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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Containing Composites for Biomedical Applications: Formulations, Properties, and Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2024; 8:218. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs8060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a wide range of hybrid formulations and composites containing calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) that are suitable for use in biomedical applications and currently on the market. The bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties of various CaPO4-based formulations make them valuable in the rapidly developing field of biomedical research, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the brittleness of CaPO4, it is essential to combine the desired osteologic properties of ceramic CaPO4 with those of other compounds to create novel, multifunctional bone graft biomaterials. Consequently, this analysis offers a thorough overview of the hybrid formulations and CaPO4-based composites that are currently known. To do this, a comprehensive search of the literature on the subject was carried out in all significant databases to extract pertinent papers. There have been many formulations found with different material compositions, production methods, structural and bioactive features, and in vitro and in vivo properties. When these formulations contain additional biofunctional ingredients, such as drugs, proteins, enzymes, or antibacterial agents, they offer improved biomedical applications. Moreover, a lot of these formulations allow cell loading and promote the development of smart formulations based on CaPO4. This evaluation also discusses basic problems and scientific difficulties that call for more investigation and advancements. It also indicates perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Yamaki D, Fukuba S, Okada M, Takeuchi S, Hoshi S, Matsuura T, Iwata T. Octacalcium phosphate collagen composite for periodontal regeneration in a canine one-wall intrabony defect. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:521-529. [PMID: 38356157 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the regenerative capacities of octacalcium phosphate collagen composite (OCP/Col) in one-wall intrabony defects in dogs. The background data discuss the present state of the field: No study has assessed the efficacy of OCP/Col for periodontal regeneration therapy despite the fact that OCP/Col has proved to be efficient for bone regeneration. METHODS In six beagle dogs, the mandibular left third premolars were extracted 12 weeks before the experimental surgery. Standardized bone defects (5 mm in height and 4 mm in width) were simulated on the distal surface of the second premolars and mesially on the fourth premolars. The defect was filled with either OCP/Col (experimental group) or left empty (control group). Histological and histomorphometric characteristics were compared 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS No infectious or ankylotic complications were detected at any of the tested sites. The experimental group exhibited a significantly greater volume, height, and area of newly formed bone than the control group. The former also showed a greater height of the newly formed cementum than the latter, although the results were not statistically significant. The newly formed periodontal ligaments were inserted into newly formed bone and cementum in the experimental group. CONCLUSION OCP/Col demonstrated high efficacy for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration that can be successfully applied for one-wall intrabony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Yamaki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Fukuba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehiro Okada
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shu Hoshi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Private Practice, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Suzuki O, Hamai R, Sakai S. The material design of octacalcium phosphate bone substitute: increased dissolution and osteogenecity. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:1-11. [PMID: 36581004 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) has been advocated as a precursor of bone apatite crystals. Recent studies have shown that synthetic OCP exhibits highly osteoconductive properties as a bone substitute material that stems from its ability to activate bone tissue-related cells, such as osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Accumulated experimental evidence supports the proposition that the OCP-apatite phase conversion under physiological conditions increases the stimulatory capacity of OCP. The conversion of OCP progresses by hydrolysis toward Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite with Ca2+ ion incorporation and inorganic phosphate ion release with concomitant increases in the solid Ca/P molar ratio, specific surface area, and serum protein adsorption affinity. The ionic dissolution rate during the hydrolysis reaction was controlled by introducing a high-density edge dislocation within the OCP lattice by preparing it through co-precipitation with gelatin. The enhanced dissolution intensifies the material biodegradation rate and degree of osteogenecity of OCP. Controlling the biodegradation rate relative to the dissolution acceleration may be vital for controlling the osteogenecity of OCP materials. This study investigates the effects of the ionic dissolution of OCP, focusing on the structural defects in OCP, as the enhanced metastability of the OCP phase modulates biodegradability followed by new bone formation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is recognized as a highly osteoconductive material that is biodegradable by osteoclastic resorption, followed by new bone formation by osteoblasts. However, if the degradation rate of OCP is increased by maintaining the original osteoconductivity or acquiring a bioactivity better than its current properties, then early replacement with new bone can be expected. Although cell introduction or growth factor addition by scaffold materials is the standard method for tissue engineering, material activity can be augmented by introducing dislocations into the lattice of the OCP. This review article summarizes the effects of introducing structural defects on activating OCP, which was obtained by co-precipitation with gelatin, as a bone substitute material and the mechanism of improved bone replacement performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Ryo Hamai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Susumu Sakai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Application to open wound extraction socket of new bone regenerative material. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY, MEDICINE, AND PATHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Calcium Phosphate-Based Biomaterials for Bone Repair. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040187. [PMID: 36278657 PMCID: PMC9589993 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic, tumoral, and infectious bone defects are common in clinics, and create a big burden on patient's families and society. Calcium phosphate (CaP)-based biomaterials have superior properties and have been widely used for bone defect repair, due to their similarities to the inorganic components of human bones. The biological performance of CaPs, as a determining factor for their applications, are dependent on their physicochemical properties. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) as the most thermally stable crystalline phase of CaP is mostly used in the form of ceramics or composites scaffolds with polymers. Nanostructured CaPs with large surface areas are suitable for drug/gene delivery systems. Additionally, CaP scaffolds with hierarchical nano-/microstructures have demonstrated excellent ability in promoting bone regeneration. This review focuses on the relationships and interactions between the physicochemical/biological properties of CaP biomaterials and their species, sizes, and morphologies in bone regeneration, including synthesis strategies, structure control, biological behavior, and the mechanisms of CaP in promoting osteogenesis. This review will be helpful for scientists and engineers to further understand CaP-based biomaterials (CaPs), and be useful in developing new high-performance biomaterials for bone repair.
