of the cornea with aligned collagen fibrils which results in the construction of a highly matured and transparent cornea stroma analog. The level of shear stress, controlled by the various size of the printing nozzle, manipulates the arrangement of the fibrillar structure. With proper parameter selection, the printed cornea exhibits high cellular alignment capability, indicating a tissue-specific structural organization of collagen fibrils. In addition, this structural regulation enhances critical cellular events in the assembly of collagen over time. Interestingly, the collagen fibrils that remodeled along with the printing path create a lattice pattern similar to the structure of native human cornea after 4 weeks in vivo. Taken together, these results establish the possibilities and versatility of fabricating aligned collagen fibrils; this represents significant advances in corneal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonji Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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14
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Huang J, Tu T, Wang W, Gao Z, Zhou G, Zhang W, Wu X, Liu W. Aligned topography mediated cell elongation reverses pathological phenotype of
in vitro
cultured keloid fibroblasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1366-1378. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, National Tissue Engineering Center of ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, National Tissue Engineering Center of ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, National Tissue Engineering Center of ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, National Tissue Engineering Center of ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, National Tissue Engineering Center of ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, National Tissue Engineering Center of ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, National Tissue Engineering Center of ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, National Tissue Engineering Center of ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
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15
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Sorushanova A, Delgado LM, Wu Z, Shologu N, Kshirsagar A, Raghunath R, Mullen AM, Bayon Y, Pandit A, Raghunath M, Zeugolis DI. The Collagen Suprafamily: From Biosynthesis to Advanced Biomaterial Development. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801651. [PMID: 30126066 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the oldest and most abundant extracellular matrix protein that has found many applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. First, an overview of the family of collagens and their respective structures, conformation, and biosynthesis is provided. The advances and shortfalls of various collagen preparations (e.g., mammalian/marine extracted collagen, cell-produced collagens, recombinant collagens, and collagen-like peptides) and crosslinking technologies (e.g., chemical, physical, and biological) are then critically discussed. Subsequently, an array of structural, thermal, mechanical, biochemical, and biological assays is examined, which are developed to analyze and characterize collagenous structures. Lastly, a comprehensive review is provided on how advances in engineering, chemistry, and biology have enabled the development of bioactive, 3D structures (e.g., tissue grafts, biomaterials, cell-assembled tissue equivalents) that closely imitate native supramolecular assemblies and have the capacity to deliver in a localized and sustained manner viable cell populations and/or bioactive/therapeutic molecules. Clearly, collagens have a long history in both evolution and biotechnology and continue to offer both challenges and exciting opportunities in regenerative medicine as nature's biomaterial of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sorushanova
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Luis M Delgado
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Zhuning Wu
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Naledi Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Aniket Kshirsagar
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Rufus Raghunath
- Centre for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Department Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Yves Bayon
- Sofradim Production-A Medtronic Company, Trevoux, France
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Centre for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Department Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
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16
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Zaitseva TS, Alcazar C, Zamani M, Hou L, Sawamura S, Yakubov E, Hopkins M, Woo YJ, Paukshto MV, Huang NF. Aligned Nanofibrillar Scaffolds for Controlled Delivery of Modified mRNA. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:121-130. [PMID: 29717619 PMCID: PMC6352505 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-based vector delivery is a promising gene therapy approach. Recent advances in chemical modification of mRNA structure to form modified mRNA (mmRNA or cmRNA or modRNA) have substantially improved their stability and translational efficiency within cells. However, mmRNA conventionally delivered in solution can be taken up nonspecifically or become cleared away prematurely, which markedly limits the potential benefit of mmRNA therapy. To address this limitation, we developed mmRNA-incorporated nanofibrillar scaffolds that could target spatially localized delivery and temporally controlled release of the mmRNA both in vitro and in vivo. To establish the efficacy of mmRNA therapy, mmRNA encoding reporter proteins such as green fluorescence protein or firefly luciferase (Fluc) was loaded into aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds. The mmRNA was released from mmRNA-loaded scaffolds in a transient and temporally controlled manner and induced transfection of human fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro transfection was further verified using mmRNA encoding the angiogenic growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Finally, scaffold-based delivery of HGF mmRNA to the site of surgically induced muscle injury in mice resulted in significantly higher vascular regeneration after 14 days, compared to implantation of Fluc mmRNA-releasing scaffolds. After transfection with Fluc mmRNA-releasing scaffold in vivo, Fluc activity was detectable and localized to the muscle region, based on noninvasive bioluminescence imaging. Scaffold-based local mmRNA delivery as an off-the-shelf form of gene therapy has broad translatability for treating a wide range of diseases or injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia Alcazar
