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Ossoli A, Cetti F, Gomaraschi M. Air Pollution: Another Threat to HDL Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010317. [PMID: 36613760 PMCID: PMC9820244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated a positive association between exposure to air pollutants and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, with the strongest evidence for particles with a diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Therefore, air pollution has been included among the modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes as cardiovascular mortality, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Interestingly, the adverse effects of air pollution are more pronounced at higher levels of exposure but were also shown in countries with low levels of air pollution, indicating no apparent safe threshold. It is generally believed that exposure to air pollution in the long-term can accelerate atherosclerosis progression by promoting dyslipidemia, hypertension, and other metabolic disorders due to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Regarding high density lipoproteins (HDL), the impact of air pollution on plasma HDL-cholesterol levels is still debated, but there is accumulating evidence that HDL function can be impaired. In particular, the exposure to air pollution has been variably associated with a reduction in their cholesterol efflux capacity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, and ability to promote the release of nitric oxide. Further studies are needed to fully address the impact of various air pollutants on HDL functions and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for HDL dysfunction.
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Costa-Beber LC, Goettems-Fiorin PB, Dos Santos JB, Friske PT, Frizzo MN, Heck TG, Hirsch GE, Ludwig MS. Ovariectomy enhances female rats' susceptibility to metabolic, oxidative, and heat shock response effects induced by a high-fat diet and fine particulate matter. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111215. [PMID: 33340683 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and exposure to fine particulate matter (air pollutant PM2.5) are important risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. They are also related to early menopause. The reduction of 17β-estradiol (E2) levels during female climacteric, marked by menopause, is of significant concern because of its imminent influence on metabolism, redox and inflammatory status. This complex homeostasis-threatening scenario may induce a heat shock response (HSR) in cells, enhancing the expression of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70). A failure in this mechanism could predispose women to cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated if the climacteric could represent an additional risk among obese rats exposed to PM2.5 by worsening lipid, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters and HSP70 in cardiac tissue. We induced obesity in female Wistar rats using a high-fat diet (HFD) (58.3% as fats) and exposed them to 50 μL of saline 0.9% (control, n = 15) or 250 μg residual oil fly ash (ROFA, the inorganic portion of PM2.5) (polluted, n = 15) by intranasal instillation, 5 days/w for 12 weeks. At the 12th week, we subdivided these animals into four groups: control (n = 6), OVX (n = 9), polluted (n = 6) and polluted + OVX (n = 9). OVX and polluted + OVX were submitted to a bilateral ovariectomy (OVX), a surgical model for menopause, while control and polluted received a false surgery (sham). ROFA exposure and HFD consumption were continued for 12 additional weeks, after which the animals were euthanized. ROFA enhanced the susceptibility to ovariectomy-induced dyslipidemia, while ovariectomy predisposed female rats to the ROFA-induced decrease of cardiac iHSP70 expression. Ovariectomy also decreased the IL-6 levels and IL-6/IL-10 in obese animals, reinforcing a metabolic impairment and a failure to respond to unfavorable conditions. Our results support the hypothesis that obese ovariectomized animals are predisposed to a metabolic worsening under polluted conditions and are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems-Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaíne Borges Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Taís Friske
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000 - Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil; Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
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Holme SAN, Sigsgaard T, Holme JA, Holst GJ. Effects of particulate matter on atherosclerosis: a link via high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality? Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:36. [PMID: 32753036 PMCID: PMC7409402 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution has been associated with adverse effects on human health, and ultimately increased morbidity and mortality. This is predominantly due to hazardous effects on the cardiovascular system. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is considered to be responsible for the most severe effects. MAIN BODY Here we summarize current knowledge from existing epidemiological, clinical and animal studies on the influence of PM exposure on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and the potential initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. We highlight experimental studies that bring support to the causality and point to possible mechanistic links. Recent studies indicate that the functional properties of HDL are more important than the levels per se. Fine (PM2.5-0.1) and ultrafine (UFP) PM are composed of chemicals as well as biological elements that are redox-active and may trigger pro-inflammatory responses. Experimental studies indicate that these properties and responses may promote HDL dysfunction via oxidative pathways. By affecting protein and lipid components of the HDL particle, its anti-atherosclerotic characteristics including cholesterol efflux capacity, as well as other anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory features might be impaired. CONCLUSION Current literature suggests that PM promotes HDL dysfunction via oxidative pathways. However, as relatively few studies so far have evaluated the impact of particulate air pollution on HDL functionality, more human epidemiological as well as experimental studies are needed to strengthen any possible causal relationship and determine any relevance to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri A N Holme
