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Tavazzani E, Spaiardi P, Contini D, Sancini G, Russo G, Masetto S. Precision medicine: a new era for inner ear diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1328460. [PMID: 38327988 PMCID: PMC10848152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1328460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The inner ear is the organ responsible for hearing and balance. Inner ear dysfunction can be the result of infection, trauma, ototoxic drugs, genetic mutation or predisposition. Often, like for Ménière disease, the cause is unknown. Due to the complex access to the inner ear as a fluid-filled cavity within the temporal bone of the skull, effective diagnosis of inner ear pathologies and targeted drug delivery pose significant challenges. Samples of inner ear fluids can only be collected during surgery because the available procedures damage the tiny and fragile structures of the inner ear. Concerning drug administration, the final dose, kinetics, and targets cannot be controlled. Overcoming these limitations is crucial for successful inner ear precision medicine. Recently, notable advancements in microneedle technologies offer the potential for safe sampling of inner ear fluids and local treatment. Ultrasharp microneedles can reach the inner ear fluids with minimal damage to the organ, collect μl amounts of perilymph, and deliver therapeutic agents in loco. This review highlights the potential of ultrasharp microneedles, combined with nano vectors and gene therapy, to effectively treat inner ear diseases of different etiology on an individual basis. Though further research is necessary to translate these innovative approaches into clinical practice, these technologies may represent a true breakthrough in the clinical approach to inner ear diseases, ushering in a new era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tavazzani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- ICS-Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Spaiardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Donatella Contini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Giulio Sancini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Nanomedicine Center, Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Russo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sergio Masetto
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Park JE, Kim WC, Kim SK, Ahn Y, Ha SM, Kim G, Choi S, Yun WS, Kong TH, Lee SH, Park DJ, Choi JS, Key J, Seo YJ. Protection of Hearing Loss in Ototoxic Mouse Model Through SPIONs and Dexamethasone-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticle Delivery by Magnetic Attraction. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6317-6334. [DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s380810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Valentini C, Ryu YJ, Szeto B, Yu M, Lalwani AK, Kysar J. A Novel 3D-Printed Head Holder for Guinea Pig Ear Surgery. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:e1197-e1202. [PMID: 34172663 PMCID: PMC8448908 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otologic surgery in guinea pig requires head immobilization for microscopic manipulation. Existing commercially available stereotaxic frames are expensive and impede access to the ear as they rely on ear bars or mouthpieces to secure the head. METHOD Prototype head holders were designed using the Solidworks 2019 software and 3D-printed using Formlabs Form 2 Printers with photopolymer resin. The head holder consists of a C-shaped brace with adjustable radial inserts of 1/4-20 UNC standard screws with cone point tips providing head fixation for animals of various sizes. The C-shaped brace is attached to a rod that can be secured to a commercially available micromanipulator. The head holder design was tested during in vivo guinea pig experiments where their head motion with (n = 22) and without the head holder (n = 2) was evaluated visually through a stereotaxic microscope at 24× magnification during surgery. RESULTS The head holder design was easy to use and allowed for both nose cone administration of anesthesia and access to the ear for intraoperative auditory testing and manipulation. Functionally, the head holder successfully minimized head movement. Furthermore, harvested round window membranes evaluated at 72 hours following surgery showed precise perforations with the use of head holder. CONCLUSION The novel 3D-printed head holder enables simultaneous access for nose cone administration of anesthesia and surgical manipulation of the ear and brain. Moreover, it provides a modular, intuitive, and economical alternative to commercial stereotaxic devices for minimizing head motion during small animal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Valentini
- Department of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Young Jae Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Betsy Szeto
- Department of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Michelle Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Anil K. Lalwani
- Department of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey Kysar
- Department of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Treatment of auditory dysfunction is dependent on inner ear drug delivery, with microtechnologies playing an increasingly important role in cochlear access and pharmacokinetic profile control. This review examines recent developments in the field for clinical and animal research environments. RECENT FINDINGS Micropump technologies are being developed for dynamic control of flow rates with refillable reservoirs enabling timed delivery of multiple agents for protection or regeneration therapies. These micropumps can be combined with cochlear implants with integral catheters or used independently with cochleostomy or round window membrane (RWM) delivery modalities for therapy development in animal models. Sustained release of steroids with coated cochlear implants remains an active research area with first-time-in-human demonstration of reduced electrode impedances. Advanced coatings containing neurotrophin producing cells have enhanced spiral ganglion neuron survival in animal models, and have proven safe in a human study. Microneedles have emerged for controlled microperforation of the RWM for significant enhancement in permeability, combinable with emerging matrix formulations that optimize biological interaction and drug release kinetics. SUMMARY Microsystem technologies are providing enhanced and more controlled access to the inner ear for advanced drug delivery approaches, alone and in conjunction with cochlear implants.