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CORR Insights®: Octacalcium Phosphate/Gelatin Composite (OCP/Gel) Enhances Bone Repair in a Critical-sized Transcortical Femoral Defect Rat Model. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2022; 480:2056-2058. [PMID: 36036772 PMCID: PMC9473789 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Matsuzawa Y, Okubo N, Tanaka S, Kashiwazaki H, Kitagawa Y, Ohiro Y, Mikoya T, Akazawa T, Murata M. Primary Teeth-Derived Demineralized Dentin Matrix Autograft for Unilateral Maxillary Alveolar Cleft during Mixed Dentition. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030153. [PMID: 36135589 PMCID: PMC9506084 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This clinical report describes the immediate autograft of primary (milk) teeth-derived demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) granules for a 6-year-old boy with unilateral alveolar cleft. First, four primary teeth were extracted, crushed in an electric mill for 1 min, and the crushed granules were demineralized in 2% HNO3 solution for 20 min. Simultaneously, the nasal mucoperiosteum was pushed upwards above the apices of the permanent central incisor adjacent to the cleft. The nasal and palatal openings were closed by suturing the mucoperiosteum on both sides of the cleft with absorbable threads. The wet DDM granules were grafted into the managed cleft triangle space, and a labial flap was repositioned. The radiographic images at 6 months showed the continuous hard tissues in the cleft area and DDM granules onto lateral incisor (22) and impacted canine (23). The 3D-CT views at 2 years showed impacted tooth (22) blocked by primary canine and the replacement of DDM granules by bone near teeth (22,23). At 4 years, tooth crown (22) was situated just under the mucous membrane, and teeth (22,23) erupted spontaneously until 6 years without a maxillary expansion and a tow guidance of canine. The DDM granules contributed to bone formation without the inhibition of spontaneous tooth eruption. We concluded that autogenous primary teeth DDM graft should become a minimally invasive procedure without bone harvesting and morbidities for unilateral alveolar cleft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuzawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo 003-0026, Japan
| | - Naoto Okubo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Soichi Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kashiwazaki
- Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mikoya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Akazawa
- Industrial Technology and Environment Research Development, Hokkaido Research Organization, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Masaru Murata
- Division of Oral Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Tabatabaee S, Baheiraei N, Salehnia M. Fabrication and characterization of PHEMA–gelatin scaffold enriched with graphene oxide for bone tissue engineering. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:216. [PMID: 35397609 PMCID: PMC8994334 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Growing investigations demonstrate that graphene oxide (GO) has an undeniable impact on repairing damaged bone tissue. Moreover, it has been stated in the literatures that poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and gelatin could provide a biocompatible structure.
Methods
In this research, we fabricated a scaffold using freeze-drying method comprised of PHEMA and gelatin, combined with GO. The validation of the successful fabrication of the scaffolds was performed utilizing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction assay (XRD). The microstructure of the scaffolds was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structural properties of the scaffolds including mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, electrical conductivity, and degradation rate were also evaluated. Human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the prepared scaffolds. The osteogenic potential of the GO-containing scaffolds was studied by measuring the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 7, 14, and 21 days cell culturing.
Results
SEM assay showed a porous interconnected scaffold with approximate pore size of 50–300 μm, appropriate for bone regeneration. The increase in GO concentration from 0.25 to 0.75% w/v exhibited a significant improvement in scaffolds compressive modulus from 9.03 ± 0.36 to 42.82 ± 1.63 MPa. Conventional four-probe analysis confirmed the electrical conductivity of the scaffolds in the semiconductor range. The degradation rate of the samples appeared to be in compliance with bone healing process. The scaffolds exhibited no cytotoxicity using MTT assay against hBM-MSCs. ALP analysis indicated that the PHEMA–Gel–GO scaffolds could efficiently cause the differentiation of hBM-MSCs into osteoblasts after 21 days, even without the addition of the osteogenic differentiation medium.
Conclusion
Based on the results of this research, it can be stated that the PHEMA–Gel–GO composition is a promising platform for bone tissue engineering.
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ABSTRACTS (BY NUMBER). Tissue Eng Part A 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.29025.abstracts] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Miura K, Sasaki M, Ohba S, Noda S, Sumi M, Kamakura S, Takahashi T, Asahina I. Long‐term clinical and radiographic evaluation after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with octacalcium phosphate–collagen composite: A retrospective case series study. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:621-633. [DOI: 10.1002/term.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei‐ichiro Miura
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Miho Sasaki
- Radiology and Biomedical Informatics Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Seigo Ohba
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Sawako Noda
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Misa Sumi
- Radiology and Biomedical Informatics Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Division of Bone Regenerative Engineering Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Sendai Japan
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
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A Follow-Up Study on the Clinical Outcomes of Alveolar Reconstruction Using Octacalcium Phosphate Granules and Atelocollagen Complex. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:2462-2471. [PMID: 34656516 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the long-term postoperative bone formation and eruption of adjacent teeth after octacalcium phosphate granule and atelocollagen complex (OCP/Col) grafting in the treatment of alveolar cleft of patients with unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (UCL ± P). METHODS Four patients with UCL ± P who underwent OCP/Col grafting (OCP group), and 55 patients with UCL ± P who underwent autologous bone grafting (AB group) were enrolled in this study. OCP/Col or autologous bone grafting was performed before the eruption of canines or lateral incisors in mixed dentition, followed by orthodontic management. Patients in the OCP group underwent radiography before and after surgery at 1, 2, 3, 6, and over 30 months postoperatively. The volume and area of the bony defect in the alveolar cleft area were compared between the OCP and AB groups before and after 6 months of surgery. RESULTS The bone bridge in all patients in the OCP/Col group was successfully formed, and by 6 months postoperatively, the permanent teeth adjacent to the alveolar cleft had erupted at the site of the OCP/Col complex graft. Comparison of the pre- and postoperative bone defects between the 2 groups revealed almost the same extent of bone bridge formation. CONCLUSIONS OCP/Col grafting could be considered as an alternative to autologous bone grafting as it yielded successful bone bridge formation and facilitated permanent tooth eruption.
