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Cuenca JP, Kang HJ, Fahad MAA, Park M, Choi M, Lee HY, Lee BT. Physico-mechanical and biological evaluation of heparin/VEGF-loaded electrospun polycaprolactone/decellularized rat aorta extracellular matrix for small-diameter vascular grafts. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1664-1684. [PMID: 35446751 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2069398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the continuous development of small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) (D < 5 mm) continues, most vascular grafts are made from synthetic polymers, which lead to serious complications from arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular ischemia. Here, to address these shortcomings, we combine synthetic polymers with natural decellularized small-diameter vessels and loaded with growth factor. We fabricated vascular grafts by electrospinning polycaprolactone (PCL) to decellularized rat aorta matrix (ECM) followed by heparin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) loading. In- vitro studies showed that PCL/ECM/VEGF vascular grafts, showed excellent hemocompatibility and biocompatibility properties. The vascular grafts implanted into the rat aorta revealed that the PCL/ECM/VEGF grafts promotes endothelial cells and smooth-muscle cells infiltration with a rate of FLK-1, ICAM1, and a-SMA distribution higher than that of the PCL and PCL/ECM vascular grafts at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after implantation. The PCL/ECM/VEGF vascular graft should be considered for potential small-diameter vascular grafts in clinical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Patrick Cuenca
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hoe-Jin Kang
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Md Abdullah Al Fahad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Myeongki Park
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Minji Choi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
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2
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Sorg H, Tilkorn DJ, Hauser J, Ring A. Improving Vascularization of Biomaterials for Skin and Bone Regeneration by Surface Modification: A Narrative Review on Experimental Research. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070298. [PMID: 35877349 PMCID: PMC9311595 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial tissue substitutes are of great interest for the reconstruction of destroyed and non-functional skin or bone tissue due to its scarcity. Biomaterials used as scaffolds for tissue regeneration are non-vascularized synthetic tissues and often based on polymers, which need ingrowth of new blood vessels to ensure nutrition and metabolism. This review summarizes previous approaches and highlights advances in vascularization strategies after implantation of surface-modified biomaterials for skin and bone tissue regeneration. The efficient integration of biomaterial, bioactive coating with endogenous degradable matrix proteins, physiochemical modifications, or surface geometry changes represents promising approaches. The results show that the induction of angiogenesis in the implant site as well as the vascularization of biomaterials can be influenced by specific surface modifications. The neovascularization of a biomaterial can be supported by the application of pro-angiogenic substances as well as by biomimetic surface coatings and physical or chemical surface activations. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the geometric properties of the three-dimensional biomaterial matrix play a central role, as they guide or even enable the ingrowth of blood vessels into a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Sorg
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marien Hospital Witten, Marienplatz 2, 58452 Witten, Germany;
- Department of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Tilkorn
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Hellweg 100, 45276 Essen, Germany; (D.J.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Jörg Hauser
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Hellweg 100, 45276 Essen, Germany; (D.J.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Andrej Ring
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, St. Rochus Hospital Castrop-Rauxel, Katholische St. Lukas Gesellschaft, Glückaufstraße 10, 44575 Castrop-Rauxel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2305-294-2801
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3
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Alsaigh T, Di Bartolo BA, Mulangala J, Figtree GA, Leeper NJ. Bench-to-Bedside in Vascular Medicine: Optimizing the Translational Pipeline for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. Circ Res 2021; 128:1927-1943. [PMID: 34110900 PMCID: PMC8208504 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease is a growing worldwide problem with a wide spectrum of clinical severity and is projected to consume >$21 billion per year in the United States alone. While vascular researchers have brought several therapies to the clinic in recent years, few of these approaches have leveraged advances in high-throughput discovery screens, novel translational models, or innovative trial designs. In the following review, we discuss recent advances in unbiased genomics and broader omics technology platforms, along with preclinical vascular models designed to enhance our understanding of disease pathobiology and prioritize targets for additional investigation. Furthermore, we summarize novel approaches to clinical studies in subjects with claudication and ischemic ulceration, with an emphasis on streamlining and accelerating bench-to-bedside translation. By providing a framework designed to enhance each aspect of future clinical development programs, we hope to enrich the pipeline of therapies that may prevent loss of life and limb for those with peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Alsaigh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Belinda A. Di Bartolo
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute and Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Australia
| | | | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute and Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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4
