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Liu H, Liu L, Rosen CJ. PTH and the Regulation of Mesenchymal Cells within the Bone Marrow Niche. Cells 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38474370 PMCID: PMC10930661 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a pivotal role in maintaining calcium homeostasis, largely by modulating bone remodeling processes. Its effects on bone are notably dependent on the duration and frequency of exposure. Specifically, PTH can initiate both bone formation and resorption, with the outcome being influenced by the manner of PTH administration: continuous or intermittent. In continuous administration, PTH tends to promote bone resorption, possibly by regulating certain genes within bone cells. Conversely, intermittent exposure generally favors bone formation, possibly through transient gene activation. PTH's role extends to various aspects of bone cell activity. It directly influences skeletal stem cells, osteoblastic lineage cells, osteocytes, and T cells, playing a critical role in bone generation. Simultaneously, it indirectly affects osteoclast precursor cells and osteoclasts, and has a direct impact on T cells, contributing to its role in bone resorption. Despite these insights, the intricate mechanisms through which PTH acts within the bone marrow niche are not entirely understood. This article reviews the dual roles of PTH-catabolic and anabolic-on bone cells, highlighting the cellular and molecular pathways involved in these processes. The complex interplay of these factors in bone remodeling underscores the need for further investigation to fully comprehend PTH's multifaceted influence on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Linyi Liu
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
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2
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Perkins RS, Singh R, Abell AN, Krum SA, Miranda-Carboni GA. The role of WNT10B in physiology and disease: A 10-year update. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1120365. [PMID: 36814601 PMCID: PMC9939717 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1120365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT10B, a member of the WNT family of secreted glycoproteins, activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade to control proliferation, stemness, pluripotency, and cell fate decisions. WNT10B plays roles in many tissues, including bone, adipocytes, skin, hair, muscle, placenta, and the immune system. Aberrant WNT10B signaling leads to several diseases, such as osteoporosis, obesity, split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM), fibrosis, dental anomalies, and cancer. We reviewed WNT10B a decade ago, and here we provide a comprehensive update to the field. Novel research on WNT10B has expanded to many more tissues and diseases. WNT10B polymorphisms and mutations correlate with many phenotypes, including bone mineral density, obesity, pig litter size, dog elbow dysplasia, and cow body size. In addition, the field has focused on the regulation of WNT10B using upstream mediators, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). We also discussed the therapeutic implications of WNT10B regulation. In summary, research conducted during 2012-2022 revealed several new, diverse functions in the role of WNT10B in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Perkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Rishika Singh
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amy N. Abell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan A. Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni,
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3
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Cao RR, Yu XH, Xiong MF, Li XT, Deng FY, Lei SF. The immune factors have complex causal regulation effects on bone mineral density. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959417. [PMID: 36341399 PMCID: PMC9630477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has gradually recognized that the immune and skeletal systems are two closely correlated systems, but the specific immune factors on bone mineral density (BMD) are largely unknown. Based on the summary-level data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we performed a series of analyses including two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test potential causal links between 731 immune traits [including median fluorescence intensities (MFIs), absolute cell (AC) counts, relative cell (RC) counts, and morphological parameters (MP)] and BMD. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, 9 MFI-BMD, 16 AC-BMD, 22 RC-BMD, and 5 MP-BMD pairs reached the level of significance (FDR-adjusted p< 0.05). For MFI traits, the T- and B-cell panels had the largest number of significant immune trait pairs than other panels. CD40, as a molecule expressed by four subsets of monocytes, was highlighted due to its consistently positive correlation with BMD at four sites. For both AC and RC traits, immune traits from the T-cell panel were also highlighted, with CD39-positive T-cell subsets being the most frequently observed feature. For MP traits, the most significant association immune trait with BMD was SSC-A on CD14+ monocyte. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the identified immune factors were robust to pleiotropy. Multivariable MR analysis confirmed the independent causal effect of several immune traits on BMD. Mediation analyses showed that CD40 on monocytes could mediate multiple immune traits, especially the suggestive associations of CD27 on several memory B cells with BMD mediated by CD40 on CD14+ CD16- monocyte. Our study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of the causal effects of immune traits on the risk of osteoporosis. The findings highlighted the complex and important role of immune-derived factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Cao
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing-Hao Yu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng-Fei Xiong
