1
|
Baj J, Flieger W, Barbachowska A, Kowalska B, Flieger M, Forma A, Teresiński G, Portincasa P, Buszewicz G, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger J. Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14959. [PMID: 37834407 PMCID: PMC10573482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with unique functions in the body; it acts as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in energy metabolism, the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems, neurotransmitter production, and the regulation of reproductive hormones. However, overexposure to Mn is toxic, particularly to the central nervous system (CNS) due to it causing the progressive destruction of nerve cells. Exposure to manganese is widespread and occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. Associations have been observed between Mn accumulation and neurodegenerative diseases such as manganism, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. People with genetic diseases associated with a mutation in the gene associated with impaired Mn excretion, kidney disease, iron deficiency, or a vegetarian diet are at particular risk of excessive exposure to Mn. This review has collected data on the current knowledge of the source of Mn exposure, the experimental data supporting the dispersive accumulation of Mn in the brain, the controversies surrounding the reference values of biomarkers related to Mn status in different matrices, and the competitiveness of Mn with other metals, such as iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), calcium (Ca). The disturbed homeostasis of Mn in the body has been connected with susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases, fertility, and infectious diseases. The current evidence on the involvement of Mn in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance, osteoporosis, obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, was collected and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Aleksandra Barbachowska
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland;
| | - Beata Kowalska
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Flieger
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica A. Murri, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manganese-Induced Toxicity in C. elegans: What Can We Learn from the Transcriptome? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810748. [PMID: 36142660 PMCID: PMC9502620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential ubiquitous transition metal and, when occupationally or environmentally overexposed, a well-known risk factor for several neurological pathologies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Mn-induced neurotoxicity are largely unknown. In this study, addressing RNA-Seq analysis, bioavailability and survival assays, key pathways of transcriptional responses to Mn overexposure were investigated in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), providing insights into the Mn-induced cellular stress and damage response. Comparative transcriptome analyses identified a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in nematodes exposed to MnCl2, and functional annotation suggested oxidative nucleotide damage, unfolded protein response and innate immunity as major damage response pathways. Additionally, a time-dependent increase in the transcriptional response after MnCl2 exposure was identified by means of increased numbers of DEGs, indicating a time-dependent response and activation of the stress responses in Mn neurotoxicity. The data provided here represent a powerful transcriptomic resource in the field of Mn toxicity, and therefore, this study provides a useful basis for further planning of targeted mechanistic studies of Mn-induced neurotoxicity that are urgently needed in the face of increasing industrially caused environmental pollution with Mn.
Collapse
|
3
|
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in metal-induced neurological pathology. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 4:4-8. [PMID: 35975097 PMCID: PMC9377670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Although essential metal ions are required in the body, neurotoxicity occurs when exposed to a concentration of metal that the body cannot accommodate. In the case of non-essential metals which are important in industry, these elements have the property of causing neurotoxicity even at small concentrations. When such neurotoxicity progresses chronically, it can contribute to various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Therefore, research on the relationships between neurotoxicity and metal metabolism are being actively conducted, and some recent research has suggested that the mechanisms of metal-induced neurotoxicity critically involve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, this mini-review is to summarize some examples of such evidence and raise new questions in attempting to address metal-induced neurotoxicity with ER stress and mitochondria dysfunctions, two important topics for the effects of metals in neurodegenerative diseases. Taken together, to study the molecular programs of integrating ER stress with mitochondrial dysfunction should be an important area of future research for appreciating the mechanisms of as well as developing strategies and targets for metal-induced neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tinkov AA, Paoliello MMB, Mazilina AN, Skalny AV, Martins AC, Voskresenskaya ON, Aaseth J, Santamaria A, Notova SV, Tsatsakis A, Lee E, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Molecular Targets of Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Five-Year Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4646. [PMID: 33925013 PMCID: PMC8124173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the immediate mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is rapidly evolving. We seek to provide a summary of recent findings in the field, with an