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Maedeh Zamani
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Luqia Hou
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | | | - Michael Hopkins
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Y. Joseph Woo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Ngan F. Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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17
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Hutson HN, Kujawa C, Eliceiri K, Campagnola P, Masters KS. Impact of tissue preservation on collagen fiber architecture. Biotech Histochem 2018; 94:134-144. [PMID: 30354688 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1530373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarchitectural features of collagen-rich extracellular matrices provide the mechanical foundation for tissue function and exhibit topographical cues that influence cellular behavior including proliferation, migration and protein expression. Preservation of tissue microarchitecture is required for accurate evaluation of tissue characteristics and pathology. It is unclear whether common tissue preservation methods possess equal ability to preserve microarchitecture. We investigated collagen microarchitecture in samples that had been flash frozen, fixed in formalin or preserved in RNAlater®, and which contained both collagen-rich and collagen-sparse regions. Fibrillar collagen organization was characterized using picrosirius red staining and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. Maintenance of collagen fiber characteristics compared to the gold standard of flash freezing depended on both the method of preservation and the local collagen content of the tissue. Both formalin fixation and RNAlater® preserved collagen fiber characteristics similar to flash freezing in collagen-rich areas of the tissue, but not in collagen-sparse regions. Analysis using picrosirius red staining indicated preservation-dependent changes in overall tissue architecture and suprafibrillar organization. Together with considerations of cost, ease of use, storage conditions and ability to use the preserved tissue for RNA or protein analysis, our quantitative characterization of the effects of preservation method on collagen microarchitecture may help investigators select the most appropriate preservation approach for their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Hutson
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - C Kujawa
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - K Eliceiri
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA.,b Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - P Campagnola
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - K S Masters
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
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18
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Weng W, He S, Song H, Li X, Cao L, Hu Y, Cui J, Zhou Q, Peng H, Su J. Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Reduce Hypertrophic Scar via Regulating Cell Behavior. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7601-7612. [PMID: 30040897 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars, characterized by excessive cell proliferation, disordered cell growth, and aberrant deposition of collagens, could cause significant clinical problems. Herein, aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition, and bulk ACNTs were pulled out from the arrays. The capacity of the ACNTs to reduce hypertrophic scar formation was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that the ACNTs suppressed the overproliferation of fibroblast cells, directed their growth, and inhibited collagen expression in vitro without cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, in vivo evaluation in a rabbit ear model indicated relieved scar hypertrophy after the ACNTs treatment. The gene expression microarray was further used to understand the mechanism, which showed that ACNTs could inhibit the TGFβ pathway to alter the components in the extracellular matrix, cell proliferation, cell cytoskeleton, and cell motility. These findings may provide a potent strategy of using carbon nanotubes in the bioengineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sisi He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | | | | | | | - Yajie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | | | | | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
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19
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Bertassoni LE. Dentin on the nanoscale: Hierarchical organization, mechanical behavior and bioinspired engineering. Dent Mater 2017; 33:637-649. [PMID: 28416222 PMCID: PMC5481168 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knowledge of the structural organization and mechanical properties of dentin has expanded considerably during the past two decades, especially on a nanometer scale. In this paper, we review the recent literature on the nanostructural and nanomechanical properties of dentin, with special emphasis in its hierarchical organization. METHODS We give particular attention to the recent literature concerning the structural and mechanical influence of collagen intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineral in healthy and remineralized tissues. The multilevel hierarchical structure of collagen, and the participation of non-collagenous proteins and proteoglycans in healthy and diseased dentin are also discussed. Furthermore, we provide a forward-looking perspective of emerging topics in biomaterials sciences, such as bioinspired materials design and fabrication, 3D bioprinting and microfabrication, and briefly discuss recent developments on the emerging field of organs-on-a-chip. RESULTS The existing literature suggests that both the inorganic and organic nanostructural components of the dentin matrix play a critical role in various mechanisms that influence tissue properties. SIGNIFICANCE An in-depth understanding of such nanostructural and nanomechanical mechanisms can have a direct impact in our ability to evaluate and predict the efficacy of dental materials. This knowledge will pave the way for the development of improved dental materials and treatment strategies. CONCLUSIONS Development of future dental materials should take into consideration the intricate hierarchical organization of dentin, and pay particular attention to their complex interaction with the dentin matrix on a nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA.
