1
|
Kawai A, Nagatomo Y, Yukino-Iwashita M, Nakazawa R, Taruoka A, Yumita Y, Takefuji A, Yasuda R, Toya T, Ikegami Y, Masaki N, Ido Y, Adachi T. β 1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies and IgG Subclasses: Current Status and Unsolved Issues. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:390. [PMID: 37754819 PMCID: PMC10531529 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of anti-myocardial autoantibodies have been reported since the 1970s. Among them, autoantibodies against the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR-AAb) have been the most thoroughly investigated, especially in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Β1AR-Aabs have agonist effects inducing desensitization of β1AR, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and sustained calcium influx which lead to cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. Β1AR-Aab has been reported to be detected in approximately 40% of patients with DCM, and the presence of the antibody has been associated with worse clinical outcomes. The removal of anti-myocardial autoantibodies including β1AR-AAb by immunoadsorption is beneficial for the improvement of cardiac function for DCM patients. However, several studies have suggested that its efficacy depended on the removal of AAbs belonging to the IgG3 subclass, not total IgG. IgG subclasses differ in the structure of the Fc region, suggesting that the mechanism of action of β1AR-AAb differs depending on the IgG subclasses. Our previous clinical research demonstrated that the patients with β1AR-AAb better responded to β-blocker therapy, but the following studies found that its response also differed among IgG subclasses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the possible pathogenic role of IgG subclasses of β1AR-AAbs in DCM, and the broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including HF with preserved ejection fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kawai
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (A.K.)
| | - Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (A.K.)
| | - Midori Yukino-Iwashita
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (A.K.)
| | - Ryota Nakazawa
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (A.K.)
| | - Akira Taruoka
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (A.K.)
| | - Yusuke Yumita
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (A.K.)
| | - Asako Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (A.K.)
| | - Risako Yasuda
- Department of Intensive Care, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (A.K.)
| | - Yukinori Ikegami
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (A.K.)
| | - Nobuyuki Masaki
- Department of Intensive Care, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ido
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (A.K.)
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cavusoglu Y, Tahmazov S, Murat S, Akay OM. Immunoadsorption therapy in refractory heart failure patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a potential therapeutic option. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:90-96. [PMID: 36629647 PMCID: PMC9937600 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Removal of cardiac autoantibodies by immunoadsorption might confer clinical improvement in dilated cardiomyopathy. In this pilot study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of immunoadsorption therapy in refractory heart failure patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS This study consisted of 9 heart failure patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, NYHA III-IV, left ventricular ejection fraction <30%, unresponsive to heart failure therapy, and with cardiac autoantibodies. Patients underwent immunoadsorption therapy for five consecutive days using a tryptophan column. Changes in cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter), exercise capacity (6-minute walk distance), neurohormonal (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide), proinflammatory (high-sensitive C-reactive protein), and myocardial (cardiac troponin-I), biochemical, and hematological variables were obtained at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of immunoadsorption therapy. RESULTS Mean left ventricular ejection fraction and 6-minute walk distance significantly increased at 3 months (from 23.27±5.09 to 32.1±1.7%, p=0.01 for left ventricular ejection fraction and from 353±118 to 434±159 m, p=0.04 for 6-minute walk distance) and further increased at 6 months after immunoadsorption therapy (to 34.5±7.7%, p=0.02 for ejection fraction and to 441±136 m, p=0.04 for 6-minute walk distance). NT-proBNP level reduced from 1161(392.8-3034) to 385(116.1-656.5) ng/L (p=0.04), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein decreased from 9.74±0.96 to 4.3±5.8 mg/L (p=0.04) at 6 months. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (66.1±5.8 vs. 64.7±8.9 mm) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (56.1±8.6 vs. 52.3±10.8 mm) tended to decrease but did not reach statistical significance. No significant worsening was observed in creatinine, cardiac troponin-I, and hemoglobin levels after the immunoadsorption procedure. CONCLUSION In dilated cardiomyopathy patients with refractory heart failure, immunoadsorption may be considered a potentially useful therapeutic option to improve a patient's clinical status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuksel Cavusoglu
