1
|
Akay-Espinoza C, Newton SEB, Dombroski BA, Kallianpur A, Bharti A, Franklin DR, Schellenberg GD, Heaton RK, Grant I, Ellis RJ, Letendre SL, Jordan-Sciutto KL. Genetic Variations in EIF2AK3 are Associated with Neurocognitive Impairment in People Living with HIV. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:25. [PMID: 38789639 PMCID: PMC11126443 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Based on emerging evidence on the role for specific single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in EIF2AK3 encoding the integrated stress response kinase PERK, in neurodegeneration, we assessed the association of EIF2AK3 SNVs with neurocognitive performance in people with HIV (PWH) using a candidate gene approach. This retrospective study included the CHARTER cohort participants, excluding those with severe neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Genome-wide data previously obtained for 1047 participants and targeted sequencing of 992 participants with available genomic DNA were utilized to interrogate the association of three noncoding and three coding EIF2AK3 SNVs with the continuous global deficit score (GDS) and global neurocognitive impairment (NCI; GDS ≥ 0.5) using univariable and multivariable methods, with demographic, disease-associated, and treatment characteristics as covariates. The cohort characteristics were as follows: median age, 43.1 years; females, 22.8%; European ancestry, 41%; median CD4 + T cell counts, 175/µL (nadir) and 428/µL (current). At first assessment, 70.5% used ART and 68.3% of these had plasma HIV RNA levels ≤ 200 copies/mL. All three noncoding EIF2AK3 SNVs were associated with GDS and NCI (all p < 0.05). Additionally, 30.9%, 30.9%, and 41.2% of participants had at least one risk allele for the coding SNVs rs1805165 (G), rs867529 (G), and rs13045 (A), respectively. Homozygosity for all three coding SNVs was associated with significantly worse GDS (p < 0.001) and more NCI (p < 0.001). By multivariable analysis, the rs13045 A risk allele, current ART use, and Beck Depression Inventory-II value > 13 were independently associated with GDS and NCI (p < 0.001) whereas the other two coding SNVs did not significantly correlate with GDS or NCI after including rs13045 in the model. The coding EIF2AK3 SNVs were associated with worse performance in executive functioning, motor functioning, learning, and verbal fluency. Coding and non-coding SNVs of EIF2AK3 were associated with global NC and domain-specific performance. The effects were small-to-medium in size but present in multivariable analyses, raising the possibility of specific SNVs in EIF2AK3 as an important component of genetic vulnerability to neurocognitive complications in PWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Akay-Espinoza
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St, Rm 312 Levy, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah E B Newton
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St, Rm 312 Levy, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Beth A Dombroski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Asha Kallianpur
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ajay Bharti
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald R Franklin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert K Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Igor Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott L Letendre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelly L Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St, Rm 312 Levy, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iyer S, Adams DJ. Bone and the Unfolded Protein Response: In Sickness and in Health. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:96-109. [PMID: 37243756 PMCID: PMC10326125 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation and optimal function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are contingent on synthesis and maintenance of a healthy proteome. Impaired and/or altered secretory capacity of these skeletal cells is a primary driver of most skeletal diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) orchestrates the folding and maturation of membrane as well as secreted proteins at high rates within a calcium rich and oxidative organellar niche. Three ER membrane proteins monitor fidelity of protein processing in the ER and initiate an intricate signaling cascade known as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) to remediate accumulation of misfolded proteins in its lumen, a condition referred to as ER stress. The UPR aids in fine-tuning, expanding and/or modifying the cellular proteome, especially in specialized secretory cells, to match everchanging physiologic cues and metabolic demands. Sustained activation of the UPR due to chronic ER stress, however, is known to hasten cell death and drive pathophysiology of several diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that ER stress and an aberrant UPR may contribute to poor skeletal health and the development of osteoporosis. Small molecule therapeutics that target distinct components of the UPR may therefore have implications for developing novel treatment modalities relevant to the skeleton. This review summarizes the complexity of UPR actions in bone cells in the context of skeletal physiology and osteoporotic bone loss, and highlights the need for future mechanistic studies to develop novel UPR therapeutics that mitigate adverse skeletal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Iyer
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Mailstop:8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Douglas J Adams
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Mailstop:8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haddadi S, Jordan-Sciutto KL, Akay-Espinoza C, Grelotti D, Letendre SL, Tang B, Ellis RJ. PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) Haplotypes Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in People with HIV. JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 10:07. [PMID: 37206541 PMCID: PMC10194542 DOI: 10.13188/2332-3469.1000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Depression is a debilitating and difficult-to-treat condition in people with HIV (PWH) despite viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Depression is associated with activation of the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway, which regulates protein synthesis in response to metabolic stress. We evaluated common PERK haplotypes that influence PERK expression in relation to depressed mood in PWH. Methods PWH from 6 research centers were enrolled in the study. Genotyping was conducted using targeted sequencing with TaqMan. The major PERK haplotypes A, B, and D were identified. Depressive symptom severity was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Covariates including genetically-defined ancestry, demographics, HIV disease/treatment parameters and antidepressant treatments were assessed. Data were analyzed using multivariable regression models. Results A total of 287 PWH with a mean (SD) age of 57.1±7.8 years were enrolled. Although the largest ethnic group was non-Hispanic white (n=129, 45.3%), African-American (n=124, 43.5%) and Hispanic (n=30, 10.5%) made up over half the sample. 20.3% were female and 96.5% were virally suppressed. Mean BDI-II was 9.6±9.5, and 28.9% scored above the cutoff for mild depression (BDI-II>13). PERK haplotype frequencies were AA57.8%, AB25.8%, AD 10.1%, and BB4.88%. PERK haplotypes were differentially represented according to genetic ancestry (p=6.84e-6). BDI-II scores were significantly higher in participants with the AB haplotype (F=4.45, p=0.0007).This finding was robust to consideration of potential confounds. Conclusion PERK haplotypes were associated with depressed mood in PWH.Consequently, pharmacological targeting of PERK-related pathways might amelioratedepression in PWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Haddadi
- Warren College, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - K L Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - C Akay-Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D Grelotti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - S L Letendre
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - B Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - R J Ellis