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20
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Zhou HY, Cao Y, Wu J, Zhang WS. Role of corneal collagen fibrils in corneal disorders and related pathological conditions. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:803-811. [PMID: 28546941 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.05.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea is a soft tissue located at the front of the eye with the principal function of transmitting and refracting light rays to precisely sense visual information. Corneal shape, refraction, and stromal stiffness are to a large part determined by corneal fibrils, the arrangements of which define the corneal cells and their functional behaviour. However, the modality and alignment of native corneal collagen lamellae are altered in various corneal pathological states such as infection, injury, keratoconus, corneal scar formation, and keratoprosthesis. Furthermore, corneal recuperation after corneal pathological change is dependent on the balance of corneal collagen degradation and contraction. A thorough understanding of the characteristics of corneal collagen is thus necessary to develop viable therapies using the outcome of strategies using engineered corneas. In this review, we discuss the composition and distribution of corneal collagens as well as their degradation and contraction, and address the current status of corneal tissue engineering and the progress of corneal cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
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21
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Zhang W, Chen J, Backman LJ, Malm AD, Danielson P. Surface Topography and Mechanical Strain Promote Keratocyte Phenotype and Extracellular Matrix Formation in a Biomimetic 3D Corneal Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28026154 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The optimal functionality of the native corneal stroma is mainly dependent on the well-ordered arrangement of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the pressurized structure. In order to develop an in vitro corneal model, it is crucial to mimic the in vivo microenvironment of the cornea. In this study, the influence of surface topography and mechanical strain on keratocyte phenotype and ECM formation within a biomimetic 3D corneal model is studied. By modifying the surface topography of materials, it is found that patterned silk fibroin film with 600 grooves mm-1 optimally supports cell alignment and ECM arrangement. Furthermore, treatment with 3% dome-shaped mechanical strain, which resembles the shape and mechanics of native cornea, significantly enhances the expression of keratocyte markers as compared to flat-shaped strain. Accordingly, a biomimetic 3D corneal model, in the form of a collagen-modified, silk fibroin-patterned construct subjected to 3% dome-shaped strain, is created. Compared to traditional 2D cultures, it supports a significantly higher expression of keratocyte and ECM markers, and in conclusion better maintains keratocyte phenotype, alignment, and fusiform cell shape. Therefore, the novel biomimetic 3D corneal model developed in this study serves as a useful in vitro 3D culture model to improve current 2D cultures for corneal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy; Umeå University; Umeå 90187 Sweden
| | - Jialin Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy; Umeå University; Umeå 90187 Sweden
| | - Ludvig J. Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy; Umeå University; Umeå 90187 Sweden
| | - Adam D. Malm
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy; Umeå University; Umeå 90187 Sweden
| | - Patrik Danielson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy; Umeå University; Umeå 90187 Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology; Umeå University; Umeå 90187 Sweden
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22
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Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Is Associated with Layer-Specific Alterations in Collagen Architecture. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163858. [PMID: 27685946 PMCID: PMC5042542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorganization of the valve extracellular matrix (ECM) is a hallmark of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). However, while microarchitectural features of the ECM can strongly influence the biological and mechanical behavior of tissues, little is known about the ECM microarchitecture in CAVD. In this work, we apply advanced imaging techniques to quantify spatially heterogeneous changes in collagen microarchitecture in CAVD. Human aortic valves were obtained from individuals between 50 and 75 years old with no evidence of valvular disease (healthy) and individuals who underwent valve replacement surgery due to severe stenosis (diseased). Second Harmonic Generation microscopy and subsequent image quantification revealed layer-specific changes in fiber characteristics in healthy and diseased valves. Specifically, the majority of collagen fiber changes in CAVD were found to occur in the spongiosa, where collagen fiber number increased by over 2-fold, and fiber width and