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Cardiology Department – Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Senan Tahmazov
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Cardiology Department – Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Selda Murat
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Cardiology Department – Eskişehir, Turkey.,Corresponding author:
| | - Olga Meltem Akay
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Hematology Department – Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tseliou E, Lavine KJ, Wever-Pinzon O, Topkara VK, Meyns B, Adachi I, Zimpfer D, Birks EJ, Burkhoff D, Drakos SG. Biology of myocardial recovery in advanced heart failure with long-term mechanical support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:1309-1323. [PMID: 35965183 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is an adaptive, compensatory biological process following an initial insult to the myocardium that gradually becomes maladaptive and causes clinical deterioration and chronic heart failure (HF). This biological process involves several pathophysiological adaptations at the genetic, molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. A growing body of clinical and translational investigations demonstrated that cardiac remodeling and chronic HF does not invariably result in a static, end-stage phenotype but can be at least partially reversed. One of the paradigms which shed some additional light on the breadth and limits of myocardial elasticity and plasticity is long term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in advanced HF pediatric and adult patients. MCS by providing (a) ventricular mechanical unloading and (b) effective hemodynamic support to the periphery results in functional, structural, cellular and molecular changes, known as cardiac reverse remodeling. Herein, we analyze and synthesize the advances in our understanding of the biology of MCS-mediated reverse remodeling and myocardial recovery. The MCS investigational setting offers access to human tissue, providing an unparalleled opportunity in cardiovascular medicine to perform in-depth characterizations of myocardial biology and the associated molecular, cellular, and structural recovery signatures. These human tissue findings have triggered and effectively fueled a "bedside to bench and back" approach through a variety of knockout, inhibition or overexpression mechanistic investigations in vitro and in vivo using small animal models. These follow-up translational and basic science studies leveraging human tissue findings have unveiled mechanistic myocardial recovery pathways which are currently undergoing further testing for potential therapeutic drug development. Essentially, the field is advancing by extending the lessons learned from the MCS cardiac recovery investigational setting to develop therapies applicable to the greater, not end-stage, HF population. This review article focuses on the biological aspects of the MCS-mediated myocardial recovery and together with its companion review article, focused on the clinical aspects, they aim to provide a useful framework for clinicians and investigators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tseliou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Omar Wever-Pinzon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Veli K Topkara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Bart Meyns
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iki Adachi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel Zimpfer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Daniel Burkhoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Cardiovascular Research Foundation (CRF), New York, NY
| | - Stavros G Drakos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang WW, Naga Prasad SV. Autoantibodies and Cardiomyopathy: Focus on Beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:354-363. [PMID: 35323150 PMCID: PMC9452444 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Antibody response to self-antigens leads to autoimmune response that plays a determinant role in cardiovascular disease outcomes including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Although the origins of the self-reactive endogenous autoantibodies are not well-characterized, it is believed to be triggered by tissue injury or dysregulated humoral response. Autoantibodies that recognize G protein-coupled receptors are considered consequential because they act as modulators of downstream receptor signaling displaying a wide range of unique pharmacological properties. These wide range of pharmacological properties exhibited by autoantibodies has cellular consequences that is associated with progression of disease including DCM. Increase in autoantibodies recognizing beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β1AR), a G protein-coupled receptor critical for cardiac function, is observed in patients with DCM. Cellular and animal model studies have indicated pathological roles for the β1AR autoantibodies but less is understood about the molecular basis of their modulatory effects. Despite the recognition that β1AR autoantibodies could mediate deleterious outcomes, emerging evidence suggests that not all β1AR autoantibodies are deleterious. Recent clinical studies show that β1AR autoantibodies belonging to the IgG3 subclass is associated with beneficial cardiac outcomes in patients. This suggests that our understanding on the roles the β1AR autoantibodies play in mediating outcomes is not well-understood. Technological advances including structural determinants of antibody binding could provide insights on the modulatory capabilities of β1AR autoantibodies in turn, reflecting their diversity in mediating β1AR signaling response. In this study, we discuss the significance of the diversity in signaling and its implications in pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W.H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sathyamangla V. Naga Prasad
