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Sarmadi F, Gao Z, Su J, Barbier C, Artusa P, Bijian K, Gleason JL, White JH. Bifunctionality and Antitumor Efficacy of ZG-126, a Vitamin D Receptor Agonist/Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Hybrid Molecule. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11182-11196. [PMID: 38906533 PMCID: PMC11249012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Analogues of hormonal vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), signal through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). They have potential in combination therapies with other anticancer agents such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi's). Here, we characterize the ZG series of hybrid compounds that combine HDACi within the backbone of a VDR agonist. All display improved solubility, with ZG-126 being the most robustly bifunctional molecule in multiple cell lines. ZG-126 is well tolerated and strongly induces VDR target gene expression in vivo at therapeutic doses. Its antitumor efficacy is superior to 1,25D and the HDACi SAHA, separately or together, in mouse models of melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Notably, ZG-126 treatment reduces metastases almost 4-fold in an aggressive TNBC model. ZG-126 also reduces total macrophage infiltration and the proportion of immunosuppressive M2-polarized macrophages in TNBC tumors by 2-fold. ZG-126 thus represents a bifunctional and efficacious anticancer agent with improved physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sarmadi
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Zhizhong Gao
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jie Su
- Segal Cancer Center and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Camille Barbier
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Patricio Artusa
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Krikor Bijian
- Segal Cancer Center and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - James L Gleason
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - John H White
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Torres A, Cameselle C, Otero P, Simal-Gandara J. The Impact of Vitamin D and Its Dietary Supplementation in Breast Cancer Prevention: An Integrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:573. [PMID: 38474702 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is currently a significant public health issue closely linked to numerous diseases, such as breast cancer. This study aims to determine the estimated optimal serum levels of vitamin D to have a protective effect against breast cancer, in addition to exploring the biological mechanisms and risk factors involved. A literature search of articles published in the last 5 years was conducted, and simple statistical analyses using mean and standard deviation were performed to calculate the average concentration of vitamin D from different available studies. It has been observed that serum levels of vitamin D ≥ 40.26 ng/mL ± 14.19 ng/mL could exert a protective effect against breast cancer. Additionally, various biological mechanisms, such as those related to the immune system, and risk factors like diet implicated in this relationship were elucidated. Consequently, it can be concluded that proper serum levels of vitamin D may have a protective effect against breast cancer, and dietary supplementation may be an appropriate procedure to achieve these optimal vitamin D concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Torres
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Carla Cameselle
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
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Zheng M, Li H, Gao Y, Brigstock DR, Gao R. Vitamin D 3 analogue calcipotriol inhibits the profibrotic effects of transforming growth factor- β1 on pancreatic stellate cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176000. [PMID: 37604222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the inhibitory effect of vitamin D3 analogue calcipotriol (Cal) on the fibrosis of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) induced by TGF-β1 and the rationality of Cal use in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP). MATERIAL AND METHODS Double-labeling immunofluorescence was used for the identification of VDR+PSCs in the pancreas of healthy controls (HC) and ACP patients. Van Gieson staining for examination of collagen fibers. RT-qPCR and Western Blot for determining the mRNAs and proteins of VDR, TGF-β1 and COL1A1 in the pancreas of ACP or in vitro PSCs. ELISA or LC-MS/MS for detection of serum TGF-β1 and COL1A1 or 25(OH)D3. The PSC line (RP-2 cell) was used for the determination of proteomic alterations in Cal plus TGF-β1 versus TGF-β1 and to examine the effect of VDR gene knockdown. RESULTS Enhanced expression of VDR was detected in RP-2 cells stimulated with alcohol (ALC) plus Cal versus Cal alone and in PSCs in the pancreas of ACP versus HC. The increased VDR+PSCs were positively correlated with the levels of COL1A1 mRNAs or areas of collagen deposition in the pancreas of ACP. TGF-β1 was overexpressed in the pancreas of ACP and ALC-treated RP-2 cells while 25(OH)D3 level in serum was significantly decreased in ACP versus HC. Through a VDR-dependent mechanism, Cal antagonized 16 profibrotic proteins in TGF-β1-induced RP-2 cells that included 7 extracellular matrix components, 2 cytoskeletal proteins, 2 fibrosis-associated factors (RUNX1 and TRAF2), TIMP-1, CCN1, integrin α11, an adhesion scaffold protein (TGFB1i1) and an enzyme mediating TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis (ENPP1). CONCLUSION This study suggests that Cal administration may be a potential antifibrotic strategy via inhibiting TGF-β1-mediated PSC action during the development of ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - David R Brigstock
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Runping Gao
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Kotob S, Kelts JL. PRIMA-1 MET Does Not Restore Vitamin D Sensitivity to MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30500-30507. [PMID: 37636961 PMCID: PMC10448659 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that causes growth suppression in cultured cells. We had previously discovered that the triple-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 did not have growth suppression with vitamin D, while MCF-7 did. MCF-7 cells are not triple-negative and have wild-type p53. Both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 have mutations in p53 and these mutations were a possible explanation for the lack of growth suppression with vitamin D. Our hypothesis was that reactivation of p53 in the triple-negative cell lines would cause them to become sensitive to vitamin D. We chose to use the small molecule PRIMA-1MET to reactivate p53 as it has been previously shown to restore function to the p53 mutants present in MB-231 and MB-468. We then measured the ability of vitamin D and its analogues calcipotriol and EB1089 to suppress growth in the presence of PRIMA-1MET. Here, we show that while PRIMA-1MET can kill the breast cancer cells investigated in this study, it does not restore their sensitivity to vitamin D or its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi