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park G, Xu K, Chea L, Kim K, Safarta L, Song KH, Wu J, Park S, Min H, Hiramatsu N, Han J, Lin JH. Neurodegeneration risk factor, EIF2AK3 (PERK), influences tau protein aggregation. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102821. [PMID: 36563857 PMCID: PMC9852698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases caused by pathologic misfolded tau protein aggregation in the nervous system. Population studies implicate EIF2AK3 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3), better known as PERK (protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), as a genetic risk factor in several tauopathies. PERK is a key regulator of intracellular proteostatic mechanisms-unfolded protein response and integrated stress response. Previous studies found that tauopathy-associated PERK variants encoded functional hypomorphs with reduced signaling in vitro. But, it remained unclear how altered PERK activity led to tauopathy. Here, we chemically or genetically modulated PERK signaling in cell culture models of tau aggregation and found that PERK pathway activation prevented tau aggregation, whereas inhibition exacerbated tau aggregation. In primary tauopathy patient brain tissues, we found that reduced PERK signaling correlated with increased tau neuropathology. We found that tauopathy-associated PERK variants targeted the endoplasmic reticulum luminal domain; and two of these variants damaged hydrogen bond formation. Our studies support that PERK activity protects against tau aggregation and pathology. This may explain why people carrying hypomorphic PERK variants have increased risk for developing tauopathies. Finally, our studies identify small-molecule augmentation of PERK signaling as an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat tauopathies by preventing tau pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goonho Park
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA,VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Leon Chea
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA,VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Kyle Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA,VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Lance Safarta
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Keon-Hyoung Song
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA,VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Soyoung Park
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Min
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan H. Lin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA,VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA,For correspondence: Jonathan H. Lin
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Liang X, Zhang H, Dong J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li C, Xin X, Li Y. ER Stress–Related Genes EIF2AK3, HSPA5, and DDIT3 Polymorphisms are Associated With Risk of Lung Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:938787. [PMID: 35923704 PMCID: PMC9341132 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.938787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–related genes EIF2AK3/PERK, HSPA5/GRP78, and DDIT3/CHOP polymorphisms and the risk of lung cancer. Methods: Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of EIF2AK3, HSPA5, and DDIT3 were genotyped in 620 cases and 620 controls using a MassARRAY platform. Results: The minor allele A of rs6750998 was a protective allele against the risk of lung cancer (p < 0.001), while the minor alleles of rs867529, rs391957, and rs697221 were all risk alleles that may lead to multiplied risk of the disease (rprs867529 = 0.002; prs391957 = 0.015; prs697221 < 0.001). Moreover, the rs6750998-TA/AA genotypes were protective genotypes against the risk of lung cancer (p = 0.005); however, the rs867529-GC/CC, rs391957-CC, and rs697221-GA/AA genotypes were associated with elevated lung cancer risk (prs867529 = 0.003, prs391957 = 0.028, and prs697221 = 0.0001). In addition, EIF2AK3-rs6750998 was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer under dominant, recessive, and log-additive models (p < 0.05). By contrast, the EIF2AK3-rs867529 was correlated with an increased risk of the disease under dominant and log-additive models (p = 0.001). Moreover, HSPA5-rs391957 was related to an elevated risk of the disease under recessive and log-additive models (p < 0.02). DDIT3-rs697221 was identified to have a significant association with the risk of lung cancer under all three genetic models (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our results provide new insights on the role of the ER stress–related genes EIF2AK3, HSPA5, and DDIT3 polymorphisms for lung cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongshi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongpei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiangbing Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangbing Xin, ; Yan Li,
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangbing Xin, ; Yan Li,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mallucci GR, Klenerman D, Rubinsztein DC. Developing Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights from Protein Aggregation and Cellular Stress Responses. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 36:165-189. [PMID: 33021824 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-040320-120625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As the world's population ages, neurodegenerative disorders are poised to become the commonest cause of death. Despite this, they remain essentially untreatable. Characterized pathologically both by the aggregation of disease-specific misfolded proteins and by changes in cellular stress responses, to date, therapeutic approaches have focused almost exclusively on reducing misfolded protein load-notably amyloid beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease. The repeated failure of clinical trials has led to despondency over the possibility that these disorders will ever be treated. We argue that this is in fact a time for optimism: Targeting various generic stress responses is emerging as an increasingly promising means of modifying disease progression across these disorders. New treatments are approaching clinical trials, while novel means of targeting aggregates could eventually act preventively in early disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna R Mallucci
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom; .,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - David Klenerman
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom; .,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom; .,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Smedley GD, Walker KE, Yuan SH. The Role of PERK in Understanding Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158146. [PMID: 34360909 PMCID: PMC8348817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are an ever-increasing problem for the rapidly aging population. Despite this, our understanding of how these neurodegenerative diseases develop and progress, is in most cases, rudimentary. Protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) comprises one of three unfolded protein response pathways in which cells attempt to manage cellular stress. However, because of its role in the cellular stress response and the far-reaching implications of this pathway, error within the PERK pathway has been shown to lead to a variety of pathologies. Genetic and clinical studies show a correlation between failure of the PERK pathway in neural cells and the development of neurodegeneration, but the wide array of methodology of these studies is presenting conflicting narratives about the role of PERK in these affected systems. Because of the connection between PERK and pathology, PERK has become a high value target of study for understanding neurodegenerative diseases and potentially how to treat them. Here, we present a review of the literature indexed in PubMed of the PERK pathway and some of the complexities involved in investigating the protein's role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases as well as how it may act as a target for therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Dalton Smedley
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (G.D.S.); (K.E.W.)
| | - Keenan E. Walker
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (G.D.S.); (K.E.W.)
| | - Shauna H. Yuan
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (G.D.S.); (K.E.W.)
