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Sheng X, Liu H, Xu Y, Wang Z, Zhang W, Li C, Wang J. Functionalized biomimetic mineralized collagen promotes osseointegration of 3D-printed titanium alloy microporous interface. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100896. [PMID: 38162280 PMCID: PMC10755784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mineralized collagen (MC) is the fundamental unit of natural bone tissue and can induce bone regeneration. Unmodified MC has poor mechanical properties and a single component, making it unable to cope with complex physiological environment. In this study, we introduced sodium alginate (SA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into the MC material to construct functionalized mineralized collagen (FMC) with good mechanical strength and the ability to continuously release growth factors. The FMC is filled into the pores of 3D printed titanium alloy scaffold to form a new organic-inorganic bioactive interface. With the continuous degradation of FMC, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in the surrounding environment are recruited to the surface of the scaffold to promote bone and vascular regeneration. After implanting the scaffold into the distal femoral defect of rabbits, Micro CT, histological, push-out, as well as immunohistochemical analysis showed that the composite interface can significantly promote osseointegration. These findings provide a new strategy for the development and application of mineralized collagen materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Ophthalmologic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130041, China
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2
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Schalich KM, Koganti PP, Castillo JM, Reiff OM, Cheong SH, Selvaraj V. The uterine secretory cycle: recurring physiology of endometrial outputs that setup the uterine luminal microenvironment. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:74-97. [PMID: 37694291 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00035.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Conserved in female reproduction across all mammalian species is the estrous cycle and its regulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, a collective of intersected hormonal events that are crucial for ensuring uterine fertility. Nonetheless, knowledge of the direct mediators that synchronously shape the uterine microenvironment for successive yet distinct events, such as the transit of sperm and support for progressive stages of preimplantation embryo development, remain principally deficient. Toward understanding the timed endometrial outputs that permit luminal events as directed by the estrous cycle, we used Bovidae as a model system to uniquely surface sample and study temporal shifts to in vivo endometrial transcripts that encode for proteins destined to be secreted. The results revealed the full quantitative profile of endometrial components that shape the uterine luminal microenvironment at distinct phases of the estrous cycle (estrus, metestrus, diestrus, and proestrus). In interpreting this comprehensive log of stage-specific endometrial secretions, we define the "uterine secretory cycle" and extract a predictive understanding of recurring physiological actions regulated within the uterine lumen in anticipation of sperm and preimplantation embryonic stages. This repetitive microenvironmental preparedness to sequentially provide operative support was a stable intrinsic framework, with only limited responses to sperm or embryos if encountered in the lumen within the cyclic time period. In uncovering the secretory cycle and unraveling realistic biological processes, we present novel foundational knowledge of terminal effectors controlled by the HPG axis to direct a recurring sequence of vital functions within the uterine lumen.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study unravels the recurring sequence of changes within the uterus that supports vital functions (sperm transit and development of preimplantation embryonic stages) during the reproductive cycle in female Ruminantia. These data present new systems knowledge in uterine reproductive physiology crucial for setting up in vitro biomimicry and artificial environments for assisted reproduction technologies for a range of mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey M Schalich
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Prasanthi P Koganti
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Juan M Castillo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Olivia M Reiff
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
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3
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Tye CE, Ghule PN, Gordon JAR, Kabala FS, Page NA, Falcone MM, Tracy KM, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS. LncMIR181A1HG is a novel chromatin-bound epigenetic suppressor of early stage osteogenic lineage commitment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7770. [PMID: 35546168 PMCID: PMC9095685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation requires osteogenic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and lineage progression of committed osteoblast precursors. Osteogenic phenotype commitment is epigenetically controlled by genomic (chromatin) and non-genomic (non-coding RNA) mechanisms. Control of osteogenesis by long non-coding RNAs remains a largely unexplored molecular frontier. Here, we performed comprehensive transcriptome analysis at early stages of osteogenic cell fate determination in human MSCs, focusing on expression of lncRNAs. We identified a chromatin-bound lncRNA (MIR181A1HG) that is highly expressed in self-renewing MSCs. MIR181A1HG is down-regulated when MSCs become osteogenic lineage committed and is retained during adipogenic differentiation, suggesting lineage-related molecular functions. Consistent with a key role in human MSC proliferation and survival, we demonstrate that knockdown of MIR181A1HG in the absence of osteogenic stimuli impedes cell cycle progression. Loss of MIR181A1HG enhances differentiation into osteo-chondroprogenitors that produce multiple extracellular matrix proteins. RNA-seq analysis shows that loss of chromatin-bound MIR181A1HG alters expression and BMP2 responsiveness of skeletal gene networks (e.g., SOX5 and DLX5). We propose that MIR181A1HG is a novel epigenetic regulator of early stages of mesenchymal lineage commitment towards osteo-chondroprogenitors. This discovery permits consideration of MIR181A1HG and its associated regulatory pathways as targets for promoting new bone formation in skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralee E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Prachi N Ghule
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jonathan A R Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Fleur S Kabala
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Natalie A Page
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Michelle M Falcone
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Kirsten M Tracy
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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4
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Winter MR, Morgulis M, Gildor T, Cohen AR, Ben-Tabou de-Leon S. Calcium-vesicles perform active diffusion in the sea urchin embryo during larval biomineralization. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008780. [PMID: 33617532 PMCID: PMC7932551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process by which organisms use minerals to harden their tissues and provide them with physical support. Biomineralizing cells concentrate the mineral in vesicles that they secret into a dedicated compartment where crystallization occurs. The dynamics of vesicle motion and the molecular mechanisms that control it, are not well understood. Sea urchin larval skeletogenesis provides an excellent platform for investigating the kinetics of mineral-bearing vesicles. Here we used lattice light-sheet microscopy to study the three-dimensional (3D) dynamics of calcium-bearing vesicles in the cells of normal sea urchin embryos and of embryos where skeletogenesis is blocked through the inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR). We developed computational tools for displaying 3D-volumetric movies and for automatically quantifying vesicle dynamics. Our findings imply that calcium vesicles perform an active diffusion motion in both, calcifying (skeletogenic) and non-calcifying (ectodermal) cells of the embryo. The diffusion coefficient and vesicle speed are larger in the mesenchymal skeletogenic cells compared to the epithelial ectodermal cells. These differences are possibly due to the distinct mechanical properties of the two tissues, demonstrated by the enhanced f-actin accumulation and myosinII activity in the ectodermal cells compared to the skeletogenic cells. Vesicle motion is not directed toward the biomineralization compartment, but the vesicles slow down when they approach it, and probably bind for mineral deposition. VEGFR inhibition leads to an increase of vesicle volume but hardly changes vesicle kinetics and doesn’t affect f-actin accumulation and myosinII activity. Thus, calcium vesicles perform an active diffusion motion in the cells of the sea urchin embryo, with diffusion length and speed that inversely correlate with the strength of the actomyosin network. Overall, our studies provide an unprecedented view of calcium vesicle 3D-dynamics and point toward cytoskeleton remodeling as an important effector of the motion of mineral-bearing vesicles. Biomineralization is a widespread, fundamental process by which organisms use minerals to harden their tissues. Mineral-bearing vesicles were observed in biomineralizing cells and play an essential role in biomineralization, yet little is known about their three-dimensional (3D) dynamics. Here we quantify 3D-vesicle-dynamics during calcite skeleton formation in sea urchin larvae, using lattice-light-sheet microscopy. We discover that calcium vesicles perform a diffusive motion in both calcifying and non-calcifying cells of the embryo. The diffusion coefficient and vesicle speed are higher in the mesenchymal skeletogenic cells compared to the epithelial ectodermal cells. This difference is possibly due to the higher rigidity of the ectodermal cells as demonstrated by the enhanced signal of f-actin and myosinII activity in these cells compared to the skeletogenic cells. The motion of the vesicles in the skeletogenic cells, is not directed toward the biomineralization compartment but the vesicles slow down near it, possibly to deposit their content. Blocking skeletogenesis through the inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR), increases vesicle volume but doesn’t change the diffusion mode and the cytoskeleton markers in the cells. Our studies reveal the active diffusive motion of mineral bearing vesicles that is apparently defined by the mechanical properties of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Winter
- Marine Biology Department, Charney School of Marine Sciences, the University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail: (MRW); (SBD)
| | - Miri Morgulis
- Marine Biology Department, Charney School of Marine Sciences, the University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tsvia Gildor
- Marine Biology Department, Charney School of Marine Sciences, the University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrew R. Cohen
- Dept of Electrical Engineering, Drexel University, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Smadar Ben-Tabou de-Leon
- Marine Biology Department, Charney School of Marine Sciences, the University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail: (MRW); (SBD)
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5
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Wang J, Liu S, Shi J, Liu H, Li J, Zhao S, Yi Z. The Role of lncRNAs in Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:243-249. [PMID: 31880266 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666191227113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) are one of the primary cells found in the bone marrow, and they can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and even myoblasts, and are, therefore, considered pluripotent cells. Because of their multipotential differentiation, selfrenewal capability, immunomodulation and other potential activities, BMSCs have become an important source of seed cells for gene therapy, tissue engineering, cell replacement therapy and regenerative medicine. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an RNA molecule greater than 200 nucleotides in length that is expressed in a variety of species, including animals, plants, yeast, prokaryotes, and viruses, but lacks an apparent open reading frame, and does not have the function of translation into proteins. Many studies have shown that lncRNAs play an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Here, we describe the role of lncRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, in order to provide a new theoretical and experimental basis for bone tissue engineering and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China.,Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Shizhang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Jiyuan Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Huitong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China.,Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Zhi Yi
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
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6