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohan ML, Nagatomo Y, Saha PP, Mukherjee SD, Engelman T, Morales R, Hazen SL, Tang WHW, Naga Prasad SV. The IgG3 subclass of β1-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies is an endogenous biaser of β1AR signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:622-633. [PMID: 33534612 PMCID: PMC8101462 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of immune responses has been linked to the generation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies that target human β1ARs and contribute to deleterious cardiac outcomes. Given the benefits of β-blockers observed in patients harboring the IgG3 subclass of autoantibodies, we investigated the role of these autoantibodies in human β1AR function. Serum and purified IgG3(+) autoantibodies from patients with onset of cardiomyopathy were tested using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing human β1ARs. Unexpectedly, pretreatment of cells with IgG3(+) serum or purified IgG3(+) autoantibodies impaired dobutamine-mediated adenylate cyclase (AC) activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation while enhancing biased β-arrestin recruitment and Extracellular Regulated Kinase (ERK) activation. In contrast, the β-blocker metoprolol increased AC activity and cAMP in the presence of IgG3(+) serum or IgG3(+) autoantibodies. Because IgG3(+) autoantibodies are specific to human β1ARs, non-failing human hearts were used as an endogenous system to determine their ability to bias β1AR signaling. Consistently, metoprolol increased AC activity, reflecting the ability of the IgG3(+) autoantibodies to bias β-blocker toward G-protein coupling. Importantly, IgG3(+) autoantibodies are specific toward β1AR as they did not alter β2AR signaling. Thus, IgG3(+) autoantibody biases β-blocker toward G-protein coupling while impairing agonist-mediated G-protein activation but promoting G-protein-independent ERK activation. This phenomenon may underlie the beneficial outcomes observed in patients harboring IgG3(+) β1AR autoantibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maradumane L Mohan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan, 359-8513
| | | | - Sromona D Mukherjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Timothy Engelman
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Rommel Morales
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Düngen HD, Dordevic A, Felix SB, Pieske B, Voors AA, McMurray JJV, Butler J. β 1-Adrenoreceptor Autoantibodies in Heart Failure: Physiology and Therapeutic Implications. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e006155. [PMID: 31957469 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies that activate the β1-AR (β1-adrenoreceptor) can induce heart failure in animal models. These antibodies are often found in patients with heart failure secondary to varying etiologies. Their binding to the β1 receptor leads to prolonged receptor activation with subsequent induction of cellular dysfunction, apoptosis, and arrhythmias. β-blocker therapy while highly effective for heart failure, may not be sufficient treatment for patients who have β1 receptor autoantibodies. Removal of these autoantibodies by immunoadsorption has been shown to improve heart failure in small studies. However, immunoadsorption is costly, time consuming, and carries potential risks. An alternative to immunoadsorption is neutralization of autoantibodies through the intravenous application of small soluble molecules, such as peptides or aptamers, which specifically target and neutralize β1-AR autoantibodies. Peptides may induce immunogenicity. Animal as well as early phase human studies with aptamers have not shown safety concerns to date and have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing autoantibody levels. Novel aptamers have the potential advantage of having a wide spectrum of action, neutralizing a variety of known circulating G-protein coupled receptor autoantibodies. These aptamers, therefore, have the potential to be novel therapeutic option for patients with heart failure who have positive for β1-AR autoantibodies. However, clinical outcomes trials are needed to assess the clinical utility of this novel approach to treat heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Dirk Düngen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charite-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (H.-D.D., A.D., B.P.)
| | - Aleksandar Dordevic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charite-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (H.-D.D., A.D., B.P.)
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (S.B.F.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany (S.B.F.)
| | - Burkert Pieske
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (B.P.).,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (B.P.)