emphasis to clarify existing gaps and future research directions. We provide, here, a brief review of pertinent discoveries related to Mn-induced neurotoxicity research from the last five years. Significant progress was achieved in understanding the role of Mn transporters, such as SLC39A14, SLC39A8, and SLC30A10, in the regulation of systemic and brain manganese handling. Genetic analysis identified multiple metabolic pathways that could be considered as Mn neurotoxicity targets, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cell signaling pathways, and interference with neurotransmitter metabolism, to name a few. Recent findings have also demonstrated the impact of Mn exposure on transcriptional regulation of these pathways. There is a significant role of autophagy as a protective mechanism against cytotoxic Mn neurotoxicity, yet also a role for Mn to induce autophagic flux itself and autophagic dysfunction under conditions of decreased Mn bioavailability. This ambivalent role may be at the crossroad of mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Yet very recent evidence suggests Mn can have toxic impacts below the no observed adverse effect of Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The impact of Mn exposure on supramolecular complexes SNARE and NLRP3 inflammasome greatly contributes to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation, respectively. The aforementioned effects might be at least partially mediated by the impact of Mn on α-synuclein accumulation. In addition to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction, impaired neurotransmission is shown to be mediated by the effects of Mn on neurotransmitter systems and their complex interplay. Although multiple novel mechanisms have been highlighted, additional studies are required to identify the critical targets of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Monica M. B. Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Aksana N. Mazilina
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Elementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Olga N. Voskresenskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Svetlana V. Notova
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, 460018 Orenburg, Russia;
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Seo YA, Choi EK, Aring L, Paschall M, Iwase S. Transcriptome Analysis of the Cerebellum of Mice Fed a Manganese-Deficient Diet. Front Genet 2020; 11:558725. [PMID: 33408735 PMCID: PMC7780674 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.558725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), primarily acquired through diet, is required for brain function and development. Epidemiological studies have found an association between both low and high levels of Mn and impaired neurodevelopment in children. Recent genetic studies have revealed that patients with congenital Mn deficiency display severe psychomotor disability and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Although the impact of Mn on gene expression is beginning to be appreciated, Mn-dependent gene expression remains to be explored in vertebrate animals. The goal of this study was to use a mouse model to define the impact of a low-Mn diet on brain metal levels and gene expression. We interrogated gene expression changes in the Mn-deficient mouse brain at the genome-wide scale by RNA-seq analysis of the cerebellum of mice fed low or normal Mn diets. A total of 137 genes were differentially expressed in Mn-deficient cerebellums compared with Mn-adequate cerebellums (Padj < 0.05). Mn-deficient mice displayed downregulation of key pathways involved with "focal adhesion," "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction," and "cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" and upregulation of "herpes simplex virus 1 infection," "spliceosome," and "FoxO signaling pathway." Reactome pathway analysis identified upregulation of the splicing-related pathways and transcription-related pathways, as well as downregulation of "metabolism of carbohydrate," and "extracellular matrix organization," and "fatty acid metabolism" reactomes. The recurrent identifications of splicing-related pathways suggest that Mn deficiency leads to upregulation of splicing machineries and downregulation of diverse biological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Luisa Aring
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Molly Paschall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Manganese-induced cellular disturbance in the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae with putative implications in neuronal dysfunction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6563. [PMID: 31024033 PMCID: PMC6484083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, but in humans, chronic and/or acute exposure to this metal can lead to neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinsonism and Parkinson’s Disease by unclear mechanisms. To better understand the effects that exposure to Mn2+ exert on eukaryotic cell biology, we exposed a non-essential deletion library of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a sub-inhibitory concentration of Mn2+ followed by targeted functional analyses of the positive hits. This screen produced a set of 43 sensitive deletion mutants that were enriched for genes associated with protein biosynthesis. Our follow-up investigations demonstrated that Mn reduced total rRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner and decreased expression of a β-galactosidase reporter gene. This was subsequently supported by analysis of ribosome profiles that suggested Mn-induced toxicity was associated with a reduction in formation of active ribosomes on the mRNAs. Altogether, these findings contribute to the current understanding of the mechanism of Mn-triggered cytotoxicity. Lastly, using the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database, we revealed that Mn shared certain similarities in toxicological mechanisms with neurodegenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