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Kargozar S, Baino F, Hamzehlou S, Hamblin MR, Mozafari M. Nanotechnology for angiogenesis: opportunities and challenges. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5008-5057. [PMID: 32538379 PMCID: PMC7418030 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs01021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role within the human body, from the early stages of life (i.e., embryonic development) to life-threatening diseases (e.g., cancer, heart attack, stroke, wound healing). Many pharmaceutical companies have expended huge efforts on both stimulation and inhibition of angiogenesis. During the last decade, the nanotechnology revolution has made a great impact in medicine, and regulatory approvals are starting to be achieved for nanomedicines to treat a wide range of diseases. Angiogenesis therapies involve the inhibition of angiogenesis in oncology and ophthalmology, and stimulation of angiogenesis in wound healing and tissue engineering. This review aims to summarize nanotechnology-based strategies that have been explored in the broad area of angiogenesis. Lipid-based, carbon-based and polymeric nanoparticles, and a wide range of inorganic and metallic nanoparticles are covered in detail. Theranostic and imaging approaches can be facilitated by nanoparticles. Many preparations have been reported to have a bimodal effect where they stimulate angiogenesis at low dose and inhibit it at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 917794-8564 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Francesco Baino
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 101 29 Torino, Italy
| | - Sepideh Hamzehlou
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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McLuckie M, Robotti F, Sanchez-Macedo N, Enderlin D, Frese L, Cheng PF, Levesque MP, Egaña JT, Poulikakos D, Ferrari A, Lindenblatt N. Lipoconstruct surface topography grating size influences vascularization onset in the dorsal skinfold chamber model. Acta Biomater 2020; 106:136-144. [PMID: 32044460 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After skin tissue injury or pathological removal, vascularization timing is paramount in graft survival. As full thickness skin grafts often fail to become perfused over larger surfaces, split-thickness grafts are preferred and can be used together with biomaterials, which themselves are non-angiogenic. One way of promoting vascular ingrowth is to "pre-vascularize" an engineered substitute by introducing endothelial cells (ECs). Since it has been previously demonstrated that surface structured biomaterials have an effect on wound healing, skin regeneration, and fibrosis reduction, we proposed that a microvascular-rich lipoconstruct with anisotropic topographical cues could be a clinically translatable vascularization approach. Murine lipofragments were formed with three polydimethylsiloxane molds (flat, 5 µm, and 50 µm parallel gratings) and implanted into the dorsal skinfold chamber of male C57BL/6 mice. Vascular ingrowth was observed through intravital microscopy over 21 days and further assessed by histology and protein identification. Our investigation revealed that topographical feature size influenced the commencement of neovascular ingrowth, with 5 µm gratings exhibiting early construct perfusion at 3 days post-operation, and 50 µm being delayed until day 5. We therefore postulate that surface structured lipoconstructs may serve as an easily obtained and produced construct suitable for providing soft tissue and ECs to tissue defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Skin graft failures due to inadequate or uneven perfusion frequently occur and can be even more complicated in deep, difficult to heal wounds, or bone coverage. In complex injuries, biomaterials are often used to cover bone structures with a standard split thickness graft; however, perfusion can take up to 3 weeks. Thus, any means to promote faster and uniform vascularization could significantly reduce healing time, as well as lower patient down-time. As pre-vascularized constructs have reported success in research, we created a cost-efficient, translatable method with no additional laboratory time as adipose tissue can be harvested and used immediately. We further used surface topography as an aspect to modulate construct perfusion, which has been reported for the first time here.
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6
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Wan X, Li P, Jin X, Su F, Shen J, Yuan J. Poly(ε-caprolactone)/keratin/heparin/VEGF biocomposite mats for vascular tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:292-300. [PMID: 31606923 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an effective growth and angiogenic cytokine, which stimulates proliferation and survival of endothelial cells, and promotes angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Binding VEGF with heparin could protect it from rapid degradation, subsequently allowing it to be controlled release. Primarily, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and keratin were coelectrospun, followed by conjugating with heparin and subsequently binding VEGF. The loaded heparin and VEGF on these mats were quantified, respectively. The surface characteristics of mats were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The VEGF delivery results indicated these mats could sustainably release VEGF for 2 weeks. Cell viability assays suggested these mats were valid to accelerate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation, while inhibit human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) growth under the combined actions of VEGF and heparin. The results tested by blood clotting times (APTT, PT, and TT), hemolysis, and platelet adhesion indicated the mats were blood compatible. To sum up, these biocomposite mats are ideal scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xingxing Jin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fu Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