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, Germany (B.P.)
| | - John J V McMurray
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.A.V.)
| | - Javed Butler
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (J.J.V.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sánchez-Trujillo L, Vázquez-Garza E, Castillo EC, García-Rivas G, Torre-Amione G. Role of Adaptive Immunity in the Development and Progression of Heart Failure: New Evidence. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:1-11. [PMID: 28577862 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is considered the endpoint of a variety of cardiac diseases, which are the leading cause of death in adults and considered a growing pandemic worldwide. Independent of the initial form of cardiac injury, there is evidence linking the involvement of the immune system. In HF there is evidence of the participation of TH1, and TH17 cells, which account for sustained pathological chronic inflammation, cell migration, and the induction of specific pathological phenotypes of mononuclear cells. Of equal or even higher relevance are the B lymphocyte activation mechanisms that include production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cardiac autoantibodies with or without activation of the complement proteins. Both of these unbalanced T- and B-cell pathways of the adaptive immune system are associated with cardiomyocyte death and tissue remodeling by fibrosis leading to a dysfunctional heart. At this time, therapy with neutralizing antibodies and the use of anti-cytokine immunomodulators to counteract the immune system effects have reached a plateau of mixed results in clinical trials. Nevertheless, recent evidence showed promising results in animal models that suggest that modulation of the adaptive immune system cells more than some of their effector molecules could have benefits in HF patients. This review summarizes the role of the adaptive immunity cells in HF, considering the sustained activation of adaptive immune system as a potential contributor to disease progression in humans and experimental models where its regulation provides a new therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sánchez-Trujillo
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México; Hospital General de Zona No. 4, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vázquez-Garza
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Elena C Castillo
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México; Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-García, México.
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México; Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-García, México; Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nagatomo Y, McNamara DM, Alexis JD, Cooper LT, Dec GW, Pauly DF, Sheppard R, Starling RC, Tang WHW. Myocardial Recovery in Patients With Systolic Heart Failure and Autoantibodies Against β 1-Adrenergic Receptors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:968-977. [PMID: 28231950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among various cardiac autoantibodies (AAbs), those recognizing the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) demonstrate agonist-like effects and induce myocardial damage that can be reversed by β-blockers and immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) immunoadsorption. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate the role of β1AR-AAbs belonging to the IgG3 subclass in patients with recent-onset cardiomyopathy. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were drawn at enrollment in patients with recent-onset cardiomyopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≤0.40; <6 months). The presence of IgG and IgG3-β1AR-AAb was determined, and echocardiograms were assessed, at baseline and 6 months. Patients were followed up for ≤48 months. RESULTS Among the 353 patients who had blood samples adequate for the analysis, 62 (18%) were positive for IgG3-β1AR-AAbs (IgG3 group), 58 (16%) were positive for IgG but not IgG3 (non-IgG3 group), and the remaining were negative. There were no significant differences in baseline systolic blood pressure, heart rate, or LVEF among the groups at baseline. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters were significantly larger in the non-IgG3 group compared with the other groups (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, p < 0.01; left ventricular end-systolic diameter, p = 0.03). At 6 months, LVEF was significantly higher in the IgG3 group (p = 0.007). Multiple regression analysis showed that IgG3-β1AR-AAb was an independent predictor of LVEF at 6 months and change in LVEF over 6 months, even after multivariable adjustment (LVEF at 6 months, β = 0.20, p = 0.01; change in LVEF, β = 0.20, p = 0.008). In patients with high New York Heart Association functional class (III or IV) at baseline, the IgG3 group had a lower incidence of the composite endpoint of all-cause death, cardiac transplantation, and hospitalization due to heart failure, whereas the non-IgG3 group had the highest incidence of the composite endpoint. CONCLUSIONS IgG3-β1AR-AAbs were associated with more favorable myocardial recovery in patients with recent-onset cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nagatomo
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Sakakibara Heart Institute, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Dennis M McNamara
- Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey D Alexis