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Kouketsu A, Matsui K, Kawai T, Ezoe Y, Takahashi T, Kamakura S. Teriparatide with octacalcium phosphate collagen composite stimulates osteogenic factors. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:125-135. [PMID: 34278819 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite (OCPcol) promotes osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, thereby enhancing bone regeneration. Although a newly developed freeze-dried composite of OCPcol and teriparatide (OCPcolTPTD) reinforced bone regeneration more than OCPcol, the mechanism of bone regeneration remains unresolved. Here, disks containing OCPcolTPTD, OCPcol, or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) col were inserted into rodents with calvarial bone defects, before euthanasia 4 weeks later. Immunohistochemical and histochemical analyses were performed on bone samples to evaluate bone matrix development, angiogenesis, and osteoclast and osteoblast localization. In the OCPcolTPTD and OCPcol groups, bone regeneration was observed at the surface of calvarial dura mater and around acidophilic granular cells with abundant collagenous fiber-containing cells. Furthermore, the newly formed bone in the OCPcolTPTD group showed a larger total area and individual separated area than the other groups. Various osteogenic proteins were detected in the regenerated bone and peri-bone tissues via histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Although the expression of several osteogenic biomarkers in the OCPcolTPTD group after 4 weeks of implantation was significantly lower than that in the OCPcol group, new bone formation by OCPcolTPTD in the center of the defect, where bone regeneration is difficult, tended to be superior to that by OCPcol. These results suggest that OCPcolTPTD enhanced bone regeneration more evenly and homogenously than OCPcol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumu Kouketsu
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry School of Dentistry, 89292, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan, 980-8575;
| | - Keiko Matsui
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan;
| | | | - Yushi Ezoe
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sendai, Japan;
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, 980-8575;
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, 980-8574.,Japan;
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Matsui K, Kawai T, Ezoe Y, Yanagisawa T, Takahashi T, Kamakura S. Segmental Bone Reconstruction by Octacalcium Phosphate Collagen Composites with Teriparatide. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:561-571. [PMID: 32799756 PMCID: PMC8126423 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite (OCPcol) demonstrated superior bone regeneration and has been commercialized recently in Japan. Teriparatide (TPTD) is a bioactive recombinant form of parathyroid hormone that is approved for osteoporosis treatment. Because mandibular bone reconstruction after segmental resection is a key clinical problem, it was examined whether single-dose local administration of OCPcol with TPTD can affect recovery after this procedure. OCPcol was prepared, and a commercially available hydroxyapatite and collagen composite (HAPcol) was used as a control. A 15 mm length segmental bone defect was made in the mandibular region of male beagle dogs. The experimental animals were divided in four groups. OCPcol treated with TPTD (OCPcol + TPTD), OCPcol, HAPcol treated with TPTD (HAPcol + TPTD), or HAPcol was implanted into the defect. The radiopaque areas of the implanted site were measured and statistically analyzed, and histological examination was performed after 6 months. The value of radiopaque area in total region of OCPcol + TPTD was highest (90.8 ± 7.3 mm2), followed in order by OCPcol (49.3 ± 21.8 mm2), HAPcol + TPTD (10.6 ± 2.3 mm2), and HAPcol (6.4 ± 2.3 mm2), and that of OCPcol + TPTD was significantly higher than that of HAPcol + TPTD or HAPcol. All segmented mandibles of OCPcol + TPTD and a part of those of OCPcol were bridged with newly formed bone, whereas no bone bridges were observed in HAPcol + TPTD or HAPcol. These results suggested that OCPcol treated with TPTD enabled bone reconstruction after segmental mandibular resection more than other three groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Matsui
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yushi Ezoe
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yanagisawa
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Yanagisawa T, Yasuda A, Makkonen RI, Kamakura S. Influence of pre-freezing conditions of octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite for reproducible appositional bone formation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2827-2834. [PMID: 32239797 PMCID: PMC7496852 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Even though conventionally prepared octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite (OCP/Col) has exhibited excellent bone regeneration and has recently been commercialized for treating bone defects, reproducible appositional bone formation with OCP/Col has never been achieved. The present study investigated whether appositional bone formation could be achieved by altering the density of OCP/Col and applying liquid nitrogen during the preparation of OCP/Col. The prepared OCP/Col disks had eight variations and were divided into categories according to four different type of densities (1.0, 1.3, 1.7, and 2.0) of OCP/Col and two different pre‐freezing conditions of gas phase (G group: −80°C) and liquid phase (L group: −196°C). These disks were implanted into subperiosteal pockets in rodent calvaria, five samples per each eight variations. Radiomorphometric analysis was conducted at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation, and histological analysis was conducted at 12 weeks after implantation. OCP/Col samples in the L group tended to retain their height and shape and had enhanced appositional bone formation, whereas OCP/Col samples in the G group tended to lose their height and shape and had limited appositional bone formation. The appositional bone formation increased along with growing density of OCP/Col, and L2.0 demonstrated higher appositional bone formation than other samples. These results suggest that the pre‐freezing conditions and densities of OCP/Col affect the appositional bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Yanagisawa
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayato Yasuda
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ria I Makkonen
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Yanagisawa T, Yasuda A, Makkonen RI, Kamakura S. Bone augmentation by octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite coated with poly-lactic acid cage. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:391-399. [PMID: 32187863 PMCID: PMC7453772 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite (OCP/Col) has demonstrated excellent bone regeneration, it has never achieved bone augmentation. The present study investigated whether it could be enabled by OCP/Col disks treated with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and covered with a poly‐lactic acid (PLA) cage. Materials and methods The prepared OCP/Col disks with three different types of PLA cages (no hole, one large hole, several small holes) were implanted into subperiosteal pockets in rodent calvaria. Histological, and histomorphometric analyses were conducted at 12 weeks after implantation. Results Implants with all PLA cage variants achieved sufficient bone augmentation, and analyses showed that new bone was formed from the original bone and along the PLA cage. While the PLA cage variant with no holes sporadically evoked new bone formation even at the central area of the roof of the PLA cage, the PLA cage variants with holes had no new bone in the area of the hole or beneath the periosteum. Conclusions These results suggest that sufficient bone augmentation could be achieved by treating the OCP/Col disks with PTH and covering them with a PLA cage, and periosteum might not have been involved in the bone formation in this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Yanagisawa
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayato Yasuda
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ria I Makkonen
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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16
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Suzuki O, Shiwaku Y, Hamai R. Octacalcium phosphate bone substitute materials: Comparison between properties of biomaterials and other calcium phosphate materials. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:187-199. [PMID: 32161239 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is a material that can be converted to hydroxyapatite (HA) under physiological environments and is considered a mineral precursor to bone apatite crystals. The structure of OCP consists of apatite layers stacked alternately with hydrated layers, and closely resembles the structure of HA. The performance of OCP as a bone substitute differs from that of HA materials in terms of their osteoconductivity and biodegradability. OCP manifests a cellular phagocytic response through osteoclast-like cells similar to that exhibited by the biodegradable material β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). The use of OCP for human cranial bone defects involves using its granule or composite form with one of the natural polymers, viz., the reconstituted collagen. This review article discusses the differences and similarities in these calcium phosphate (Ca-P)-based materials from the viewpoint of the structure and their material chemistry, and attempts to elucidate why Ca-P materials, particularly OCP, display unique osteoconductive property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yukari Shiwaku
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Ryo Hamai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
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17
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Baba K, Shiwaku Y, Hamai R, Mori Y, Anada T, Tsuchiya K, Oizumi I, Miyatake N, Itoi E, Suzuki O. Chemical Stability-Sensitive Osteoconductive Performance of Octacalcium Phosphate Bone Substitute in an Ovariectomized Rat Tibia Defect. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1444-1458. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Baba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukari Shiwaku
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yu Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsuchiya
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Itsuki Oizumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyatake
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Tohoku Orthopedic Hospital, Sendai 981-3121, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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18
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Octacalcium phosphate collagen composite (OCP/Col) enhance bone regeneration in a rat model of skull defect with dural defect. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03347. [PMID: 32072051 PMCID: PMC7011046 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial bone defects are a major issue in the field of neurosurgery, and improper management of such defects can cause cosmetic issues as well as more serious infections and inflammation. Several strategies exist to manage these defects clinically, but most rely on synthetic materials that are prone to complications; thus, a bone regenerative approach would be superior. We tested a material (octacalcium phosphate collagen composite [OCP/Col]) that is known to enhance bone regeneration in a skull defect model in rats. Using a critical-sized rat skull defect model, OCP/Col was implanted in rats with an intact dura or with a partial defect of the dura. The results were compared with those in a no-treatment group over the course of 12 weeks using computed tomographic and histological analysis. OCP/Col enhanced bone regeneration, regardless of whether there was a defect of the dura. OCP/Col can be used to treat skull defects, even when the dura is injured or removed surgically, via bone regeneration with enhanced resorption of OCP/Col, thus limiting the risk of infection greatly.