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ting Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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4
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Pal S, Perrien DS, Yumoto T, Faccio R, Stoica A, Adams J, Coopersmith CM, Jones RM, Weitzmann MN, Pacifici R. The microbiome restrains melanoma bone growth by promoting intestinal NK and Th1 cell homing to bone. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e157340. [PMID: 35503658 PMCID: PMC9197523 DOI: 10.1172/jci157340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are frequent complications of malignant melanoma leading to reduced quality of life and significant morbidity. Regulation of immune cells by the gut microbiome influences cancer progression, but the role of the microbiome in tumor growth in bone is unknown. Using intracardiac or intratibial injections of B16-F10 melanoma cells into mice, we showed that gut microbiome depletion by broad-spectrum antibiotics accelerated intraosseous tumor growth and osteolysis. Microbiome depletion blunted melanoma-induced expansion of intestinal NK cells and Th1 cells and their migration from the gut to tumor-bearing bones. Demonstrating the functional relevance of immune cell trafficking from the gut to the bone marrow (BM) in bone metastasis, blockade of S1P-mediated intestinal egress of NK and Th1 cells, or inhibition of their CXCR3/CXCL9-mediated influx into the BM, prevented the expansion of BM NK and Th1 cells and accelerated tumor growth and osteolysis. Using a mouse model, this study revealed mechanisms of microbiota-mediated gut-bone crosstalk that are relevant to the immunological restraint of melanoma metastasis and tumor growth in bone. Microbiome modifications induced by antibiotics might have negative clinical consequences in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel S. Perrien
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tetsuya Yumoto
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andreea Stoica
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rheinallt M. Jones
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - M. Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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5
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Zweifler LE, Koh AJ, Daignault-Newton S, McCauley LK. Anabolic actions of PTH in murine models: two decades of insights. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1979-1998. [PMID: 34101904 PMCID: PMC8596798 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced by the parathyroid glands in response to low serum calcium concentrations where it targets bones, kidneys, and indirectly, intestines. The N-terminus of PTH has been investigated for decades for its ability to stimulate bone formation when administered intermittently (iPTH) and is used clinically as an effective anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Despite great interest in iPTH and its clinical use, the mechanisms of PTH action remain complicated and not fully defined. More than 70 gene targets in more than 90 murine models have been utilized to better understand PTH anabolic actions. Because murine studies utilized wild-type mice as positive controls, a variety of variables were analyzed to better understand the optimal conditions under which iPTH functions. The greatest responses to iPTH were in male mice, with treatment starting later than 12 weeks of age, a treatment duration lasting 5-6 weeks, and a PTH dose of 30-60 μg/kg/day. This comprehensive study also evaluated these genetic models relative to the bone formative actions with a primary focus on the trabecular compartment revealing trends in critical genes and gene families relevant for PTH anabolic actions. The summation of these data revealed the gene deletions with the greatest increase in trabecular bone volume in response to iPTH. These included PTH and 1-α-hydroxylase (Pth;1α(OH)ase, 62-fold), amphiregulin (Areg, 15.8-fold), and PTH related protein (Pthrp, 10.2-fold). The deletions with the greatest inhibition of the anabolic response include deletions of: proteoglycan 4 (Prg4, -9.7-fold), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6, 1.3-fold), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5, -1.0-fold). Anabolic actions of iPTH were broadly affected via multiple and diverse genes. This data provides critical insight for future research and development, as well as application to human therapeutics. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Zweifler
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy J Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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6
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Parathyroid hormone and its related peptides in bone metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114669. [PMID: 34224692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an 84-amino-acid peptide hormone that is secreted by the parathyroid gland. It has different administration modes in bone tissue through which it promotes bone formation (intermittent administration) and bone resorption (continuous administration) and has great potential for application in sbone defect repair. PTH regulates bone metabolism by binding to PTH1R. PTH plays an osteogenic role by acting directly on mesenchymal stem cells, cells with an osteoblastic lineage, osteocytes, and T cells. It also participates as an osteoclast by indirectly acting on osteoclast precursor cells and osteoclasts and directly acting on T cells. In these cells, PTH activates the Wnt signaling, cAMP/PKA, cAMP/PKC, and RANKL/RANK/OPG pathways and other signaling pathways. Although PTH(1-34), also known as teriparatide, has been used clinically, it still has some disadvantages. Developing improved PTH-related peptides is a potential solution to teriparatide's shortcomings. The action mechanism of these PTH-related peptides is not exactly the same as that of PTH. Thus, the mechanisms of PTH and PTH-related peptides in bone metabolism were reviewed in this paper.