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Qin W, Liu L, Wang Y, Wang Z, Yang A, Wang T. Mir-494 inhibits osteoblast differentiation by regulating BMP signaling in simulated microgravity. Endocrine 2019; 65:426-439. [PMID: 31129811 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the BMPR-SMAD-RUNX2 signaling pathway plays widely recognized roles in BMP-induced osteogenesis, factors regulating this pathway remain to be defined. In this study, we used simulated microgravity models, which represent mechanical unloading conditions, to detect miRNAs that function in osteoblast differentiation. We found that miR-494 was persistently increased in C2C12 cells subjected to clinorotation conditions and in osteoblasts isolated from tail-suspended rats. Experiments showed that the overexpression of miR-494 correlated with a marked reduction in osteoblast differentiation genes and a decrease in osteogenesis in BMP2-induced osteogenetic differentiation. In contrast, the inhibition of miR-494 promoted BMP2-induced osteogenesis and partially rescued osteoblast differentiation disorder under simulated microgravity conditions. Mechanism studies revealed that miR-494 directly targeted BMPR2 and RUNX2, both of which play vital roles in the BMPR-SMAD-RUNX2 signaling pathway. More importantly, we demonstrated a positive feedback loop between miR-494 and MYOD, a critical transcription factor for myogenesis, indicating that miR-494 may participate in deciding cell fate of the multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Collectively, our study reveals an important role for miR-494 in regulating osteogenesis, the identification of which not only clarifies a regulator of BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation, but also offers a possible strategy for preventing bone loss under microgravity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiWei Qin
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, China
| | - YongChun Wang
- Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - AnGang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
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7
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Martínez-Calleja A, Cruz R, Miranda-Sánchez M, Fragoso-Soriano R, Vega-López MA, Kouri JB. Latexin expression correlated with mineralization of articular cartilage during progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in a rat model. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:269-278. [PMID: 31313823 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As latexin has been linked with chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation it is possible that this protein may also be involved in the mineralization of cartilage in OA. Therefore, we correlated latexin expression with the mineralization marker, alkaline phosphatase and determined the mineral deposition in the articular cartilage by analyzing the Ca/P ratio and the collagen fibrils pattern, during the progression of post-traumatic OA in a rat model. OA was induced by medial meniscectomy and post-surgery exercise for 5, 10, 20 and 45 days. Protein expression in articular cartilage was evaluated by immunofluorescence, histochemistry and Western blot. Minerals and structure of collagen fibrils in the superficial zone of cartilage were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) respectively. Protein expression analysis showed time-dependent up-regulation of latexin during OA progression. In the cartilage, latexin expression correlated with the expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase. EDX of the superficial zone of cartilage showed a Ca/P ratio closer to theoretical values for basic calcium phosphate minerals. The presence of minerals was also analyzed indirectly with AFM, as the collagen fibril pattern was less evident in the mineralized tissue. Latexin is expressed in articular cartilage from the early stages of post-traumatic OA; however, minerals were detected after latexin expression was up-regulated, indicating that its activity precedes and remains during the pathological mineralization of cartilage. Thus, our results contribute to the identification of molecules involved in the mineralization of articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- América Martínez-Calleja
- Department of Infectomic and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the Polytechnic National Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raymundo Cruz
- Department of Infectomic and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the Polytechnic National Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Magdalena Miranda-Sánchez
- Department of Infectomic and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the Polytechnic National Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Fragoso-Soriano
- Department of Physics, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the Polytechnic National Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco A Vega-López
- Department of Infectomic and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the Polytechnic National Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Juan B Kouri
- Department of Infectomic and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the Polytechnic National Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Li D, Yu K, Xiao T, Dai Y, Liu L, Li H, Jiang D, Xiong L. LOC103691336/miR-138-5p/BMPR2 axis modulates Mg-mediated osteogenic differentiation in rat femoral fracture model and rat primary bone marrow stromal cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21316-21330. [PMID: 31081160 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intramedullary stabilization is frequently used to treat long bone fractures. Since implant removal can become technically very challenging with the potential to cause further tissue damage, biodegradable materials are emerging as alternative options. Magnesium (Mg)-based biodegradable implants have a controllable degradation rate and good tissue compatibility, which makes them attractive for musculoskeletal research. Herein, the degradation of Mg and steel implants, the pathological characteristics and osteoblast differentiation in mice femora were examined. To investigate the molecular mechanism, we analyzed the differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in Mg-implanted or stain-steel-implanted callus tissues. lncRNA LOC103691336 was upregulated in Mg-implanted tissues and most relevant to BMPR2, a kinase receptor of BMPs with an established role in osteogenesis. The knockdown of LOC103691336 attenuated Mg-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, miR-138-5p, previously reported to inhibit osteogenic differentiation, could bind to LOC103691336 and BMPR2 in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). LOC103691336 competed with BMPR2 for miR-138-5p binding in BMSCs to attenuate the inhibitory effect of miR-138-5p on BMPR2 expression. Finally, the effect of LOC103691336 knockdown on Mg-mediated osteogenic differentiation could be attenuated by miR-138-5p inhibition. In conclusion, we provided a novel mechanism of Mg implants mediating the osteogenesis differentiation and demonstrated that Mg implants may be promising for improving fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yilong Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Dayue Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Guillem-Marti J, Gelabert M, Heras-Parets A, Pegueroles M, Ginebra MP, Manero JM. RGD Mutation of the Heparin Binding II Fragment of Fibronectin for Guiding Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behavior on Titanium Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3666-3678. [PMID: 30607934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Installing bioactivity on metallic biomaterials by mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for stimulating specific cellular responses to ultimately promote tissue regeneration. Fibronectin is an ECM protein commonly used for biomaterial functionalization. The use of fibronectin recombinant fragments is an attractive alternate to the use of full-length fibronectin because of the relatively low cost and facility of purification. However, it is necessary to combine more than one fragment, for example, the cell attachment site and the heparin binding II (HBII), either mixed or in one molecule, to obtain complete activity. In the present study, we proposed to install adhesion capacity to the HBII fragment by an RGD gain-of-function DNA mutation, retaining its cell differentiation capacity and thereby producing a small and very active protein fragment. The novel molecule, covalently immobilized onto titanium surfaces, maintained the growth factor-binding capacity and stimulated cell spreading, osteoblastic cell differentiation, and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells compared to the HBII native protein. These results highlight the potential capacity of gain-of-function DNA mutations in the design of novel molecules for the improvement of osseointegration properties of metallic implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
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10
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Luttrell LM, Dar MS, Gesty-Palmer D, El-Shewy HM, Robinson KM, Haycraft CJ, Barth JL. Transcriptomic characterization of signaling pathways associated with osteoblastic differentiation of MC-3T3E1 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0204197. [PMID: 30608923 PMCID: PMC6319725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling involves the coordinated actions of osteoclasts, which resorb the calcified bony matrix, and osteoblasts, which refill erosion pits created by osteoclasts to restore skeletal integrity and adapt to changes in mechanical load. Osteoblasts are derived from pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell precursors, which undergo differentiation under the influence of a host of local and environmental cues. To characterize the autocrine/paracrine signaling networks associated with osteoblast maturation and function, we performed gene network analysis using complementary “agnostic” DNA microarray and “targeted” NanoString nCounter datasets derived from murine MC3T3-E1 cells induced to undergo synchronized osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Pairwise datasets representing changes in gene expression associated with growth arrest (day 2 to 5 in culture), differentiation (day 5 to 10 in culture), and osteoblast maturation (day 10 to 28 in culture) were analyzed using Ingenuity Systems Pathways Analysis to generate predictions about signaling pathway activity based on the temporal sequence of changes in target gene expression. Our data indicate that some pathways involved in osteoblast differentiation, e.g. Wnt/β-catenin signaling, are most active early in the process, while others, e.g. TGFβ/BMP, cytokine/JAK-STAT and TNFα/RANKL signaling, increase in activity as differentiation progresses. Collectively, these pathways contribute to the sequential expression of genes involved in the synthesis and mineralization of extracellular matrix. These results provide insight into the temporal coordination and complex interplay between signaling networks controlling gene expression during osteoblast differentiation. A more complete understanding of these processes may aid the discovery of novel methods to promote osteoblast development for the treatment of conditions characterized by low bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M. Luttrell
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Moahad S. Dar
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Diane Gesty-Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hesham M. El-Shewy
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Courtney J. Haycraft
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Jeremy L. Barth
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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11
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the transforming growth factor-β family of ligands. BMPs exhibit widespread utility and pleiotropic, context-dependent effects, and the strength and duration of BMP pathway signaling is tightly regulated at numerous levels via mechanisms operating both inside and outside the cell. Defects in the BMP pathway or its regulation underlie multiple human diseases of different organ systems. Yet much remains to be discovered about the BMP pathway in its original context, i.e., the skeleton. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intricacies of the BMP pathway and its inhibitors in bone development, homeostasis, and disease. We frame the content of the review around major unanswered questions for which incomplete evidence is available. First, we consider the gene regulatory network downstream of BMP signaling in osteoblastogenesis. Next, we examine why some BMP ligands are more osteogenic than others and what factors limit BMP signaling during osteoblastogenesis. Then we consider whether specific BMP pathway components are required for normal skeletal development, and if the pathway exerts endogenous effects in the aging skeleton. Finally, we propose two major areas of need of future study by the field: greater resolution of the gene regulatory network downstream of BMP signaling in the skeleton, and an expanded repertoire of reagents to reliably and specifically inhibit individual BMP pathway components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lowery