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19
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Kawai T, Kamakura S, Matsui K, Fukuda M, Takano H, Iino M, Ishikawa S, Kawana H, Soma T, Imamura E, Kizu H, Michibata A, Asahina I, Miura K, Nakamura N, Kibe T, Suzuki O, Takahashi T. Clinical study of octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite in oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731419896449. [PMID: 32030119 PMCID: PMC6978823 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419896449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate and its collagen composite have been recognized as bone
substitute materials possessing osteoconductivity and biodegradation properties.
We evaluated the effectiveness of octacalcium phosphate and its collagen
composite used for bone augmentation in major oral and maxillofacial surgeries
in a clinical trial. Octacalcium phosphate and its collagen composite were used
in cases of sinus floor elevation in 1- and 2-stage, socket preservation, cyst,
and alveolar cleft procedures. A total of 60 patients were evaluated for
effectiveness after the implantation of octacalcium phosphate and its collagen
composite. Although sinus floor elevation in 1-stage, cyst, and alveolar cleft
cases met the criteria for the judgment of success, sinus floor elevation in
2-stage and socket preservation groups did not meet the criteria in the initial
evaluation. However, an additional evaluation for reconfirmation revealed the
effectiveness of octacalcium phosphate and its collagen composite in those
groups, and all evaluation results ultimately indicated the success of this
clinical trial. Therefore, this clinical trial suggested that application of
octacalcium phosphate and its collagen composite for oral and maxillofacial
surgery was safe and effective and that octacalcium phosphate and its collagen
composite could be a bone substitute candidate instead of autologous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kawai
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Department of Bone Regenerative Engineering, Division of Regenerative and Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsui
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fukuda
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takano
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Iino
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kawana
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Soma
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisaku Imamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Kizu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tachikawa Hospital, Tachikawa, Japan
| | - Aya Michibata
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Miura
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norifumi Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kibe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Department of Craniofacial Engineering and Regeneration, Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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20
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Bien ND, Miura KI, Sumita Y, Nakatani Y, Shido R, Kajii F, Kamakura S, Asahina I. Bone Regeneration by Low-dose Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Carried on Octacalcium Phosphate Collagen Composite. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Dien Bien
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kei-ichiro Miura
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yuya Nakatani
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Rena Shido
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Fumihiko Kajii
- TOYOBO Co., Ltd., Medical Equipment & Devices Production Center
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Division of Bone Regenerative Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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21
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Su Y, Cockerill I, Zheng Y, Tang L, Qin YX, Zhu D. Biofunctionalization of metallic implants by calcium phosphate coatings. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:196-206. [PMID: 31193406 PMCID: PMC6529680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic materials have been extensively applied in clinical practice due to their unique mechanical properties and durability. Recent years have witnessed broad interests and advances on surface functionalization of metallic implants for high-performance biofunctions. Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are the major inorganic component of bone tissues, and thus owning inherent biocompatibility and osseointegration properties. As such, they have been widely used in clinical orthopedics and dentistry. The new emergence of surface functionalization on metallic implants with CaP coatings shows promise for a combination of mechanical properties from metals and various biofunctions from CaPs. This review provides a brief summary of state-of-art of surface biofunctionalization on implantable metals by CaP coatings. We first glance over different types of CaPs with their coating methods and in vitro and in vivo performances, and then give insight into the representative biofunctions, i.e. osteointegration, corrosion resistance and biodegradation control, and antibacterial property, provided by CaP coatings for metallic implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Irsalan Cockerill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Xian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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22
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Kouketsu A, Matsui K, Kawai T, Ezoe Y, Yanagisawa T, Yasuda A, Takahashi T, Kamakura S. Octacalcium phosphate collagen composite stimulates the expression and activity of osteogenic factors to promote bone regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:99-107. [PMID: 31721475 PMCID: PMC7027853 DOI: 10.1002/term.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the bone regenerative properties of an octacalcium phosphate collagen composite (OCP/Col) in a rat calvarial bone defect model. Design An OCP/Col or β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP)/Col disk was implanted into the critical‐sized calvarial defects and fixed 2 or 4 weeks later. The radiopacity of defects was examined after disk implantation by the radiographic examination and micro‐computed tomography (μ‐CT). Immunohistochemical and histochemical analyses were carried out to assess the bone matrix maturation, neovascularization, and osteoclast and osteoblast distribution in the neonatal bone. Results Radiographic and μ‐CT examination of the area of implanted OCP/Col indicated the newly formed bone and no difference from those of the original bone. Osteopontin, osteocalcin, Runt‐related transcription factor 2, type 1 collagen, vascular endothelial growth factor, and alkaline phosphatase or tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase in the newly formed calvarial bone and the surrounding connective tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry. Biomarker expression was not significantly elevated at the defect site; the area of which was calculated by dividing the distance from the healthy bone margin or calvarium and dura mater surface. There was no difference in the expression of these biomarkers in the OCP/Col group at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. In addition, the expression levels of all markers were higher in the OCP/Col group than in the β‐TCP/Col group at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Conclusions The OCP/Col as a bone regeneration material not only exhibits osteoconductive activity that is dependent on residual healthy bone tissue, but also has osteoinductive capacity, which promotes angiogenesis and osteogenic cell invasion from host tissue into the bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumu Kouketsu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsui
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yushi Ezoe
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yanagisawa
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Japan
| | - Ayato Yasuda
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Japan
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Japan
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23
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Tebyanian H, Norahan MH, Eyni H, Movahedin M, Mortazavi SJ, Karami A, Nourani MR, Baheiraei N. Effects of collagen/β-tricalcium phosphate bone graft to regenerate bone in critically sized rabbit calvarial defects. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2019; 17:2280800018820490. [PMID: 30832532 DOI: 10.1177/2280800018820490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects remain a significant health issue and a major cause of morbidity in elderly patients. Composites based on collagen/calcium phosphate have been widely used for bone repair in clinical applications, owing to their comparability to bone extracellular matrix. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a scaffold of collagen/calcium phosphate (COL/β-TCP) on bone formation to assess its potential use as a bone substitute to repair bone defects. Bilateral full-thickness critically sized calvarial defects (8 mm in diameter) were created in New Zealand white rabbits and treated with COL/β-TCP or COL scaffolds. One defect was also left unfilled as a control. Bone regeneration was assessed through histological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining after 4 and 8 weeks. Alizarin Red staining was also utilized to observe the mineralization process. Our findings indicated that COL/β-TCP implantation could better enhance bone regeneration than COL and exhibited both new bone growth and scaffold material degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Tebyanian
- 1 Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Eyni
- 3 Department of Anatomical Science, faculty of medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Movahedin
- 3 Department of Anatomical Science, faculty of medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sm Javad Mortazavi
- 4 Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Karami
- 1 Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nourani
- 5 Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Baheiraei
- 6 Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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24
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In situ silk fibroin-mediated crystal formation of octacalcium phosphate and its application in bone repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 95:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Iwai A, Kajii F, Tanaka H, Sasaki K, Matsui K, Kawai T, Kamakura S. Bone regeneration by freeze-dried composite of octacalcium phosphate collagen and teriparatide. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1514-1521. [PMID: 29943386 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and collagen (col) composite (OCPcol) demonstrated superior bone regeneration properties, and its commercialization appears to be forthcoming. As a practical medical material for new combination products, we developed a freeze-dried composite with OCPcol and teriparatide (TPTD) (OCPcolTPTDf), and investigated its bone regenerative properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS A disk of OCPcol was made by mixing OCP granules and atelocollagen for medical use. Then, OCPcolTPTDf was prepared by impregnation of the OCPcol disk with 1.0 or 0.1 µg of TPTD solution (OCPcolTPTDf 1.0 and OCPcolTPTDf 0.1, respectively) followed by lyophilization. In vitro release profiles of TPTD from OCPcolTPTDf were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Implantation of OCPcolTPTDf or OCPcol was carried out for a rat critical-sized calvarial defect. And five defects in each group were collected after 12 weeks of implantation. RESULTS The retention-release profiles of TPTD from OCPcolTPTDf supported a higher degree of retention of TPTD. Radiographic, histological, and histomorphometric examinations indicated that regenerated bone was filled in most of the defects of the OCPcolTPTDf. Additionally, the OCPcolTPTDf groups showed significantly enhanced bone regeneration compared with the OCPcol group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that this newly developed bone regenerative composite could be a practical medical material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iwai
- Research Institute, TOYOBO Co. Ltd., Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kajii
- Research Institute, TOYOBO Co. Ltd., Otsu, Shiga, Japan.,Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Sasaki
- Research Institute, TOYOBO Co. Ltd., Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsui
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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26
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Efficacy of Octacalcium Phosphate Collagen Composite for Titanium Dental Implants in Dogs. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11020229. [PMID: 29393874 PMCID: PMC5848926 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies showed that octacalcium (OCP) collagen composite (OCP/Col) can be used to repair human jaw bone defects without any associated abnormalities. The present study investigated whether OCP/Col could be applied to dental implant treatment using a dog tooth extraction socket model. Methods: The premolars of dogs were extracted; each extraction socket was extended, and titanium dental implants were placed in each socket. OCP/Col was inserted in the space around a titanium dental implant. Autologous bone was used to fill the other sockets, while the untreated socket (i.e., no bone substitute material) served as a control. Three months after the operation, these specimens were analyzed for the osseointegration of each bone substitute material with the surface of the titanium dental implant. Results: In histomorphometric analyses, the peri-implant bone areas (BA%) and bone-implant contact (BIC%) were measured. There was no difference in BA% or BIC% between OCP/Col and autologous bone. Conclusion: These results suggested that OCP/Col could be used for implant treatment as a bone substitute.
