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Everett T, Ten Eyck TW, Wu CH, Shelowitz AL, Stansbury SM, Firek A, Setlow B, McIntyre JC. Cilia loss on distinct neuron populations differentially alters cocaine-induced locomotion and reward. J Psychopharmacol 2024; 38:200-212. [PMID: 38151883 PMCID: PMC11078551 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231219058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal primary cilia are being recognized for their role in mediating signaling associated with a variety of neurobehaviors, including responses to drugs of abuse. They function as signaling hubs, enriched with a diverse array of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), including several associated with motivation and drug-related behaviors. However, our understanding of how cilia regulate neuronal function and behavior is still limited. AIMS The objective of the current study was to investigate the contributions of primary cilia on specific neuronal populations to behavioral responses to cocaine. METHODS To test the consequences of cilia loss on cocaine-induced locomotion and reward-related behavior, we selectively ablated cilia from dopaminergic or GAD2-GABAergic neurons in mice. RESULTS Cilia ablation on either population of neurons failed to significantly alter acute locomotor responses to cocaine at a range of doses. With repeated administration, mice lacking cilia on GAD2-GABAergic neurons showed no difference in locomotor sensitization to cocaine compared to wild-type (WT) littermates, whereas mice lacking cilia on dopaminergic neurons exhibited reduced locomotor sensitization to cocaine at 10 and 30 mg/kg. Mice lacking cilia on GAD2-GABAergic neurons showed no difference in cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP), whereas mice lacking cilia on dopaminergic neurons exhibited reduced CPP compared to WT littermates. CONCLUSIONS Combined with previous findings using amphetamine, our results show that behavioral effects of cilia ablation are cell- and drug type-specific, and that neuronal cilia contribute to modulation of both the locomotor-inducing and rewarding properties of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Everett
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Tyler W. Ten Eyck
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Chang-Hung Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | | | - Sofia M. Stansbury
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Alexandra Firek
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jeremy C. McIntyre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Jia Y, Le H, Wang X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Ding J, Zheng C, Chang F. Double-edged role of mechanical stimuli and underlying mechanisms in cartilage tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1271762. [PMID: 38053849 PMCID: PMC10694366 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1271762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and the homeostasis of chondrocytes, thus affecting implant success in cartilage tissue engineering. The mechanical microenvironment plays fundamental roles in the maturation and maintenance of natural articular cartilage, and the progression of osteoarthritis Hence, cartilage tissue engineering attempts to mimic this environment in vivo to obtain implants that enable a superior regeneration process. However, the specific type of mechanical loading, its optimal regime, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still under investigation. First, this review delineates the composition and structure of articular cartilage, indicating that the morphology of chondrocytes and components of the extracellular matrix differ from each other to resist forces in three top-to-bottom overlapping zones. Moreover, results from research experiments and clinical trials focusing on the effect of compression, fluid shear stress, hydrostatic pressure, and osmotic pressure are presented and critically evaluated. As a key direction, the latest advances in mechanisms involved in the transduction of external mechanical signals into biological signals are discussed. These mechanical signals are sensed by receptors in the cell membrane, such as primary cilia, integrins, and ion channels, which next activate downstream pathways. Finally, biomaterials with various modifications to mimic the mechanical properties of natural cartilage and the self-designed bioreactors for experiment in vitro are outlined. An improved understanding of biomechanically driven cartilage tissue engineering and the underlying mechanisms is expected to lead to efficient articular cartilage repair for cartilage degeneration and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
- The Second Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Hanxiang Le
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
- The Fourth Treatment Area of Trauma Hip Joint Surgery Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Second Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiacheng Ding
- The Second Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Changjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Hong R, Tian X, Ma H, Ni H, Yang J, Bu W, Li T, Yang S, Li D, Liu M, Tan Y. Primary cilium-mediated signaling cascade suppresses age-related biliary fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2600-2611. [PMID: 37683035 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is increasingly recognized as a crucial player in the physiology of biliary epithelial cells (BECs). However, the precise role of primary cilia in the development of age-related biliary fibrosis remains unclear. Herein, using cilium-deficient mice, we demonstrate that disruption of ciliary homeostasis in BECs in aged mice leads to significant bile duct proliferation, augmented biliary fibrosis, and heightened indicators of liver injury. Our RNA-sequencing data revealed a dysregulation in genes associated with various biological processes such as bile secretion, fatty acid metabolism, and inflammation. Loss of primary cilia also significantly enhanced signaling pathways driving the development of biliary fibrosis. Our findings collectively suggest that loss of primary cilia in the BECs of aged mice initiates a cascade of signaling events that contribute to biliary fibrosis, highlighting the primary cilium as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of fibrosing cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwen Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Te Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Roles of Local Soluble Factors in Maintaining the Growth Plate: An Update. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030534. [PMID: 36980807 PMCID: PMC10048135 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth plate is a cartilaginous tissue found at the ends of growing long bones, which contributes to the lengthening of bones during development. This unique structure contains at least three distinctive layers, including resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic chondrocyte zones, maintained by a complex regulatory network. Due to its soft tissue nature, the growth plate is the most susceptible tissue of the growing skeleton to injury in childhood. Although most growth plate damage in fractures can heal, some damage can result in growth arrest or disorder, impairing leg length and resulting in deformity. In this review, we re-visit previously established knowledge about the regulatory network that maintains the growth plate and integrate current research displaying the most recent progress. Next, we highlight local secretary factors, such as Wnt, Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), and dissect their roles and interactions in maintaining cell function and phenotype in different zones. Lastly, we discuss future research topics that can further our understanding of this unique tissue. Given the unmet need to engineer the growth plate, we also discuss the potential of creating particular patterns of soluble factors and generating them in vitro.
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Serra R. New and Unexpected Roles for Primary Cilia in Coordinating Response to Mechanical Load in Articular and Growth Plate Cartilages. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1079-1080. [PMID: 35451172 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Serra
- Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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