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana ; and Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana ; and Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Diomede F, D'Aurora M, Gugliandolo A, Merciaro I, Ettorre V, Bramanti A, Piattelli A, Gatta V, Mazzon E, Fontana A, Trubiani O. A novel role in skeletal segment regeneration of extracellular vesicles released from periodontal-ligament stem cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3805-3825. [PMID: 29988728 PMCID: PMC6029600 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s162836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The combination of oral derived stem cells and 3-D scaffolds is considered advantageous in bone repair. In particular, collagen membranes possess ideal biological properties and can support infiltration and proliferation of osteoblasts, promoting bone regeneration. Our study aimed to develop a new biocompatible osteogenic construct composed of a commercially available collagen membrane (Evolution [Evo]), human periodontal-ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) enriched with extracellular vesicles (EVs), or polyethylenimine (PEI)-engineered EVs (PEI-EVs). Methods Osteogenic ability and expression of osteogenic genes were evaluated in vitro in hPDLSCs cultured with or without Evo, with Evo and EVs, or PEI-EVs. In addition, the bone-regeneration capacity of Evo, Evo enriched with hPDLSCs, Evo enriched with hPDLSCs and EVs/PEI-EVs was investigated in rats subjected to calvarial defects. Results Our results showed that Evo enriched with EVs and PEI-EVs showed high biocompatibility and osteogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. In addition, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the upregulation of osteogenic genes, such as TGFB1, MMP8, TUFT1, TFIP11, BMP2, and BMP4, in the presence of PEI-EVs. Upregulation of BMP2/4 was confirmed for Evo enriched with PEI-EVs and hPDLSCs both in vitro by Western blot and in vivo by immunofluorescence. Conclusion Our results indicated that Evo enriched with hPDLSCs and PEI-EVs is able to promote a bone-regeneration process for the treatment of calvarium and ossification defects caused by accidental or surgery trauma. In particular, PEI-EVs had a significant role in activation of the osteogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco D'Aurora
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- Department of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy,
| | - Ilaria Merciaro
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Ettorre
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Department of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy, .,Eduardo Caianiello Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Department of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy,
| | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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13
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Araya HF, Sepulveda H, Lizama CO, Vega OA, Jerez S, Briceño PF, Thaler R, Riester SM, Antonelli M, Salazar-Onfray F, Rodríguez JP, Moreno RD, Montecino M, Charbonneau M, Dubois CM, Stein GS, van Wijnen AJ, Galindo MA. Expression of the ectodomain-releasing protease ADAM17 is directly regulated by the osteosarcoma and bone-related transcription factor RUNX2. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8204-8219. [PMID: 29923217 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is controlled by transcription factor RUNX2 which temporally activates or represses several bone-related genes, including those encoding extracellular matrix proteins or factors that control cell-cell, and cell-matrix interactions. Cell-cell communication in the many skeletal pericellular micro-niches is critical for bone development and involves paracrine secretion of growth factors and morphogens. This paracrine signaling is in part regulated by "A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase" (ADAM) proteins. These cell membrane-associated metalloproteinases support proteolytic release ("shedding") of protein ectodomains residing at the cell surface. We analyzed microarray and RNA-sequencing data for Adam genes and show that Adam17, Adam10, and Adam9 are stimulated during BMP2 mediated induction of osteogenic differentiation and are robustly expressed in human osteoblastic cells. ADAM17, which was initially identified as a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) converting enzyme also called (TACE), regulates TNFα-signaling pathway, which inhibits osteoblast differentiation. We demonstrate that Adam17 expression is suppressed by RUNX2 during osteoblast differentiation through the proximal Adam17 promoter region (-0.4 kb) containing two functional RUNX2 binding motifs. Adam17 downregulation during osteoblast differentiation is paralleled by increased RUNX2 expression, cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation and enhanced binding to the Adam17 proximal promoter. Forced expression of Adam17 reduces Runx2 and Alpl expression, indicating that Adam17 may negatively modulate osteoblast differentiation. These findings suggest a novel regulatory mechanism involving a reciprocal Runx2-Adam17 negative feedback loop to regulate progression through osteoblast differentiation. Our results suggest that RUNX2 may control paracrine signaling through regulation of ectodomain shedding at the cell surface of osteoblasts by directly suppressing Adam17 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor F Araya
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Sepulveda
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar A Vega
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofia Jerez
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro F Briceño
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Scott M Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marcelo Antonelli
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Rodríguez
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo D Moreno
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Montecino
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martine Charbonneau
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claire M Dubois
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, The Robert Larner MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mario A Galindo
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Shim KS, Lee B, Ma JY. Water extract of Rumex crispus prevents bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and inducing osteoblast mineralization. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:483. [PMID: 29070038 PMCID: PMC5657118 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Rumex crispus root has traditionally been used in Asian medicine for the treatment of hemorrhage and dermatolosis. The aim of this study was to explore the pharmaceutical effects of water extract of Rumex crispus (WERC) on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. We also studied the effect of WERC on the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced trabecular bone destruction mice model. Methods High performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to identify three compounds (emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) of WERC. The in vivo effect of WERC was examined using an administration of WERC or vehicle on the ICR mice with bone loss induced by intraperitoneal RANKL injection on day 0 and 1. All mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at day 7 and the femurs of mice were isolated for soft X-ray and Micro-CT analysis. The in vitro effect of WERC on osteoblast mineralization or osteoclast differentiation was examined by alizarin red S staining or by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and assay. To determine the transcription level of osteoblast or osteoclast-specific genes, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used. Western blot analysis was performed to study the effect of WERC on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling molecules. Results The presence of three compounds in WERC was determined. WERC significantly suppressed RANKL-induced trabecular bone loss by preventing microstructural deterioration. In vitro, WERC increased osteoblast mineralization by enhancing the transcription of runt-related transcription factor 2 and its transcriptional coactivators, and by stimulating extracellular signal–regulated kinase phosphorylation. Furthermore, WERC significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the activation of the RANKL signalings (MAPK and NF-κB) and the increasing inhibitory factors of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1. Conclusion This study showed that WERC could protect against osteoporosis and suggested that the possible mechanism of WERC might be related to increased osteoblast differentiation by activating Runx2 signaling and inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by suppression of RANKL signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-017-1986-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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15
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Lukasova V, Buzgo M, Sovkova V, Dankova J, Rampichova M, Amler E. Osteogenic differentiation of 3D cultured mesenchymal stem cells induced by bioactive peptides. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28714176 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bioactive peptides derived from receptor binding motifs of native proteins are a potent source of bioactive molecules that can induce signalling pathways. These peptides could substitute for osteogenesis promoting supplements. The work presented here compares three kinds of bioactive peptides derived from collagen III, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) and BMP-2 with their potential osteogenic activity on the model of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS pMSCs were cultured on electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffolds with different concentrations of the bioactive peptides without addition of any osteogenic supplement. Analysis of pMSCs cultures included measurement of the metabolic activity and proliferation, immunofluorescence staining and also qPCR. RESULTS Results showed no detrimental effect of the bioactive peptides to cultured pMSCs. Based on qPCR analysis, the bioactive peptides are specific for osteogenic differentiation with no detectable expression of collagen II. Our results further indicate that peptide derived from BMP-2 protein promoted the expression of mRNA for osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen I significantly compared to control groups and also supported deposition of OCN as observed by immunostaining method. CONCLUSION The data suggest that bioactive peptide with an amino acid sequence of KIPKASSVPTELSAISTLYL derived from BMP-2 protein was the most potent for triggering osteogenic differentiation of pMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lukasova
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Buzgo
- Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague, Bustehrad, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Sovkova
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dankova
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Rampichova
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague, Bustehrad, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Amler
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague, Bustehrad, Czech Republic
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16
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Liedtke S, Sacchetti B, Laitinen A, Donsante S, Klöckers R, Laitinen S, Riminucci M, Kogler G. Low oxygen tension reveals distinct HOX codes in human cord blood-derived stromal cells associated with specific endochondral ossification capacities in vitro and in vivo. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2725-2736. [PMID: 27214005 DOI: 10.1002/term.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Effects of oxygen tension on the generation, expansion, proliferation and differentiation of stromal cell types is widely described in the literature. However, data on the internal heterogeneity of applied cell populations at different O2 levels and possible impacts on differentiation potentials are controversial. Here, the expression of 39 human HOX genes was determined in neonatal cord blood stromal cells and linked to differentiation-associated signatures. In cord blood, unrestricted somatic stromal cells (USSCs), lacking HOX gene expression, and cord blood-derived multipotent stromal cells (CB-MSCs), expressing about 20 HOX genes, are distinguished by their specific HOX code. Interestingly, 74% of the clones generated at 21% O2 were HOX-negative USSCs, whereas 73% of upcoming clones at 3% O2 were HOX-positive CB-MSCs. In order to better categorize distinct cell lines generated at 3% O2 , the expression of all 39 HOX genes within HOX clusters A, B, C and D were tested and new subtypes defined: cells negative in all four HOX clusters (USSCs); cells positive in all four clusters (CB-MSCsABCD ); and subpopulations missing a single cluster (CB-MSCsACD and CB-MSCsBCD ). Comprehensive qPCR analyses of established chondro-osteomarkers revealed subtype-specific signatures verifiably associated with in vitro and in vivo differentiation capacity. The data presented here underline the necessity of better characterizing distinct cell populations at a clonal level, taking advantage of the inherent specific HOX code as a distinguishing feature between individual subtypes. Moreover, the correlation of subtype-specific molecular signatures with in vitro and in vivo bone formation is discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Liedtke
- Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical Centre, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Benedetto Sacchetti
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anita Laitinen
- Research and Development, Medical Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samantha Donsante
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Klöckers
- Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical Centre, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saara Laitinen
- Research and Development, Medical Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gesine Kogler
- Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical Centre, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Liu S, Sun G, Yuan B, Zhang L, Gao Y, Jiang H, Dai L, Zhang J. miR-375 negatively regulates porcine preadipocyte differentiation by targeting BMPR2. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1417-27. [PMID: 27059117 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of preadipocytes into adipose tissues is tightly regulated by various factors including miRNAs and cytokines. In this study, taking advantage of isolated porcine primary preadipocytes, we showed that ectopic expression of miR-375 could change preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) was identified as a direct target of miR-375. Silencing BMPR2 had the same inhibition effects as overexpressing miR-375 on the preadipocyte differentiation. Together, we demonstrated that miR-375 is a negative regulator of adipogenic differentiation using porcine primary preadipocytes. These results clarified the role of miR-375 in ex vivo adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangjie Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lianjiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lisheng Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Deckx S, Heymans S, Papageorgiou AP. The diverse functions of osteoglycin: a deceitful dwarf, or a master regulator of disease? FASEB J 2016; 30:2651-61. [PMID: 27080639 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500096r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Small leucine-rich proteoglycans are emerging as important regulatory proteins within the extracellular matrix, where they exert both structural and nonstructural functions and hence are modulators of numerous biological processes, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and cell proliferation. One proteoglycan in particular, osteoglycin (OGN), also known as mimecan, shows great structural and functional diversity in normal physiology and in disease states, therefore making it a very interesting candidate for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Unfortunately, the literature on OGN is confusing, as it has different names, and different transcript and protein variants have been identified. This review will give a clear overview of the different structures and functions of OGN that have been identified to date, portray its central role in pathophysiology, and highlight the importance of posttranslational processing, such as glycosylation, for the diversity of its functions.-Deckx, S., Heymans, S., Papageorgiou, A.-P. The diverse functions of osteoglycin: a deceitful dwarf, or a master regulator of disease?
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Deckx
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna-Pia Papageorgiou
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Yu S, Geng Q, Pan Q, Liu Z, Ding S, Xiang Q, Sun F, Wang C, Huang Y, Hong A. MiR-690, a Runx2-targeted miRNA, regulates osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 myogenic progenitor cells by targeting NF-kappaB p65. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:10. [PMID: 26877865 PMCID: PMC4751671 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is a cell-fate-determining factor that controls osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. It has been previously demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in osteogenesis. However, the Runx2-regulated miRNAs that have been reported thus far are limited. In this study, we pursued to identify these miRNAs in Tet-on stable C2C12 cell line (C2C12/Runx2(Dox) subline). RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed that alterations in miRNA expression occur with 54 miRNAs. Among these miRNAs, miR-690 was identified as a positive regulator of Runx2-induced osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells through gain- and loss-of-function assays. Expression of miR-690 is induced by Runx2, which binds directly to the putative promoter of mir-690 (Mirn690). The miR-690 proceeds to inhibit translation of the messenger RNA encoding the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65 whose overexpression inhibits Runx2-induced osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a downstream target of NF-κB pathway, is upregulated by p65 overexpression but significantly downregulated during this differentiation process. Furthermore, overexpression of IL-6 impedes the expression of osteocalcin, a defined marker of late osteoblast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results suggest that the miR-690 transactivated by Runx2 acts as a positive regulator of Runx2-induced osteogenic differentiation by inactivating the NF-κB pathway via the downregulation of the subunit p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhe Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Lab for Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Lab for Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Central Laboratory, People's 10th Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Lab for Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory, People's 10th Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Lab for Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Lab for Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China
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20
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Hurley MM, Adams DJ, Wang L, Jiang X, Burt PM, Du E, Xiao L. Accelerated fracture healing in transgenic mice overexpressing an anabolic isoform of fibroblast growth factor 2. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:599-611. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marja M. Hurley
- Department of Medicine; University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UCONN Health; Farmington Connecticut 06030-052
| | - Douglas J. Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UCONN Health; Farmington Connecticut 06030-052
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences; University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, UCONN Health; Farmington Connecticut 06030-052
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences; University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, UCONN Health; Farmington Connecticut 06030-052
| | - Patience Meo Burt
- Department of Medicine; University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UCONN Health; Farmington Connecticut 06030-052
| | - Erxia Du
- Department of Medicine; University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UCONN Health; Farmington Connecticut 06030-052
| | - Liping Xiao
- Department of Medicine; University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UCONN Health; Farmington Connecticut 06030-052
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Rojas A, Aguilar R, Henriquez B, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS, van Wijnen AJ, van Zundert B, Allende ML, Montecino M. Epigenetic Control of the Bone-master Runx2 Gene during Osteoblast-lineage Commitment by the Histone Demethylase JARID1B/KDM5B. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28329-28342. [PMID: 26453309 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.657825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Runx2 controls bone development and osteoblast differentiation by regulating expression of a significant number of bone-related target genes. Here, we report that transcriptional activation and repression of the Runx2 gene via its osteoblast-specific P1 promoter (encoding mRNA for the Runx2/p57 isoform) is accompanied by selective deposition and elimination of histone marks during differentiation of mesenchymal cells to the osteogenic and myoblastic lineages. These epigenetic profiles are mediated by key components of the Trithorax/COMPASS-like and Polycomb group complexes together with histone arginine methylases like PRMT5 and lysine demethylases like JARID1B/KDM5B. Importantly, knockdown of the H3K4me2/3 demethylase JARID1B, but not of the demethylases UTX and NO66, prevents repression of the Runx2 P1 promoter during myogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells. The epigenetically forced expression of Runx2/p57 and osteocalcin, a classical bone-related target gene, under myoblastic-differentiation is accompanied by enrichment of the H3K4me3 and H3K27ac marks at the Runx2 P1 promoter region. Our results identify JARID1B as a key component of a potent epigenetic switch that controls mesenchymal cell fate into myogenic and osteogenic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rojas
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile; Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7800003, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Aguilar
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Berta Henriquez
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile
| | - Jane B Lian
- University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Janet L Stein
- University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Gary S Stein
- University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | | | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile
| | - Miguel L Allende
- Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7800003, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Montecino
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile.
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22
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Cao Y, LV Q, LV C. MicroRNA-153 suppresses the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by targeting bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:760-6. [PMID: 26151470 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is of great importance for improving the treatment of bone-related diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, are critical in a number of biological processes, including the proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells and organisms. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs are essential in regulating osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. However, the role of miRNAs in osteoblast mechanotransduction remains to be defined. The present study aimed to examine the role of miR-153 in the osteogenesis of hMSCs and to investigate the impact of miR-153 on bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) expression. The overexpression of miR-153 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, whereas downregulation of miR-153 enhanced the process. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis predicted that miR-153 is a potential regulator of BMPR2. The direct binding of miR-153 to the BMPR2 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) was demonstrated by a luciferase reporter assay using a construct containing the BMPR2 3'-UTR. In addition, knockdown of BMPR2 by RNA interference inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, with a similar effect to the upregulation of miR-153. In conclusion, the results suggest that miR-153 is a mechano-sensitive miRNA that regulates osteoblast differentiation by directly targeting BMPR2, and that therapeutic inhibition of miR-153 may be an efficient anabolic strategy for skeletal disorders caused by pathological mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Cao
- Henan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia LV
- Henan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Cuitian LV
- Basic Medicine College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
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Seifert A, Werheid DF, Knapp SM, Tobiasch E. Role of Hox genes in stem cell differentiation. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:583-595. [PMID: 25914765 PMCID: PMC4404393 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hox genes are an evolutionary highly conserved gene family. They determine the anterior-posterior body axis in bilateral organisms and influence the developmental fate of cells. Embryonic stem cells are usually devoid of any Hox gene expression, but these transcription factors are activated in varying spatial and temporal patterns defining the development of various body regions. In the adult body, Hox genes are among others responsible for driving the differentiation of tissue stem cells towards their respective lineages in order to repair and maintain the correct function of tissues and organs. Due to their involvement in the embryonic and adult body, they have been suggested to be useable for improving stem cell differentiations in vitro and in vivo. In many studies Hox genes have been found as driving factors in stem cell differentiation towards adipogenesis, in lineages involved in bone and joint formation, mainly chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, in cardiovascular lineages including endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiations, and in neurogenesis. As life expectancy is rising, the demand for tissue reconstruction continues to increase. Stem cells have become an increasingly popular choice for creating therapies in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and differentiation potential. Especially mesenchymal stem cells are used more and more frequently due to their easy handling and accessibility, combined with a low tumorgenicity and little ethical concerns. This review therefore intends to summarize to date known correlations between natural Hox gene expression patterns in body tissues and during the differentiation of various stem cells towards their respective lineages with a major focus on mesenchymal stem cell differentiations. This overview shall help to understand the complex interactions of Hox genes and differentiation processes all over the body as well as in vitro for further improvement of stem cell treatments in future regenerative medicine approaches.