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27
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Kajii F, Iwai A, Tanaka H, Matsui K, Kawai T, Kamakura S. Influence of electron beam irradiation doses on bone regeneration by octacalcium phosphate collagen composites. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kajii
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku University Sendai Japan
- Toyobo Co. Ltd, Research Institute Shiga Japan
| | | | | | - Keiko Matsui
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku University Sendai Japan
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28
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Kajii F, Iwai A, Tanaka H, Matsui K, Kawai T, Kamakura S. Single-dose local administration of teriparatide with a octacalcium phosphate collagen composite enhances bone regeneration in a rodent critical-sized calvarial defect. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1851-1857. [PMID: 28922546 PMCID: PMC6032915 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite (OCP/Col) achieves stable bone regeneration without cell transplantation in preclinical studies. Recently, a sponsor-initiated clinical trial was conducted to commercialize the material. The present study investigated bone regeneration by OCP/Col with the single local administration of teriparatide (parathyroid hormone 1-34; TPTD). OCP/Col was prepared by mixing sieved granules of OCP and atelocollagen for medical use and a disk was molded. After the creation of a rodent critical-sized calvarial defect, OCP/Col or OCP/Col with dripped TPTD solution (1.0 or 0.1 µg; OCP/Col/TPTDd1.0 or OCP/Col/TPTDd0.1) was implanted into the defect. Six defects in each group were fixed 12 weeks after implantation. Radiographic examinations indicated that radiopaque figures in defects treated with OCP/Col with TPTD (OCP/Col/TPTDd) occupied a wider range than those treated with OCP/Col. Histological results demonstrated that most of the defect in OCP/Col/TPTDd was filled with newly formed bone. A histomorphometrical examination indicated that the percentage of newly formed bone was significantly higher in the defects of OCP/Col/TPTDd 1.0 (53.6 ± 4.3%) and OCP/Col/TPTDd 0.1 (52.2 ± 7.4%) than in those of OCP/Col (40.1 ± 8.4%), whereas no significant differences were observed between OCP/Col/TPTDd1.0 and OCP/Col/TPTDd0.1. These results suggest that OCP/Col with the single local administration of TPTD enhances bone regeneration in a rodent calvarial critical-sized bone defect. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1851-1857, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kajii
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,TOYOBO Co., Ltd., Research Institute, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0292, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwai
- TOYOBO Co., Ltd., Research Institute, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0292, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Matsui
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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Onuma K, Iijima M. Nanoparticles in β-tricalcium phosphate substrate enhance modulation of structure and composition of an octacalcium phosphate grown layer. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles in the β-TCP substrate enhance structural modulation of an OCP grown layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Onuma
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Mayumi Iijima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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Kanda N, Matsui K, Kawai T, Edamatsu H, Tanuma Y, Suzuki O, Takahashi T, Kamakura S. Implantation of octacalcium phosphate collagen composites (OCP/Col) after extraction of canine deciduous teeth achieved undisturbed permanent tooth eruption. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:179-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kawai T, Tanuma Y, Matsui K, Suzuki O, Takahashi T, Kamakura S. Clinical safety and efficacy of implantation of octacalcium phosphate collagen composites in tooth extraction sockets and cyst holes. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416670770. [PMID: 27757220 PMCID: PMC5051665 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416670770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It was demonstrated that octacalcium phosphate collagen composite achieved notable bone regeneration in bone defects in preclinical studies. On the basis of the research results, an investigator-initiated exploratory clinical trial was conducted after approval from a local Institutional Review Board. This clinical study was performed as a single-arm non-randomized intervention study. Octacalcium phosphate collagen composite was implanted into a total of 10 cases of alveolar bone defects after tooth extractions and cystectomy. Safety assessment was performed in terms of the clinical course and several consecutive laboratory examinations, and sequential radiographs were used for efficacy assessment. All participants uneventfully completed the clinical trial without major problems in their general condition. Postoperative wound swelling was observed, as also commonly seen in tooth extraction or cystectomy. Although no serious liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction, electrolyte imbalance, or abnormal urinalysis results were recognized, the number of white blood cells and C-reactive protein level temporarily increased after the operation. An increase in radiopacity in the octacalcium phosphate collagen composite–implanted site was observed in all cases. Finally, the border between the original bone and the octacalcium phosphate collagen composite–implanted site became indistinguishable. These results suggest that octacalcium phosphate collagen composite could be utilized safely in clinical situations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanuma
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsui
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Chiba S, Anada T, Suzuki K, Saito K, Shiwaku Y, Miyatake N, Baba K, Imaizumi H, Hosaka M, Itoi E, Suzuki O. Effect of resorption rate and osteoconductivity of biodegradable calcium phosphate materials on the acquisition of natural bone strength in the repaired bone. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2833-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Chiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Tohoku University School of Medicine; Sendai 980-8574 Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Tohoku University School of Medicine; Sendai 980-8574 Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yukari Shiwaku
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | | | - Kazuyoshi Baba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Tohoku University School of Medicine; Sendai 980-8574 Japan
| | - Hideki Imaizumi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Osaki Citizen Hospital; Osaki 989-6183 Japan
| | - Masami Hosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Tohoku University School of Medicine; Sendai 980-8574 Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Tohoku University School of Medicine; Sendai 980-8574 Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
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Ishiko-Uzuka R, Anada T, Kobayashi K, Kawai T, Tanuma Y, Sasaki K, Suzuki O. Oriented bone regenerative capacity of octacalcium phosphate/gelatin composites obtained through two-step crystal preparation method. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1029-1039. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Ishiko-Uzuka
- Division of Maxillofacial Prosthetic Clinic; Tohoku University Hospital; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kobayashi
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yuji Tanuma
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
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Kawai T, Suzuki O, Matsui K, Tanuma Y, Takahashi T, Kamakura S. Octacalcium phosphate collagen composite facilitates bone regeneration of large mandibular bone defect in humans. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1641-1647. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai Japan
| | - Keiko Matsui
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai Japan
| | - Yuji Tanuma
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai Japan
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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2015 4(th) TERMIS World Congress Boston, Massachusetts September 8-11, 2015. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21 Suppl 1:S1-S413. [PMID: 26317531 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.5000.abstracts] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:708-832. [PMID: 26262645 PMCID: PMC4598679 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art on calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through the successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, CaPO4 might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials those are either already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications are extensively discussed. Many different formulations in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics have been already proposed. Among the others, the nano-structurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin, as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from a laboratory to a hospital is a long one and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development are also examined.