N. Kotob
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan 48502, United States
| | - Jessica L. Kelts
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan 48502, United States
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Narvaez CJ, Bak MJ, Salman N, Welsh J. Vitamin K2 enhances the tumor suppressive effects of 1,25(OH) 2D 3 in triple negative breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 231:106307. [PMID: 37030416 PMCID: PMC10752295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
K vitamins are well known as essential cofactors for hepatic γ-carboxylation of coagulation factors, but their potential role in chronic diseases including cancer is understudied. K2, the most abundant form of vitamin K in tissues, exerts anti-cancer effects via diverse mechanisms which are not completely understood. Our studies were prompted by previous work demonstrating that the K2 precursor menadione synergized with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) to inhibit growth of MCF7 luminal breast cancer cells. Here we assessed whether K2 modified the anti-cancer effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell models. We examined the independent and combined effects of these vitamins on morphology, cell viability, mammosphere formation, cell cycle, apoptosis and protein expression in three TNBC cell models (MDA-MB-453, SUM159PT, Hs578T). We found that all three TNBC cell lines expressed low levels of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and were modestly growth inhibited by 1,25(OH)2D3 in association with cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. Induction of differentiated morphology by 1,25(OH)2D3 was observed in two of the cell lines (MDA-MB-453, Hs578T). Treatment with K2 alone reduced viability of MDA-MB-453 and SUM159PT cells but not Hs578T cells. Co-treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 and K2 significantly reduced viable cell number relative to either treatment alone in Hs578T and SUM159PT cells. The combination treatment induced G0/G1 arrest in MDA-MB-453 cells, Hs578T and SUM159PT cells. Combination treatment altered mammosphere size and morphology in a cell specific manner. Of particular interest, treatment with K2 increased VDR expression in SUM159PT cells suggesting that the synergistic effects in these cells may be secondary to increased sensitivity to 1,25(OH)2D3. The phenotypic effects of K2 in TNBC cells did not correlate with γ-carboxylation suggesting non-canonical actions. In summary, 1,25(OH)2D3 and K2 exert tumor suppressive effects in TNBC cells, inducing cell cycle arrest leading to differentiation and/or apoptosis depending on the specific cell line. Further mechanistic studies to clarify common and unique targets of these two fat soluble vitamins in TNBC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Narvaez
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Min Ji Bak
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Natalia Salman
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States.
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Zemlin C, Altmayer L, Stuhlert C, Schleicher JT, Wörmann C, Lang M, Scherer LS, Thul IC, Spenner LS, Simon JA, Wind A, Kaiser E, Weber R, Goedicke-Fritz S, Wagenpfeil G, Zemlin M, Solomayer EF, Reichrath J, Müller C. Prevalence and Relevance of Vitamin D Deficiency in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061450. [PMID: 36986179 PMCID: PMC10056197 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in many types of cancer. It was the aim of this study to analyze serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, and the association with prognostic and lifestyle factors. (2) Methods: 110 non-metastatic breast cancer patients were included in the prospective observational “BEGYN” study at Saarland University Medical Center between September 2019 and January 2021. At the initiation visit, serum 25(OH)D levels were measured. Clinicopathological data on prognosis, nutrition, and lifestyle were extracted from data files and obtained using a questionnaire. (3) Results: Median serum 25(OH)D in breast cancer patients was 24 ng/mL (range 5–65 ng/mL), with 64.8% of patients being vitamin D deficient. 25(OH)D was higher among patients that reported the use of vitamin D supplements (43 ng/mL versus 22 ng/mL; p < 0.001), and in summer compared to other seasons (p = 0.03). Patients with moderate vitamin D deficiency were less likely to have triple negative breast cancer (p = 0.047). (4) Conclusions: Routinely measured vitamin D deficiency is common in breast cancer patients and needs to be detected and treated. However, our results do not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency may be a main prognostic factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Zemlin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Laura Altmayer
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Stuhlert
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Julia Theresa Schleicher
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Wörmann
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marina Lang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Laura-Sophie Scherer
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ida Clara Thul
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisanne Sophie Spenner
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jana Alisa Simon
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Alina Wind
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaiser
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Regine Weber
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics (IMBEI), Saarland University, Campus Homburg, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Erich-Franz Solomayer
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6841-1628-000
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Horas K, Abraham M, Ebert R, Weissenberger M, Maier GS, Jakob F, Rosenwald A, Rudert M. Vitamin D Receptor Expression Is Significantly Decreased in Bone Metastases Compared to Matched Primary Breast Cancer Tumours. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:133-143. [PMID: 36314889 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2142604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is ample evidence today that vitamin D signalling via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a pivotal role in cancer growth and metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyse VDR expression of primary breast cancer and corresponding bone metastases tissue samples. Collectively, 15 sample pairs and 11 samples of patients that did not develop metastases were analysed histologically for VDR expression (n = 41). Overall, VDR expression was significantly lower in bone metastases compared to primary tumour samples (p < .0001). Downregulation of the VDR in breast cancer cells may define a critical turning point in oncogenesis that accelerates cancer cell dissemination and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Horas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine Centre for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Abraham