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Association of bone loss with the upregulation of survival-related genes and concomitant downregulation of Mammalian target of rapamycin and osteoblast differentiation-related genes in the peripheral blood of late postmenopausal osteoporotic women. J Osteoporos 2015; 2015:802694. [PMID: 25759764 PMCID: PMC4338391 DOI: 10.1155/2015/802694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify bone related markers in the peripheral blood of osteoporotic (OP) patients that pointed toward molecular mechanisms underlying late postmenopausal bone loss. Whole blood from 22 late postmenopausal OP patients and 26 healthy subjects was examined. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DXA. Protein levels of p70-S6K, p21, MMP-9, TGFβ1, and caspase-3 were quantified by ELISA. Gene expression was measured using real-time RT-PCR. OP registered by low BMD indices in late postmenopausal patients was associated with a significant upregulation of autophagy protein ULK1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, and metalloproteinase MMP-9 gene expression in the blood compared to the healthy controls and in a significant downregulation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), RUNX2, and ALPL gene expression, while expression of cathepsin K, caspase-3, transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was not significantly affected. We also observed a positive correlation between TGFβ1 and RUNX2 expression and BMD at femoral sites in these patients. Therefore, bone loss in late postmenopausal OP patients is associated with a significant upregulation of survival-related genes (ULK1 and p21) and MMP-9, as well as the downregulation of mTOR and osteoblast differentiation-related genes (RUNX2 and ALPL) in the peripheral blood compared to the healthy controls.
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Prashar P, Yadav PS, Samarjeet F, Bandyopadhyay A. Microarray meta-analysis identifies evolutionarily conserved BMP signaling targets in developing long bones. Dev Biol 2014; 389:192-207. [PMID: 24583261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, BMP signaling has been demonstrated to be sufficient for bone formation in several tissue contexts. This suggests that genes necessary for bone formation are expressed in a BMP signaling dependent manner. However, till date no gene has been reported to be expressed in a BMP signaling dependent manner in bone. Our aim was to identify such genes. On searching the literature we found that several microarray experiments have been conducted where the transcriptome of osteogenic cells in absence and presence of BMP signaling activation have been compared. However, till date, there is no evidence to suggest that any of the genes found to be upregulated in presence of BMP signaling in these microarray analyses is indeed a target of BMP signaling in bone. We wanted to utilize this publicly available information to identify candidate BMP signaling target genes in vivo. We performed a meta-analysis of six such comparable microarray datasets. This analysis and subsequent experiments led to the identification of five targets of BMP signaling in bone that are conserved both in mouse and chick. Of these Lox, Klf10 and Gpr97 are likely to be direct transcriptional targets of BMP signaling pathway. Dpysl3, is a novel BMP signaling target identified in our study. Our data demonstrate that Dpysl3 is important for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells and is involved in cell secretion. We have demonstrated that the expression of Dpysl3 is co-operatively regulated by BMP signaling and Runx2. Based on our experimental data, in silico analysis of the putative promoter-enhancer regions of Bmp target genes and existing literature, we hypothesize that BMP signaling collaborates with multiple signaling pathways to regulate the expression of a unique set of genes involved in endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Prashar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prem Swaroop Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fnu Samarjeet
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amitabha Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Yang G, Yuan G, Li X, Liu P, Chen Z, Fan M. BMP-2 Induction of Dlx3 Expression Is Mediated by p38/Smad5 Signaling Pathway in Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:943-54. [PMID: 24647893 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Guohua Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Pingxian Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Mingwen Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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27
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Balakrishnan L, Nirujogi RS, Ahmad S, Bhattacharjee M, Manda SS, Renuse S, Kelkar DS, Subbannayya Y, Raju R, Goel R, Thomas JK, Kaur N, Dhillon M, Tankala SG, Jois R, Vasdev V, Ramachandra Y, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Prasad TK, Mohan S, Gowda H, Shankar S, Pandey A. Proteomic analysis of human osteoarthritis synovial fluid. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:6. [PMID: 24533825 PMCID: PMC3942106 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized mainly by progressive degradation of the hyaline cartilage. Patients with osteoarthritis often postpone seeking medical help, which results in the diagnosis being made at an advanced stage of cartilage destruction. Sustained efforts are needed to identify specific markers that might help in early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression and in improving therapeutic outcomes. We employed a multipronged proteomic approach, which included multiple fractionation strategies followed by high resolution mass spectrometry analysis to explore the proteome of synovial fluid obtained from osteoarthritis patients. In addition to the total proteome, we also enriched glycoproteins from synovial fluid using lectin affinity chromatography. Results We identified 677 proteins from synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis of which 545 proteins have not been previously reported. These novel proteins included ADAM-like decysin 1 (ADAMDEC1), alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase (ANPEP), CD84, fibulin 1 (FBLN1), matrix remodelling associated 5 (MXRA5), secreted phosphoprotein 2 (SPP2) and spondin 2 (SPON2). We identified 300 proteins using lectin affinity chromatography, including the glycoproteins afamin (AFM), attractin (ATRN), fibrillin 1 (FBN1), transferrin (TF), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) and vasorin (VSN). Gene ontology analysis confirmed that a majority of the identified proteins were extracellular and are mostly involved in cell communication and signaling. We also confirmed the expression of ANPEP, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3 (DKK3) and osteoglycin (OGN) by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis of osteoarthritis synovial fluid samples. Conclusions We present an in-depth analysis of the synovial fluid proteome from patients with osteoarthritis. We believe that the catalog of proteins generated in this study will further enhance our knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and should assist in identifying better biomarkers for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Subramanian Shankar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040, India.
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28
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Spinal fusion in the next generation: gene and cell therapy approaches. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:406159. [PMID: 24672316 PMCID: PMC3927763 DOI: 10.1155/2014/406159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fusion represents a challenge in the orthopedics practice, being especially indicated for spine disorders. Spinal fusion can be defined as the bony union between two vertebral bodies obtained through the surgical introduction of an osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic compound. Autogenous bone graft provides all these three qualities and is considered the gold standard. However, a high morbidity is associated with the harvest procedure. Intensive research efforts have been spent during the last decades to develop new approaches and technologies for successful spine fusion. In recent years, cell and gene therapies have attracted great interest from the scientific community. The improved knowledge of both mesenchymal stem cell biology and osteogenic molecules allowed their use in regenerative medicine, representing attractive approaches to achieve bone regeneration also in spinal surgery applications. In this review we aim to describe the developing gene- and cell-based bone regenerative approaches as promising future trends in spine fusion.