- University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | | | - G William Dec
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel F Pauly
- Truman Medical Centers, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Randall C Starling
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moriguchi T, Koizumi K, Matsuda K, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sugawara H, Hoshiai M, Kise H, Baba A. Plasma exchange for the patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in children is safe and effective in improving both cardiac function and daily activities. J Artif Organs 2017; 20:236-243. [DOI: 10.1007/s10047-017-0956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Cardiomyopathy - An approach to the autoimmune background. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:269-286. [PMID: 28163240 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is increasingly accepted as the origin or amplifier of various diseases. In contrast to classic autoantibodies (AABs), which induce immune responses resulting in the destruction of the affected tissue, an additional class of AABs is directed against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; GPCR-AABs). GPCR-AABs functionally affect their related GPCRs for activation of receptor mediated signal cascades. Diseases which are characterized by the presence of GPCR-AABs with evidence for disease-specific pathogenic activity could be named "functional autoantibody disease". We briefly summarize here the historical view on autoimmunity in cardiomyopathy, followed by an approach to the mechanistic autoimmunity background. Furthermore, autoantibodies with outstanding importance for cardiomyopathies as a functional autoantibody disease, such as GPCR-AABs, and mainly those directed against the beta1-adrenergic and muscarinic 2 receptor autoantibodies, are introduced. Anti-cardiac myosin and anti-cardiac troponin autoantibodies, as further potential players in autoimmune cardiomyopathy, are additionally taken into account. The basic view on the autoantibodies, their related receptor interactions and pathogenic consequences are presented. Focused specifically on GPCR-AABs, "pros and cons" of assays such as indirect assays (functional changes of cell preparations are monitored after GPCR-AAB receptor binding) and direct assays based on the ELISA technologies (GPCR epitope mimics for GPCR-AAB binding) are critically discussed. Last but not least, treatment strategies for "functional autoantibody disease", such as for GPCR-AAB removal (therapeutic plasma exchange, immunoadsorption) and in vivo GPCR-AAB attack such as intravenous IgG treatment (IVIG), B-cell depletion and GPCR-AAB binding and neutralization, are critically reflected with respect to their patient benefits.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nagatomo Y, Li D, Kirsop J, Borowski A, Thakur A, Tang WHW. Autoantibodies Specifically Against β1 Adrenergic Receptors and Adverse Clinical Outcome in Patients With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure in the β-Blocker Era: The Importance of Immunoglobulin G3 Subclass. J Card Fail 2016; 22:417-22. [PMID: 26997620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the prevalence and role of β1 adrenergic receptor autoantibodies (β1AR-AAb) belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig)G3 subclass in patients with heart failure (HF) treated with β-adrenergic blockers. BACKGROUND Several cardiac AAbs have been reported to be present in sera from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and other etiologies. Among AAbs, those recognizing β1AR-AAbs show agonist-like effects, have detrimental effects on cardiomyocytes, and may induce persistent myocardial damage. METHODS We quantify total IgG and IgG3 subclass β1AR-AAb in subjects with chronic stable HF with long-term follow-up. RESULTS In our study cohort of 121 subjects, non-IgG3-β1AR-AAb and IgG3-β1AR-AAb were found to be positive in 20 (17%) and 26 patients (21%), respectively. The positive rate of IgG3-β1AR-AAb was significantly higher for those with nonischemic compared with ischemic HF etiology (27% vs 8%, P = .01), but the positive rate for non-IgG3-β1AR-AAb was similar between the 2 groups (18% vs 16%, respectively, P = NS). There were no significant differences in clinical and echocardiographic measures among total β1AR-AAb negative, non-IgG3-β1AR-AAb positive, and IgG3-β1AR-AAb positive groups at baseline. During 2.2 ± 1.2 years of follow-up, we observed similar rates of the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, cardiac transplantation, or hospitalization resulting from HF between total IgG-β1AR-AAb negative and positive patients. However, the composite endpoint events were significantly more common in the patients without than in those with IgG3-β1AR-AAb (P = .048, log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS Presence of IgG3-β1AR-AAb, not total IgG, was associated with paradoxically more favorable outcomes in our cohort of patients with chronic systolic HF largely treated by β-blockers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Daniel Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jennifer Kirsop
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alan Borowski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Akanksha Thakur
