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Ubowski MM, VanSice R, Marriott M, Yacobucci MJ, Chablani L. Amplifying Immune Responses: Microparticulate Vaccine Approach Against Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2024; 16:149-162. [PMID: 38562650 PMCID: PMC10984203 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s441368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The study focuses on evaluating the immune responses generated by a novel microparticulate murine breast cancer vaccine. Methods The methodology included the use of a co-culture model of dendritic cells (DCs), and T-cells to evaluate the immunotherapeutic responses generated by the vaccine. Results The study observed that the dendritic cells expressed significantly higher levels of MHC I, MHC II, CD 40, and CD 80 cell surface markers in the presence of the vaccine microparticles than the controls (p<0.05). This response was potentiated in the presence of an adjuvant, Poly (I:C). The study also demonstrated that the vaccine microparticles do not elicit inflammatory (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-12) or immunosuppressive (IL-10) cytokine production when compared to the control. Discussion In conclusion, the study established the role of DCs in stimulating the cancer vaccine's adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan VanSice
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, Rochester, NY, 14618, USA
| | - Morgan Marriott
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, Rochester, NY, 14618, USA
| | | | - Lipika Chablani
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, Rochester, NY, 14618, USA
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Hoover AR, More S, Liu K, West CL, Valerio TI, Furrer CL, Adams JP, Yu N, Villalva C, Kumar A, Alleruzzo L, Lam SSK, Hode T, Papin JF, Chen WR. N-dihydrogalactochitosan serves as an effective mucosal adjuvant for intranasal vaccine in combination with recombinant viral proteins against respiratory infection. Acta Biomater 2024; 175:279-292. [PMID: 38160856 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal vaccinations for respiratory pathogens provide effective protection as they stimulate localized cellular and humoral immunities at the site of infection. Currently, the major limitation of intranasal vaccination is using effective adjuvants capable of withstanding the harsh environment imposed by the mucosa. Herein, we describe the efficacy of using a unique biopolymer, N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC), as a nasal mucosal vaccine adjuvant against respiratory infections. Specifically, we mixed GC with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike (S) and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins to intranasally vaccinate K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, in comparison with Addavax (AV), an MF-59 equivalent. In contrast to AV, intranasal application of GC induces a robust, systemic antigen-specific antibody response and increases the number of T cells in the cervical lymph nodes. Moreover, GC+S+NC-vaccinated animals were largely resistant to the lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge and experienced drastically reduced morbidity and mortality, with animal weights and behavior returning to normal 22 days post-infection. In contrast, animals intranasally vaccinated with AV+S+NC experienced severe weight loss, mortality, and respiratory distress, with none surviving beyond 6 days post-infection. Our findings demonstrate that GC can serve as a potent mucosal vaccine adjuvant against SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other respiratory viruses. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrated that a unique biopolymer, N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC), was an effective nasal mucosal vaccine adjuvant against respiratory infections. Specifically, we mixed GC with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike (S) and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins to intranasally vaccinate K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, in comparison with Addavax (AV). In contrast to AV, GC induces a robust, systemic antigen-specific antibody response and increases the number of T cells in the cervical lymph nodes. About 90 % of the GC+S+NC-vaccinated animals survived the lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge and remained healthy 22 days post-infection, while the AV+S+NC-vaccinated animals experienced severe weight loss and respiratory distress, and all died within 6 days post-infection. Our findings demonstrate that GC is a potent mucosal vaccine adjuvant against SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Hoover
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sunil More
- Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | - Kaili Liu
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Connor L West
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Trisha I Valerio
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Coline L Furrer
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jacob P Adams
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Ningli Yu
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Crystal Villalva
- Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Biogen Inc., 225 Bnney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lu Alleruzzo
- Immunophotonics, Inc., 4340 Duncan Avenue, Suite 212, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel S K Lam
- Immunophotonics, Inc., 4340 Duncan Avenue, Suite 212, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tomas Hode
- Immunophotonics, Inc., 4340 Duncan Avenue, Suite 212, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - James F Papin
- Department Pathology and Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Wei R Chen