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Matsui A, Matsui K, Handa T, Tanuma Y, Miura KI, Kato Y, Kawai T, Suzuki O, Kamakura S, Echigo S. The Regenerated Bone Quality by Implantation of Octacalcium Phosphate Collagen Composites in a Canine Alveolar Cleft Model. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2014; 51:420-30. [DOI: 10.1597/12-096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Synthetic octacalcium phosphate and porcine atelocollagen composites significantly enhanced bone regeneration more than β-tricalcium phosphate collagen composite and hydroxyapatite collagen composite in a rat cranial defect model. However, the long-term stability and quality of octacalcium phosphate collagen (OCP/Col) composites–derived regenerated bone, when implanted in a canine alveolar cleft model, have yet to be elucidated. The present study investigated the longterm stability and quality of bone regenerated by OCP/Col. Design Disks of OCP/Col or collagen were implanted in a canine alveolar-cleft model (n = 6). Then, bone regeneration in the implanted areas was investigated macroscopically, radiographically, and histologically at 10 months after implantation. In addition, three-dimensional quantitative images of regenerated bone were analyzed by microcomputed tomography. Results Macroscopically, the OCP/Col treated alveolus was clearly augmented, and radio-opacity in the OCP/Col implanted area was comparable to that of the original alveolus bone. On histological analysis, the area was mostly filled with newly formed bone, and a few granules of implanted OCP/Col were enclosed in it. In the microcomputed tomography analysis, the regenerated bone volume in the OCP/Col group was larger than that in the collagen group. OCP/Col–derived bone consisted of outer cortical and inner cancellous structure with dense trabeculae and seemed like the original bone structure. Conclusions OCP/Co composites could be a useful bone regenerative material to substitute for autogenous bone because their implantation could elicit high bone regeneration and active structural reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritsune Matsui
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsui
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuto Handa
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanuma
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Miura
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuta Kato
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Seishi Echigo
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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38
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Kawai T, Echigo S, Matsui K, Tanuma Y, Takahashi T, Suzuki O, Kamakura S. First clinical application of octacalcium phosphate collagen composite in human bone defect. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1336-41. [PMID: 24294829 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that octacalcium phosphate (OCP) collagen composite (OCP/collagen) promotes bone regeneration in a critical-sized bone defect of a rodent or canine model. This study was designed to investigate the bone regeneration of OCP/collagen in human bone defect as a first clinical trial. Two patients who had a radicular cyst or apical periodontitis consented to participate in our clinical study, and OCP/collagen was implanted into the defects after operation. Radiographic examination showed effective bone healing in each bone defect at 3 or 6 months. Likewise, computed tomography value significantly increased after implantation. Postoperative wound healing was uneventful, and neither infection nor allergic reaction against OCP/collagen was observed for the entire period. This study demonstrated that OCP/collagen would be safely used and enhanced bone regeneration in human bone defects. To reinforce the efficacy of OCP/collagen as a bone substitute material, it should be compared with other suitable comparators in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kawai
- 1 Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai, Japan
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Suzuki K, Anada T, Miyazaki T, Miyatake N, Honda Y, Kishimoto KN, Hosaka M, Imaizumi H, Itoi E, Suzuki O. Effect of addition of hyaluronic acids on the osteoconductivity and biodegradability of synthetic octacalcium phosphate. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:531-43. [PMID: 24035888 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate whether three sodium hyaluronic acid (HyA) medical products, Artz(®), Suvenyl(®) and a chemically modified derivative of sodium HyA Synvisc(®), can be used as suitable vehicles for an osteoconductive octacalcium phosphate (OCP). OCP granules (300-500 μm diameter) were mixed with these sodium HyAs with molecular weights of 90 × 10(4) (Artz(®)), 190 × 10(4) (Suvenyl(®)) and 600 × 10(4) (Synvisc(®)) (referred to as HyA90, HyA190 and HyA600, respectively). OCP-HyA composites were injected using a syringe into a polytetrafluoroethylene ring, placed on the subperiosteal region of mouse calvaria for 3 and 6 weeks, and then bone formation was assessed by histomorphometry. The capacity of the HyAs for osteoclast formation from RAW264 cells with RANKL was examined by TRAP staining in vitro. Bone formation was enhanced by the OCP composites with HyA90 and HyA600, compared to OCP alone, through enhanced osteoclastic resorption of OCP. HyA90 and HyA600 facilitated in vitro osteoclast formation. The results suggest that the osteoconductive property of OCP was accelerated by the HyAs-associated osteoclastic resorption of OCP, and therefore that HyA/OCP composites are attractive bone substitutes which are injectable and bioactive materials.
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Vajgel A, Mardas N, Farias BC, Petrie A, Cimões R, Donos N. A systematic review on the critical size defect model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:879-93. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André Vajgel
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department; University of Pernambuco (FOP/UPE); Recife Brazil
- CAPES Foundation; Ministry of Education of Brazil; Brasília Brazil
- Periodontology Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | - Nikos Mardas
- Periodontology Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | - Bruna Carvalho Farias
- CAPES Foundation; Ministry of Education of Brazil; Brasília Brazil
- Periodontology Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
- Postgraduate Department; Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE); Recife Brazil
| | - Aviva Petrie
- Biostatistics Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | - Renata Cimões
- Department of Prosthesis and Oral and Facial Surgery; Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE); Recife Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Periodontology Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
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41
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Suzuki O. Octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-based bone substitute materials. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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42
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Suzuki O, Anada T. Synthetic octacalcium phosphate: a possible carrier for mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2013:397-400. [PMID: 24109707 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present paper reviews biomaterial studies of synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) as a scaffold of osteoblastic cells. OCP crystals have been suggested to be one of precursor phases in hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal formation in bone and tooth. The recent intensive biomaterials and tissue engineering studies using synthetic OCP disclosed the potential function of OCP as a bioactive material as well as synthetic HA materials due to its highly osteoconductive and biodegradable properties. In vitro studies showed that OCP crystals exhibit a positive effect on osteoblastic cell differentiation. In vivo studies confirmed that the materials of OCP in a granule forms and OCP-based composite materials with natural polymers, such as gelatin and collagen, enhance bone regeneration if implanted in various model bone defects with critical-sized diameters, defined as a defect which does not heal spontaneously throughout the lifetime of the animals. One of particular characteristics of OCP, found as a mechanism to enhance bone regeneration in vivo, is a process of progressive conversion from OCP to HA at physiological conditions. The OCP-HA conversion is accompanied by progressive physicochemical changes of the material properties, which affects the tissue reaction around the crystals where osteoblastic cells are encountered. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in an OCP-based material enhanced bone regeneration in the rat critical-sized calvaria defect more than that by the material alone. The overall results reveal that OCP crystals have an effect on osteoblastic cell differentiation including the differentiation of MSCs in vivo. The evidence collected experimentally in the laboratory was presented.