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Szeto B, Valentini C, Aksit A, Werth EG, Goeta S, Brown LM, Olson ES, Kysar JW, Lalwani AK. Impact of Systemic versus Intratympanic Dexamethasone Administration on the Perilymph Proteome. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4001-4009. [PMID: 34291951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are the first-line treatment for sensorineural hearing loss, but little is known about the mechanism of their protective effect or the impact of route of administration. The recent development of hollow microneedles enables safe and reliable sampling of perilymph for proteomic analysis. Using these microneedles, we investigate the effect of intratympanic (IT) versus intraperitoneal (IP) dexamethasone administration on guinea pig perilymph proteome. Guinea pigs were treated with IT dexamethasone (n = 6), IP dexamethasone (n = 8), or untreated for control (n = 8) 6 h prior to aspiration. The round window membrane (RWM) was accessed via a postauricular approach, and hollow microneedles were used to perforate the RWM and aspirate 1 μL of perilymph. Perilymph samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics. Mass spectrometry raw data files have been deposited in an international public repository (MassIVE proteomics repository at https://massive.ucsd.edu/) under data set # MSV000086887. In the 22 samples of perilymph analyzed, 632 proteins were detected, including the inner ear protein cochlin, a perilymph marker. Of these, 14 proteins were modulated by IP, and three proteins were modulated by IT dexamethasone. In both IP and IT dexamethasone groups, VGF nerve growth factor inducible was significantly upregulated compared to control. The remaining adjusted proteins modulate neurons, inflammation, or protein synthesis. Proteome analysis facilitated by the use of hollow microneedles shows that route of dexamethasone administration impacts changes seen in perilymph proteome. Compared to IT administration, the IP route was associated with greater changes in protein expression, including proteins involved in neuroprotection, inflammatory pathway, and protein synthesis. Our findings show that microneedles can mediate safe and effective intracochlear sampling and hold promise for inner ear diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Szeto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Chris Valentini
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Aykut Aksit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Emily G Werth
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shahar Goeta
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lewis M Brown
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Olson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Kysar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Anil K Lalwani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Aksit A, Lalwani AK, Kysar JW, West AC. Simulation assisted design for microneedle manufacturing: Computational modeling of two-photon templated electrodeposition. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 2021; 66:211-219. [PMID: 34012359 PMCID: PMC8128138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fully metallic micrometer-scale 3D architectures can be fabricated via a hybrid additive methodology combining multi-photon lithography with electrochemical deposition of metals. The methodology - referred to as two-photon templated electrodeposition (2PTE) - has significant design freedom that enables the creation of complicated, traditionally difficult-to-make, high aspect ratio metallic structures such as microneedles. These complicated geometries, combined with their fully metallic nature, can enable precision surgical applications such as inner ear drug delivery or fluid sampling. However, the process involves electrochemical deposition of metals into complicated 3D lithography patterns thicker than 500 μm. This causes potential and chemical gradients to develop within the 3D template, creating limitations to what can be designed. These limitations can be explored, understood, and overcome via numerical modeling. Herein we introduce a numerical model as a design tool that can predict growth for manufacturing complicated 3D metallic geometries. The model is successful in predicting the geometric result of 2PTE, and enables extraction of insights about geometric constraints through exploration of its mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Aksit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Anil K. Lalwani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Kysar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alan C. West
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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3D-Printed Microneedles Create Precise Perforations in Human Round Window Membrane in Situ. Otol Neurotol 2021; 41:277-284. [PMID: 31746817 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Three-dimensional (3D)-printed microneedles can create precise holes on the scale of micrometers in the human round window membrane (HRWM). BACKGROUND An intact round window membrane is a barrier to delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents into the inner ear. Microperforation of the guinea pig round window membrane has been shown to overcome this barrier by enhancing diffusion 35-fold. In humans, the challenge is to design a microneedle that can precisely perforate the thicker HRWM without damage. METHODS Based on the thickness and mechanical properties of the HRWM, two microneedle designs were 3D-printed to perforate the HRWM from fresh frozen temporal bones in situ (n = 18 total perforations), simultaneously measuring force and displacement. Perforations were analyzed using confocal microscopy; microneedles were examined for deformity using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS HRWM thickness was determined to be 60.1 ± 14.6 (SD) μm. Microneedles separated the collagen fibers and created slit-shaped perforations with the major axis equal to the microneedle shaft diameter. Microneedles needed to be displaced only minimally after making initial contact with the RWM to create a complete perforation, thus avoiding damage to intracochlear structures. The microneedles were durable and intact after use. CONCLUSION 3D-printed microneedles can create precise perforations in the HRWM without damaging intracochlear structures. As such, they have many potential applications ranging from aspiration of cochlear fluids using a lumenized needle for diagnosis and creating portals for therapeutic delivery into the inner ear.