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7
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Hasenmajer V, Puliani G, Minnetti M, Sbardella E, Mastroianni CM, D'Ettorre G, Isidori AM, Gianfrilli D. Beyond Bone: Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Parathyroid Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1369:17-32. [PMID: 33782903 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid disorders are characterized by alterations in calcium and phosphate homeostasis due to inappropriately high or low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Despite PTH receptor type 1 has been described in almost all immune lineages and calcium signalling has been confirmed as a crucial mediator for immune response, in vitro studies on the physiological interactions between PTH and immunity are conflicting and not representative of the clinical scenarios seen in patients with parathyroid disorders. Infectious diseases are among the main causes of increased morbidity and mortality in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and chronic kidney disease. More, immune alterations have been described in primary hyperparathyroidism. Recent studies have unveiled an increased risk of infections also in hypoparathyroidism, suggesting that not only calcium, but also physiological levels of PTH may be necessary for a proper immune response. Finally, calcium/phosphate imbalance could affect negatively the prognosis of infectious diseases. Our review aimed to collect available data on infectious disease prevalence in patients with parathyroid disorders and new evidence on the role of PTH and calcium in determining the increased risk of infections observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Hasenmajer
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Puliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Oncological Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Minnetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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Abstract
Exposed surfaces of mammals are colonized with 100 trillion indigenous bacteria, fungi, and viruses, creating a diverse ecosystem known as the human microbiome. The gut microbiome is the richest microbiome and is now known to regulate postnatal skeletal development and the activity of the major endocrine regulators of bone. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the bone-regulating hormone that requires elements of the gut microbiome to exert both its bone catabolic and its bone anabolic effects. How the gut microbiome regulates the skeletal response to PTH is object of intense research. Involved mechanisms include absorption and diffusion of bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, and trafficking of immune cells from the gut to the bone marrow. This review will focus on how the gut microbiome communicates and regulates bone marrow cells in order to modulate the skeletal effects of PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Correspondence: Roberto Pacifici, M.D., Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Room 1309, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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9
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Yu M, Pal S, Paterson CW, Li JY, Tyagi AM, Adams J, Coopersmith CM, Weitzmann MN, Pacifici R. Ovariectomy induces bone loss via microbial-dependent trafficking of intestinal TNF+ T cells and Th17 cells. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143137. [PMID: 33586672 PMCID: PMC7880410 DOI: 10.1172/jci143137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency causes a gut microbiome-dependent expansion of BM Th17 cells and TNF-α-producing T cells. The resulting increased BM levels of IL-17a (IL-17) and TNF stimulate RANKL expression and activity, causing bone loss. However, the origin of BM Th17 cells and TNF+ T cells is unknown. Here, we show that ovariectomy (ovx) expanded intestinal Th17 cells and TNF+ T cells, increased their S1P receptor 1-mediated (S1PR1-mediated) egress from the intestine, and enhanced their subsequent influx into the BM through CXCR3- and CCL20-mediated mechanisms. Demonstrating the functional relevance of T cell trafficking, blockade of Th17 cell and TNF+ T cell egress from the gut or their influx into the BM prevented ovx-induced bone loss. Therefore, intestinal T cells are a proximal target of sex steroid deficiency relevant for bone loss. Blockade of intestinal T cell migration may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of postmenopausal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cameron W. Paterson
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Medical Corps, United States Navy, NROTC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jau-Yi Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abdul Malik Tyagi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - M. Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Li JY, Yu M, Pal S, Tyagi AM, Dar H, Adams J, Weitzmann MN, Jones RM, Pacifici R. Parathyroid hormone-dependent bone formation requires butyrate production by intestinal microbiota. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1767-1781. [PMID: 31917685 DOI: 10.1172/jci133473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a critical regulator of skeletal development that promotes both bone formation and bone resorption. Using microbiota depletion by wide-spectrum antibiotics and germ-free (GF) female mice, we showed that the microbiota was required for PTH to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass. Microbiota depletion lowered butyrate levels, a metabolite responsible for gut-bone communication, while reestablishment of physiologic levels of butyrate restored PTH-induced anabolism. The permissive activity of butyrate was mediated by GPR43 signaling in dendritic cells and by GPR43-independent signaling in T cells. Butyrate was required for PTH to increase the number of bone marrow (BM) regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs stimulated production of the osteogenic Wnt ligand Wnt10b by BM CD8+ T cells, which activated Wnt-dependent bone formation. Together, these data highlight the role that butyrate produced by gut luminal microbiota plays in triggering regulatory pathways, which are critical for the anabolic action of PTH in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Yi Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and.,Emory Microbiome Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mingcan Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and.,Emory Microbiome Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and.,Emory Microbiome Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abdul Malik Tyagi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and.,Emory Microbiome Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hamid Dar