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Research Unit of Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gitte Juel Holst
- Research Unit of Environment, Occupation and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Li J, Zhou C, Xu H, Brook RD, Liu S, Yi T, Wang Y, Feng B, Zhao M, Wang X, Zhao Q, Chen J, Song X, Wang T, Liu S, Zhang Y, Wu R, Gao J, Pan B, Pennathur S, Rajagopalan S, Huo Y, Zheng L, Huang W. Ambient Air Pollution Is Associated With HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Dysfunction in Healthy Adults. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:513-522. [PMID: 30700134 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective- We aimed to assess whether exposure to higher levels of ambient air pollution impairs HDL (high-density lipoprotein) function and to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms potentially involved. Approach and Results- In the Beijing AIRCHD study (Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Healthy Adults), 73 healthy adults (23.3±5.4 years) were followed-up with 4 repeated study visits in 2014 to 2016. During each visit, ambient air pollution concentrations, HDL function metrics, and parameters of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured. Average daily concentrations of ambient particulate matter in diameter <2.5 μm were 62.9 µg/m3 (8.1-331.0 µg/m3). We observed significant decreases in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity of 2.3% (95% CI, -4.3 to -0.3) to 5.0% (95% CI, -7.6 to -2.4) associated with interquartile range increases in moving average concentrations of particulate matter in diameter <2.5 μm and traffic-related air pollutants (black carbon, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide) during the 1 to 7 days before each participant's clinic visit. Higher ambient air pollutant levels were also associated with significant reductions in circulating HDL cholesterol and apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I), as well as elevations in HDL oxidation index, oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein), malondialdehyde, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Conclusions- Higher ambient air pollution concentrations were associated with impairments in HDL functionality, potentially because of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. These novel findings further our understanding of the mechanisms whereby air pollutants promote cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- From the Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing (J.L., S.L., T.Y., Y.H.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Changping Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing.,Institute of Systems Biomedicine (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine (H.X., B.F., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., W.H., J.C.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.D.B.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Shengcong Liu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing (J.L., S.L., T.Y., Y.H.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Tieci Yi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing (J.L., S.L., T.Y., Y.H.)
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Hospital of Health Science Center (Y.W.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Baihuan Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine (H.X., B.F., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., W.H., J.C.)
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing.,Institute of Systems Biomedicine (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing.,Institute of Systems Biomedicine (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine (H.X., B.F., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., W.H., J.C.)
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine (H.X., B.F., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., W.H., J.C.).,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (J.C.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.C.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine (H.X., B.F., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., W.H., J.C.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine (H.X., B.F., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., W.H., J.C.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine (H.X., B.F., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., W.H., J.C.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine (H.X., B.F., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., W.H., J.C.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine (H.X., B.F., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., W.H., J.C.