C. elegans as a model in developmental neurotoxicology. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:126-135. [PMID: 29550512 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to many advantages Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has become a preferred model of choice in many fields, including neurodevelopmental toxicity studies. This review discusses the benefits of using C. elegans as an alternative to mammalian systems and gives examples of the uses of the nematode in evaluating the effects of major known neurodevelopmental toxins, including manganese, mercury, lead, fluoride, arsenic and organophosphorus pesticides. Reviewed data indicates numerous similarities with mammals in response to these toxins. Thus, C. elegans studies have the potential to predict possible effects of developmental neurotoxicants in higher animals, and may be used to identify new molecular pathways behind neurodevelopmental disruptions, as well as new toxicants.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang C, Saar V, Leung KL, Chen L, Wong G. Human amyloid β peptide and tau co-expression impairs behavior and causes specific gene expression changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 109:88-101. [PMID: 28982592 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques consisting of Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregates and neurofibrillary tangles formed by aggregation of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. We generated a novel invertebrate model of AD by crossing Aβ1-42 (strain CL2355) with either pro-aggregating tau (strain BR5270) or anti-aggregating tau (strain BR5271) pan-neuronal expressing transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. The lifespan and progeny viability of the double transgenic strains were significantly decreased compared with wild type N2 (P<0.0001). In addition, co-expression of these transgenes interfered with neurotransmitter signaling pathways, caused deficits in chemotaxis associative learning, increased protein aggregation visualized by Congo red staining, and increased neuronal loss. Global transcriptomic RNA-seq analysis revealed 248 up- and 805 down-regulated genes in N2 wild type versus Aβ1-42+pro-aggregating tau animals, compared to 293 up- and 295 down-regulated genes in N2 wild type versus Aβ1-42+anti-aggregating tau animals. Gene set enrichment analysis of Aβ1-42+pro-aggregating tau animals uncovered up-regulated annotation clusters UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (5 genes, P<4.2E-4), protein phosphorylation (5 genes, P<2.60E-02), and aging (5 genes, P<8.1E-2) while the down-regulated clusters included nematode cuticle collagen (36 genes, P<1.5E-21). RNA interference of 13 available top up-regulated genes in Aβ1-42+pro-aggregating tau animals revealed that F-box family genes and nep-4 could enhance life span deficits and chemotaxis deficits while Y39G8C.2 (TTBK2) could suppress these behaviors. Comparing the list of regulated genes from C. elegans to the top 60 genes related to human AD confirmed an overlap of 8 genes: patched homolog 1, PTCH1 (ptc-3), the Rab GTPase activating protein, TBC1D16 (tbc-16), the WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3, WDFY3 (wdfy-3), ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2, ARFGEF2 (agef-1), Early B-cell Factor, EBF1 (unc-3), d-amino-acid oxidase, DAO (daao-1), glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1, GRM1 (mgl-2), prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 2, P4HA2 (dpy-18 and phy-2). Taken together, our C. elegans double transgenic model provides insight on the fundamental neurobiologic processes underlying human AD and recapitulates selected transcriptomic changes observed in human AD brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyin Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Valeria Saar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Ka Lai Leung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Liang Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Garry Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith MR, Fernandes J, Go YM, Jones DP. Redox dynamics of manganese as a mitochondrial life-death switch. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:388-398. [PMID: 28212723 PMCID: PMC5382988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sten Orrenius, M.D., Ph.D., pioneered many areas of cellular and molecular toxicology and made seminal contributions to our knowledge of oxidative stress and glutathione (GSH) metabolism, organellar functions and Ca+2-dependent mechanisms of cell death, and mechanisms of apoptosis. On the occasion of his 80th birthday, we summarize current knowledge on redox biology of manganese (Mn) and its role in mechanisms of cell death. Mn is found in all organisms and has critical roles in cell survival and death mechanisms by regulating Mn-containing enzymes such as manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) or affecting expression and activity of caspases. Occupational exposures to Mn cause "manganism", a Parkinson's disease-like condition of neurotoxicity, and experimental studies show that Mn exposure leads to accumulation of Mn in the brain, especially in mitochondria, and neuronal cell death occurs with features of an apoptotic mechanism. Interesting questions are why a ubiquitous metal that is essential for mitochondrial function would accumulate to excessive levels, cause increased H2O2 production and lead to cell death. Is this due to the interactions of Mn with other essential metals, such as iron, or with toxic metals, such as cadmium? Why is the Mn loading in the human brain so variable, and why is there such a narrow window between dietary adequacy and toxicity? Are non-neuronal tissues similarly vulnerable to insufficiency and excess, yet not characterized? We conclude that Mn is an important