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and.,Emory Microbiome Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and.,Emory Microbiome Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and.,Emory Microbiome Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Emory Microbiome Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology,, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, and.,Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and.,Emory Microbiome Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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11
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Zhang Y, Wang N, Ding M, Yang Y, Wang Z, Huang L, Zhu W, Mellor AL, Hou X, Zhou C, Yan R, Wang W, Wu S. CD40 Accelerates the Antigen-Specific Stem-Like Memory CD8 + T Cells Formation and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-Positive Tumor Eradication. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1012. [PMID: 32536922 PMCID: PMC7267052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific stem-like memory CD8+ T cells (Tscm) have a series of stem cell characteristics, including long-term survival, self-renewal, anti-apoptosis and persistent differentiation into cytotoxic T cells. The effective induction of tumor-specific CD8+ Tscm could persistently eradicate tumor in pro-tumor hostile microenvironment. This study was to investigate the role of CD40 in HPV16-specific CD8+ Tscm induction and its anti-tumor function. We found that CD40 activation accelerated vaccine-induced HPV16 E7-specific CD8+ Tscm formation. Comparing to other HPV-specific CD8+ T cells, CD8+ Tscm were found to be stronger and long-term anti-tumor function, in vivo and in vitro, even in the adoptive cellular transferring model. Furthermore, high frequencies of Tscm might prevent the HPV infection to move on to the development of cancer. And the CD40 effect on Tscm involved Wnt/β-catenin activation. Our study suggest that CD40 activation supports the generation of tumor-specific CD8+ Tscm, thus providing new insight into cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nisha Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meilin Ding
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Six Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Center for Gene and Cellular Immunotherapy, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zhu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew L Mellor
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaorui Hou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Yu M, Malik Tyagi A, Li JY, Adams J, Denning TL, Weitzmann MN, Jones RM, Pacifici R. PTH induces bone loss via microbial-dependent expansion of intestinal TNF + T cells and Th17 cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:468. [PMID: 31980603 PMCID: PMC6981196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss is a frequent but not universal complication of hyperparathyroidism. Using antibiotic-treated or germ-free mice, we show that parathyroid hormone (PTH) only caused bone loss in mice whose microbiota was enriched by the Th17 cell-inducing taxa segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB). SFB+ microbiota enabled PTH to expand intestinal TNF+ T and Th17 cells and increase their S1P-receptor-1 mediated egress from the intestine and recruitment to the bone marrow (BM) that causes bone loss. CXCR3-mediated TNF+ T cell homing to the BM upregulated the Th17 chemoattractant CCL20, which recruited Th17 cells to the BM. This study reveals mechanisms for microbiota-mediated gut-bone crosstalk in mice models of hyperparathyroidism that may help predict its clinical course. Targeting the gut microbiota or T cell migration may represent therapeutic strategies for hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abdul Malik Tyagi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jau-Yi Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors have traditionally been thought of as regulators of the development and function of immune and blood cells. However, an ever-expanding number of these factors have been discovered to have major effects on bone cells and the development of the skeleton in health and disease (Table 1). In addition, several cytokines have been directly linked to the development of osteoporosis in both animal models and in patients. In order to understand the mechanisms regulating bone cells and how this may be dysregulated in disease states, it is necessary to appreciate the diverse effects that cytokines and inflammation have on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone mass. This chapter provides a broad overview of this topic with extensive references so that, if desired, readers can access specific references to delve into individual topics in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lorenzo
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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14
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Ala M, Jafari RM, Dehpour AR. Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoporosis Correlation: Challenges and Hopes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:984-1001. [PMID: 32208120 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200324152517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and osteoporosis are two common diseases with different complications. Despite different therapeutic strategies, managing these diseases and reducing their burden have not been satisfactory, especially when they appear one after the other. In this review, we aimed to clarify the similarity, common etiology and possible common adjunctive therapies of these two major diseases and designate the known molecular pattern observed in them. Based on different experimental findings, we want to illuminate that interestingly similar pathways lead to diabetes and osteoporosis. Meanwhile, there are a few drugs involved in the treatment of both diseases, which most of the time act in the same line but sometimes with opposing results. Considering the correlation between diabetes and osteoporosis, more efficient management of both diseases, in conditions of concomitant incidence or cause and effect condition, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Li JY, Yu M, Tyagi AM, Vaccaro C, Hsu E, Adams J, Bellido T, Weitzmann MN, Pacifici R. IL-17 Receptor Signaling in Osteoblasts/Osteocytes Mediates PTH-Induced Bone Loss and Enhances Osteocytic RANKL Production. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:349-360. [PMID: 30399207 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a condition where elevated PTH levels lead to bone loss, in part through increased production of the osteoclastogenic factor IL-17A, by bone marrow (BM) T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, a subset of helper CD4+ T cells. In animals, PHPT is modeled by continuous PTH treatment (cPTH). In mice, an additional critical action of cPTH is the capacity to increase the production of RANKL by osteocytes. However, a definitive link between IL-17A and osteocytic expression of RANKL has not been made. Here we show that cPTH fails to induce cortical and trabecular bone loss and causes less intense bone resorption in conditional knock-out (IL-17RAΔOCY ) male and female mice lacking the expression of IL-17A receptor (IL-17RA) in dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1)-8kb-Cre-expressing cells, which include osteocytes and some osteoblasts. Therefore, direct IL-17RA signaling in osteoblasts/osteocytes is required for cPTH to exert its bone catabolic effects. In addition, in vivo, silencing of IL-17RA signaling in in DMP1-8kb-expressing cells blunts the capacity of cPTH to stimulate osteocytic RANKL production, indicating that cPTH augments osteocytic RANKL expression indirectly, via an IL-17A/IL-17RA-mediated mechanism. Thus, osteocytic production of RANKL and T cell production of IL-17A are both critical for the bone catabolic activity of cPTH. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Yi Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mingcan Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abdul Malik Tyagi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chiara Vaccaro