- GRECC, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang BM, Li ZW, Wang ZY. PERK activator CCT020312 prevents inflammation-mediated osteoporosis in the ovariectomized rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:342-348. [PMID: 33480297 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1874904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of PERK activator CCT020312 (CCT) on inflammation-mediated osteoporosis (IMO) in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Rats were divided into Sham, IMO, IMO + 1 mg/kg CCT and IMO + 2 mg/kg CCT groups. IMO models were constructed by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) on 1st day followed by injection with magnesium silicate (Talc) on the 59th day. Sham rats did not undergo OVX surgery and were injected with saline instead of Talc. From 60th to 79th day, rats were treated with DMSO (vehicle control) in the Sham and IMO groups, and 1 or 2 mg/kg CCT020312 in treatment groups. Osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), and pro-inflammatory factors were measured on the 80th day. ProdigyDEXA was used to evaluate bone mineral density and content (BMD/BMC). Bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), connectivity density (Conn.D), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was assessed using 3D micro-CT scanner. RESULTS CCT up-regulated Conn.D, BV/TV, and Tb.N, but down-regulated Tb.Sp in IMO rats. Besides, the declined femoral BMD and BMC in IMO rats were elevated after CCT treatment. Besides, IMO rats represented declined OPN and OCN, as well as increased TRAP, CTX-I, and pro-inflammatory factors, whereas those in the treatment groups were ameliorated regarding these indexes, with 2 mg/kg CCT showing better effect. CONCLUSION PERK activator CCT020312 can be served as a new therapeutic option for the protection against bone loss in the OVX rat model associated with inflammation probably by manipulating inflammatory factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ming Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhao-Wei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Asgari Z, Ehsani A, Masoudi AA, Vaez Torshizi R. Bayes factors revealed selection signature for time to market body weight in chicken: a genome-wide association study using BayesCpi methodology. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1965920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Asgari
- Department of Animal Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ehsani
- Department of Animal Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bond S, Lopez-Lloreda C, Gannon PJ, Akay-Espinoza C, Jordan-Sciutto KL. The Integrated Stress Response and Phosphorylated Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α in Neurodegeneration. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:123-143. [PMID: 31913484 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The proposed molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative pathogenesis are varied, precluding the development of effective therapies for these increasingly prevalent disorders. One of the most consistent observations across neurodegenerative diseases is the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). eIF2α is a translation initiation factor, involved in cap-dependent protein translation, which when phosphorylated causes global translation attenuation. eIF2α phosphorylation is mediated by 4 kinases, which, together with their downstream signaling cascades, constitute the integrated stress response (ISR). While the ISR is activated by stresses commonly observed in neurodegeneration, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, it is a canonically adaptive signaling cascade. However, chronic activation of the ISR can contribute to neurodegenerative phenotypes such as neuronal death, memory impairments, and protein aggregation via apoptotic induction and other maladaptive outcomes downstream of phospho-eIF2α-mediated translation inhibition, including neuroinflammation and altered amyloidogenic processing, plausibly in a feed-forward manner. This review examines evidence that dysregulated eIF2a phosphorylation acts as a driver of neurodegeneration, including a survey of observations of ISR signaling in human disease, inspection of the overlap between ISR signaling and neurodegenerative phenomenon, and assessment of recent encouraging findings ameliorating neurodegeneration using developing pharmacological agents which target the ISR. In doing so, gaps in the field, including crosstalk of the ISR kinases and consideration of ISR signaling in nonneuronal central nervous system cell types, are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bond
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (SB); Department of Neuroscience (CL-L); Department of Pharmacology (PG), Perelman School of Medicine; Department of Basic and Translational Sciences (CA-E); and Department of Basic and Translational Sciences (KLJ-S), School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudia Lopez-Lloreda
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (SB); Department of Neuroscience (CL-L); Department of Pharmacology (PG), Perelman School of Medicine; Department of Basic and Translational Sciences (CA-E); and Department of Basic and Translational Sciences (KLJ-S), School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick J Gannon
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (SB); Department of Neuroscience (CL-L); Department of Pharmacology (PG), Perelman School of Medicine; Department of Basic and Translational Sciences (CA-E); and Department of Basic and Translational Sciences (KLJ-S), School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cagla Akay-Espinoza
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (SB); Department of Neuroscience (CL-L); Department of Pharmacology (PG), Perelman School of Medicine; Department of Basic and Translational Sciences (CA-E); and Department of Basic and Translational Sciences (KLJ-S), School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly L Jordan-Sciutto
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (SB); Department of Neuroscience (CL-L); Department of Pharmacology (PG), Perelman School of Medicine; Department of Basic and Translational Sciences (CA-E); and Department of Basic and Translational Sciences (KLJ-S), School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bocai NI, Marcora MS, Belfiori-Carrasco LF, Morelli L, Castaño EM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Tauopathies: Contrasting Human Brain Pathology with Cellular and Animal Models. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:439-458. [PMID: 30775999 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation and spreading of protein tau in the human brain are major features of neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. In addition to several subcellular abnormalities, tau aggregation within neurons seems capable of triggering endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the consequent unfolded protein response (UPR). In metazoans, full activation of a complex ER-UPR network may restore proteostasis and ER function or, if stress cannot be solved, commit cells to apoptosis. Due to these alternative outcomes (survival or death), the pharmacological manipulation of ER-UPR has become the focus of potential therapies in many human diseases, including tauopathies. Here we update and analyze the experimental data from human brain, cellular, and animal models linking tau accumulation and ER-UPR. We further discuss mechanistic aspects and put the ER-UPR into perspective as a possible therapeutic target in this group of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia I Bocai
- Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Marcora
- Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lautaro F Belfiori-Carrasco
- Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo M Castaño
- Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shoraka HR, Haghdoost AA, Baneshi MR, Bagherinezhad Z, Zolala F. Global prevalence of classic phenylketonuria based on Neonatal Screening Program Data: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pediatr 2020; 63:34-43. [PMID: 32024337 PMCID: PMC7029670 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2019.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria is a disease caused by congenital defects in phenylalanine metabolism that leads to irreversible nerve cell damage. However, its detection in the early days of life can reduce its severity. Thus, many countries have started disease screening programs for neonates. The present study aimed to determine the worldwide prevalence of classic phenylketonuria using the data of neonatal screening studies. The PubMed, Web of Sciences, Sciences Direct, ProQuest, and Scopus databases were searched for related articles. Article quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Evaluation Checklist. A random effect was used to calculate the pooled prevalence, and a phenylketonuria prevalence per 100,000 neonates was reported. A total of 53 studies with 119,152,905 participants conducted in 1964-2017 were included in this systematic review. The highest prevalence (38.13) was reported in Turkey, while the lowest (0.3) in Thailand. A total of 46 studies were entered into the meta-analysis for pooled prevalence estimation. The overall worldwide prevalence of the disease is 6.002 per 100,000 neonates (95% confidence interval, 5.07-6.93). The metaregression test showed high heterogeneity in the worldwide disease prevalence (I2=99%). Heterogeneity in the worldwide prevalence of phenylketonuria is high, possibly due to differences in factors affecting the disease, such as consanguineous marriages and genetic reserves in different countries, study performance, diagnostic tests, cutoff points, and sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Shoraka
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Baneshi
- Modeling in health research center, Institute for futures studies in health, Kerman University of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zohre Bagherinezhad
- Department of Medical Library and Information Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Zolala
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Su L, Chen S, Zheng C, Wei H, Song X. Meta-Analysis of Gene Expression and Identification of Biological Regulatory Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:633. [PMID: 31333395 PMCID: PMC6616202 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as senile dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of AD have not yet been elucidated. We examined common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from different AD tissue microarray datasets by meta-analysis and screened the AD-associated genes from the common DEGs using GCBI. Then we studied the gene expression network using the STRING database and identified the hub genes using Cytoscape. Furthermore, we analyzed the microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the AD-associated genes, and then identified feed-forward loops. Finally, we performed SNP analysis of the AD-associated genes. Our results identified 207 common DEGs, of which 57 have previously been reported to be associated with AD. The common DEG expression network identified eight hub genes, all of which were previously known to be associated with AD. Further study of the regulatory miRNAs associated with the AD-associated genes and other genes specific to neurodegenerative diseases revealed 65 AD-associated miRNAs. Analysis of the miRNA associated transcription factor-miRNA-gene-gene associated TF (mTF-miRNA-gene-gTF) network around the AD-associated genes revealed 131 feed-forward loops (FFLs). Among them, one important FFL was found between the gene SERPINA3, hsa-miR-27a, and the transcription factor MYC. Furthermore, SNP analysis of the AD-associated genes identified 173 SNPs, and also found a role in AD for miRNAs specific to other neurodegenerative diseases, including hsa-miR-34c, hsa-miR-212, hsa-miR-34a, and hsa-miR-7. The regulatory network constructed in this study describes the mechanism of cell regulation in AD, in which miRNAs and lncRNAs can be considered AD regulatory factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lining Su
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Sufen Chen
- Institute of Educational Science, Zhangjiakou, China
| | | | - Huiping Wei
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yuan SH, Hiramatsu N, Liu Q, Sun XV, Lenh D, Chan P, Chiang K, Koo EH, Kao AW, Litvan I, Lin JH. Tauopathy-associated PERK alleles are functional hypomorphs that increase neuronal vulnerability to ER stress. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:3951-3963. [PMID: 30137327 PMCID: PMC6216228 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by tau protein pathology in the nervous system. EIF2AK3 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3), also known as PERK (protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), was identified by genome-wide association study as a genetic risk factor in several tauopathies. PERK is a key regulator of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), an intracellular signal transduction mechanism that protects cells from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. PERK variants had previously been identified in Wolcott-Rallison Syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, and these variants completely abrogated the function of PERK's kinase domain or prevented PERK expression. In contrast, the PERK tauopathy risk variants were distinct from the Wolcott-Rallison variants and introduced missense alterations throughout the PERK protein. The function of PERK tauopathy variants and their effects on neurodegeneration are unknown. Here, we discovered that tauopathy-associated PERK alleles showed reduced signaling activity and increased PERK protein turnover compared to protective PERK alleles. We found that iPSC-derived neurons carrying PERK risk alleles were highly vulnerable to ER stress-induced injury with increased tau pathology. We found that chemical inhibition of PERK in human iPSC-derived neurons also increased neuronal cell death in response to ER stress. Our results indicate that tauopathy-associated PERK alleles are functional hypomorphs during the UPR. We propose that reduced PERK function leads to neurodegeneration by increasing neuronal vulnerability to ER stress-associated damage. In this view, therapies to enhance PERK signaling would benefit at-risk carriers of hypomorphic alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shauna H Yuan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xuehan Victoria Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David Lenh
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Priscilla Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karen Chiang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Edward H Koo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Aimee W Kao
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang X, Salimi S, Deng Z, Perry J, Ryan KA, Li Z, Liu D, Streeten E, Shuldiner AR, Fu M. Evaluation of WISP1 as a candidate gene for bone mineral density in the Old Order Amish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7141. [PMID: 29739999 PMCID: PMC5940677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1) is a novel target of the Wnt pathway for modulating osteogenesis and improving bone strength. However, it is not clear if genetic variants in the WISP1 region are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in human. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of genetic variation in WISP1 gene as a determinant of BMD in 1,510 Old Order Amish (OOA). We performed regional association analysis of 58 tag variants within 5 kb upstream and downstream to WISP1 with BMD and found 5 variants that were associated with BMD at multiple skeletal sites (P values from 2.89 × 10−6 to 1.62 × 10−2), with some significant associations even after adjustment for multiple comparisons. To replicate these results in an independent dataset, we performed a look-up of BMD associations with these variants in European ancestry subjects from the large GEFOS Consortium and observed the nominal associations of two of these variants with BMD (P values: 0.031 to 0.048). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that genetic variants surrounding WISP1 are associated with BMD at multiple skeletal sites in the OOA, thus influencing osteoporosis risk. These results support a role for the WISP1 gene on influencing variation in BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Shabnam Salimi
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Zhongliang Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - James Perry
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Zhizhen Li
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Dongfang Liu
- The Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Elizabeth Streeten
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mao Fu