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Tanuma Y, Matsui K, Kawai T, Matsui A, Suzuki O, Kamakura S, Echigo S. Comparison of bone regeneration between octacalcium phosphate/collagen composite and β-tricalcium phosphate in canine calvarial defect. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Miura K, Matsui K, Kawai T, Kato Y, Matsui A, Suzuki O, Kamakura S, Echigo S. Octacalcium phosphate collagen composites with titanium mesh facilitate alveolar augmentation in canine mandibular bone defects. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:1161-9. [PMID: 22727604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether bone regeneration by implantation of octacalcium phosphate and porcine atelocollagen composite (OCP/Col) would be enhanced if mechanical stress to the implanted OCP/Col were alleviated. OCP/Col discs were implanted into an arc-shaped mandibular defect in male adult beagle dogs divided into untreated, OCP/Col, and OCP/Col/Mesh groups. In the OCP/Col/Mesh group, mechanical stress towards the implanted OCP/Col was alleviated by a titanium mesh. Bone regeneration in the three groups was compared after 6 months. Macroscopically, the alveolus in the OCP/Col/Mesh group was augmented vertically more than in the other two groups. Morphometric analysis by micro-CT showed the bone volume in the OCP/Col/Mesh group was significantly greater than in the other two groups. The augmented alveolus in the OCP/Col/Mesh group consisted of outer cortical and inner cancellous structure. Histologically, the OCP/Col/Mesh-treated alveolus was augmented by matured bone tissue along the inside of the titanium mesh. The implanted OCP/Col in the OCP/Col/Mesh and OCP/Col groups had almost disappeared. These results indicated that vertical bone regeneration by OCP/Col was efficient and successful when the mechanical stress to the implanted OCP/Col was alleviated. OCP/Col should be a useful bone substitute with active structural reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miura
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
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The effect of an octacalcium phosphate co-precipitated gelatin composite on the repair of critical-sized rat calvarial defects. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1190-200. [PMID: 22198138 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the extent to which an octacalcium phosphate/gelatin (OCP/Gel) composite can repair rat calvarial critical-sized defects (CSD). OCP crystals were grown with various concentrations of gelatin molecules and the OCP/Gel composites were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The OCP/Gel composite disks received vacuum dehydrothermal treatment, were implanted in Wistar rat calvarial CSD for 4, 8 and 16 weeks, and then subjected to radiologic, histologic, histomorphometric and histochemical assessment. The attachment of mouse bone marrow stromal ST-2 cells on the disks of the OCP/Gel composites was also examined after 1 day of incubation. OCP/Gel composites containing 24 wt.%, 31 wt.% and 40 wt.% of OCP and with approximate pore sizes of 10-500 μm were obtained. Plate-like crystals were observed closely associated with the Gel matrices. TEM, XRD, FTIR and SAED confirmed that the plate-like crystals were identical to those of the OCP phase, but contained a small amount of sphere-like amorphous material adjacent to the OCP crystals. The OCP (40 wt.%)/Gel composite repaired 71% of the CSD in conjunction with material degradation by osteoclastic cells, which reduced the percentage of the remaining implant to less than 3% within 16 weeks. Of the seeded ST-2 cells, 60-70% were able to migrate and attach to the OCP/Gel composites after 1 day of incubation, regardless of the OCP content. These results indicate that an OCP/Gel composite can repair rat calvarial CSD very efficiently and has favorable biodegradation characteristics. Therefore, it is hypothesized that host osteoblastic cells can easily migrate into an OCP/Gel composite.
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Tanuma Y, Anada T, Honda Y, Kawai T, Kamakura S, Echigo S, Suzuki O. Granule size-dependent bone regenerative capacity of octacalcium phosphate in collagen matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:546-57. [PMID: 21942921 PMCID: PMC3286816 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine whether the osteoconductivity of octacalcium phosphate-collagen (OCP/Col) composite can be improved by controlling the granule size of OCP. The granules of synthetic OCP, with diameters in the range of 53 to 300, 300 to 500, and 500 to 1000 μm, were used as an inorganic source of composite materials mixed with atelo-Col. After vacuum dehydrothemal treatment, OCP/Col disks were implanted into critical-sized calvaria defects in Wistar rats for 4, 8, and 12 weeks and examined radiographically, histologically, histomorphometrically, and histochemically. The materials were characterized according to mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction was performed before and after implantation. The dissolution of OCP crystals in a Col matrix was determined by immersing OCP/Col disks in a culture medium. OCP/Col had a constant pore size (~30 μm) regardless of OCP granule size. OCP in the Col matrix tended to convert to hydroxyapatite (HA) during the implantation. OCP/Col with the smallest granules of OCP enhances both bone regeneration and biodegradation the most through tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclastic cellular resorption of OCP granules. The smallest OCP granules in the Col matrix showed the highest dissolution and had the greatest potential to form HA. The results indicated that the size of the included OCP granules can controll the osteoconductivity of OCP/Col. The overall results suggest that the physicochemical property of OCP crystals is a factor that determines the bone regenerative capacity of OCP/Col in critical-sized calvaria large bone defects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tanuma
- Division of Oral Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Honda
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Division of Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Seishi Echigo
- Division of Oral Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Szpalski C, Wetterau M, Barr J, Warren SM. Bone tissue engineering: current strategies and techniques--part I: Scaffolds. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:246-57. [PMID: 22029448 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone repair and regeneration is a dynamic process that involves a complex interplay between the (1) ground substance, (2) cells, and (3) milieu. While each constituent is integral to the final product, it is often helpful to consider each component individually. Therefore, we created a two-part review to examine scaffolds and cells' roles in bone tissue engineering. In Part I, we review the myriad of materials use for in vivo bone engineering. In Part II, we discuss the variety cell types (e.g., osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and vasculogenic cells) that are seeded upon or recruited to these scaffolds. In Part III, we discuss the optimization of the microenvironment. The biochemical processes and sequence of events that guide matrix production, cellular activation, and ossification are vital to developing successful bone tissue engineering strategies and are thus succinctly reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Szpalski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Laboratory, New York, New York, USA
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Suzuki K, Honda Y, Anada T, Handa T, Miyatake N, Takahashi A, Hosaka M, Imaizumi H, Itoi E, Suzuki O. STIMULATORY CAPACITY OF AN OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE/GELATIN COMPOSITE ON BONE REGENERATION IN A RABBIT TIBIA DEFECT MODEL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3363/prb.26.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shadanbaz S, Dias GJ. Calcium phosphate coatings on magnesium alloys for biomedical applications: a review. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:20-30. [PMID: 22040686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium has been suggested as a revolutionary biodegradable metal for use as an orthopaedic material. As a biocompatible and degradable metal, it has several advantages over the permanent metallic materials currently in use, including eliminating the effects of stress shielding, improving biocompatibility concerns in vivo and improving degradation properties, removing the requirement of a second surgery for implant removal. The rapid degradation of magnesium, however, is a double-edged sword as it is necessary to control the corrosion rates of the materials to match the rates of bone healing. In response, calcium phosphate coatings have been suggested as a means to control these corrosion rates. The potential calcium phosphate phases and their coating techniques on substrates are numerous and can provide several different properties for different applications. The reactivity and low melting point of magnesium, however, require specific parameters for calcium phosphate coatings to be successful. Within this review, an overview of the different calcium phosphate phases, their properties and their behaviour in vitro and in vivo has been provided, followed by the current coating techniques used for calcium phosphates that may be or may have been adapted for magnesium substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaylin Shadanbaz
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Abstract
The state-of-the-art of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates that are suitable for biomedical applications is presented in this review. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, calcium orthophosphates might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates, either those already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications, are extensively discussed. Many different formulations, in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics, have already been proposed. Among the others, the nanostructurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from the laboratory to the hospital is a long one, and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, this review also examines the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development.
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