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29
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Halcsik E, Forni MF, Fujita A, Verano-Braga T, Jensen ON, Sogayar MC. New insights in osteogenic differentiation revealed by mass spectrometric assessment of phosphorylated substrates in murine skin mesenchymal cells. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:47. [PMID: 24148232 PMCID: PMC3819743 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone fractures and loss represent significant costs for the public health system and often affect the patients quality of life, therefore, understanding the molecular basis for bone regeneration is essential. Cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα, secreted by inflammatory cells at the lesion site, at the very beginning of the repair process, act as chemotactic factors for mesenchymal stem cells, which proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts through the autocrine and paracrine action of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), mainly BMP-2. Although it is known that BMP-2 binds to ActRI/BMPR and activates the SMAD 1/5/8 downstream effectors, little is known about the intracellular mechanisms participating in osteoblastic differentiation. We assessed differences in the phosphorylation status of different cellular proteins upon BMP-2 osteogenic induction of isolated murine skin mesenchymal stem cells using Triplex Stable Isotope Dimethyl Labeling coupled with LC/MS. Results From 150 μg of starting material, 2,264 proteins were identified and quantified at five different time points, 235 of which are differentially phosphorylated. Kinase motif analysis showed that several substrates display phosphorylation sites for Casein Kinase, p38, CDK and JNK. Gene ontology analysis showed an increase in biological processes related with signaling and differentiation at early time points after BMP2 induction. Moreover, proteins involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement, Wnt and Ras pathways were found to be differentially phosphorylated during all timepoints studied. Conclusions Taken together, these data, allow new insights on the intracellular substrates which are phosphorylated early on during differentiation to BMP2-driven osteoblastic differentiation of skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL/NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
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Pasero M, Giovarelli M, Bucci G, Gherzi R, Briata P. Bone morphogenetic protein/SMAD signaling orients cell fate decision by impairing KSRP-dependent microRNA maturation. Cell Rep 2012; 2:1159-68. [PMID: 23177623 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential regulators of development, physiology, and evolution, and their biogenesis is strictly controlled at multiple levels. Regulatory proteins, such as KSRP, modulate rates and timing of enzymatic reactions responsible for maturation of select miRNAs from their primary transcripts in response to specific stimuli. Here, we show that KSRP silencing in mesenchymal C2C12 cells produces a change in the transcriptome largely overlapping that induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) signaling activation. This induces osteoblastic differentiation while preventing myogenic differentiation. KSRP silencing- and BMP2-dependent myogenic miRNA (myomiR) maturation blockade is required for osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Our results demonstrate that phosphorylated R-SMAD proteins, the transducers of BMP2 signal, associate with phosphorylated KSRP and block its interaction with primary myomiRs. This abrogates KSRP-dependent myomiR maturation, with SMAD4, SMAD5, and SMAD9 silencing being able to rescue KSRP function. Thus, SMAD-induced blockade of KSRP-dependent myomiR maturation is critical for orienting C2C12 cell differentiation toward osteoblastic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pasero
- University of Genova, IRCCS Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera San Martino-IST, 16132 Genova, Italy
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31
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Albers CE, Hofstetter W, Sebald HJ, Sebald W, Siebenrock KA, Klenke FM. L51P - A BMP2 variant with osteoinductive activity via inhibition of Noggin. Bone 2012; 51:401-6. [PMID: 22750402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have to be applied at high concentrations to stimulate bone healing. The limited therapeutic efficacy may be due to the local presence of BMP antagonists such as Noggin. Thus, inhibiting BMP antagonists is an attractive therapeutic option. We hypothesized that the engineered BMP2 variant L51P stimulates osteoinduction by antagonizing Noggin-mediated inhibition of BMP2. Primary murine osteoblasts (OB) were treated with L51P, BMP2, and Noggin. OB proliferation and differentiation were quantified with XTT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. BMP receptor dependent intracellular signaling in OB was evaluated with Smad and p38 MAPK phosphorylation assays. BMP2, Noggin, BMP receptor Ia/Ib/II, osteocalcin, and ALP mRNA expressions were analyzed with real-time PCR. L51P stimulated OB differentiation by blocking Noggin mediated inhibition of BMP2. L51P did not induce OB differentiation directly and did not activate BMP receptor dependent intracellular signaling via the Smad pathway. Treatment of OB cultures with BMP2 but not with L51P resulted in an increased expression of ALP, BMP2, and Noggin mRNA. By inhibiting the BMP antagonist Noggin, L51P enhances BMP2 activity and stimulates osteoinduction without exhibiting direct osteoinductive function. Indirect osteoinduction with L51P seems to be advantageous to osteoinduction with BMP2 as BMP2 stimulates the expression of Noggin thereby self-limiting its own osteoinductive activity. Treatment with L51P is the first protein-based approach available to augment BMP2 induced bone regeneration through inhibition of BMP antagonists. The described strategy may help to decrease the amounts of exogenous BMPs currently required to stimulate bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph E Albers
- Group for Bone Biology and Orthopedic Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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32
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Tanaka KI, Inoue Y, Hendy GN, Canaff L, Katagiri T, Kitazawa R, Komori T, Sugimoto T, Seino S, Kaji H. Interaction of Tmem119 and the bone morphogenetic protein pathway in the commitment of myoblastic into osteoblastic cells. Bone 2012; 51:158-67. [PMID: 22579779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are critical for bone regeneration and induce ectopic bone formation in vivo. The constitutively activating mutation (R206H) of the BMP type 1 receptor, activin A type 1 receptor/activin-like kinase 2 (ACVR1/ALK2), underlies the molecular pathogenesis of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) in which heterotopic ossification occurs in muscle tissue. In the present study, we performed a comparative DNA microarray analysis between stable empty vector- and ALK2(R206H)-transfected mouse myoblastic C2C12 cells. Forty genes were identified whose expression was increased >3.5 times in the experimental group versus the control. The bone formation-related factor, Tmem119, was included in this group. Osteoblast differentiation markers and mineralization were enhanced in C2C12 cells stably expressing Tmem119. Differentiation of myoblastic cells into myotubes was suppressed but differentiation into chondrocytes was little affected. Transcriptional activity of the BMP-2 signaling molecules, Smad1/5, was increased even in the absence of exogenous BMP-2. Endogenous BMP-2 levels positively correlated with Tmem119 levels. A BMP-2/4 neutralizing antibody and dorsomorphin, an ALK2 inhibitor, antagonized Tmem119-enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Tmem119 siRNA antagonized the BMP-2-induced ALP and osteocalcin, but not Runx2 and Osterix, mRNAs, in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, Tmem119 levels were increased by the FOP-associated constitutively activating ALK2 mutation in myoblasts. The data show that Tmem119 promotes the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts and the interaction with the BMP signaling pathway likely occurs downstream of Runx2 and Osterix in myoblasts. Tmem119 may play a critical role in the commitment of myoprogenitor cells to the osteoblast lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Tanaka
- Division of Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Zeng Y, Qu X, Li H, Huang S, Wang S, Xu Q, Lin R, Han Q, Li J, Zhao RC. MicroRNA-100 regulates osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by targeting BMPR2. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2375-81. [PMID: 22684006 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) osteogenic differentiation is of great importance for improving the treatment of bone-related diseases. In this study, we examined the role of microRNA (miR)-100 on the osteogenesis of hASCs. Overexpression of miR-100 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in vitro, whereas downregulation of miR-100 enhanced the process. Target prediction analysis and dual luciferase report assay confirmed that bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) was a direct target of miR-100. Furthermore, knockdown of BMPR2 by RNA interference inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hASCs, similar as the effect of upregulation miR-100. Taken together, our findings imply that miR-100 plays a negative role in osteogenic differentiation and might act through targeting BMPR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Kennedy KD, AnithaChristy SA, Buie LK, Borrás T. Cystatin a, a potential common link for mutant myocilin causative glaucoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36301. [PMID: 22615763 PMCID: PMC3352898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocilin (MYOC) is a 504 aa secreted glycoprotein induced by stress factors in the trabecular meshwork tissue of the eye, where it was discovered. Mutations in MYOC are linked to glaucoma. The glaucoma phenotype of each of the different MYOC mutation varies, but all of them cause elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). In cells, forty percent of wild-type MYOC is cleaved by calpain II, a cysteine protease. This proteolytic process is inhibited by MYOC mutants. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which MYOC mutants cause glaucoma. We constructed adenoviral vectors with variants Q368X, R342K, D380N, K423E, and overexpressed them in human trabecular meshwork cells. We analyzed expression profiles with Affymetrix U133Plus2 GeneChips using wild-type and null viruses as controls. Analysis of trabecular meshwork relevant mechanisms showed that the unfolded protein response (UPR) was the most affected. Search for individual candidate genes revealed that genes that have been historically connected to trabecular meshwork physiology and pathology were altered by the MYOC mutants. Some of those had known MYOC associations (MMP1, PDIA4, CALR, SFPR1) while others did not (EDN1, MGP, IGF1, TAC1). Some, were top-changed in only one mutant (LOXL1, CYP1B1, FBN1), others followed a mutant group pattern. Some of the genes were new (RAB39B, STC1, CXCL12, CSTA). In particular, one selected gene, the cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin A (CSTA), was commonly induced by all mutants and not by the wild-type. Subsequent functional analysis of the selected gene showed that CSTA was able to reduce wild-type MYOC cleavage in primary trabecular meshwork cells while an inactive mutated CSTA was not. These findings provide a new molecular understanding of the mechanisms of MYOC-causative glaucoma and reveal CSTA, a serum biomarker for cancer, as a potential biomarker and drug for the treatment of MYOC-induced glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. David Kennedy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - S. A. AnithaChristy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - LaKisha K. Buie
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Teresa Borrás