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emory Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Tyagi AM, Yu M, Darby TM, Vaccaro C, Li JY, Owens JA, Hsu E, Adams J, Weitzmann MN, Jones RM, Pacifici R. The Microbial Metabolite Butyrate Stimulates Bone Formation via T Regulatory Cell-Mediated Regulation of WNT10B Expression. Immunity 2018; 49:1116-1131.e7. [PMID: 30446387 PMCID: PMC6345170 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional supplementation with probiotics can prevent pathologic bone loss. Here we examined the impact of supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on bone homeostasis in eugonadic young mice. Micro-computed tomography revealed that LGG increased trabecular bone volume in mice, which was due to increased bone formation. Butyrate produced in the gut following LGG ingestion, or butyrate fed directly to germ-free mice, induced the expansion of intestinal and bone marrow (BM) regulatory T (Treg) cells. Interaction of BM CD8+ T cells with Treg cells resulted in increased secretion of Wnt10b, a bone anabolic Wnt ligand. Mechanistically, Treg cells promoted the assembly of a NFAT1-SMAD3 transcription complex in CD8+ cells, which drove expression of Wnt10b. Reducing Treg cell numbers, or reconstitution of TCRβ-/- mice with CD8+ T cells from Wnt10b-/- mice, prevented butyrate-induced bone formation and bone mass acquisition. Thus, butyrate concentrations regulate bone anabolism via Treg cell-mediated regulation of CD8+ T cell Wnt10b production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Malik Tyagi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mingcan Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Trevor M Darby
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chiara Vaccaro
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jau-Yi Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua A Owens
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emory Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | | | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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17
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Roser-Page S, Vikulina T, Yu K, McGee-Lawrence ME, Weitzmann MN. Neutralization of CD40 ligand costimulation promotes bone formation and accretion of vertebral bone mass in mice. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018. [PMID: 29522194 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immunosuppressive biologics are used in the management of RA and additional immunomodulators are under investigation including modulators of the CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) costimulation pathway. Tampering with immune function can have unanticipated skeletal consequences due to disruption of the immuno-skeletal interface, a nexus of shared cells and cytokine effectors serving discrete functions in both immune and skeletal systems. In this study, we examined the effect of MR1, a CD40L neutralizing antibody, on physiological bone remodelling in healthy mice. Methods Female C57BL6 mice were treated with MR1 and BMD was quantified by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and indices of trabecular bone structure were quantified by micro-CT. Serum biochemical markers were used to evaluate bone turnover and formation indices by histomorphometry. Results Unexpectedly, MR1 stimulated significant accretion of BMD and trabecular bone mass in the spine, but not in long bones. Surprisingly, bone accretion was accompanied by a significant increase in bone formation, rather than suppression of bone resorption. Mechanistically, MR1-induced bone accrual was associated with increased Treg development and elevated production of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, a costimulation inhibitor that promotes T cell anergy and CD8+ T cell expression of the bone anabolic ligand Wnt-10b. Conclusion Our studies reveal an unexpected bone anabolic activity of pharmacological CD40L suppression. Therapeutic targeting of the CD40L pathway may indeed have unforeseen consequences for the skeleton, but may also constitute a novel strategy to promote bone formation to ameliorate osteoporotic bone loss and reduce fracture risk in the axial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana Vikulina
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kanglun Yu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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18
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Roser-Page S, Vikulina T, Weiss D, Habib MM, Beck GR, Pacifici R, Lane TF, Weitzmann MN. CTLA-4Ig (abatacept) balances bone anabolic effects of T cells and Wnt-10b with antianabolic effects of osteoblastic sclerostin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1415:21-33. [PMID: 29500936 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activated lymphocytes promote inflammation and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), making T cells and B cells therapeutic targets. Indeed, pharmacological blockade of CD28 costimulation using CTLA-4Ig (abatacept), approved for amelioration of RA, renders T cells dormant (anergic). CTLA-4Ig also promotes bone accretion in healthy mice; surprisingly, however, this effect is driven exclusively through upregulation of bone formation, rather than anti-inflammatory effects on resorption. In the study presented here, we utilized T cell receptor β gene and Wnt-10b gene knockout mice to investigate the roles of T cells and Wnt-10b in CTLA-4Ig-induced bone anabolism. Ablation of either T cells or Wnt-10b not only abolished CTLA-4Ig-induced bone anabolism but also, paradoxically, suppressed bone formation leading to bone loss. Stalled bone formation was accompanied by bone marrow stromal cell expression of the Wnt pathway inhibitor sclerostin. Our data suggest that an immunoskeletal pivot may promote or suppress bone formation, depending on the net outcome of CTLA-4Ig action directed independently on T cells and osteoblast-linage cells that counter Wnt-10b-induced bone anabolism, by secretion of sclerostin. While CTLA-4Ig action is tipped in favor of bone formation under physiological conditions, pathological immunodeficiency may lead to suppressed bone formation and skeletal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana Vikulina