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
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Weiss CM, Liu H, Ball EE, Hoover AR, Wong TS, Wong CF, Lam S, Hode T, Keel MK, Levenson RM, Chen WR, Coffey LL. N-dihydrogalactochitosan reduces mortality in a lethal mouse model of SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289139. [PMID: 37552656 PMCID: PMC10409267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence and global dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 continues to cause an unprecedented global health burden resulting in nearly 7 million deaths. While multiple vaccine countermeasures have been approved for emergency use, additional treatments are still needed due to sluggish vaccine rollout, vaccine hesitancy, and inefficient vaccine-mediated protection. Immunoadjuvant compounds delivered intranasally can guide non-specific innate immune responses during the critical early stages of viral replication, reducing morbidity and mortality. N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC) is a novel mucoadhesive immunostimulatory polymer of β-0-4-linked N-acetylglucosamine that is solubilized by the conjugation of galactose glycans with current applications as a cancer immunotherapeutic. We tested GC as a potential countermeasure for COVID-19. GC was well-tolerated and did not produce histopathologic lesions in the mouse lung. GC administered intranasally before and after SARS-CoV-2 exposure diminished morbidity and mortality in humanized ACE2 receptor expressing mice by up to 75% and reduced infectious virus levels in the upper airway. Fluorescent labeling of GC shows that it is confined to the lumen or superficial mucosa of the nasal cavity, without involvement of adjacent or deeper tissues. Our findings demonstrate a new application for soluble immunoadjuvants such as GC for preventing disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 and may be particularly attractive to persons who are needle-averse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Erin E. Ball
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ashley R. Hoover
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Talia S. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Chun Fung Wong
- Immunophotonics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Samuel Lam
- Immunophotonics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tomas Hode
- Immunophotonics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - M. Kevin Keel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Levenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Wei R. Chen
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Lark L. Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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Ji Z, Xu J, Li M, Wang H, Xu B, Yang Y, Hu Y. The Mechanisms of Immune-chemotherapy with Nanocomplex Codelivery of pTRP-2 and Adjuvant of Paclitaxel against Melanoma. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1744-1752. [PMID: 35193436 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2045306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma accounts for the highest proportion of all skin cancer deaths. Immune-chemotherapy has transformed anti-melanoma therapy and is a preferred first-line combination strategy for melanoma. We previously prepared dendritic cells (DCs) targeting the nanocomplex paclitaxel (PTX)-encapsulated sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE)/mannosylated N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (mTMC)/DNA (PTX/SBE-DNA/Man-TMC) for the co-delivery of pTRP-2 DNA and adjuvant PTX. The nanocomplex PTX/SBE-DNA/Man-TMC promoted DC maturation and antigen presentation and spur potent anti-melanoma immunity. However, the mechanism by which PTX/SBE-DNA/Man-TMC regulates the biological functions of DCs and T lymphocytes is unknown. Therefore, we explored the underlying signaling pathways and mixed leukocyte reactions, resulting in enhanced T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Interleukin-12 secretion from nanocomplex-pulsed mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells was inhibited by treatment with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and a specific blocker of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The results revealed that TLR-4, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways were essential anti-tumor immune responses regulation factors. Furthermore, mixed leukocytes pulsed with PTX/SBE-DNA/Man-TMC induced tumor cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle in G0/G1, significantly promoting the synergy. Thus, we concluded that the mechanism driving the PTX/SBE-DNA/Man-TMC immune-chemotherapy synergistic effect was multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ji
- Pharmacy, Zhejiang pharmaceutical college, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Beihua Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Yunxu Yang
- Pharmacy, Zhejiang pharmaceutical college, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's republic of China.,Pharmacy, Zhejiang pharmaceutical college, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