density also significantly increased. Relatively few fibrillar changes occurred in the fibrosa in CAVD, where fibers became significantly shorter, but did not otherwise change in terms of number, width, density, or alignment. Immunohistochemical staining for lysyl oxidase showed localized increased expression in the diseased fibrosa. These findings reveal a more complex picture of valvular collagen enrichment and arrangement in CAVD than has previously been described using traditional analysis methods. Changes in fiber architecture may play a role in regulating the pathobiological events and mechanical properties of valves during CAVD. Additionally, characterization of the ECM microarchitecture can inform the design of fibrous scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering.
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23
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Lynch AP, O'Sullivan F, Ahearne M. The effect of growth factor supplementation on corneal stromal cell phenotype in vitro using a serum-free media. Exp Eye Res 2016; 151:26-37. [PMID: 27456135 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to expand cells quickly and in high numbers for corneal tissue engineering applications corneal stromal cells, or keratocytes, are often cultured in the presence of serum. However, keratocytes become fibroblastic when exposed to serum leading to a downregulation of corneal stromal specific markers. The purpose of this current study was to determine if corneal stromal cells, made fibroblastic by serum, could display native quiescent keratocyte characteristics when cultured under serum-free conditions supplemented by different growth factors. Markers specific to a native keratocyte phenotype such as keratocan and aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) and those specific to a fibrotic phenotype such as α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and collagen type III were examined. Cells were cultured in monolayer, self-assembled pellets or collagen hydrogels. Growth factors known to modulate keratocyte phenotype were chosen to supplement the serum free media, specifically insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor beta 1 and 3 (Tβ1 and Tβ3). The effects of serum-free media, growth factors and culture system on cell proliferation and morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis were evaluated. The expression of keratocyte markers was evaluated by real-time PCR, immunofluorescent staining and western blotting. In addition, cell migration was tested using scratch assays. When serum was removed from the cells they displayed a reduction in proliferation and ECM synthesis (not significant), in addition to a significant decrease in migratory capacity (p < 0.05). Serum-free media promoted increased expression of keratocan (130.68 ± 47.44-fold increase; p < 0.05) and collagen type I (15.58 ± 9.49-fold increase; p < 0.05). However, there was no significant change in ALDH3A1 and αSMA expression, while collagen type III expression was significantly increased (44.66 ± 25.61-fold increase; p < 0.05). In addition, cells retained an elongated fibroblastic morphology. In monolayer, the addition of Tβ1 and Tβ3 to serum free media resulted in reduced expression of keratocan, ALDH3A1 and collagen type I and III, increased expression of αSMA (p < 0.05) and an increase in cell proliferation and ECM synthesis. Pellet cultured cells demonstrated a significant increase in ALDH3A1 and collagen type I over 14 days relative to day 5 (p < 0.05), however the expression of fibrotic markers was also enhanced. Cells in collagen hydrogels did not increase expression of keratocyte markers in serum free conditions and underwent contraction in Tβ1 and Tβ3 supplemented media. These results demonstrate that corneal fibroblasts only partially express the phenotypic characteristics of keratocytes when cultured in serum-free medium. While growth factors did not significantly enhance this phenotype, it appears that pellet or self-assembled culture could be more beneficial to promoting a keratocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Lynch
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Finbarr O'Sullivan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ahearne
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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24
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Kumar P, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. Progress in Corneal Stromal Repair: From Tissue Grafts and Biomaterials to Modular Supramolecular Tissue-Like Assemblies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5381-5399. [PMID: 27028373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Corneal injuries and degenerative conditions have major socioeconomic consequences, given that in most cases, they result in blindness. In the quest of the ideal therapy, tissue grafts, biomaterials, and modular engineering approaches are under intense investigation. Herein, advancements and shortfalls are reviewed and future perspectives for these therapeutic strategies discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
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25