component of the redox interface between an organism and its environment and warrants detailed studies to understand the role of Mn as a mitochondrial life-death switch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jolyn Fernandes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rudgalvyte M, Peltonen J, Lakso M, Wong G. Chronic MeHg exposure modifies the histone H3K4me3 epigenetic landscape in Caenorhabditis elegans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:109-116. [PMID: 27717699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a persistent environmental pollutant that occurs in the food chain, at occupational sites, and via medical procedures. Exposure in humans and animal models results in renal, neuro, and reproductive toxicities. In this study, we demonstrate that chronic exposure to MeHg (10μM) causes epigenetic landscape modifications of histone H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) marks in Caenorhabditis elegans using chromatin immuno-precipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). The modifications correspond to the locations of 1467 genes with enhanced and 508 genes with reduced signals. Among enhanced genes are those encoding glutathione-S-transferases, lipocalin-related protein and a cuticular collagen. ChIP-seq enhancement of these genes was confirmed with increased mRNA expression levels revealed by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, we observed enhancement of H3K4me3 marks in these genes in animals exposed to MeHg in utero and assayed at L4 stage. In utero exposure enhanced marks without alterations in mRNA expression except for the lpr-5 gene. Finally, knockdown of lipocalin-related protein gene lpr-5, which is involved in intercellular signaling, and cuticular collagen gene dpy-7, structural component of the cuticle, by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in increased lethality of animals after MeHg exposure. Our results provide new data on the epigenetic landscape changes elicited by MeHg exposure, as well as describe a unique model for studying in utero effects of heavy metals. Together, these findings may help to understand the toxicological effects of MeHg at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rudgalvyte
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, S.A.R., China
| | - Juhani Peltonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Lakso
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Garry Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, S.A.R., China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Soares FA, Fagundez DA, Avila DS. Neurodegeneration Induced by Metals in Caenorhabditis elegans. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 18:355-383. [PMID: 28889277 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metals are a component of a variety of ecosystems and organisms. They can generally be divided into essential and nonessential metals. The essential metals are involved in physiological processes once the deficiency of these metals has been associated with diseases. Although iron, manganese, copper, and zinc are important for life, it has been evidenced that they are also involved in neuronal damage in many neurodegenerative disorders. Nonessential metals, which are metals without physiological functions, are present in trace or higher levels in living organisms. Occupational, environmental, or deliberate exposures to lead, mercury, aluminum, and cadmium are clearly correlated with the increase of toxicity and varied kinds of pathological situations. Actually, the field of neurotoxicology needs to satisfy two opposing demands: the testing of a growing list of chemicals and resource limitations and ethical concerns associated with testing using traditional mammalian species. Toxicological assays using alternative animal models may relieve some of this pressure by allowing testing of more compounds while reducing expenses and using fewer mammals. The nervous system is by far the more complex system in C. elegans. Almost a third of their cells are neurons (302 neurons versus 959 cells in adult hermaphrodite). It initially underwent extensive development as a model organism in order to study the nervous system, and its neuronal lineage and the complete wiring diagram of its nervous system are stereotyped and fully described. The neurotransmission systems are phylogenetically conserved from nematodes to vertebrates, which allows for findings from C. elegans to be extrapolated and further confirmed in vertebrate systems. Different strains of C. elegans offer a new perspective on neurodegenerative processes. Some genes have been found to be related to neurodegeneration induced by metals. Studying these interactions may be an effective tool to slow neuronal loss and deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Antunes Soares
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Daiana Silva Avila
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, 97508-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Metals play important roles in the human body, maintaining cell structure and regulating gene expression, neurotransmission, and antioxidant response, to name a few. However, excessive metal accumulation in the nervous system may be toxic, inducing oxidative stress, disrupting mitochondrial function, and impairing the activity of numerous enzymes. Damage caused by metal accumulation may result in permanent injuries, including severe neurological disorders. Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown a strong correlation between aberrant metal exposure and a number of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, Guillain–Barré disease, Gulf War syndrome, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Wilson’s disease. Here, we briefly survey the literature relating to the role of metals in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mahfuzur Rahman Miah
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|