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoshikawa T, Baba A, Akaishi M, Wakabayashi Y, Monkawa T, Kitakaze M, Izumi T, Tomoike H. Immunoadsorption therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy using tryptophan column-A prospective, multicenter, randomized, within-patient and parallel-group comparative study to evaluate efficacy and safety. J Clin Apher 2016; 31:535-544. [PMID: 26801483 PMCID: PMC5123585 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, several cardiac autoantibodies have been reported in sera from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Immunoadsorption (IA) therapy is one of the therapeutic tools to remove such autoantibodies. The objective of this study was to investigate functional effects of IA therapy using a tryptophan column in severe DCM patients. Of 49 patients enrolled, 44 were randomized from 10 sites in Japan. IA therapy was conducted in 40 patients with DCM (refractory to standard therapy for heart failure, New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III/IV, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <30%). Mean echocardiographic LVEF was significantly improved (23.8 ± 1.3% to 25.9 ± 1.3%, P = 0.0015). However, mean radionuclide LVEF over 3 months of IA therapy was not significantly improved (20.8 ± 1.1% to 21.9 ± 1%, P = 0.0605). The cardiothoracic ratio was also significantly decreased (P = 0.0010). NYHA functional class (P < 0.0001), subjective symptoms assessed by a quality of life questionnaire (P = 0.0022), maximum oxygen consumption (P = 0.0074), and 6‐minute walk distance (P = 0.0050) were improved after IA therapy. Subgroup analysis revealed improvement of echocardiographic LVEF in patients with higher baseline autoantibody scores but not in those with lower scores. IA therapy improved subjective symptoms and exercise capacity in patients with refractory heart failure resulting from DCM. Favorable effect on cardiac function was noted in patients with higher autoantibody scores. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:535–544, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiyasu Baba
- Department of Cardiology, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Akaishi
- Department of Cardiology, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Monkawa
- Medical Education Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Cardiovascular Division of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Research Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tohru Izumi
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hitonobu Tomoike
- Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Fuchu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
There has been a long history of the exploration into autoimmunity as a possible pathogenic factor of cardiovascular diseases from unknown cause represented by dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Autoantibodies (AAbs) have emerged either as humoral responses provoked by the release of "self-antigens" due to tissue damage or dysregulated humoral immunity itself. The pathogenic roles of some AAbs have been suggested by the findings from basic research using in vitro and in vivo disease models as well as clinical studies including immunoadsorption studies removing AAbs from patients with DCM. In this context, the importance of AAbs belonging to IgG3 subclass has also been implicated. In this review article, we summarize the findings accumulated to date regarding AAbs which have been considered to be involved in the pathology of DCM or pregnancy-related cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, we discuss the significance of AAbs as a possible cause of DCM and their potential roles as a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nagatomo Y, Yoshikawa T, Okamoto H, Kitabatake A, Hori M. Presence of Autoantibody Directed Against β1-Adrenergic Receptors Is Associated With Amelioration of Cardiac Function in Response to Carvedilol: Japanese Chronic Heart Failure (J-CHF) Study. J Card Fail 2015; 21:198-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by dilatation of the left or right ventricle, or both ventricles. The degree of myocardial dysfunction is not attributable to abnormal loading conditions. The infectious-immune theory has long been hypothesized to explain the pathogenesis of many etiologically unrecognized dilated cardiomyopathies. Inflammations followed by immune reactions, which may be excessive, in the myocardium, evoked by external triggers such as viral infections and/or autoimmune antibodies, continue insidiously, and lead to the process of cardiac remodeling with ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction. This ultimately results in dilated cardiomyopathy. Hepatitis C virus-associated heart diseases are good examples of cardiac lesions definitely induced by viral infections in humans that progress to a chronic stage through complicated immune mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies for myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy have been obtained through analyses of the acute, subacute, and chronic phases of experimental viral myocarditis in mice. The appropriate modulation of excessive immune reactions during myocarditis, rather than their complete elimination, appears to be a key option in the prevention and treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. The clinical application of an NF-κB decoy and immune adsorption of IgG3 cardiac autoantibodies have been used as immunomodulating therapies and may provide novel approaches for the treatment of refractory patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Conventional therapeutic agents for chronic heart failure such as β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone antagonists in particular