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Hadamitzky C, Zaitseva TS, Bazalova-Carter M, Paukshto MV, Hou L, Strassberg Z, Ferguson J, Matsuura Y, Dash R, Yang PC, Kretchetov S, Vogt PM, Rockson SG, Cooke JP, Huang NF. Aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds - Guiding lymphangiogenesis for treatment of acquired lymphedema. Biomaterials 2016; 102:259-267. [PMID: 27348849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphedema is a common disorder associated with acquired functional impairment of the lymphatic system. The goal of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds (BioBridge) positioned across the area of lymphatic obstruction in guiding lymphatic regeneration. In a porcine model of acquired lymphedema, animals were treated with BioBridge scaffolds, alone or in conjunction with autologous lymph node transfer as a source of endogenous lymphatic growth factor. They were compared with a surgical control group and a second control group in which the implanted BioBridge was supplemented with exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). Three months after implantation, immunofluorescence staining of lymphatic vessels demonstrated a significant increase in lymphatic collectors within close proximity to the scaffolds. To quantify the functional impact of scaffold implantation, bioimpedance was used as an early indicator of extracellular fluid accumulation. In comparison to the levels prior to implantation, the bioimpedance ratio was significantly improved only in the experimental BioBridge recipients with or without lymph node transfer, suggesting restoration of functional lymphatic drainage. These results further correlated with quantifiable lymphatic collectors, as visualized by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. They demonstrate the therapeutic potential of BioBridge scaffolds in secondary lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Hadamitzky
- Clinic of Plastic, Esthetic and Hand Surgery, Helios Clinic Hildesheim, Hildesheim 31135, Germany.,Clinic of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | | | - Magdalena Bazalova-Carter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P5C2, Canada
| | | | - Luqia Hou
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Zachary Strassberg
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | | | - Yuka Matsuura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Rajesh Dash
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Phillip C Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Peter M Vogt
- Clinic of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Stanley G Rockson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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26
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Dextran Preserves Native Corneal Structure During Decellularization. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:561-72. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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27
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Price JC, Roach P, El Haj AJ. Liquid Crystalline Ordered Collagen Substrates for Applications in Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:625-633. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Price
- ISTM
Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Roach
- ISTM
Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia J El Haj
- ISTM
Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
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28
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The Superficial Stromal Scar Formation Mechanism in Keratoconus: A Study Using Laser Scanning In Vivo Confocal Microscopy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7092938. [PMID: 26885515 PMCID: PMC4739471 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7092938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of superficial stromal scarring in advanced keratoconus using confocal microscopy, the keratocyte density, distribution, micromorphology of corneal stroma, and SNP in three groups were observed. Eight corneal buttons of advanced keratoconus were examined by immunohistochemistry. The keratocyte densities in the sub-Bowman's stroma, anterior stroma, and posterior stroma and the mean SNP density were significantly different among the three groups. In the mild-to-moderate keratoconus group, activated keratocyte nuclei and comparatively highly reflective ECM were seen in the sub-Bowman's stroma, while fibrotic structures with comparatively high reflection were visible in the anterior stroma in advanced keratoconus. The alternating dark and light bands in the anterior stroma of the mild-to-moderate keratoconus group showed great variability in width and direction. The wide bands were localized mostly in the posterior stroma that corresponded to the Vogt striae in keratoconus and involved the anterior stroma only in advanced keratoconus. Histopathologically, high immunogenicity of α-SMA, vimentin, and FAP was expressed in the region of superficial stromal scarring. In vivo confocal microscopy revealed microstructural changes in the keratoconic cone. The activation of superficial keratocytes and abnormal remodeling of ECM may both play a key role in the superficial stromal scar formation in advanced keratoconus.