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El-Hussein A, Manoto SL, Ombinda-Lemboumba S, Alrowaili ZA, Mthunzi-Kufa P. A Review of Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy for Lung Cancer Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:149-161. [PMID: 32242788 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200403144945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Among the different types of cancers, lung cancer is considered to be the leading cause of death related to cancer and the most commonly diagnosed form of such disease. Chemotherapy remains a dominant treatment modality for many types of cancers at different stages. However, in many cases, cancer cells develop drug resistance and become nonresponsive to chemotherapy, thus, necessitating the exploration of alternative and /or complementary treatment modalities. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective treatment modality for various malignant neoplasia and tumors. In PDT, the photochemical interaction of light, Photosensitizer (PS) and molecular oxygen produces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which induces cell death. Combination therapy, by using PDT and chemotherapy, can promote synergistic effect against this fatal disease with the elimination of drug resistance, and enhancement of the efficacy of cancer eradication. In this review, we give an overview of chemotherapeutic modalities, PDT, and the different types of drugs associated with each therapy. Furthermore, we also explored the combined use of chemotherapy and PDT in the course of lung cancer treatment and how this approach could be the last resort for thousands of patients that have been diagnosed by this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Hussein
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sello L Manoto
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), National Laser Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Ziya A Alrowaili
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patience Mthunzi-Kufa
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), National Laser Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
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Lima BV, Oliveira MJ, Barbosa MA, Gonçalves RM, Castro F. Immunomodulatory potential of chitosan-based materials for cancer therapy: a systematic review of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3209-3227. [PMID: 33949372 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01984d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (Ch) has recently been used in different studies as a vaccine adjuvant with an ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). This systematic review aims to elucidate the added value of using Ch-based therapies for immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer treatment, through the exploration of different Ch-based formulations, their capacity to modulate immune cells in vitro and in vivo, and their translational potential for clinical settings. A systematic review was conducted on PubMed, following both inclusion and exclusion steps. Original articles which focused on the immunomodulatory role of Ch-based formulations in the TME were included, as well as its usage as a delivery vehicle for other immunomodulatory molecules. This review illustrates the added value of Ch-based systems to reshape the TME, through the modulation of immune cells using different Ch formulations, namely solutions, films, gels, microneedles and nanoparticles. Generally, Ch-based formulations increase the recruitment and proliferation of cells associated with pro-inflammatory abilities and decrease cells which exert anti-inflammatory activities. These effects correlated with a decreased tumor weight, reduced metastases, reversion of the immunosuppressive TME and increased survival in vivo. Overall, Ch-based formulations present the potential for immunotherapy in cancer. Nevertheless, clinical translation remains challenging, since the majority of the studies use Ch in formulations with other components, implicating that some of the observed effects could result from the combination of the individual effects. More studies on the use of different Ch-based formulations, complementary to standardization and disclosure of the Ch properties used are required to improve the immunomodulatory effects of Ch-based formulations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz V Lima
- i3S - Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. and INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Oliveira
- i3S - Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. and INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- i3S - Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. and INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Gonçalves
- i3S - Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. and INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávia Castro
- i3S - Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. and INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Novel Immune Stimulant Amplifies Direct Tumoricidal Effect of Cancer Ablation Therapies and Their Systemic Antitumor Immune Efficacy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030492. [PMID: 33668932 PMCID: PMC7996593 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ablation therapies have emerged as an effective tool for destroying cancerous tissue, but for advanced and disseminated tumors their application remains mainly a palliative measure. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that this limitation can be redressed by the use of intratumoral immune stimulating agents for amplifying potential antitumor immune responses that are induced by ablation therapies. A novel immune stimulating drug IP-001, a specific variant of the N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC) family of molecules, has shown to be effective against metastatic tumors, when combined with different forms tumor ablation. It acts as a multi-function immune stimulant both by directly inhibiting cell membrane repair and recycling of ablation-damaged tumor cells, and indirectly by sequestering ablation-released tumor antigens, as well as recruiting and stimulating antigen presenting cells to induce a potent Th1 type T cell response against the cancer. In this review, we briefly discuss the current applications of local ablation for cancer treatment and the effects of GC in combination with other ablation therapies, a therapeutic approach that is pioneering the field of Interventional Immuno-Oncology (IIO).