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Aksit A, Rastogi S, Nadal ML, Parker AM, Lalwani AK, West AC, Kysar JW. Drug delivery device for the inner ear: ultra-sharp fully metallic microneedles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:214-226. [PMID: 32488817 PMCID: PMC8649787 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery into the inner ear is a significant challenge due to its inaccessibility as a fluid-filled cavity within the temporal bone of the skull. The round window membrane (RWM) is the only delivery portal from the middle ear to the inner ear that does not require perforation of bone. Recent advances in microneedle fabrication enable the RWM to be perforated safely with polymeric microneedles as a means to enhance the rate of drug delivery from the middle ear to the inner ear. However, the polymeric material is not biocompatible and also lacks the strength of other materials. Herein we describe the design and development of gold-coated metallic microneedles suitable for RWM perforation. When developing microneedle technology for drug delivery, we considered three important general attributes: (1) high strength and ductility material, (2) high accuracy and precision of fabrication, and (3) broad design freedom. We developed a hybrid additive manufacturing method using two-photon lithography and electrochemical deposition to fabricate ultra-sharp gold-coated copper microneedles with these attributes. We refer to the microneedle fabrication methodology as two-photon templated electrodeposition (2PTE). We demonstrate the use of these microneedles by inducing a perforation with a minimal degree of trauma in a guinea pig RWM while the microneedle itself remains undamaged. Thus, this microneedle has the potential literally of opening the RWM for enhanced drug delivery into the inner ear. Finally, the 2PTE methodology can be applied to many different classes of microneedles for other drug delivery purposes as well the fabrication of small scale structures and devices for non-medical applications. Graphical Abstract Fully metallic ultra-sharp microneedle mounted at end of a 24-gauge stainless steel blunt syringe needle tip: (left) Size of microneedle shown relative to date stamp on U.S. one-cent coin; (right) Perforation through guinea pig round window membrane introduced with microneedle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Aksit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Shruti Rastogi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Maria L Nadal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Amber M Parker
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anil K Lalwani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alan C West
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th St., New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Kysar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Szeto B, Aksit A, Valentini C, Yu M, Werth EG, Goeta S, Tang C, Brown LM, Olson ES, Kysar JW, Lalwani AK. Novel 3D-printed hollow microneedles facilitate safe, reliable, and informative sampling of perilymph from guinea pigs. Hear Res 2021; 400:108141. [PMID: 33307286 PMCID: PMC8656365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inner ear diagnostics is limited by the inability to atraumatically obtain samples of inner ear fluid. The round window membrane (RWM) is an attractive portal for accessing perilymph samples as it has been shown to heal within one week after the introduction of microperforations. A 1 µL volume of perilymph is adequate for proteome analysis, yet the total volume of perilymph within the scala tympani of the guinea pig is limited to less than 5 µL. This study investigates the safety and reliability of a novel hollow microneedle device to aspirate perilymph samples adequate for proteomic analysis. METHODS The guinea pig RWM was accessed via a postauricular surgical approach. 3D-printed hollow microneedles with an outer diameter of 100 µm and an inner diameter of 35 µm were used to perforate the RWM and aspirate 1 µL of perilymph. Two perilymph samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics as part of a preliminary study. Hearing was assessed before and after aspiration using compound action potential (CAP) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). RWMs were harvested 72 h after aspiration and evaluated for healing using confocal microscopy. RESULTS There was no permanent damage to hearing at 72 h after perforation as assessed by CAP (n = 7) and DPOAE (n = 8), and all perforations healed completely within 72 h (n = 8). In the two samples of perilymph analyzed, 620 proteins were detected, including the inner ear protein cochlin, widely recognized as a perilymph marker. CONCLUSION Hollow microneedles can facilitate aspiration of perilymph across the RWM at a quality and volume adequate for proteomic analysis without causing permanent anatomic or physiologic dysfunction. Microneedles can mediate safe and effective intracochlear sampling and show great promise for inner ear diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Szeto
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Harkness Pavilion, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Aykut Aksit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chris Valentini
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Harkness Pavilion, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Michelle Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Harkness Pavilion, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Emily G Werth
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shahar Goeta
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chuanning Tang
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lewis M Brown
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Olson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Harkness Pavilion, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Kysar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Harkness Pavilion, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Anil K Lalwani