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29
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Levis HJ, Daniels JT. Recreating the Human Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Niche with Bioengineered Limbal Crypts. Curr Eye Res 2016; 41:1153-60. [PMID: 26727236 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1095932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Creation of an in vitro model incorporating specific features that characterize a particular stem niche would allow researchers to study stem cell behavior in a more physiological environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have developed a tissue engineering process (RAFT) that rapidly and reliably creates bioengineered limbal crypts (BLCs) in the surface of collagen-based tissue equivalents (TEs). These BLCs mimic the three-dimensional topography of the limbal crypts (LCs), located in the limbal region of the human cornea, which are home to a population of limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs). RESULTS Human limbal epithelial (hLE) cells occupying our BLCs expressed putative LESC markers such as ΔNp63α and Bmi1 and produced basement membrane proteins such as laminin β1 and laminin γ3; expression patterns are very similar to those seen in native LCs. Human limbal stromal cells elongate and align along the edge of native LCs and in our RAFT TEs, human limbal fibroblasts (hLFs) also appeared to exhibit this alignment and elongation behavior in response to the BLC topography. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that we can maintain an immature population of hLE cells and aligned stromal cells in our BLCs to mimic some elements of the complexity of the human LESC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Levis
- a Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics , UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London , UK
| | - Julie T Daniels
- a Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics , UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London , UK
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30
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Nakayama KH, Hong G, Lee JC, Patel J, Edwards B, Zaitseva TS, Paukshto MV, Dai H, Cooke JP, Woo YJ, Huang NF. Aligned-Braided Nanofibrillar Scaffold with Endothelial Cells Enhances Arteriogenesis. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6900-8. [PMID: 26061869 PMCID: PMC4757475 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to enhance the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells (ECs) using nanoscale signaling cues from aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds in the setting of tissue ischemia. Thread-like nanofibrillar scaffolds with porous structure were fabricated from aligned-braided membranes generated under shear from liquid crystal collagen solution. Human ECs showed greater outgrowth from aligned scaffolds than from nonpatterned scaffolds. Integrin α1 was in part responsible for the enhanced cellular outgrowth on aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds, as the effect was abrogated by integrin α1 inhibition. To test the efficacy of EC-seeded aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds in improving neovascularization in vivo, the ischemic limbs of mice were treated with EC-seeded aligned nanofibrillar scaffold; EC-seeded nonpatterned scaffold; ECs in saline; aligned nanofibrillar scaffold alone; or no treatment. After 14 days, laser Doppler blood spectroscopy demonstrated significant improvement in blood perfusion recovery when treated with EC-seeded aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds, in comparison to ECs in saline or no treatment. In ischemic hindlimbs treated with scaffolds seeded with human ECs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-ECs), single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) fluorophores were systemically delivered to quantify microvascular density after 28 days. Near infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) imaging of SWNT fluorophores demonstrated that iPSC-EC-seeded aligned scaffolds group showed significantly higher microvascular density than the saline or cells groups. These data suggest that treatment with EC-seeded aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds improved blood perfusion and arteriogenesis, when compared to treatment with cells alone or scaffold alone, and have important implications in the design of therapeutic cell delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina H. Nakayama
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guosong Hong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jerry C. Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Edwards
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Hongjie Dai
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y. Joseph Woo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Address for Correspondence: Ngan F. Huang, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Address: 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5407, Tel: (650) 849-0559, Fax: (650) 849-1215,
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31