- Bernhard-Heine Centre for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Regina Ebert
- Bernhard-Heine Centre for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Weissenberger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit S Maier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine Centre for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Department of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Gao N, Fu Y, Gong H, Liu H, Li W. Hyaluronic acid and cholecalciferol conjugate based nanomicelles: Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rosso C, Fera N, Murugan NJ, Voutsadakis IA. Vitamin D Levels in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients according to Tumor Sub-Types. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:926-938. [PMID: 36373265 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2144582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important regulator of bone health. In addition, as a ligand for a nuclear receptor expressed in breast cancer cells, vitamin D exerts neoplasia modulating effects in breast cancer. However, despite extensive investigations, associations of vitamin D levels with breast cancer patient characteristics and disease sub-types are conflicting. A retrospective review of medical records of consecutive breast cancer patients treated and followed in a single cancer center was undertaken. All patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD, the circulating form of vitamin D) measurements available within 3 months of their diagnosis and before the start of any systemic treatment were included. Characteristics of patients and tumors with sufficient levels of 25-OHD were compared with those of patients with 25-OHD insufficiency. Two hundred ninety-two patients were included in the study. Almost two-thirds of the patients were 25-OHD insufficient, defined as having 25-OHD levels below 75 nmol/L. Compared with the group of patients who were 25-OHD sufficient, patients with 25-OHD insufficiency were younger and more often obese. Tumors of patients with 25-OHD insufficiency were more often ductal, of higher grade, and ER negative. 25-OHD insufficiency is prevalent in breast cancer patients and even more prevalent in younger and obese patients. 25-OHD insufficiency is associated with cancers that have aggressive characteristics, including higher grade and ER negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rosso
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Fera
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Nirosha J Murugan
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
- Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Endothelium-Dependent Induction of Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Is Inhibited by Calcitriol and Curcumin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147659. [PMID: 35887002 PMCID: PMC9318499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In highly aggressive tumors, cancer cells may form channel-like structures through a process known as vasculogenic mimicry (VM). VM is generally associated with metastasis, mesenchymal phenotype, and treatment resistance. VM can be driven by antiangiogenic treatments and/or tumor microenvironment-derived factors, including those from the endothelium. Curcumin, a turmeric product, inhibits VM in some tumors, while calcitriol, the most active vitamin D metabolite, exerts potent antineoplastic effects. However, the effect of these natural products on VM in breast cancer remains unknown. Herein, we studied the effect of both compounds on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) VM-capacity in a co-culture model. The process of endothelial cell-induced VM in two human TNBC cell lines was robustly inhibited by calcitriol and partially by curcumin. Calcitriol promoted TNBC cells’ morphological change from spindle-like to cobblestone-shape, while curcumin diminished VM 3D-structure. Notably, the treatments dephosphorylated several active kinases, especially those involved in the PI3K/Akt pathway. In summary, calcitriol and curcumin disrupted endothelium-induced VM in TNBC cells partially by PI3K/Akt inactivation and mesenchymal phenotype inhibition. Our results support the possible use of these natural compounds as adjuvants for VM inactivation in patients with malignant tumors inherently capable of forming VM, or those with antiangiogenic therapy, warranting further in vivo studies.
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Muñoz A, Grant WB. Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071448. [PMID: 35406059 PMCID: PMC9003337 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a narrative review of the evidence supporting vitamin D’s anticancer actions. The first section reviews the findings from ecological studies of cancer with respect to indices of solar radiation, which found a reduced risk of incidence and mortality for approximately 23 types of cancer. Meta-analyses of observational studies reported the inverse correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with the incidence of 12 types of cancer. Case-control studies with a 25(OH)D concentration measured near the time of cancer diagnosis are stronger than nested case-control and cohort studies as long follow-up times reduce the correlations due to changes in 25(OH)D with time. There is no evidence that undiagnosed cancer reduces 25(OH)D concentrations unless the cancer is at a very advanced stage. Meta-analyses of cancer incidence with respect to dietary intake have had limited success due to the low amount of vitamin D in most diets. An analysis of 25(OH)D-cancer incidence rates suggests that achieving 80 ng/mL vs. 10 ng/mL would reduce cancer incidence rates by 70 ± 10%. Clinical trials have provided limited support for the UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis due to poor design and execution. In recent decades, many experimental studies in cultured cells and animal models have described a wide range of anticancer effects of vitamin D compounds. This paper will review studies showing the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and invasion together with the sensitization to proapoptotic agents. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and other vitamin D receptor agonists modulate the biology of several types of stromal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells in a way that interferes the apparition of metastases. In sum, the available mechanistic data support the global protective action of vitamin D against several important types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERONC and IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +14-15-409-1980
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