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Harkness Pavilion, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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Liao AH, Wang CH, Weng PY, Lin YC, Wang H, Chen HK, Liu HL, Chuang HC, Shih CP. Ultrasound-induced microbubble cavitation via a transcanal or transcranial approach facilitates inner ear drug delivery. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132880. [PMID: 31895697 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-induced microbubble (USMB) cavitation is widely used to promote drug delivery. Our previous study investigated USMB targeting the round window membrane by applying the ultrasound transducer to the tympanic bulla. In the present study, we further extended the use of this technology to enhance drug delivery to the inner ear by introducing the ultrasound transducer into the external auditory canal (EAC) or applying it to the skull. Using a 3-dimensional-printed diffusion apparatus mimicking the pathway for ultrasound passing through and reaching the middle ear cavity in vitro, the models simulating the transcanal and transcranial approach demonstrated 4.8-fold- and 3.7-fold-higher delivery efficiencies, respectively. In an in vivo model of guinea pigs, by filling tympanic bulla with microbubbles and biotin-FITC, USMB applied transcanally and transcranially induced 2.8-fold and 1.5-fold increases in biotin-FITC delivery efficiencies, respectively. In addition, the gentamicin uptake by cochlear and vestibular hair cells and gentamicin-induced hair cell loss were significantly enhanced following transcanal application of USMB. On the 28th day after transcanal USMB, safety assessment showed no significant changes in the hearing thresholds and the integrity of cochlea. These are the first results to our knowledge to demonstrate the feasibility and support the potential clinical application of applying USMB via EAC to facilitate drug delivery into the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ho Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yu Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hang-Kang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chiao Chuang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Shih
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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State-of-the-art methods in clinical intracochlear drug delivery. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 27:381-386. [PMID: 31460985 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Increasing awareness and prevalence of disorders in hearing and balance have placed emphasis on treatment strategies. With the rapid evolution in molecular, gene, and nanotechnology, alternate delivery methods have advanced intracochlear drug delivery. This review aims to raise awareness of recent developments in technologies to augment current clinical practices. RECENT FINDINGS Intracochlear drug delivery research has expanded with the familiarity and accessibility to cochlear implantation. Various therapeutics are closely studied for both safety and efficacy as well as biologic effect. Agents including neurotrophins, antiapoptotics, cell therapy, gene therapy, and anti-inflammatory drugs are on the forefront of preclinical research. Cochlear implant electrode modification and drug administration at the time of implantation is a major focus of research. Improvements in study design have focused on overcoming barriers including elucidating the role of the blood-perilymph barrier. SUMMARY Inner ear drug delivery methods include systemic, intratympanic, and intracochlear administration. Therapeutic technologies aim to overcome delivery barriers and to improve overall biologic effect while minimizing toxicity. Precision of drug application through intratympanic and intracochlear administration with minimal trauma is the future of inner ear drug development.
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Szeto B, Chiang H, Valentini C, Yu M, Kysar JW, Lalwani AK. Inner ear delivery: Challenges and opportunities. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:122-131. [PMID: 32128438 PMCID: PMC7042639 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The treatment of inner ear disorders remains challenging due to anatomic barriers intrinsic to the bony labyrinth. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances and strategies for overcoming these barriers and to discuss promising future avenues for investigation. DATA SOURCES The databases used were PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. RESULTS Although some studies aimed to improve systemic delivery using nanoparticle systems, the majority enhanced local delivery using hydrogels, nanoparticles, and microneedles. Developments in direct intracochlear delivery include intracochlear injection and intracochlear implants. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of a systemic drug that targets only the inner ear, the best alternative is local delivery that harnesses a combination of new strategies to overcome anatomic barriers. The combination of microneedle technology with hydrogel and nanoparticle delivery is a promising area for future investigation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Szeto
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew York
| | - Harry Chiang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew York
| | - Chris Valentini
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew York
| | - Michelle Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew York
| | - Jeffrey W. Kysar
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew York
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Anil K. Lalwani
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew York
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