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Xu B, Ju Y, Cui Y, Song G. Carbon nanotube array inducing osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 51:182-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Fox CB, Kim J, Schlesinger EB, Chirra HD, Desai TA. Fabrication of micropatterned polymeric nanowire arrays for high-resolution reagent localization and topographical cellular control. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:1540-6. [PMID: 25639724 PMCID: PMC4664059 DOI: 10.1021/nl503872p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a novel approach for the fabrication of micropatterned polymeric nanowire arrays that addresses the current need for scalable and customizable polymer nanofabrication. We describe two variations of this approach for the patterning of nanowire arrays on either flat polymeric films or discrete polymeric microstructures and go on to investigate biological applications for the resulting polymeric features. We demonstrate that the micropatterned arrays of densely packed nanowires facilitate rapid, low-waste drug and reagent localization with micron-scale resolution as a result of their high wettability. We also show that micropatterned nanowire arrays provide hierarchical cellular control by simultaneously directing cell shape on the micron scale and influencing focal adhesion formation on the nanoscale. This nanofabrication approach has potential applications in scaffold-based cellular control, biological assay miniaturization, and biomedical microdevice technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade B. Fox
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jean Kim
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Erica B. Schlesinger
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Hariharasudhan D. Chirra
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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Iu J, Santerre JP, Kandel RA. Inner and Outer Annulus Fibrosus Cells Exhibit Differentiated Phenotypes and Yield Changes in Extracellular Matrix Protein Composition In Vitro on a Polycarbonate Urethane Scaffold. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:3261-9. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Iu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J. Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rita A. Kandel
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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34
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Biofunctionalization of gelatin microcarrier with oxidized hyaluronic acid for corneal keratocyte cultivation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:277-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Ceylan H, Kocabey S, Unal Gulsuner H, Balcik OS, Guler MO, Tekinay AB. Bone-Like Mineral Nucleating Peptide Nanofibers Induce Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Mature Osteoblasts. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2407-18. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500248r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Ceylan
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Samet Kocabey
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilal Unal Gulsuner
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ozlem S. Balcik
- Department
of Hematology, School of Medicine Hospital, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, 06510, Turkey
| | - Mustafa O. Guler
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ayse B. Tekinay
- Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research
Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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36
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Muthusubramaniam L, Zaitseva T, Paukshto M, Martin G, Desai T. Effect of collagen nanotopography on keloid fibroblast proliferation and matrix synthesis: implications for dermal wound healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2728-36. [PMID: 24724556 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloids are locally exuberant dermal scars characterized by excessive fibroblast proliferation and matrix accumulation. Although treatment strategies include surgical removal and intralesional steroid injections, an effective regimen is yet to be established due to a high rate of recurrence. The regressing center and growing margin of the keloid have different collagen architecture and also differ in the rate of proliferation. To investigate whether proliferation is responsive to collagen topography, keloid, scar, and dermal fibroblasts were cultured on nanopatterned scaffolds varying in collagen fibril diameter and alignment-small and large diameter, aligned and random fibrils, and compared to cells grown on flat collagen-coated substrates, respectively. Cell morphology, proliferation, and expression of six genes related to proliferation (cyclin D1), phenotype (α-smooth muscle actin), and matrix synthesis (collagens I and III, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -2) were measured to evaluate cell response. Fibril alignment was shown to reduce proliferation and matrix synthesis in all three types of fibroblasts. Further, keloid cells were found to be most responsive to nanotopography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Muthusubramaniam
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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37