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Halliday M, Hughes D, Mallucci GR. Fine-tuning PERK signaling for neuroprotection. J Neurochem 2017; 142:812-826. [PMID: 28643372 PMCID: PMC5601187 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein translation and folding are tightly controlled processes in all cells, by proteostasis, an important component of which is the unfolded protein response (UPR). During periods of endoplasmic reticulum stress because of protein misfolding, the UPR activates a coordinated response in which the PERK branch activation restricts translation, while a variety of genes involved with protein folding, degradation, chaperone expression and stress responses are induced through signaling of the other branches. Chronic overactivation of the UPR, particularly the PERK branch, is observed in the brains of patients in a number of protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases and the tauopathies. Recently, numerous genetic and pharmacological studies in mice have demonstrated the effectiveness of inhibiting the UPR for eliciting therapeutic benefit and boosting memory. In particular, fine-tuning the level of PERK inhibition to provide neuroprotection without adverse side effects has emerged as a safe, effective approach. This includes the recent discovery of licensed drugs that can now be repurposed in clinical trials for new human treatments for dementia. This review provides an overview of the links between UPR overactivation and neurodegeneration in protein misfolding disorders. It discusses recent therapeutic approaches targeting this pathway, with a focus on treatments that fine-tune PERK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna R. Mallucci
- MRC Toxicology UnitLeicesterUK
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of CambridgeIsland Research BuildingCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jovanovich A, Isakova T, Block G, Stubbs J, Smits G, Chonchol M, Miyazaki M. Deoxycholic Acid, a Metabolite of Circulating Bile Acids, and Coronary Artery Vascular Calcification in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 71:27-34. [PMID: 28801122 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Deoxycholic acid, a metabolite of circulating bile acids, is elevated in CKD and induces vascular mineralization and osteogenic differentiation in animal models. STUDY DESIGN Cohort analysis of clinical trial participants. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 112 patients with moderate to severe CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 20-45mL/min/1.73m2) who participated in a randomized controlled study to examine the effects of phosphate binders on vascular calcification. PREDICTOR Serum deoxycholic acid concentration. OUTCOMES Baseline coronary artery calcification (CAC) volume score and bone mineral density (BMD) and change in CAC volume score and BMD after 9 months. MEASUREMENTS Deoxycholic acid was assayed in stored baseline serum samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, CAC was measured using a GE-Imitron C150 scanner, and BMD was determined using computed tomographic scans of the abdomen with calibrated phantom of known density. RESULTS Higher serum deoxycholic acid concentrations were significantly correlated with greater baseline CAC volume and lower baseline BMD. After adjusting for demographics, coexisting illness, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and concentrations of circulating markers of mineral metabolism, including serum calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23, a serum deoxycholic acid concentration > 58ng/mL (the median) was positively associated with baseline CAC volume (β=0.71; 95% CI, 0.26-1.16; P=0.003) and negatively associated with baseline BMD (β = -20.3; 95% CI, -1.5 to -39.1; P=0.04). Serum deoxycholic acid concentration > 58ng/mL was not significantly associated with change in CAC volume score after 9 months (β=0.06; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.21; P=0.4). The analysis for the relationship between baseline deoxycholic acid concentrations and change in BMD after 9 months was not statistically significant, but was underpowered. LIMITATIONS The use of nonfasting serum samples is a limitation because deoxycholic acid concentrations may vary based on time of day and dietary intake. Few trial participants with complete data to evaluate the change in CAC volume score (n=75) and BMD (n=59). No data for changes in deoxycholic acid concentrations over time. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with moderate to severe CKD, higher serum deoxycholic acid concentrations were independently associated with greater baseline CAC volume score and lower baseline BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jovanovich
- Renal Section, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO; Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
| | - Tamara Isakova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Jason Stubbs
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Gerard Smits
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Obeidat M, Nie Y, Chen V, Shannon CP, Andiappan AK, Lee B, Rotzschke O, Castaldi PJ, Hersh CP, Fishbane N, Ng RT, McManus B, Miller BE, Rennard S, Paré PD, Sin DD. Network-based analysis reveals novel gene signatures in peripheral blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2017; 18:72. [PMID: 28438154 PMCID: PMC5404332 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the third leading cause of death and there is a huge unmet clinical need to identify disease biomarkers in peripheral blood. Compared to gene level differential expression approaches to identify gene signatures, network analyses provide a biologically intuitive approach which leverages the co-expression patterns in the transcriptome to identify modules of co-expressed genes. METHODS A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to peripheral blood transcriptome from 238 COPD subjects to discover co-expressed gene modules. We then determined the relationship between these modules and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). In a second, independent cohort of 381 subjects, we determined the preservation of these modules and their relationship with FEV1. For those modules that were significantly related to FEV1, we determined the biological processes as well as the blood cell-specific gene expression that were over-represented using additional external datasets. RESULTS Using WGCNA, we identified 17 modules of co-expressed genes in the discovery cohort. Three of these modules were significantly correlated with FEV1 (FDR < 0.1). In the replication cohort, these modules were highly preserved and their FEV1 associations were reproducible (P < 0.05). Two of the three modules were negatively related to FEV1 and were enriched in IL8 and IL10 pathways and correlated with neutrophil-specific gene expression. The positively related module, on the other hand, was enriched in DNA transcription and translation and was strongly correlated to CD4+, CD8+ T cell-specific gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Network based approaches are promising tools to identify potential biomarkers for COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION The ECLIPSE study was funded by GlaxoSmithKline, under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00292552 and GSK No. SCO104960.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ma'en Obeidat
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Yunlong Nie
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Virginia Chen
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Casey P Shannon
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Nick Fishbane
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Raymond T Ng
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bruce McManus
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Stephen Rennard
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Clinical Discovery Unit, Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter D Paré
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Horiuchi K, Tohmonda T, Morioka H. The unfolded protein response in skeletal development and homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2851-69. [PMID: 27002737 PMCID: PMC11108572 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts and chondrocytes produce a large number of extracellular matrix proteins to generate and maintain the skeletal system. To cope with their functions as secretory cells, these cells must acquire a considerable capacity for protein synthesis and also the machinery for the quality-control and transport of newly synthesized secreted proteins. The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a crucial role during the differentiation of these cells to achieve this goal. Unexpectedly, however, studies in the past several years have revealed that the UPR has more extensive functions in skeletal development than was initially assumed, and the UPR critically orchestrates many facets of skeletal development and homeostasis. This review focuses on recent findings on the functions of the UPR in the differentiation of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts. These findings may have a substantial impact on our understanding of bone metabolism and also on establishing treatments for congenital and acquired skeletal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Anti-aging Orthopedic Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Takahide