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Early S, Moon IS, Bommakanti K, Hunter I, Stankovic KM. A novel microneedle device for controlled and reliable liquid biopsy of the human inner ear. Hear Res 2019; 381:107761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Santimetaneedol A, Wang Z, Arteaga DN, Aksit A, Prevoteau C, Yu M, Chiang H, Fafalis D, Lalwani AK, Kysar JW. Small molecule delivery across a perforated artificial membrane by thermoreversible hydrogel poloxamer 407. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110300. [PMID: 31326623 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microperforations in the round window membrane have been suggested for enhancing the rate and reliability of drug delivery into the cochlea. Intratympanic injection, the most common delivery method, involves injecting therapy into the middle ear to establish a reservoir from which drug diffuses across the round window membrane into the cochlea. This process is highly variable because (i) the reservoir, if liquid, can lose contact with the membrane and (ii) diffusion across the membrane is intrinsically variable even with a stable reservoir. To address these respective sources of variability, we compared the thermoreversible hydrogel poloxamer 407 (P407) to saline as a drug carrier and studied the effect of membrane microperforations on drug diffusion rate. We used Rhodamine B as a drug proxy to measure permeance across an artificial membrane in a horizontal diffusion cell. We found that permeance of Rhodamine B from a saline reservoir was an order of magnitude higher than that from a P407 reservoir across unperforated membranes. Moreover, permeance increased with total perforation cross-sectional area regardless of number of perforations (p < 0.05 for all saline-based experiments), but the same association was not found with P407. Rather, for a P407 reservoir, only a large perforation increased permeance (p < 0.001), while multiple small perforations did not (p = 0.749). These results confirm that for drug dissolved in saline, multiple small perforations can effectively enhance diffusion. However, for drug dissolved in P407, larger perforations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santimetaneedol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - D N Arteaga
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - A Aksit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - C Prevoteau
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - H Chiang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - D Fafalis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - A K Lalwani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - J W Kysar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Hao J, Li SK. Inner ear drug delivery: Recent advances, challenges, and perspective. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 126:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Liu X, Li M, Smyth H, Zhang F. Otic drug delivery systems: formulation principles and recent developments. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1395-1408. [PMID: 29659300 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1464022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of the ear severely impact the quality of life of millions of people, but the treatment of these disorders is an ongoing, but often overlooked challenge particularly in terms of formulation design and product development. The prevalence of ear disorders has spurred significant efforts to develop new therapeutic agents, but perhaps less innovation has been applied to new drug delivery systems to improve the efficacy of ear disease treatments. This review provides a brief overview of physiology, major diseases, and current therapies used via the otic route of administration. The primary focuses are on the various administration routes and their formulation principles. The article also presents recent advances in otic drug deliveries as well as potential limitations. Otic drug delivery technology will likely evolve in the next decade and more efficient or specific treatments for ear disease will arise from the development of less invasive drug delivery methods, safe and highly controlled drug delivery systems, and biotechnology targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- a College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Mingshuang Li
- b Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Hugh Smyth
- a College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- a College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
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Optimized phospholipid-based nanoparticles for inner ear drug delivery and therapy. Biomaterials 2018; 171:133-143. [PMID: 29689410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To develop efficient carriers for inner ear drug delivery, we prepared four kinds of phospholipid-based nanoparticles: neutral, anionic, cationic, and cationic-PEG (polyethyleneglycol) particles. PEG was used to maintain long-term particle circulation in the perilymph, avoiding non-specific binding of particles to proteins. All four nanoparticles were about 200 nm in diameter, and their zeta potentials were -4.32, -26.0, +25.8, and -0.28, respectively, for neutral, anionic, cationic, and cationic-PEG nanoparticles. To test particle efficacy in vitro, we used an artificial mucosa 100 μm in thickness to model the round window membrane (RWM) and HEI-OC1 cells, which were treated with particles containing Nile Red dye. Based on the levels of particle penetration and cellular uptake in this model system, we selected an optimal particle for further study. We also observed the movement of particles in ex vivo organotypic cultures of the organ of Corti. In mice, we analyzed the biodistribution of dexamethasone (Dex) in the inner ear after intratympanic injection of Dex-loaded nanoparticles. Then, we tested the therapeutic utility of the Dex-loaded nanoparticles in a mouse model of ototoxicity. In the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test, particle provided improved hearing loss recovery at all tested frequencies, more so than did the Dex sodium phosphate (Dex-SP) solution in current clinical use. Furthermore, quantitative PCR showed that nanoparticles reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects superior to those of Dex-SP. Thus, the surface properties of nanoparticles play pivotal roles in particle penetration and distribution after intratympanic injection. Our in vitro screening system using an artificial mucosa will also be valuable in the development of carriers for inner ear drug delivery.
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