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Jianing Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing.,Institute of Systems Biomedicine (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Bing Pan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing.,Institute of Systems Biomedicine (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | | | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Case Western Reserve Medical School, Cleveland OH (S.R.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Yong Huo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing (J.L., S.L., T.Y., Y.H.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Lemin Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing.,Institute of Systems Biomedicine (C.Z., M.Z., X.W., J.G., B.P., L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine (H.X., B.F., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., W.H., J.C.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center (J.L., C.Z., H.X., S.L., T.Y., B.F., M.Z., X.W., Q.Z., S.L., Y.Z., R.W., X.S., T.W., J.G., B.P., Y.H., L.Z., W.H.), Peking University, Beijing
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Bhetraratana M, Orozco LD, Hong J, Diamante G, Majid S, Bennett BJ, Ahn IS, Yang X, Lusis AJ, Araujo JA. Diesel exhaust particles dysregulate multiple immunological pathways in murine macrophages: Lessons from microarray and scRNA-seq technologies. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 678:108116. [PMID: 31568751 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter has been shown to promote a variety of disorders, including cardiovascular diseases predominantly of ischemic etiology. However, the mechanisms linking inhaled particulates with systemic vascular effects, resulting in worsened atherosclerosis, are not well defined. We assessed the potential role of macrophages in translating these effects by analyzing gene expression patterns in response to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) at the average cell level, using Affymetrix microarrays in peritoneal macrophages in culture (in vitro), and at the individual cell level, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in alveolar macrophages collected from exposed mice (in vivo). Peritoneal macrophages were harvested from C57BL/6J mice and treated with 25 μg/mL of a DEP methanol extract (DEPe). These cells exhibited significant (FDR < 0.05) differential expression of a large number of genes and enrichment in pathways, especially engaged in immune responses and antioxidant defense. DEPe led to marked upregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), the most significantly upregulated gene (FDR = 1.75E-06), and several other antioxidant genes. For the in vivo work, C57BL/6J mice were subjected to oropharyngeal aspiration of 200 μg of whole DEP. The gene expression profiles of the alveolar macrophages harvested from these mice were analyzed at the single-cell level using scRNA-seq, which showed significant dysregulation of a broad number of genes enriched in immune system pathways as well, but with a large heterogeneity in how individual alveolar macrophages responded to DEP exposures. Altogether, DEP pollutants dysregulated immunological pathways in macrophages that may mediate the development of pulmonary and systemic vascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Bhetraratana
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luz D Orozco
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Hong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sana Majid
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - In Sook Ahn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Dadzie EK, Ephraim RK, Afrifa J, Quaicoe R, Bediako BS, Duku BI, Adjetey T, Dadzie I. Persistent exposure to wood smoke is associated with variations in biochemical and hematological indices among regular wood burners in the Cape Coast metropolis, Ghana. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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7
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Organic chemicals from diesel exhaust particles affects intracellular calcium, inflammation and β-adrenoceptors in endothelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 302:18-27. [PMID: 30503853 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. DEP, extractable organic material from DEP (DEP-EOM) and certain PAHs seem to trigger [Ca2+]i increase as well as inflammation via GPCRs like βARs and PAR-2. In the present study we explored the involvement of βARs and PAR-2 in effects of DEP-EOM on [Ca2+]i and expression of inflammation-associated genes in the endothelial cell-line HMEC-1. We exposed the human microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC-1 to DEP-EOM fractionated by sequential extraction with solvents of increasing polarity: n-hexane (n-Hex-EOM), dichloromethane (DCM-EOM), methanol (Methanol-EOM) and water (Water-EOM). While Methanol-EOM and Water-EOM had no marked effects, n-Hex-EOM and DCM-EOM enhanced [Ca2+]i (2-3 times baseline) and expression of inflammation-associated genes (IL-1α, IL-1β, COX-2 and CXCL8; 2-15 times baseline) in HMEC-1. The expression of βARs (60-80% of baseline) and βAR-inhibitor carazolol suppressed the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by both n-Hex- and DCM-EOM. Carazolol as well as the Ca2+-channel inhibitor SKF-96365 reduced the DCM-EOM-induced pro-inflammatory gene-expression. Overexpression of βARs increased DCM-EOM-induced [Ca2+]i responses in HEK293 cells, while βAR-overexpression suppressed [Ca2+]i responses from n-Hex-EOM. Furthermore, the PAR-2-inhibitor ENMD-1068 attenuated [Ca2+]i responses to DCM-EOM, but not n-Hex-EOM in HMEC-1. The results suggest that βAR and PAR-2 are partially involved in effects of complex mixtures of chemicals extracted from DEP on calcium signalling and inflammation-associated genes in the HMEC-1 endothelial cell-line.