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Glait-Santar C, Benayahu D. Regulation of SVEP1 gene expression by 17β-estradiol and TNFα in pre-osteoblastic and mammary adenocarcinoma cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 130:36-44. [PMID: 22265959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of several tumors, including prostate, thyroid and kidney, which display a remarkable predilection for metastasis to bone. The preference to metastasize to bone by tumor cells relies on specific interactions among tumor cells, bone marrow microenvironment and bone cells. Osteomimicry is postulated to enable the survival of tumor cells in the bone tissue. Using gene profiling array and RT-PCR we demonstrated the message expression of few bone matrix proteins in mammary adenocarcinoma cells as well as that of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). A CAM molecule, named SVEP1, was previously shown to be expressed in osteoblastic cells both in vivo and in vitro mediating cell adhesion in the bone-marrow niches. Both estradiol (17βE(2)) and TNFα regulate the expression of adhesion molecules and act in bone-cancer-crosstalk. We focused on differential regulation of SVEP1 gene comparing pre-osteoblastic MBA-15 and mammary adenocarcinoma DA3 cells. 17βE(2) and TNFα activated SVEP1 promoter, increased its message and protein levels in both cell types. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we quantified SVEP1 promoter occupancy by transcription factors; TFIIB, ERα, NF-κB, Sp1 and their binding was also regulated by both factors. By comparing pre-osteoblastic with mammary adenocarcinoma cells, the study expands our understanding of SVEP1 gene expression regulation and it sheds light on its involvement in bone-cancer-microenvironment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Glait-Santar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Mitsunaga K, Kikuchi J, Wada T, Furukawa Y. Latexin regulates the abundance of multiple cellular proteins in hematopoietic stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1138-47. [PMID: 21567403 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Latexin is the only known carboxypeptidase A inhibitor in mammals and shares structural similarity with cystatin C, suggesting that latexin regulates the abundance of as yet unidentified target proteins. A forward genetic approach revealed that latexin is involved in homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mice; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which latexin negatively affects the numbers of HSCs. In this study, we found that latexin is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and is co-localized with the molecules responsible for the interaction of HSCs with a bone marrow niche, such as N-cadherin, Tie2, and Roundabout 4. Latexin-knockout young female mice showed an increase in the numbers of KSL (c-Kit(+)/Sca-1(+)/linegae marker-negative) cells, which may be attributable to enhanced self-renewal because latexin-deficient KSL cells formed more colonies than their wild-type counterparts in methylcellulose culture. Proteomic analysis of Sca-1(+) bone marrow cells demonstrated that latexin ablation reduced the abundance of multiple cellular proteins, including N-cadherin, Tie2, and Roundabout 4. Finally, we found that latexin expression was lost or greatly reduced in approximately 50% of human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. These results imply that latexin inhibits the self-renewal of HSCs by facilitating the lodgment of HSCs within a bone marrow niche to maintain HSC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Mitsunaga
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Baniwal SK, Shah PK, Shi Y, Haduong JH, Declerck YA, Gabet Y, Frenkel B. Runx2 promotes both osteoblastogenesis and novel osteoclastogenic signals in ST2 mesenchymal progenitor cells. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1399-413. [PMID: 21881969 PMCID: PMC5771409 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We profiled the global gene expression of a bone marrow-derived mesenchymal pluripotent cell line in response to Runx2 expression. Besides osteoblast differentiation, Runx2 promoted the osteoclastogenesis of co-cultured splenocytes. This was attributable to the upregulation of many novel osteoclastogenic genes and the downregulation of anti-osteoclastogenic genes. INTRODUCTION In addition to being a master regulator for osteoblast differentiation, Runx2 controls osteoblast-driven osteoclastogenesis. Previous studies profiling gene expression during osteoblast differentiation had limited focus on Runx2 or paid little attention to its role in mediating osteoblast-driven osteoclastogenesis. METHODS ST2/Rx2(dox), a bone marrow-derived mesenchymal pluripotent cell line that expresses Runx2 in response to Doxycycline (Dox), was used to profile Runx2-induced gene expression changes. Runx2-induced osteoblast differentiation was assessed based on alkaline phosphatase staining and expression of classical marker genes. Osteoclastogenic potential was evaluated by TRAP staining of osteoclasts that differentiated from primary murine splenocytes co-cultured with the ST2/Rx2(dox) cells. The BeadChip™ platform (Illumina) was used to interrogate genome-wide expression changes in ST2/Rx2(dox) cultures after treatment with Dox or vehicle for 24 or 48 h. Expression of selected genes was also measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Dox-mediated Runx2 induction in ST2 cells stimulated their own differentiation along the osteoblast lineage and the differentiation of co-cultured splenocytes into osteoclasts. The latter was attributable to the stimulation of osteoclastogenic genes such as Sema7a, Ltc4s, Efnb1, Apcdd1, and Tnc as well as the inhibition of anti-osteoclastogenic genes such as Tnfrsf11b (OPG), Sema3a, Slco2b1, Ogn, Clec2d (Ocil), Il1rn, and Rspo2. CONCLUSION Direct control of osteoblast differentiation and concomitant indirect control of osteoclast differentiation, both through the activity of Runx2 in pre-osteoblasts, constitute a novel mechanism of coordination with a potential crucial role in coupling bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Baniwal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Possible Involvement of Smad Signaling Pathways in Induction of Odontoblastic Properties in KN-3 Cells by Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2: A Growth Factor to Induce Dentin Regeneration. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:258469. [PMID: 22505896 PMCID: PMC3299296 DOI: 10.1155/2012/258469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on growth, differentiation, and intracellular signaling pathways of odontoblast-like cells, KN-3 cells, to clarify molecular mechanisms of odontoblast differentiation during pulp regeneration process. After treatment with BMP-2, the cell morphology, growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the activation and expression of BMP-induced intracellular signaling molecules, such as Smad1/5/8 and Smad6/7, as well as activities of dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), were examined. BMP-2 had no effects on the morphology, growth, or ALP activity of KN-3 cells, whereas it induced the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and expression of Smad6/7. BMP-2 also induced the expressions of DSP and DMP-1. Our results suggest that KN-3 cells may express an odontoblastic phenotype with the addition of BMP-2 through the activation of Smad signaling pathways.
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Tanaka KI, Matsumoto E, Higashimaki Y, Katagiri T, Sugimoto T, Seino S, Kaji H. Role of osteoglycin in the linkage between muscle and bone. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11616-28. [PMID: 22351757 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.292193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between muscle tissues and bone metabolism is incompletely understood. We hypothesized that there might be some humoral factors that are produced in muscle tissues and exhibit bone anabolic activity. We, therefore, performed comparative DNA microarray analysis between mouse myoblastic C2C12 cells transfected with either stable empty vector or ALK2 (R206H), the mutation that constitutively activates the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor, to search for muscle-derived bone anabolic factors. Twenty-five genes whose expression was decreased to <1/4, were identified; these included osteoglycin (OGN). Stable overexpression of OGN significantly decreased the levels of Runx2 and Osterix mRNA compared with those in cells transfected with vector alone in MC3T3-E1 cells. On the other hand, it significantly enhanced the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col1), and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA as well as β-catenin and mineralization. A reduction in endogenous OGN level showed the opposite effects to those of OGN overexpression in MC3T3-E1 and mouse calvarial osteoblastic cells. Transient OGN overexpression significantly suppressed the levels of Runx2, Osterix, ALP, Col1, and OCN mRNA induced by BMP-2 in C2C12 cells. The conditioned medium from OGN-overexpressed and OGN-suppressed myoblastic cells enhanced and decreased, respectively, the levels of ALP, Col1, and β-catenin in MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, OGN increased Smad3/4-responsive transcriptional activity as well as Col1 mRNA levels independently of endogenous TGF-β in these cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that OGN may be a crucial humoral bone anabolic factor that is produced by muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Tanaka
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Przybylowski C, Quinn T, Callahan A, Kaplan M, Golding A, Alesi C, Ammar M, LeBlon CE, Guo Y, Zhang X, Jedlicka SS. MC3T3 preosteoblast differentiation on bone morphogenetic protein-2 peptide ormosils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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van der Deen M, Akech J, Lapointe D, Gupta S, Young DW, Montecino MA, Galindo M, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS, van Wijnen AJ. Genomic promoter occupancy of runt-related transcription factor RUNX2 in Osteosarcoma cells identifies genes involved in cell adhesion and motility. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:4503-17. [PMID: 22158627 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.287771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3) are key lineage-specific regulators of progenitor cell growth and differentiation but also function pathologically as cancer genes that contribute to tumorigenesis. RUNX2 attenuates growth and stimulates maturation of osteoblasts during bone formation but is also robustly expressed in a subset of osteosarcomas, as well as in metastatic breast and prostate tumors. To assess the biological function of RUNX2 in osteosarcoma cells, we examined human genomic promoter interactions for RUNX2 using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-microarray analysis in SAOS-2 cells. Promoter binding of both RUNX2 and RNA polymerase II was compared with gene expression profiles of cells in which RUNX2 was depleted by RNA interference. Many RUNX2-bound loci (1550 of 2339 total) exhibit promoter occupancy by RNA polymerase II and contain the RUNX consensus motif 5'-((T/A/C)G(T/A/C)GG(T/G). Gene ontology analysis indicates that RUNX2 controls components of multiple signaling pathways (e.g. WNT, TGFβ, TNFα, and interleukins), as well as genes linked to cell motility and adhesion (e.g. the focal adhesion-related genes FAK/PTK2 and TLN1). Our results reveal that siRNA depletion of RUNX2, PTK2, or TLN1 diminishes motility of U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Thus, RUNX2 binding to diverse gene loci may support the biological properties of osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha van der Deen
- Dept. of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA 01655-0106, USA
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Heining E, Bhushan R, Paarmann P, Henis YI, Knaus P. Spatial segregation of BMP/Smad signaling affects osteoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25163. [PMID: 21998639 PMCID: PMC3187766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are involved in a plethora of cellular processes in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Signaling specificity is achieved by dynamic processes involving BMP receptor oligomerization and endocytosis. This allows for spatiotemporal control of Smad dependent and non-Smad pathways. In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal regulation within the BMP-induced Smad transcriptional pathway. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we discriminate between Smad signaling events that are dynamin-dependent (i.e., require an intact endocytic pathway) and dynamin-independent. Inhibition of dynamin-dependent endocytosis in fluorescence microscopy and fractionation studies revealed a delay in Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation after BMP-2 stimulation of C2C12 cells. Using whole genome microarray and qPCR analysis, we identified two classes of BMP-2 induced genes that are differentially affected by inhibition of endocytosis. Thus, BMP-2 induced gene expression of Id1, Id3, Dlx2 and Hey1 is endocytosis-dependent, whereas BMP-2 induced expression of Id2, Dlx3, Zbtb2 and Krt16 is endocytosis-independent. Furthermore, we demonstrate that short term inhibition of endocytosis interferes with osteoblast differentiation as measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production and qPCR analysis of osteoblast marker gene expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrates that dynamin-dependent endocytosis is crucial for the concise spatial activation of the BMP-2 induced signaling cascade. Inhibition of endocytic processes during BMP-2 stimulation leads to altered Smad1/5/8 signaling kinetics and results in differential target gene expression. We show that interfering with the BMP-2 induced transcriptional network by endocytosis inhibition results in an attenuation of osteoblast differentiation. This implies that selective sensitivity of gene expression to endocytosis provides an additional mechanism for the cell to respond to BMP in a context specific manner. Moreover, we suggest a novel Smad dependent signal cascade induced by BMP-2, which does not require endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Heining