Tohmonda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Anti-aging Orthopedic Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideo Morioka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Smith HL, Mallucci GR. The unfolded protein response: mechanisms and therapy of neurodegeneration. Brain 2016; 139:2113-21. [PMID: 27190028 PMCID: PMC4958893 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the unfolded protein response is emerging as a common theme in protein-misfolding neurodegenerative diseases, with relevant markers observed in patient tissue and mouse models. Genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the pathway in several mouse models has shown that this is not a passive consequence of the neurodegeneration process. Rather, overactivation of the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK, encoded by EIF2AK3) branch of the unfolded protein response directly contributes to disease pathogenesis through the critical reduction in neuronal protein synthesis rates, essential for learning and memory and for neuronal survival. The pharmacological inhibition of this process in these models is strikingly neuroprotective, resulting in the discovery of the first small molecule preventing neurodegeneration and clinical disease in vivo. This now represents a potential generic approach for boosting memory and preventing neurodegeneration across the spectrum of these disorders, albeit with some exceptions, independent of disease-specific proteins. Targeting the unfolded protein response, and particularly PERK-branch mediated translational failure is thus an increasingly compelling strategy for new treatments for dementia and neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovanna R Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dias RP, Buchanan CR, Thomas N, Lim S, Solanki G, Connor SEJ, Barrett TG, Kapoor RR. Os odontoideum in wolcott-rallison syndrome: a case series of 4 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:14. [PMID: 26860746 PMCID: PMC4748609 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolcott-Rallison Syndrome is the commonest cause of neonatal diabetes in consanguineous families. It is associated with liver dysfunction, epiphyseal dysplasia, and developmental delay. It is caused by mutations in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-α kinase 3 (EIF2AK3). We report 4 children with WRS and Os Odontoideum resulting in significant neurological compromise. This cervical spine abnormality has not previously been described in this syndrome. This additional evidence broadens the clinical spectrum of this syndrome and confirms the role of EIF2AK3 in skeletal development. Furthermore, Os Odontoideum needs to be actively screened for in WRS patients to prevent neurological and respiratory compromise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Dias
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - C R Buchanan
- Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - N Thomas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kings College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - S Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, St John's Hospital, Chelmsford, Essex, CM2 9BG, USA
| | - G Solanki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - S E J Connor
- Department of Neuroradiology, Kings College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - T G Barrett
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK.,Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (West), School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - R R Kapoor
- Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Halliday M, Mallucci GR. Review: Modulating the unfolded protein response to prevent neurodegeneration and enhance memory. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 41:414-27. [PMID: 25556298 PMCID: PMC5053297 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has placed the unfolded protein response (UPR) at the centre of pathological processes leading to neurodegenerative disease. The translational repression caused by UPR activation starves neurons of the essential proteins they need to function and survive. Restoration of protein synthesis, via genetic or pharmacological means, is neuroprotective in animal models, prolonging survival. This is of great interest due to the observation of UPR activation in the post mortem brains of patients with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, tauopathies and prion diseases. Protein synthesis is also an essential step in the formation of new memories. Restoring translation in disease or increasing protein synthesis from basal levels has been shown to improve memory in numerous models. As neurodegenerative diseases often present with memory impairments, targeting the UPR to both provide neuroprotection and enhance memory provides an extremely exciting novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Halliday
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Giovanna R Mallucci
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bell MC, Meier SE, Ingram AL, Abisambra JF. PERK-opathies: An Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mechanism Underlying Neurodegeneration. Curr Alzheimer Res 2016; 13:150-63. [PMID: 26679859 PMCID: PMC6542591 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666151218145431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a vital role in maintaining cell homeostasis as a consequence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, prolonged UPR activity leads to cell death. This time-dependent dual functionality of the UPR represents the adaptive and cytotoxic pathways that result from ER stress. Chronic UPR activation in systemic and neurodegenerative diseases has been identified as an early sign of cellular dyshomeostasis. The Protein Kinase R-like ER Kinase (PERK) pathway is one of three major branches in the UPR, and it is the only one to modulate protein synthesis as an adaptive response. The specific identification of prolonged PERK activity has been correlated with the progression of disorders such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, suggesting that PERK plays a role in the pathology of these disorders. For the first time, the term "PERK-opathies" is used to group these diseases in which PERK mediates detriment to the cell culminating in chronic disorders. This article reviews the literature documenting links between systemic disorders with the UPR, but with a specific emphasis on the PERK pathway. Then, articles reporting links between the UPR, and more specifically PERK, and neurodegenerative disorders are presented. Finally, a therapeutic perspective is discussed, where PERK interventions could be potential remedies for cellular dysfunction in chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jose F Abisambra
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0230, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a stress response of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to a disturbance in protein folding. The so-called ER stress sensors PERK, IRE1 and ATF6 play a central role in the initiation and regulation of the UPR. The accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins is a common characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. With the discovery of the basic machinery of the UPR, the idea was born that the UPR or part of its machinery could be involved in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prion disease. Over the last decade, the UPR has been addressed in an increasing number of studies on neurodegeneration. The involvement of the UPR has been investigated in human neuropathology across different neurological diseases, as well as in cell and mouse models for neurodegeneration. Studies using different disease models display discrepancies on the role and function of the UPR during neurodegeneration, which can often be attributed to differences in methodology. In this review, we will address the importance of investigation of human brain material for the interpretation of the role of the UPR in neurological diseases. We will discuss evidence for UPR activation in neurodegenerative diseases, and the methodology to study UPR activation and its connection to brain pathology will be addressed. More recently, the UPR is recognized as a target for drug therapy for treatment and prevention of neurodegeneration, by inhibiting the function of specific mediators of the UPR. Several preclinical studies have shown a proof-of-concept for this approach targeting the machinery of UPR, in particular the PERK pathway, in different models for neurodegeneration and have yielded paradoxical results. The promises held by these observations will need further support by clarification of the observed differences between disease models, as well as increased insight obtained from human neuropathology.