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Photobiomodulation of avian embryos by red laser. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:1177-1189. [PMID: 33011859 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The current research focuses on the effect of variable doses of red laser on the chick embryonic development. He-Ne laser of 632-nm wavelength was used as an irradiation source in the first 48 h post-laying of chicken eggs. We have used five different doses: 2, 1, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1 mJ/cm2 that needed a time range for about 400-20 s. Those irradiated embryos were left for additional 11 days for incubation in normal conditions, where they are blindly studied after the 11th day. Light microscopy was used in this study to investigate the histological and pathological features of the different experimental groups compared to the control one. However, electron microcopy was utilized to trace the apoptotic distribution in the developmental embryos. Minor abnormalities that are dependent on the laser dose have been shown in the irradiated embryos when compared to the sham group, where the highest laser dose showed about 12% embryonic development anomalies when related to the other irradiated groups. Irradiated embryos were found to express more INF-γ and IL-2 as circulating cytokines relative to the unexposed group, where the levels of IL-2 were highly significantly increased by all laser doses (0.3 mJ/cm2 light dose recipient group showed significant increase only when compared to the control group). IFN-γ levels were significantly increased as well by light doses above 0.2 mJ/cm2. This IFN-γ increase trend seemed to be laser dose-dependent. Simultaneously, these combined results propose the ability of high laser doses in inducing incurable changes in the embryonic development and consequently such alterations can have potential therapeutic applications through what is known as photobiomodulation.
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Mohamed MS, Elshaghabee FM, Alharbi SA, El-Hussein A. The Prospective Beneficial Effects of Red Laser Exposure on Lactocaseibacillus casei Fermentation of Skim Milk. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090256. [PMID: 32878056 PMCID: PMC7565532 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic lactic acid bacteria are crucial producers of fermented dairy products that are popular functional foods in many countries. The health benefits of probiotic bacteria are mainly attributed to their effective bioactive metabolites. The quality of fermented milk is mainly dependent on the bacterial strain used in the fermentation process. In this study, an innovative technique is used in order to enhance the activities of the probiotic bacteria, quality of fermented milk, and consequently the whole fermentation process. Red laser dosages, at the wavelength of 632.7 nm, were applied to the type strain Lacticaseibacillus casei NRRL-B-1922 before the fermentation of skim milk. The results revealed that the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical and total antioxidant capacity were significantly increased from 21% in untreated control to 56% after bacterial laser irradiation of 12 J/cm2 dosage for 40 min. The antioxidant activity was found to be increased as the red laser dosage increased in a dose-response relationship. Additionally, the lactose fermentation in skim milk medium of 43.22 mg/mL initial concentration into organic acids was enhanced after L. casei irradiation and recorded 23.15 mg/mL compared to control group 28.35 mg/mL without bacterial pre-treatment. These results are correlated with increase of the β-Galactosidase activity, where the L. casei that has been exposed to 40 min of red laser exhibited the higher activity of a 0.37 unit/mL relative to the control 0.25 unit/mL. The assessment of this fermented milk after L. casei laser exposure for 10, 20, and 40 min indicates multiple biological effects, including assimilation of cholesterol as well as proteolytic and antibacterial activity. Our data on the exposure of L. casei to laser beam suggest promising application of red laser in the fermentation process of skim milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S.M. Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.S.M.M.); (A.E.-H.)
| | | | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed El-Hussein
- The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.S.M.M.); (A.E.-H.)