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Guo Q, Phillip JM, Majumdar S, Wu PH, Chen J, Calderón-Colón X, Schein O, Smith BJ, Trexler MM, Wirtz D, Elisseeff JH. Modulation of keratocyte phenotype by collagen fibril nanoarchitecture in membranes for corneal repair. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9365-72. [PMID: 24041426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Type I collagen membranes with tailored fibril nanoarchitectures were fabricated through a vitrification processing, which mimicked, to a degree, the collagen maturation process of corneal stromal extracellular matrix in vivo. Vitrification was performed at a controlled temperature of either 5 °C or 39 °C at a constant relative humidity of 40% for various time periods from 0.5 wk up to 8 wk. During vitrification, the vitrified collagen membranes (collagen vitrigels, CVs) exhibited a rapid growth in fibrillar density through the evaporation of water and an increase in fibrillar stiffness due to the formation of new and/or more-stable interactions. On the other hand, the collagen fibrils in CVs maintained their D-periodicity and showed no significant difference in fibrillar diameter, indicating preservation of the native states of the collagen fibrils during vitrification. Keratocyte phenotype was maintained on CVs to varying degrees that were strongly influenced by the collagen fibril nanoarchitectures. Specifically, the vitrification time of CVs mainly governed the keratocyte morphology, showing significant increases in the cell protrusion number, protrusion length, and cell size along with CV vitrification time. The CV vitrification temperature affected the regulation of keratocyte fibroblasts' gene expressions, including keratocan and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), demonstrating a unique way to control the expression of specific genes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Guo
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Denning D, Paukshto MV, Habelitz S, Rodriguez BJ. Piezoelectric properties of aligned collagen membranes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 102:284-92. [PMID: 24030958 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Electromechanical coupling, a phenomenon present in collagenous materials, may influence cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Here, electromechanical coupling has been investigated via piezoresponse force microscopy in transparent and opaque membranes consisting of helical-like arrays of aligned type I collagen fibrils self-assembled from acidic solution. Using atomic force microscopy, the transparent membrane was determined to contain fibrils having an average diameter of 76 ± 14 nm, whereas the opaque membrane comprised fibrils with an average diameter of 391 ± 99 nm. As the acidity of the membranes must be neutralized before they can serve as cell culture substrates, the structure and piezoelectric properties of the membranes were measured under ambient conditions before and after the neutralization process. A crimp structure (1.59 ± 0.37 µm in width) perpendicular to the fibril alignment became apparent in the transparent membrane when the pH was adjusted from acidic (pH = 2.5) to neutral (pH = 7) conditions. In addition, a 1.35-fold increase was observed in the amplitude of the shear piezoelectricity of the transparent membrane. The structure and piezoelectric properties of the opaque membrane were not significantly affected by the neutralization process. The results highlight the presence of an additional translational order in the transparent membrane in the direction perpendicular to the fibril alignment. The piezoelectric response of both membrane types was found to be an order of magnitude lower than that of collagen fibrils in rat tail tendon. This reduced response is attributed to less-ordered molecular assembly than is present in D-periodic collagen fibrils, as evidenced by the absence of D-periodicity in the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Denning
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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The modulation of endothelial cell morphology, function, and survival using anisotropic nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4038-4047. [PMID: 23480958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are aligned longitudinally under laminar flow, whereas they are polygonal and poorly aligned in regions of disturbed flow. The unaligned ECs in disturbed flow fields manifest altered function and reduced survival that promote lesion formation. We demonstrate that the alignment of the ECs may directly influence their biology, independent of fluid flow. We developed aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds that mimic the structure of collagen bundles in blood vessels, and examined the effects of these materials on EC alignment, function, and in vivo survival. ECs cultured on 30-nm diameter aligned fibrils re-organized their F-actin along the nanofibril direction, and were 50% less adhesive for monocytes than the ECs grown on randomly oriented fibrils. After EC transplantation into both subcutaneous tissue and the ischemic hindlimb, EC viability was enhanced when ECs were cultured and implanted on aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds, in contrast to non-patterned scaffolds. ECs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells and cultured on aligned scaffolds also persisted for over 28 days, as assessed by bioluminescence imaging, when implanted in ischemic tissue. By contrast, ECs implanted on scaffolds without nanopatterning generated no detectable bioluminescent signal by day 4 in either normal or ischemic tissues. We demonstrate that 30-nm aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds guide cellular organization, modulate endothelial inflammatory response, and enhance cell survival after implantation in normal and ischemic tissues.
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