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raghu Bhushan
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Paarmann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoav I. Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Bustos-Valenzuela JC, Fujita A, Halcsik E, Granjeiro JM, Sogayar MC. Unveiling novel genes upregulated by both rhBMP2 and rhBMP7 during early osteoblastic transdifferentiation of C2C12 cells. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:370. [PMID: 21943021 PMCID: PMC3196718 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
FINDINGS We set out to analyse the gene expression profile of pre-osteoblastic C2C12 cells during osteodifferentiation induced by both rhBMP2 and rhBMP7 using DNA microarrays. Induced and repressed genes were intercepted, resulting in 1,318 induced genes and 704 repressed genes by both rhBMP2 and rhBMP7. We selected and validated, by RT-qPCR, 24 genes which were upregulated by rhBMP2 and rhBMP7; of these, 13 are related to transcription (Runx2, Dlx1, Dlx2, Dlx5, Id1, Id2, Id3, Fkhr1, Osx, Hoxc8, Glis1, Glis3 and Cfdp1), four are associated with cell signalling pathways (Lrp6, Dvl1, Ecsit and PKCδ) and seven are associated with the extracellular matrix (Ltbp2, Grn, Postn, Plod1, BMP1, Htra1 and IGFBP-rP10). The novel identified genes include: Hoxc8, Glis1, Glis3, Ecsit, PKCδ, LrP6, Dvl1, Grn, BMP1, Ltbp2, Plod1, Htra1 and IGFBP-rP10. BACKGROUND BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) are members of the TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β) super-family of proteins, which regulate growth and differentiation of different cell types in various tissues, and play a critical role in the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts. In particular, rhBMP2 and rhBMP7 promote osteoinduction in vitro and in vivo, and both proteins are therapeutically applied in orthopaedics and dentistry. CONCLUSION Using DNA microarrays and RT-qPCR, we identified both previously known and novel genes which are upregulated by rhBMP2 and rhBMP7 during the onset of osteoblastic transdifferentiation of pre-myoblastic C2C12 cells. Subsequent studies of these genes in C2C12 and mesenchymal or pre-osteoblastic cells should reveal more details about their role during this type of cellular differentiation induced by BMP2 or BMP7. These studies are relevant to better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoblastic differentiation and bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Bustos-Valenzuela
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Therapy Centre (NUCEL), University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof, Lineu Prestes, 748 Bloco 9S, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Luo W, Friedman MS, Hankenson KD, Woolf PJ. Time series gene expression profiling and temporal regulatory pathway analysis of BMP6 induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:82. [PMID: 21605425 PMCID: PMC3126716 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background BMP6 mediated osteoblast differentiation plays a key role in skeletal development and bone disease. Unfortunately, the signaling pathways regulated by BMP6 are largely uncharacterized due to both a lack of data and the complexity of the response. Results To better characterize the signaling pathways responsive to BMP6, we conducted a time series microarray study to track BMP6 induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. These temporal data were analyzed using a customized gene set analysis approach to identify temporally coherent sets of genes that act downstream of BMP6. Our analysis identified BMP6 regulation of previously reported pathways, such as the TGF-beta pathway. We also identified previously unknown connections between BMP6 and pathways such as Notch signaling and the MYB and BAF57 regulatory modules. In addition, we identify a super-network of pathways that are sequentially activated following BMP6 induction. Conclusion In this work, we carried out a microarray-based temporal regulatory pathway analysis of BMP6 induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization using GAGE method. This novel temporal analysis is more informative and powerful than the classical static pathway analysis in that: (1) it captures the interconnections between signaling pathways or functional modules and demonstrates the even higher level organization of molecular biological systems; (2) it describes the temporal perturbation patterns of each pathway or module and their dynamic roles in osteoblast differentiation. The same set of experimental and computational strategies employed in our work could be useful for studying other complex biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Karlsen TA, Mirtaheri P, Shahdadfar A, Fløisand Y, Brinchmann JE. Effect of three-dimensional culture and incubator gas concentration on phenotype and differentiation capability of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:684-93. [PMID: 21268090 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To obtain sufficient numbers of cells for tissue engineering applications, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC) are commonly cultured as monolayers in incubators containing room air. In this study, we investigated whether three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions and incubator gas concentrations more similar to those observed in vivo impacted on cell expansion, differentiation capability, or phenotype of hBM-MSC. We found that 3D culture alone increased the expression of some molecules involved in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In contrast, 3D culture did not induce chondrogenic differentiation, but enhanced the response to the chondrogenic differentiation medium. Changing the oxygen concentration to 6% and the carbon dioxide concentration to 7.5% did not impact on the results of any of our assays, showing that the hyperoxia of room air is not detrimental to hBM-MSC proliferation, differentiation, or phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy A Karlsen
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Role of glycosaminoglycans of biglycan in BMP-2 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 405:262-6. [PMID: 21219861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently we have reported that biglycan (BGN) promotes osteoblast differentiation and that this function is due in part to its ability to positively modulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) functions. In this study we investigated the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of BGN in this function using in vitro and in vivo models. C2C12 myogenic cells were treated or untreated with BMP-2 alone or in combination with glycanated, partially glycanated or de-glycanated BGN, and the effects on BMP signaling and function were assessed by Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Furthermore, the effect of de-glycanation of BGN on BMP-2 induced osteogenesis was investigated employing a rat mandible defect model. The defects were filled with collagen scaffolds loaded with glycanated or de-glycanated BGN alone or in combination with a sub-optimal dose of BMP-2 (subBMP). In in vitro experiments, BMP signaling and function were the greatest when BMP-2 was combined with de-glycanated BGN among the groups tested. In the rat mandible experiments, μCT analyses revealed that the newly formed bone was significantly increased only when subBMP was combined with de-glycanated BGN. The data indicate that the GAG component of BGN functions as a suppressor for the BGN-assisted BMP function.
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Bai Y, Bai Y, Matsuzaka K, Hashimoto S, Kokubu E, Wang X, Inoue T. Formation of bone-like tissue by dental follicle cells co-cultured with dental papilla cells. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 342:221-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Cakouros D, Raices RM, Gronthos S, Glackin C. Twist-ing cell fate: Mechanistic insights into the role of twist in lineage specification/differentiation and tumorigenesis. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:1288-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pbx1 represses osteoblastogenesis by blocking Hoxa10-mediated recruitment of chromatin remodeling factors. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:3531-41. [PMID: 20439491 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00889-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal-class homeodomain-containing (Hox) factors form multimeric complexes with TALE-class homeodomain proteins (Pbx, Meis) to regulate tissue morphogenesis and skeletal development. Here we have established that Pbx1 negatively regulates Hoxa10-mediated gene transcription in mesenchymal cells and identified components of a Pbx1 complex associated with genes in osteoblasts. Expression of Pbx1 impaired osteogenic commitment of C3H10T1/2 multipotent cells and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. Conversely, targeted depletion of Pbx1 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) increased expression of osteoblast-related genes. Studies using wild-type and mutated osteocalcin and Bsp promoters revealed that Pbx1 acts through a Pbx-binding site that is required to attenuate gene activation by Hoxa10. Chromatin-associated Pbx1 and Hoxa10 were present at osteoblast-related gene promoters preceding gene expression, but only Hoxa10 was associated with these promoters during transcription. Our results show that Pbx1 is associated with histone deacetylases normally linked with chromatin inactivation. Loss of Pbx1 from osteoblast promoters in differentiated osteoblasts was associated with increased histone acetylation and CBP/p300 recruitment, as well as decreased H3K9 methylation. We propose that Pbx1 plays a central role in attenuating the ability of Hoxa10 to activate osteoblast-related genes in order to establish temporal regulation of gene expression during osteogenesis.
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Abstract
Myeloma is associated with suppression of osteoblastogenesis, consequentially resulting in increased osteoclast activity and induction of typical osteolytic bone disease. The molecular mechanisms by which myeloma cells suppress osteoblastogenesis and the consequences of increased osteoblast activity on myeloma cell growth have been partially delineated only recently. Reduced osteoblastogenesis is a consequence of abnormal properties and impaired osteogenic potential of osteoprogenitor cells from myeloma patients and is also the result of production of multiple osteoblastogenesis inhibitors by myeloma cells and by microenvironmental cells within the myelomatous bone. Nevertheless, novel osteoblast-activating agents (e.g. proteasome inhibitor bortezomib) are capable of inducing bone formation in myeloma animal models and clinically. These agents induce increased osteoblast activity, often coupled with a concomitant reduction in osteoclastogenesis, that is strongly associated with reduced myeloma tumor burden. In vitro, osteoblasts, in contrast to osteoclasts, attenuate the growth of myeloma cells from a large subset of patients; potential molecular mechanisms are discussed. These studies suggest that myeloma cells suppress osteoblastogenesis to their advantage and that increased osteoblast activity is a promising approach to treat myeloma bone disease and simultaneously control myeloma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Yaccoby
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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