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark M Habib
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - George R Beck
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Timothy F Lane
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biological Chemistry, and Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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19
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Yu M, D'Amelio P, Tyagi AM, Vaccaro C, Li JY, Hsu E, Buondonno I, Sassi F, Adams J, Weitzmann MN, DiPaolo R, Pacifici R. Regulatory T cells are expanded by Teriparatide treatment in humans and mediate intermittent PTH-induced bone anabolism in mice. EMBO Rep 2017; 19:156-171. [PMID: 29158349 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Teriparatide is a bone anabolic treatment for osteoporosis, modeled in animals by intermittent PTH (iPTH) administration, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of iPTH are largely unknown. Here, we show that Teriparatide and iPTH cause a ~two-threefold increase in the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in humans and mice. Attesting in vivo relevance, blockade of the Treg increase in mice prevents the increase in bone formation and trabecular bone volume and structure induced by iPTH Therefore, increasing the number of Tregs is a pivotal mechanism by which iPTH exerts its bone anabolic activity. Increasing Tregs pharmacologically may represent a novel bone anabolic therapy, while iPTH-induced Treg increase may find applications in inflammatory conditions and transplant medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrizia D'Amelio
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Abdul Malik Tyagi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chiara Vaccaro
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jau-Yi Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emory Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ilaria Buondonno
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Sassi
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jonathan Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Richard DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA .,Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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Horváthová M, Ilavská S, Štefíková K, Szabová M, Krivošíková Z, Jahnová E, Tulinská J, Spustová V, Gajdoš M. The Cell Surface Markers Expression in Postmenopausal Women and Relation to Obesity and Bone Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070751. [PMID: 28696349 PMCID: PMC5551189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The age-related changes and hormonal deprivation in postmenopausal women are associated with the immune response alteration. The excessive fat accumulation, local and systemic inflammation may lead to dysregulation in immune function and relevant health problems, including obesity and osteoporosis. We analyzed the expression of cell surface markers in the venous blood specimens, stained with fluorophores-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and analysed by multicolour flow cytometry. The significant changes of cytotoxic, naive, and memory T-lymphocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) were in postmenopausal women versus fertile women. Body mass index (BMI) affected markedly the cell surface expression of CD265/RANK. Osteoporosis is linked to reduced percentage of plasmacytoid DCs, and elevated natural Treg cells (p < 0.05). The confounding factors such as women age, BMI, bone mineral density (BMD), waist size and tissue fat affect the expression of RANK on myeloid DCs and CD40L on T-lymphocytes that might be the immunophenotypic modulators after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Horváthová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Silvia Ilavská
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Kornélia Štefíková
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Michaela Szabová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zora Krivošíková
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Jahnová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Tulinská
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Viera Spustová
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Gajdoš
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes studies into the permissive role of T cells in the bone catabolic effects of hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone (PTH). RECENT FINDINGS Work in animals combined with recent translational studies in humans now highlight the potent amplificatory action of T cells on PTH-induced bone resorption. Mechanistic animal studies reveal a complex pathway by which PTH exploits natural self-renewal functions of CD4+ T cells, to drive TNFα production that promotes formation of IL-17A secreting Th17 T cells. TNFα and IL-17 further amplify osteoblastic receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) production and down-modulate osteoprotegerin (OPG), establishing conditions propitious for osteoclastic bone resorption. These findings are consistent with, and add to, the traditional view of PTH-induced bone loss involving only osteoblast-lineage cells. T cells potently amplify traditional pathways and provide permissive costimulatory signals to bone marrow stromal cells, facilitating the development of an increased RANKL/OPG ratio favourable to bone resorption and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neale Weitzmann
- Atlanta U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 1305 WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 1305 WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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22
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23
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Abstract
Osteoporosis develops when the rate of osteoclastic bone breakdown (resorption) exceeds that of osteoblastic bone formation, which leads to loss of BMD and deterioration of bone structure and strength. Osteoporosis increases the risk of fragility fractures, a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly patients. This imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption is brought about by natural ageing processes, but is frequently exacerbated by a number of pathological conditions. Of importance to the aetiology of osteoporosis are findings over the past two decades attesting to a deep integration of the skeletal system with the immune system (the immuno-skeletal interface (ISI)). Although protective of the skeleton under physiological conditions, the ISI might contribute to bone destruction in a growing number of pathophysiological states. Although numerous research groups have investigated how the immune system affects basal and pathological osteoclastic bone resorption, recent findings suggest that the reach of the adaptive immune response extends to the regulation of osteoblastic bone formation. This Review examines the evolution of the field of osteoimmunology and how advances in our understanding of the ISI might lead to novel approaches to prevent and treat bone loss, and avert fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neale Weitzmann