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Kasem MA, Yousef I, Alrowaili ZA, Zedan M, El-Hussein A. Investigating Egyptian archeological bone diagenesis using ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1752480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Kasem
- The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - I. Yousef
- MIRAS Beamline, infrared spectroscopy & microscopy, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Z. A. Alrowaili
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Zedan
- The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A. El-Hussein
- The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Florean C, Dicato M, Diederich M. Immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory marine compounds against cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:58-72. [PMID: 32070764 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in cancer immunotherapy confirm the crucial role of the immune system in cancer progression and treatment. Chronic inflammation and reduced immune surveillance are both features of the tumor microenvironment. Strategies aimed at reverting pro-tumor inflammation and stimulating the antitumor immune components are being actively searched, and the anticancer effects of many candidate drugs have been linked to their ability to modulate the immune system. Marine organisms constitute a rich reservoir of new bioactive molecules; some of them have already been exploited for pharmaceutical use, whereas many others are undergoing clinical or preclinical investigations for the treatment of different diseases, including cancer. In this review, we will discuss the immune-modulatory properties of marine compounds for their potential use in cancer prevention and treatment and as possible tools in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Florean
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Korbelik M, Banáth J, Zhang W, Hode T, Lam SSK, Gallagher P, Zhao J, Zeng H, Chen WR. N-dihydrogalactochitosan-supported tumor control by photothermal therapy and photothermal therapy-generated vaccine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 204:111780. [PMID: 31981988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is recently clinically established cancer therapy that uses near-infrared light for thermal ablation of solid tumors. The biopolymer N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC) was shown in multiple reports to act as a very effective adjunct to tumor PTT. In the present study, mouse tumor model SCCVII (squamous cell carcinoma) was used with two protocols, in situ tumor PTT and therapeutic PTT vaccine for tumors, for investigating the effects of GC. The results reveal that GC can potentiate tumoricidal action of PTT through both direct and indirect mechanisms. In addition to previously known capacity of GC for activating immune effector cells, the indirect means is shown to include reducing the populations of immunoregulatory T cells (Tregs) in PTT-treated tumors. Testing the effects of GC on PTT-treated SCCVII tumor cells in vitro uncovered the existence of a direct mechanism evident by reduced colony survival of these cells. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated increased binding of fluorescein-labeled GC to PTT-treated compared to untreated SCCVII cells that can be blocked by pre-exposure to annexin V. The results of additional in vitro testing with specific inhibitors demonstrate that these direct mechanisms do not involve the engagement of death surface receptors that trigger extrinsic apoptosis pathway signaling but may be linked to pro-survival activity of caspase-1. Based on the latter, it can be suggested that GC-promoted killing of PTT-treated cells stems from interference of GC bound to damaged membrane components with the repair of these structures that consequently hinders cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Korbelik
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Judit Banáth
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tomas Hode
- Immunophotonics Inc., St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Samuel S K Lam
- Immunophotonics Inc., St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Paul Gallagher
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wei R Chen
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, United States of America
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Qi S, Lu L, Zhou F, Chen Y, Xu M, Chen L, Yu X, Chen WR, Zhang Z. Neutrophil infiltration and whole-cell vaccine elicited by N-dihydrogalactochitosan combined with NIR phototherapy to enhance antitumor immune response and T cell immune memory. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1814-1832. [PMID: 32042338 PMCID: PMC6993227 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the deadliest malignancies with a high risk of relapse and metastasis. Long-term, tumor-specific, and systemic immunity induced by local intervention is ideal for personalized cancer therapy. Laser immunotherapy (LIT), a combination of local irradiation of laser and local administration of an immunostimulant, was developed to achieve such an immunity. Although LIT showed promising efficacy on tumors, its immunological mechanism is still not understood, especially its spatio-temporal dynamics. Methods: In this study, we investigated LIT-induced immunological responses using a 980-nm laser and a novel immunostimulant, N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC). Then we followed the functions of key immune cells spatially and temporally using intravital imaging and immunological assays. Results: Immediately after LIT, GC induced a rapid infiltration of neutrophils which ingested most GC in tumors. The cytokines released to the serum peaked at 12 h after LIT. Laser irradiations produced photothermal effects to ablate the tumor, release damage-associated molecular patterns, and generate whole-cell tumor vaccines. LIT-treated tumor-bearing mice efficiently resisted the rechallenged tumor and prevented lung metastasis. Intravital imaging of tumor at rechallenging sites in LIT-treated mice revealed that the infiltration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) increased with highly active motility. Half of TILs with arrest and confined movements indicated that they had long-time interactions with tumor cells. Furthermore, LIT has synergistic effect with checkpoint blockade to improve antitumor efficacy. Conclusion: Our research revealed the important role of LIT-induced neutrophil infiltration on the in situ whole-cell vaccine-elicited antitumor immune response and long-term T cell immune memory.