should be re-evaluated on the basis of their anti-inflammatory properties in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Agonistic autoantibodies directed against G-protein-coupled receptors and their relationship to cardiovascular diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:351-63. [PMID: 24777744 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Agonistic autoantibodies (AABs) against G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) are present mainly in diseases of the cardiovascular system or in diseases associated with cardiovascular disturbances. The increasing knowledge about the role of autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR-AABs) as pathogenic drivers, the resulting development of strategies aimed at their removal or neutralization, and the evidenced patient benefit associated with such therapies have created the need for a summary of GPCR-AAB-associated diseases. Here, we summarize the present knowledge about GPCR-AABs in cardiovascular diseases. The identity of the GPCR-AABs and their prevalence in each of several specific cardiovascular diseases are documented. The structure of GPCR is also briefly discussed. Using this information, differences between classic agonists and GPCR-AABs in their GPCR binding and activation are presented and the resulting pathogenic consequences are discussed. Furthermore, treatment strategies that are currently under study, most of which are aimed at the removal and in vivo neutralization of GPCR-AABs, are indicated and their patient benefits discussed. In this context, immunoadsorption using peptides/proteins or aptamers as binders are introduced. The use of peptides or aptamers for in vivo neutralization of GPCR-AABs is also described. Particular attention is given to the GPCR-AABs directed against the adrenergic beta1-, beta2-, and α1-receptor as well as the muscarinic receptor M2, angiotensin II-angiotensin receptor type I, endothelin1 receptor type A, angiotensin (1-7) Mas-receptor, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4. Among the diseases associated with GPCR-AABs, special focus is given to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, Chagas' cardiomyopathy, malignant and pulmonary hypertension, and kidney diseases. Relationships of GPCR-AABs are indicated to glaucoma, peripartum cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pericarditis, preeclampsia, Alzheimer's disease, Sjörgren's syndrome, and metabolic syndrome after cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pignalosa O, Infante T, Napoli C. The use of therapeutic apheresis in cardiovascular disease. Transfus Med 2014; 24:68-78. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Infante
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN); IRCCS; Naples Italy
| | - C. Napoli
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN); IRCCS; Naples Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pokrovsky SN, Ezhov MV, Safarova MS, Saidova MA, Shitov VN, Afanasieva MI, Khaustov AI, Adamova IY, Afanasieva OI, Konovalov GA. Ig apheresis for the treatment of severe DCM patients. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2013; 14:213-8. [PMID: 23357167 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoantibodies against β1-adrenoreceptor (AR) are considered by many authors to be the most significant in autoimmune process during DCM. Immunoadsorption (IA) of immunoglobulins (Ig apheresis) is a logic approach to remove autoantibodies against β1-AR and other antibodies. The effect of Ig apheresis and the role of anti-β1-AR in DCM are still an issue for discussion. METHODS We have performed a prospective case-control study in 16 patients with DCM, NYHA Class II-IV congestive heart failure, positive and negative for anti-β1-AR. RESULTS We observed a clinically significant mean change of exercise tolerance compared with controls (6 MWT distance increased from 420 ± 130 m to 550 ± 150 m, p < 0.05). Systolic function improved rapidly by increase in LVEF from 28.6 ± 5.2% to 33.0 ± 10.3%, LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes decreased from 166 ± 58 mL to 148 ± 50 mL and from 235 ± 73 mL to 220 ± 73 mL, respectively, whereas in the control group there was no significant change in clinical variables. The improved quality of life and cardiac function in apheresis group as well as negative changes in control group didn't correlate with the presence of anti-β1-AR. CONCLUSIONS Ig apheresis for the treatment of DCM patients is associated with the improvement of quality of life and cardiac function regardless of the presence of anti-β1-AR. We suggest that IgG apheresis is a safe and effective method for DCM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Pokrovsky
- Cardiology Research Center, 15a, 3rd Cherepkovskaya Street, 121552 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ludwig RJ, Kalies K, Köhl J, Zillikens D, Schmidt E. Emerging treatments for pemphigoid diseases. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:501-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
21
|
Clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. ISRN DERMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:812029. [PMID: 23956869 PMCID: PMC3727188 DOI: 10.1155/2013/812029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a chronic mucocutaneous autoimmune skin blistering disease. The pathogenic relevance of autoantibodies targeting type VII collagen (COL7) has been well-documented. Therefore, EBA is a prototypical autoimmune disease with a well-characterized pathogenic relevance of autoantibody binding to the target antigen. EBA is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.2 new cases per million and per year. The current treatment of EBA relies on general immunosuppressive therapy, which does not lead to remission in all cases. Therefore, there is a high, so far unmet medical need for the development of novel therapeutic options. During the last 10 years, several novel in vitro and in vivo models of EBA have been established. These models demonstrated a critical role of the genetic background, T cells, and cytokines for mediating the loss of tolerance towards COL7. Neutrophils, complement activation, Fc gamma receptor engagement, cytokines, several molecules involved in cell signaling, release of reactive oxygen species, and matrix metalloproteinases are crucial for autoantibody-induced tissue injury in EBA. Based on this growing understanding of the diseases' pathogenesis, several potential novel therapeutic targets have emerged. In this review, the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and current treatment options for EBA are discussed in detail.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bulut D, Creutzenberg G, Mügge A. The number of regulatory T cells correlates with hemodynamic improvement in patients with inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy after immunoadsorption therapy. Scand J Immunol 2013; 77:54-61. [PMID: 22998220 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory DCM (iDCM) may be related to autoimmune processes. An immunoadsorption (IA) has been reported to improve cardiac hemodynamics. The benefit of IA is probably related to the removal of autoantibodies. A recent study suggests additional effects of IA on the T cell-mediated immune reactions, especially on regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this prospective study, the correlation between the level of Tregs and improvement of myocardial contractility in response to IA in patients with iDCM was investigated. Patients (n = 18) with iDCM, reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (<35%), were enrolled for IA. Before and 6 months after IA, LV systolic function was assessed by echocardiography, and blood levels of Tregs were quantified by FACS analysis. Patients (n = 12) with chronic ischaemic heart failure and comparable reduced LV-EF served as controls. IA improved LV-EF in 12 of 18 patients at 6-month follow-up. These patients were classified as 'IA responder'. In 6 patients, LV-EF remained unchanged. At baseline, IA responder and non-responder subgroups showed similar values for C-reactive protein, white blood cells, lymphocytes and T helper cells, but they differ for the number of circulating Tregs (responder: 2.32 ± 1.38% versus non-responder: 4.86 ± 0.28%; P < 0.01). Tregs increased significantly in the IA responders, but remained unchanged in the IA non-responders. In patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, none of these values changed over time. A low level of Tregs in patients with chronic iDCM may characterize a subset of patients who do best respond to IA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bulut
- Herz- und Kreislaufzentrum der Ruhr-Universität, Standort St. Josef-Hospital, Gudrunstraße, Bochum, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Winters JL. Apheresis in the treatment of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Clin Apher 2012; 27:312-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jca.21245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
24
|
Ward DM. Conventional apheresis therapies: a review. J Clin Apher 2011; 26:230-8. [PMID: 21882233 DOI: 10.1002/jca.20302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews advances in the scientific basis and medical practice of plasmapheresis and cytapheresis therapies. Newly-characterized autoantibodies in neuromyelitis optica, Guillain-Barre variants, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitides, etc., exemplify the modern molecular biology which now provides a rigorous framework of understanding for the clinical practice of plasmapheresis. Clinical trials continue to clarify the appropriate use of therapeutic plasmapheresis (TPE) in these and other diseases. Centrifugal (cTPE) and membrane filtration (mTPE) types of plasmapheresis are compared, with details of the plasmapheresis prescription, anticoagulation choices, replacement fluids and other practical considerations. Plasma removal is more efficient with cTPE; mTPE systems have a lower plasma extraction ratio, and therefore require higher blood flow rates or longer procedure times. Autoantibodies and other pathogenic macromolecules targeted for removal by plasmapheresis can be depleted predictably when the plasma is discarded, as in conventional TPE. On-line plasma processing to regenerate the patient's own plasma avoids the need for replacement albumin solutions or plasma transfusion, but is inherently less efficient at removing the target molecule, so usually requires a longer procedure. Therapeutic white cell reduction (leukapheresis), platelet reduction (thrombocytapheresis) and red cell exchange (erythrocytapheresis) require centrifugal apheresis systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Ward
- Division of Nephrology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
La inmunoadsorción: ¿alternativa o adyuvante del tratamiento quirúrgico? CIRUGIA CARDIOVASCULAR 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1134-0096(11)70066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|