- The Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, Georgia, 30033, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, 1305 WMB, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Ighovwerha Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
- Grady Healthcare System, 80 Jesse Hill Jr Drive SE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303, USA
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Li JY, Chassaing B, Tyagi AM, Vaccaro C, Luo T, Adams J, Darby TM, Weitzmann MN, Mulle JG, Gewirtz AT, Jones RM, Pacifici R. Sex steroid deficiency-associated bone loss is microbiota dependent and prevented by probiotics. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2049-63. [PMID: 27111232 DOI: 10.1172/jci86062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A eubiotic microbiota influences many physiological processes in the metazoan host, including development and intestinal homeostasis. Here, we have shown that the intestinal microbiota modulates inflammatory responses caused by sex steroid deficiency, leading to trabecular bone loss. In murine models, sex steroid deficiency increased gut permeability, expanded Th17 cells, and upregulated the osteoclastogenic cytokines TNFα (TNF), RANKL, and IL-17 in the small intestine and the BM. In germ-free (GF) mice, sex steroid deficiency failed to increase osteoclastogenic cytokine production, stimulate bone resorption, and cause trabecular bone loss, demonstrating that the gut microbiota is central in sex steroid deficiency-induced trabecular bone loss. Furthermore, we demonstrated that twice-weekly treatment of sex steroid-deficient mice with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) or the commercially available probiotic supplement VSL#3 reduces gut permeability, dampens intestinal and BM inflammation, and completely protects against bone loss. In contrast, supplementation with a nonprobiotic strain of E. coli or a mutant LGG was not protective. Together, these data highlight the role that the gut luminal microbiota and increased gut permeability play in triggering inflammatory pathways that are critical for inducing bone loss in sex steroid-deficient mice. Our data further suggest that probiotics that decrease gut permeability have potential as a therapeutic strategy for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Onal M, St John HC, Danielson AL, Markert JW, Riley EM, Pike JW. Unique Distal Enhancers Linked to the Mouse Tnfsf11 Gene Direct Tissue-Specific and Inflammation-Induced Expression of RANKL. Endocrinology 2016; 157:482-96. [PMID: 26646205 PMCID: PMC4733116 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) is expressed by a number of cell types to participate in diverse physiological functions. We have previously identified 10 distal RANKL enhancers. Earlier studies have shown that RL-D5 is a multifunctional RANKL enhancer. Deletion of RL-D5 from the mouse genome leads to lower skeletal and lymphoid tissue RANKL, causing a high bone mass phenotype. Herein, we determine the physiological role and lineage specificity of 2 additional RANKL enhancers, RL-D6 and RL-T1, which are located 83 and 123 kb upstream of the gene's transcriptional start site, respectively. Lack of RL-D6 or RL-T1 did not alter skeletal RANKL or bone mineral density up to 48 weeks of age. Although both RL-D5 and RL-T1 contributed to activation induction of T-cell RANKL, RL-T1 knockout mice had drastically low lymphocyte and lymphoid tissue RANKL levels, indicating that RL-T1 is the major regulator of lymphocyte RANKL. Moreover, RL-T1 knockout mice had lower circulating soluble RANKL, suggesting that lymphocytes are important sources of circulating soluble RANKL. Under physiological conditions, lack of RL-D6 did not alter RANKL expression. However, lack of RL-D5 or RL-D6, but not of RL-T1, blunted the oncostatin M and lipopolysaccharide induction of RANKL ex vivo and in vivo, suggesting that RL-D5 and RL-D6 coregulate the inflammation-mediated induction of RANKL in osteocytes and osteoblasts while lack of RL-D6 did not alter secondary hyperparathyroidism or lactation induction of RANKL or bone loss. These results suggest that although RL-D5 mediates RANKL expression in multiple lineages, other cell type- or factor-specific enhancers are required for its appropriate control, demonstrating the cell type-specific and complex regulation of RANKL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Onal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - H C St John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - A L Danielson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J W Markert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - E M Riley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J W Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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26
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Javed F, Al Amri MD, Kellesarian SV, Al-Kheraif AA, Vohra F, Calvo-Guirado JL, Malmstrom H, Romanos GE. Efficacy of parathyroid hormone supplementation on the osseointegration of implants: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:649-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Li JY, D'Amelio P, Robinson J, Walker LD, Vaccaro C, Luo T, Tyagi AM, Yu M, Reott M, Sassi F, Buondonno I, Adams J, Weitzmann MN, Isaia GC, Pacifici R. IL-17A Is Increased in Humans with Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Mediates PTH-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. Cell Metab 2015; 22:799-810. [PMID: 26456334 PMCID: PMC4635034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common cause of bone loss that is modeled by continuous PTH (cPTH) infusion. Here we show that the inflammatory cytokine IL-17A is upregulated by PHPT in humans and cPTH in mice. In humans, IL-17A is normalized by parathyroidectomy. In mice, treatment with anti-IL-17A antibody and silencing of IL-17A receptor IL-17RA prevent cPTH-induced osteocytic and osteoblastic RANKL production and bone loss. Mechanistically, cPTH stimulates conventional T cell production of TNFα (TNF), which increases the differentiation of IL-17A-producing Th17 cells via TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling in CD4(+) cells. Moreover, cPTH enhances the sensitivity of naive CD4(+) cells to TNF via GαS/cAMP/Ca(2+) signaling. Accordingly, conditional deletion of GαS in CD4(+) cells and treatment with the calcium channel blocker diltiazem prevents Th17 cell expansion and blocks cPTH-induced bone loss. Neutralization of IL-17A and calcium channel blockers may thus represent novel therapeutic strategies for hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Yi Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Patrizia D'Amelio