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N-dihydrogalactochitosan as immune and direct antitumor agent amplifying the effects of photodynamic therapy and photodynamic therapy-generated vaccines. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105764. [PMID: 31352327 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming apparent that to obtain robust and prolonged antitumor responses in cancer immunotherapy, appropriate adjunct agents promoting both tumor antigen delivery and immune rejection enhancement are critically required. The semisynthetic biopolymer N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC) is emerging as a promising such candidate. In the present study, the effects of GC were investigated when combined with cancer vaccines generated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) using mouse tumor model SCCVII (squamous cell carcinoma). The adjunct GC treatment was found to enhance therapeutic benefit obtained with PDT vaccine, while reducing the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Another important property of GC is promoting directly the death of SCCVII cells sustaining injury from PDT mediated by various photosensitizers. This effect is extended to cells treated by cryoablation therapy (CAT) performed by exposure to -80 °C. A capacity of GC for preferential binding to PDT treated cells was demonstrated using fluorescence microscopy. In vitro testing with specific caspase-1 inhibitor revealed a pro-survival role of this enzyme in membrane lipid repair mechanisms following combined PDT plus GC treatment. In conclusion, GC represents a uniquely promising adjunct for various PDT protocols, photothermal and similar rapid tumor-ablating therapies.
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El-Hussein A, Kasem MA, Elfaham MM, Saad A, Hamblin MR. WITHDRAWN: Effect of He-Ne laser irradiation on embryonic development in chicken eggs. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019:S0079-6107(19)30074-4. [PMID: 31077705 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). These articles are retracted at the request of the authors. The joint Editors-in-Chief agree with this decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- A El-Hussein
- The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - M A Kasem
- The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - A Saad
- Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - M R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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16
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Umeshappa CS, Shao K. Comment on "Coadministration of iRGD with Multistage Responsive Nanoparticles Enhanced Tumor Targeting and Penetration Abilities for Breast Cancer Therapy". ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38659-38662. [PMID: 30360098 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is at the forefront of targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy. An improved combinatorial approach is highlighted for breast cancer treatment by Hu et al. in this issue of ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. The authors demonstrated that, by combining multistage-responsive nanoparticles carrying a therapeutic drug, doxorubicin, a photothermal agent, indocyanine green, and a nitric oxide donor with photothermal therapy and intravenous injection of a tumor-homing iRGD peptide, one could achieve efficient therapeutics distribution deep inside the tumor and nearly eradicate primary tumor growth. An in-depth understanding of this approach in combination with other strategies such as the use of immunomodulators would facilitate treating metastasis in distant organs, and clinical translation of this platform, benefiting cancer patients by providing long-lasting efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 4N1 , Canada
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , No 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , China
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Zhou F, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu M, Lang ML, Li M, Chen WR. Local Phototherapy Synergizes with Immunoadjuvant for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer through Induced Immunogenic Tumor Vaccine. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5335-5346. [PMID: 30068705 PMCID: PMC6214772 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To develop a synergistic combination therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer, using local phototherapy and immunotherapy, and to determine the efficacy and mechanism of the novel combination therapy using a highly metastatic pancreatic tumor model in mice.Experimental Design: Mice bearing Panc02-H7 pancreatic tumors (both subcutaneous and orthotopic) were treated with noninvasive or interventional photothermal therapy, followed by local application of an immunoadjuvant. Tumor growth and animal survival were assessed. Immune cell populations within spleen and tumors were evaluated by FACS and IHC, and cytokine levels were determined by ELISA.Results: Up to 75% of mice bearing subcutaneous tumors treated with combination therapy had complete tumor regression. Local photothermal therapy exposed/released damage-associated molecular patterns, which initiated an immunogenic tumor cell death, resulting in infiltration of antigen-presenting cells and Th1 immunity. Concomitant application of immunoadjuvant amplified Th1 immunity, especially the tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, with increased quantity and quality of T cells. Combination therapy also induced tumor-specific immune memory, as demonstrated by resistance to tumor rechallenge and production of memory T cells. For the treatment of orthotopic tumor, the combination therapy significantly reduced the primary tumors and metastases, and prolonged the animal survival time.Conclusions: This study indicated that combination of local phototherapy and immunotherapy induced a systemic immunity against established tumors and metastases in an aggressive, preclinical pancreatic tumor model, leading to a potential clinical method for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5335-46. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mark L Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Wei R Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
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