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8
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Diesel Exhaust Particles and the Induction of Macrophage Activation and Dysfunction. Inflammation 2017; 41:356-363. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bell G, Mora S, Greenland P, Tsai M, Gill E, Kaufman JD. Association of Air Pollution Exposures With High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Particle Number: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:976-982. [PMID: 28408373 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between air pollution and cardiovascular disease may be explained by changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). APPROACH AND RESULTS We examined the cross-sectional relationship between air pollution and both HDL cholesterol and HDL particle number in the MESA Air study (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Air Pollution). Study participants were 6654 white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese men and women aged 45 to 84 years. We estimated individual residential ambient fine particulate pollution exposure (PM2.5) and black carbon concentrations using a fine-scale likelihood-based spatiotemporal model and cohort-specific monitoring. Exposure periods were averaged to 12 months, 3 months, and 2 weeks prior to examination. HDL cholesterol and HDL particle number were measured in the year 2000 using the cholesterol oxidase method and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the relationship between air pollution exposure and HDL measures. A 0.7×10-6 m-1 higher exposure to black carbon (a marker of traffic-related pollution) averaged over a 1-year period was significantly associated with a lower HDL cholesterol (-1.68 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, -2.86 to -0.50) and approached significance with HDL particle number (-0.55 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, -1.13 to 0.03). In the 3-month averaging time period, a 5 μg/m3 higher PM2.5 was associated with lower HDL particle number (-0.64 μmol/L; 95% confidence interval, -1.01 to -0.26), but not HDL cholesterol (-0.05 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, -0.82 to 0.71). CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to air pollution is adversely associated with measures of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffith Bell
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.).
| | - Samia Mora
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.)
| | - Philip Greenland
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.)
| | - Michael Tsai
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.)
| | - Ed Gill
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.)
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (G.B., J.D.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.M.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (P.G.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.T.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (E.G., J.D.K.)
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10
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Lawal AO. Air particulate matter induced oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis: The role of Nrf2 and AhR-mediated pathways. Toxicol Lett 2017; 270:88-95. [PMID: 28189649 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Air particulate matter (PM) is an important component of air pollution, which has been reported to play important role in the adverse health effects of the latter. Extensive experimental data and epidemiological studies have shown that the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and atherosclerosis caused by air pollution are mainly due to the PM component. Implicated in these adverse health effects of PM, is their ability to induce oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory events in the vascular system. The association between the cardiovascular ischemic events and atherosclerosis induced by PM has been linked to the ultrafine and fine components. These particles have a high content of redox cyclic chemicals. This, together with their ability to combine with proatherogenic molecules enhanced tissue oxidative stress. Studies have shown that the oxidative stress induced by PM could up-regulates the expression of phase I and phase II metabolize enzymes. This up-regulation occurs by the activation of transcription factors (such as nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) -like 2-related factor (Nrf2) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)). This review will focus on data supporting the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in PM-induced cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis and the importance of Nrf2-and AhR- dependent regulatory pathways in the PM-induced cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem O Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria.
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11
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De Moura AC, Brito VB, Porawski M, Saffi J, Giovenardi M. Low maternal care is associated with increased oxidative stress in the brain of lactating rats. Brain Res 2017; 1655:17-22. [PMID: 27840190 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Maternal care is crucial for offspring development and licking/grooming patterns can be induced by sensorial, neuroendocrine, and metabolic variations in the CNS. Important brain functions, such as learning and memory, can be influenced by oxidative stress, which can also modulate pathophysiological processes (e.g., depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders). This study evaluated oxidative stress in the hippocampus (HP), olfactory bulb (OB), and plasma in Low-Licking (LL) and High-Licking (HL) lactating rats through superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, DNA damage (comet assay), and dihydrodichlorofluorescein (DCF) oxidation assay. Results demonstrate that in the HP of LL, the activities of SOD and CAT were increased compared to HL. In the OB, the activities of SOD and CAT were also increased in LL. The comet assay in the HP showed that LL had higher levels of basal damage and increased levels of DNA breaks than HL. In the OB, LL also had higher levels of DNA damage. In the plasma, no difference was observed in either SOD or CAT activities, but the DCF oxidation assay revealed that LL had higher levels of ROS production than HL. In conclusion, we observed that LL mothers showed evidence of increased oxidative stress when compared to HL, suggesting that variations in maternal behavior might be related to these biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina De Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Verônica Bidinotto Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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12