Collapse
|
25
|
Jin HS, Kim J, Park S, Park E, Kim BY, Choi VN, Yoo YH, Kim BT, Jeong SY. Association of the I264T variant in the sulfide quinone reductase-like (SQRDL) gene with osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135285. [PMID: 26258864 PMCID: PMC4530967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify novel susceptibility variants for osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women, we performed a genome-wide association analysis of 1180 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in 405 individuals with osteoporosis and 722 normal controls of the Korean Association Resource cohort. A logistic regression analysis revealed 72 nsSNPs that showed a significant association with osteoporosis (p<0.05). The top 10 nsSNPs showing the lowest p-values (p = 5.2×10-4-8.5×10-3) were further studied to investigate their effects at the protein level. Based on the results of an in silico prediction of the protein's functional effect based on amino acid alterations and a sequence conservation evaluation of the amino acid residues at the positions of the nsSNPs among orthologues, we selected one nsSNP in the SQRDL gene (rs1044032, SQRDL I264T) as a meaningful genetic variant associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. To assess whether the SQRDL I264T variant played a functional role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, we examined the in vitro effect of the nsSNP on bone remodeling. Overexpression of the SQRDL I264T variant in the preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, and the mRNA expression of osteoblastogenesis markers, Runx2, Sp7, and Bglap genes, whereas the SQRDL wild type had no effect or a negative effect on osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of the SQRDL I264T variant did not affect osteoclast differentiation of the primary-cultured monocytes. The known effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on bone remodeling may explain the findings of the current study, which demonstrated the functional role of the H2S-catalyzing enzyme SQRDL I264T variant in osteoblast differentiation. In conclusion, the results of the statistical and experimental analyses indicate that the SQRDL I264T nsSNP may be a significant susceptibility variant for osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women that is involved in osteoblast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health, Kyungwoon University, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkuk Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Division of Intractable Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Vit-Na Choi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom-Taeck Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mahdi AA, Rizvi SHM, Parveen A. Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Responses in Health and Diseases. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 31:127-37. [PMID: 27069320 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of protein synthesis, protein folding, maintainance of calcium homeostasis, synthesis of lipids and sterols. Genetic or environmental insults can alter its function generating ER stress. ER senses stress mainly by three stress sensor pathways, namely protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase-eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2α, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-X-box-binding protein 1 and activating transcription factor 6-CREBH, which induce unfolded protein responses (UPR) after the recognition of stress. Recent studies have demonstrated that ER stress and UPR signaling are involved in cancer, metabolic disorders, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise knowledge regarding involvement of ER stress in different disease processes is still debatable. Here we discuss the possible role of ER stress in various disorders on the basis of existing literature. An attempt has also been made to highlight the present knowledge of this field which may help to elucidate and conjure basic mechanisms and novel insights into disease processes which could assist in devising better future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 Uttar Pradesh India
| | | | - Arshiya Parveen
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mechanotransduction in musculoskeletal tissue regeneration: effects of fluid flow, loading, and cellular-molecular pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:863421. [PMID: 25215295 PMCID: PMC4151828 DOI: 10.1155/2014/863421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While mechanotransductive signal is proven essential for tissue regeneration, it is critical to determine specific cellular responses to such mechanical signals and the underlying mechanism. Dynamic fluid flow induced by mechanical loading has been shown to have the potential to regulate bone adaptation and mitigate bone loss. Mechanotransduction pathways are of great interests in elucidating how mechanical signals produce such observed effects, including reduced bone loss, increased bone formation, and osteogenic cell differentiation. The objective of this review is to develop a molecular understanding of the mechanotransduction processes in tissue regeneration, which may provide new insights into bone physiology. We discussed the potential for mechanical loading to induce dynamic bone fluid flow, regulation of bone adaptation, and optimization of stimulation parameters in various loading regimens. The potential for mechanical loading to regulate microcirculation is also discussed. Particularly, attention is allotted to the potential cellular and molecular pathways in response to loading, including osteocytes associated with Wnt signaling, elevation of marrow stem cells, and suppression of adipotic cells, as well as the roles of LRP5 and microRNA. These data and discussions highlight the complex yet highly coordinated process of mechanotransduction in bone tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
28
|
Oh-hashi K, Kanamori Y, Hirata Y, Kiuchi K. Characterization of V-ATPase inhibitor-induced secretion of cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:127-36. [PMID: 24687431 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2 (CRELD2), a novel ER stress-inducible factor, is a secretory glycoprotein; however, the stimuli that induce CRELD2 secretion have not yet been characterized. In this study, we found that the perturbation of intravesicular acidification of cytoplasmic organelles in HEK293 cells stably expressing wild-type (wt) CRELD2 induced its secretion. In particular, Concanamycin A (CMA) and Bafilomycin A1 (Baf), inhibitors of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), increased the secretion of CRELD2 without relying on its C-terminal structure. The levels of secretion of EGFP-fused CRELD2 (SP-EGFP-CRELD2), which consists of EGFP following the putative signal peptide (SP) sequence of CRELD2, from COS7 cells transiently transfected with this construct were also increased after each of the treatments, but their intracellular localization was barely affected by CMA treatment. Transient overexpression of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) also increased the secretion of CRELD2 from HEK293 cells expressing wt CRELD2, whereas the perturbation of intravesicular acidification did not alter the expression of GRP78 and PDI in the HEK293 cells. We further studied the roles of intracellular calcium ions and the Golgi apparatus in the secretion of CRELD2 from HEK293 cells in which intravesicular acidification was perturbed. The treatment with calcium ionophore increased the secretion of wt CRELD2, while that with BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelator, did not reduce the CMA-induced CRELD2 secretion. By contrast, treatment with brefeldin A (BFA), which inhibits the transportation of proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, almost completely abolished the secretion of wt CRELD2 from the HEK293 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the intravesicular acidification by V-ATPase regulates the secretion of CRELD2 without relying on the balance of intracellular calcium ions and the expression of ER chaperones such as GRP78 and PDI. These findings concerning the role of V-ATPases in modulating the secretion of CRELD2, a novel ER stress-inducible secretory factor, may provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of certain ER stress-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oh-hashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferrari R, Ryten M, Simone R, Trabzuni D, Nicolaou N, Nicolaou N, Hondhamuni G, Ramasamy A, Vandrovcova J, Weale ME, Lees AJ, Momeni P, Hardy J, de Silva R. Assessment of common variability and expression quantitative trait loci for genome-wide associations for progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1514.e1-12. [PMID: 24503276 PMCID: PMC4104112 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy is a rare parkinsonian disorder with characteristic neurofibrillary pathology consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Common variation defining the microtubule associated protein tau gene (MAPT) H1 haplotype strongly contributes to disease risk. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 3 novel risk loci on chromosomes 1, 2, and 3 that primarily implicate STX6, EIF2AK3, and MOBP, respectively. Genetic associations, however, rarely lead to direct identification of the relevant functional allele. More often, they are in linkage disequilibrium with the causative polymorphism(s) that could be a coding change or affect gene expression regulatory motifs. To identify any such changes, we sequenced all coding exons of those genes directly implicated by the associations in progressive supranuclear palsy cases and analyzed regional gene expression data from control brains to identify expression quantitative trait loci within 1 Mb of the risk loci. Although we did not find any coding variants underlying the associations, GWAS-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms at these loci are in complete linkage disequilibrium with haplotypes that completely overlap with the respective genes. Although implication of EIF2AK3 and MOBP could not be fully assessed, we show that the GWAS single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1411478 (STX6) is a strong expression quantitative trait locus with significantly lower expression of STX6 in white matter in carriers of the risk allele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roberto Simone
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Daniah Trabzuni
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nayia Nicolaou
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Naiya Nicolaou
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Geshanthi Hondhamuni
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Michael E Weale
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Lees
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Parastoo Momeni
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The unfolded protein response is activated in disease-affected brain regions in progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:31. [PMID: 24252572 PMCID: PMC3893579 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder pathologically characterized by intracellular tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein distributed throughout the neocortex, basal ganglia, and brainstem. A genome-wide association study identified EIF2AK3 as a risk factor for PSP. EIF2AK3 encodes PERK, part of the endoplasmic reticulum’s (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR). PERK is an ER membrane protein that senses unfolded protein accumulation within the ER lumen. Recently, several groups noted UPR activation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, and in the hippocampus and substantia nigra of PSP subjects. Here, we evaluate UPR PERK activation in the pons, medulla, midbrain, hippocampus, frontal cortex and cerebellum in subjects with PSP, AD, and in normal controls. Results We found UPR activation primarily in disease-affected brain regions in both disorders. In PSP, the UPR was primarily activated in the pons and medulla and to a much lesser extent in the hippocampus. In AD, the UPR was extensively activated in the hippocampus. We also observed UPR activation in the hippocampus of some elderly normal controls, severity of which positively correlated with both age and tau pathology but not with Aβ plaque burden. Finally, we evaluated EIF2AK3 coding variants that influence PERK activation. We show that a haplotype associated with increased PERK activation is genetically associated with increased PSP risk. Conclusions The UPR is activated in disease affected regions in PSP and the genetic evidence shows that this activation increases risk for PSP and is not a protective response.
Collapse
|
31
|
Styner M, Meyer MB, Galior K, Case N, Xie Z, Sen B, Thompson WR, Pike JW, Rubin J. Mechanical strain downregulates C/EBPβ in MSC and decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51613. [PMID: 23251594 PMCID: PMC3520924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise prevents marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adipogenesis, reversing trends that accompany aging and osteoporosis. Mechanical input, the in-vitro analogue to exercise, limits PPARγ expression and adipogenesis in MSC. We considered whether C/EBPβ might be mechanoresponsive as it is upstream to PPARγ, and also is known to upregulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. MSC (C3H10T1/2 pluripotent cells as well as mouse marrow-derived MSC) were cultured in adipogenic media and a daily mechanical strain regimen was applied. We demonstrate herein that mechanical strain represses C/EBPβ mRNA (0.6-fold ±0.07, p<0.05) and protein (0.4-fold ±0.1, p<0.01) in MSC. SiRNA silencing of β-catenin prevented mechanical repression of C/EBPβ. C/EBPβ overexpression did not override strain's inhibition of adipogenesis, which suggests that mechanical control of C/EBPβ is not the primary site at which adipogenesis is regulated. Mechanical inhibition of C/EBPβ, however, might be critical for further processes that regulate MSC health. Indeed, overexpression of C/EBPβ in MSC induced ER stress evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in the pro-apoptotic CHOP (protein 4-fold ±0.5, p<0.05) and a threshold reduction in the chaperone BiP (protein 0.6-fold ±0.1, p = 0.2; mRNA 0.3-fold ±0.1, p<0.01). ChIP-seq demonstrated a significant association between C/EBPβ and both CHOP and BiP genes. The strain regimen, in addition to decreasing C/EBPβ mRNA (0.5-fold ±0.09, p<0.05), expanded ER capacity as measured by an increase in BiP mRNA (2-fold ±0.2, p<0.05) and protein. Finally, ER stress induced by tunicamycin was ameliorated by mechanical strain as demonstrated by decreased C/EBPβ, increased BiP and decreased CHOP protein expression. Thus, C/EBPβ is a mechanically responsive transcription factor and its repression should counter increases in marrow fat as well as improve skeletal resistance to ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Osteoporosis regulation by salubrinal through eIF2α mediated differentiation of osteoclast and osteoblast. Cell Signal 2012. [PMID: 23178987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) was shown to induce osteoclast differentiation by increasing the expression of c-Fos, NFATc1 and TRAP. Salubrinal treatment to bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cells, however, significantly blocked NFATc1 expression and osteoclast differentiation by RANKL. Overexpression of NFATc1 further confirmed that NFATc1 is a key factor affected by salubrinal in osteoclast differentiation by RANKL. Unexpectedly, NFATc1 and c-Fos mRNA expressions were not affected by salubrinal, implicating that NFATc1 expression is regulated at a translational stage. In support of this, salubrinal increased the phosphorylation of a translation factor eIF2α, decreasing the global protein synthesis including NFATc1. In contrast, a phosphorylation mutant plasmid pLenti-eIF2α-S51A restored RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression and osteoclast differentiation even in the presence of salubrinal. Furthermore, knockdown of ATF4 significantly reduced salubrinal-induced osteoblast differentiation as evidenced by decreased calcium accumulation and lowered expressions of the osteoblast differentiation markers, alkaline phosphatase and RANKL in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Salubrinal treatment to co-cultured BMM and MC3T3-E1 cells also showed reduction of osteoclast differentiation. Finally, salubrinal efficiently blocked osteoporosis in mice model treated with RANKL as evidenced by elevated bone mineral density (BMD) and other osteoporosis factors. Collectively, our data indicate that salubrinal could affect the differentiation of both osteoblast and osteoclast, and be developed as an excellent anti-osteoporosis drug. In addition, modulation of ATF4 and NFATc1 expressions through eIF2α phosphorylation could be a valuable target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
|