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Hongxia C, Zaijun L, Ruiyi L, Guangli W, Zhiguo G. Molecular machine and gold/graphene quantum dot hybrid based dual amplification strategy for voltammetric detection of VEGF165. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:242. [PMID: 30877385 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were prepared via pyrolysis of citric acid and glutamic acid, then reacted with chlorauric acid to form a gold/graphene quantum dot hybrid (Au/GQD), and finally connected with hairpin DNA probe 1 (H1) and thionine (Thi). The H1-Au/GQD-Thi composite is found to be a viable redox probe for electrochemical and aptamer-based determination of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF165. A dual amplification strategy is employed based on the use of molecular machine and the Au/GQD. Each single VEGF165 molecule can bind two DNA probes via specific aptamer-target recognition to produce a molecular machine. Surface-tethered hairpin DNA 2 (H2) hybridizes with the molecular machine through proximity effect, and the prelocked toehold domain of H2 becomes exposed. This part binds to H1-Au/GQD-Thi to release the molecular machine which then moves to the neighboring H2 upon which a surface programmatic chain reaction is initiated. By continuous molecular machine travel, many H1-Au/GQD-Thi probes are present on the gold electrode surface. This implies an efficient signal amplification capability. The Au/GQD based redox probes in-situ catalyzes the redox activity of thionine and further enhances the detection signal. The aptasensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity for VEGF165. The square wave voltammetric signal, best measured at -0.18 V vs. Ag/AgCl, increases linearly in the 1.0 fM to 120 pM VEGF165 concentration range, and the detection limit is 0.3 fM. Conceivably, the method may be applied to other target proteins if the corresponding high-affinity aptamers are available. Graphical abstract This study report one dual amplification strategy for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of VEGF165 based on gold-graphene quantum dot hybrid (Au/GQD) and bipedal molecular machine (BMM) powered surface programmatic chain reaction (SPCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Hongxia
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Li Zaijun
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Li Ruiyi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Wang Guangli
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Gu Zhiguo
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Fang Q, Gu T, Fan J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao P. Evaluation of a hybrid small caliber vascular graft in a rabbit model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:461-473. [PMID: 30981517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A hybrid small-caliber artificial vascular graft based on bilayer porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) with curdlan and dipyridamole mixture film serving as the so-called sandwich filler was developed for biological performance evaluation. We evaluated the performance of the graft and filler. METHODS SIS was coated with heparin by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. Curdlan acted as the carrier of dipyridamole. Three types of graft tubes (2 mm internal diameter and 20 mm in length) were manufactured: bilayer SIS with 10% curdlan + 10% dipyridamole mixture film (SCD), bilayer SIS with 10% curdlan film (SC), and monolayer SIS (S). The remodeling characteristics of the grafts were evaluated by implanting them as bypass in rabbit carotid arteries for 2 and 3 months. Each group contained 16 rabbits, and 16 nonsurgical rabbits served as the control group. RESULTS Eight rabbits of each group, including the graft occluded group, were killed at 2 months and the others were killed at 3 months. Follow-up showed that all 8 grafts in SCD group were patent at 2 months. Six of 16 grafts in the SC group and 5 of 16 grafts in the S group were occluded at 2 months. One of 8 SCD grafts were occluded at 3 months and the patent showed a confluent endothelium without intimal hyperplasia. The neointima layer was composed of circumferentially aligned vascular smooth muscle cells. At 3 months, SC and S group grafts showed incomplete endothelialization and varying degrees of mural thrombus, accompanied by occlusion in the SC group (3 of 8) and S group (2 of 8). CONCLUSIONS The novel hybrid small caliber artificial vascular graft exhibited an improvement in revascularization resulting in high patency rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fang
- Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianxiang Gu
- Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Transmural capillary ingrowth is essential for confluent vascular graft healing. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:237-247. [PMID: 29111372 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous endothelialization of synthetic vascular grafts may occur via three independent or concurrent modalities: transanastomotic (TA) outgrowth, transmural (TM) ingrowth or fallout (FO) from the blood. The limited TA and FO endothelialization, which occurs in humans, results in poor long-term patency in the small diameter position, where TM ingrowth may offer a clinically relevant alternative. To achieve sequential analysis of each mode of healing, loop grafts comprising anastomotically isolated angiopermissive polyurethane control grafts were abluminally sealed using either ePTFE wraps or solid polyurethane skins and implanted in the rat infrarenal aortic loop model for twelve weeks. Positive control grafts showed improved endothelialization and patency compared to the abluminally isolated mid-grafts. Furthermore, the mid-graft healing was accelerated with surface heparin and heparin-growth factor (VEGF, PDGF) modification in a three-week sub-study. We are thus able to distinguish between the three vascular graft endothelialization modes, and conclude that fallout plays a secondary role to TM healing. The increased endothelialisation for growth factor presenting grafts indicates the promise of this simple approach but further optimization is required. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In addition to the full elucidation of, and differentiation between, the three healing/endothelialisation modes of vascular grafts, the significance of the work relates to the near-complete lack of endothelialisation of small diameter vascular grafts in humans (1-2 cm transanastomotic outgrowth on a graft that may be 60 cm long) even after decades of implantation. The concomitant retained midgraft thrombogenicity leads, together with anastomotic hyperplastic responses, to poor long-term outcomes. The large impact of successful translation of the current research to the achievement of full endothelialisation of long peripheral grafts in humans via transmural ingrowth (half a millimetre distance; thickness of the graft wall), is evident, and supported by the large improvements in clinical patencies achievable in by pre-seeding of ePTFE grafts with confluent endothelia.
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