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Ramanathan G, Yin F, Speck M, Tseng CH, Brook JR, Silverman F, Urch B, Brook RD, Araujo JA. Effects of urban fine particulate matter and ozone on HDL functionality. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:26. [PMID: 27221567 PMCID: PMC4879751 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposures to ambient particulate matter (PM) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. PM2.5 (<2.5 μm) and ozone exposures have been shown to associate with carotid intima media thickness in humans. Animal studies support a causal relationship between air pollution and atherosclerosis and identified adverse PM effects on HDL functionality. We aimed to determine whether brief exposures to PM2.5 and/or ozone could induce effects on HDL anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity in humans. Methods Subjects were exposed to fine concentrated ambient fine particles (CAP) with PM2.5 targeted at 150 μg/m3, ozone targeted at 240 μg/m3(120 ppb), PM2.5 plus ozone targeted at similar concentrations, and filtered air (FA) for 2 h, on 4 different occasions, at least two weeks apart, in a randomized, crossover study. Blood was obtained before exposures (baseline), 1 h after and 20 h after exposures. Plasma HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity and paraoxonase activity were determined. HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity was assessed by a cell-free fluorescent assay and expressed in units of a HDL oxidant index (HOI). Changes in HOI (ΔHOI) were calculated as the difference in HOI from baseline to 1 h after or 20 h after exposures. Results There was a trend towards bigger ΔHOI between PM2.5 and FA 1 h after exposures (p = 0.18) but not 20 h after. This trend became significant (p <0.05) when baseline HOI was lower (<1.5 or <2.0), indicating decreased HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity shortly after the exposures. There were no significant effects of ozone alone or in combination with PM2.5 on the change in HOI at both time points. The change in HOI due to PM2.5 showed a positive trend with particle mass concentration (p = 0.078) and significantly associated with the slope of systolic blood pressure during exposures (p = 0.005). Conclusions Brief exposures to concentrated PM2.5 elicited swift effects on HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory functionality, which could indicate a potential mechanism for how particulate air pollution induces harmful cardiovascular effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0139-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajalakshmi Ramanathan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fen Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mary Speck
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Environment Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frances Silverman
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Urch
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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13
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Lawal A, Davids L, Marnewick J. Diesel exhaust particles and endothelial cells dysfunction: An update. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32:92-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Diethyl phthalate exposure is associated with embryonic toxicity, fatty liver changes, and hypolipidemia via impairment of lipoprotein functions. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:383-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Cao Y, Jantzen K, Gouveia ACD, Skovmand A, Roursgaard M, Loft S, Møller P. Automobile diesel exhaust particles induce lipid droplet formation in macrophages in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:164-171. [PMID: 26122084 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has been associated with adverse cardiopulmonary health effects, which may be related to dysregulation of lipid metabolism and formation of macrophage foam cells. In this study, THP-1 derived macrophages were exposed to an automobile generated DEP (A-DEP) for 24h to study lipid droplet formation and possible mechanisms. The results show that A-DEP did not induce cytotoxicity. The production of reactive oxygen species was only significantly increased after exposure for 3h, but not 24h. Intracellular level of reduced glutathione was increased after 24h exposure. These results combined indicate an adaptive response to oxidative stress. Exposure to A-DEP was associated with significantly increased formation of lipid droplets, as well as changes in lysosomal function, assessed as reduced LysoTracker staining. In conclusion, these results indicated that exposure to A-DEP may induce formation of lipid droplets in macrophages in vitro possibly via lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Kim Jantzen
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ana Cecilia Damiao Gouveia
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Astrid Skovmand
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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16