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Jerid Robinson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lindsey D Walker
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chiara Vaccaro
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tao Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Abdul Malik Tyagi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mingcan Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Reott
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Francesca Sassi
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Buondonno
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Jonathan Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Giovanni Carlo Isaia
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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28
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Zhang J, Motyl KJ, Irwin R, MacDougald OA, Britton RA, McCabe LR. Loss of Bone and Wnt10b Expression in Male Type 1 Diabetic Mice Is Blocked by the Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3169-82. [PMID: 26135835 PMCID: PMC4541610 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D)-induced osteoporosis is characterized by a predominant suppression of osteoblast number and activity, as well as increased bone marrow adiposity but no change in osteoclast activity. The fundamental mechanisms and alternative anabolic treatments (with few side effects) for T1D bone loss remain undetermined. Recent studies by our laboratory and others indicate that probiotics can benefit bone health. Here, we demonstrate that Lactobacillus reuteri, a probiotic with anti-inflammatory and bone health properties, prevents T1D-induced bone loss and marrow adiposity in mice. We further found that L. reuteri treatment prevented the suppression of Wnt10b in T1D bone. Consistent with a role for attenuated bone Wnt10b expression in T1D osteoporosis, we observed that bone-specific Wnt10b transgenic mice are protected from T1D bone loss. To examine the mechanisms of this protection, we focused on TNF-α, a cytokine up-regulated in T1D that causes suppression of osteoblast Wnt10b expression in vitro. Addition of L. reuteri prevented TNF-α-mediated suppression of Wnt10b and osteoblast maturation markers. Taken together, our findings reveal a mechanism by which T1D causes bone loss and open new avenues for use of probiotics to benefit the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Physiology (J.Z., K.J.M., R.I., L.R.M.), Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (O.A.M.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), Department of Radiology (L.R.M.), and Biomedical Imaging Research Center (L.R.M.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Katherine J Motyl
- Department of Physiology (J.Z., K.J.M., R.I., L.R.M.), Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (O.A.M.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), Department of Radiology (L.R.M.), and Biomedical Imaging Research Center (L.R.M.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Regina Irwin
- Department of Physiology (J.Z., K.J.M., R.I., L.R.M.), Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (O.A.M.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), Department of Radiology (L.R.M.), and Biomedical Imaging Research Center (L.R.M.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Physiology (J.Z., K.J.M., R.I., L.R.M.), Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (O.A.M.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), Department of Radiology (L.R.M.), and Biomedical Imaging Research Center (L.R.M.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Robert A Britton
- Department of Physiology (J.Z., K.J.M., R.I., L.R.M.), Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (O.A.M.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), Department of Radiology (L.R.M.), and Biomedical Imaging Research Center (L.R.M.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology (J.Z., K.J.M., R.I., L.R.M.), Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (O.A.M.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (R.A.B.), Department of Radiology (L.R.M.), and Biomedical Imaging Research Center (L.R.M.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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29
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Kim JY, Kwak SC, Ahn SJ, Baek JM, Jung ST, Yun KJ, Yoon KH, Oh J, Lee MS. Development of a novel frontal bone defect mouse model for evaluation of osteogenesis efficiency. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3764-71. [PMID: 26053543 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The skull defect model is the existing representative osteogenesis model. The skull defect model involves monitoring osteogenesis patterns at the site of a skull defect, which has the advantages that identical defects can be induced across individual experimental animals and the results can be quantitatively evaluated. However, it can damage the cerebrum because it requires a complex surgery performed on the parietal bone. This study aims to develop a new osteogenesis model that compensates for the weak points of the existing model. Male 8-week-old imprinting control region mice were put under inhalational anesthesia, and the surgery area was disinfected with 70% ethanol prior to the creation of a 5-mm incision along the sagittal line between the glabella with a pair of scissors. The incised area was opened and, after we checked the positions of the inferior cerebral vein and the sagittal suture, a 21-gauge needle was used to make two symmetrical holes with respect to the sagittal suture 3 mm below the inferior cerebral vein and 2 mm on either side of the sagittal suture. After images were obtained using micro-computed tomography, the degree of osteogenesis was quantitatively analyzed. In addition, mRNA extracted from the site of the defect confirmed a significant increase in mRNA levels of collagen 1a, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and Runx2, known markers for osteoblasts. The promotion of osteogenesis could be observed at the site of the defect, by histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Kim
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Kwak
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology for Eastern Medicine (KISTEM), NeuMed Inc., Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Baek
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Tae Jung
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.,Department of Computer Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jung Yun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Oh
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Skeletal Disease, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Skeletal Disease, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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