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Biancini GB, Moura DJ, Manini PR, Faverzani JL, Netto CBO, Deon M, Giugliani R, Saffi J, Vargas CR. DNA damage in Fabry patients: An investigation of oxidative damage and repair. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 784-785:31-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Lawal A, Zhang M, Dittmar M, Lulla A, Araujo JA. Heme oxygenase-1 protects endothelial cells from the toxicity of air pollutant chemicals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:281-291. [PMID: 25620054 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are a major component of diesel emissions, responsible for a large portion of their toxicity. In this study, we examined the toxic effects of DEPs on endothelial cells and the role of DEP-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) were treated with an organic extract of DEPs from an automobile engine (A-DEP) or a forklift engine (F-DEP) for 1 and 4h. ROS generation, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, expression of HO-1, inflammatory genes, cell adhesion molecules and unfolded protein respone (UPR) gene were assessed. HO-1 expression and/or activity were inhibited by siRNA or tin protoporphyrin (Sn PPIX) and enhanced by an expression plasmid or cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPPIX). Exposure to 25μg/ml of A-DEP and F-DEP significantly induced ROS production, cellular toxicity and greater levels of inflammatory and cellular adhesion molecules but to a different degree. Inhibition of HO-1 enzymatic activity with SnPPIX and silencing of the HO-1 gene by siRNA enhanced DEP-induced ROS production, further decreased cell viability and increased expression of inflammatory and cell adhesion molecules. On the other hand, overexpression of the HO-1 gene by a pcDNA 3.1D/V5-HO-1 plasmid significantly mitigated ROS production, increased cell survival and decreased the expression of inflammatory genes. HO-1 expression protected HMECs from DEP-induced prooxidative and proinflammatory effects. Modulation of HO-1 expression could potentially serve as a therapeutic target in an attempt to inhibit the cardiovascular effects of ambient PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem Lawal
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Michael Dittmar
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Aaron Lulla
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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18
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Breton CV, Yin F, Wang X, Avol E, Gilliland FD, Araujo JA. HDL anti-oxidant function associates with LDL level in young adults. Atherosclerosis 2014; 232:165-70. [PMID: 24401232 PMCID: PMC4039385 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to evaluate predictors of HDL anti-oxidant function in young adults. BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is considered a protective factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, increased levels are not always associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. A better understanding of the importance of HDL functionality and how it affects CVD risk is needed. METHODS Fifty non-Hispanic white subjects from the Testing Responses on Youth (TROY) study were randomly selected to investigate whether differences in HDL anti-oxidant function are associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), arterial stiffness and other inflammatory/metabolic parameters. HDL anti-oxidant capacity was evaluated by assessing its ability to inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol oxidation by air using a DCF-based fluorescent assay and expressed as a HDL oxidant index (HOI). The associations between HOI and other variables were assessed using both linear and logistic regression. RESULTS Eleven subjects (25%) had an HOI ≥ 1, indicating a pro-oxidant HDL. Age, LDL, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and paraoxonase activity (PON1), but not HDL, were all associated with HOI level in univariate linear regression models. In multivariate models that mutually adjusted for these variables, LDL remained the strongest predictor of HOI (0.13 increase in HOI per 1 SD increase in LDL, 95% CI 0.04, 0.22). Atherogenic index of plasma, pulse pressure, homocysteine, glucose, insulin, CIMT and measurements of arterial stiffness were not associated with HOI in this population. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest LDL, hsCRP and DBP might predict HDL anti-oxidant function at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Fen Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Ed Avol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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19
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Yin F, Lawal A, Ricks J, Fox JR, Larson T, Navab M, Fogelman AM, Rosenfeld ME, Araujo JA. Diesel exhaust induces systemic lipid peroxidation and development of dysfunctional pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory high-density lipoprotein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1153-61. [PMID: 23559632 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether exposure to air pollutants induces oxidative modifications of plasma lipoproteins, resulting in alteration of the protective capacities of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). APPROACH AND RESULTS We exposed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice to diesel exhaust (DE) at ≈ 250 µg/m(3) for 2 weeks, filtered air (FA) for 2 weeks, or DE for 2 weeks, followed by FA for 1 week (DE+FA). DE led to enhanced lipid peroxidation in the brochoalveolar lavage fluid that was accompanied by effects on HDL functionality. HDL antioxidant capacity was assessed by an assay that evaluated the ability of HDL to inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation estimated by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. HDL from DE-exposed mice exhibited 23,053 ± 2844 relative fluorescence units, higher than FA-exposed mice (10,282 ± 1135 relative fluorescence units, P<0.001) but similar to the HDL from DE+FA-exposed mice (22,448 ± 3115 relative fluorescence units). DE effects on HDL antioxidant capacity were negatively correlated with paraoxonase enzymatic activity, but positively correlated with levels of plasma 8-isoprostanes, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, liver malondialdehyde, and accompanied by perturbed HDL anti-inflammatory capacity and activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in the liver. CONCLUSIONS DE emissions induced systemic pro-oxidant effects that led to the development of dysfunctional HDL. This may be one of the mechanisms by which air pollution contributes to enhanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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