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Liu Z, Chiu YC, Chen Y, Huang Y. A Metastatic Cancer Expression Generator (MetGen): A Generative Contrastive Learning Framework for Metastatic Cancer Generation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1653. [PMID: 38730604 PMCID: PMC11083328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in tumor biology and clinical therapeutics, metastasis remains the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. While RNA-seq technology has been used extensively to study metastatic cancer characteristics, challenges persist in acquiring adequate transcriptomic data. To overcome this challenge, we propose MetGen, a generative contrastive learning tool based on a deep learning model. MetGen generates synthetic metastatic cancer expression profiles using primary cancer and normal tissue expression data. Our results demonstrate that MetGen generates comparable samples to actual metastatic cancer samples, and the cancer and tissue classification yields performance rates of 99.8 ± 0.2% and 95.0 ± 2.3%, respectively. A benchmark analysis suggests that the proposed model outperforms traditional generative models such as the variational autoencoder. In metastatic subtype classification, our generated samples show 97.6% predicting power compared to true metastatic samples. Additionally, we demonstrate MetGen's interpretability using metastatic prostate cancer and metastatic breast cancer. MetGen has learned highly relevant signatures in cancer, tissue, and tumor microenvironments, such as immune responses and the metastasis process, which can potentially foster a more comprehensive understanding of metastatic cancer biology. The development of MetGen represents a significant step toward the study of metastatic cancer biology by providing a generative model that identifies candidate therapeutic targets for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Yu-Chiao Chiu
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Population Health Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Liang L, Yang Y, Liu H, Yuan F, Yuan Y, Li W, Huang C, Chen J, Liu Y. Synthesis, characterization, anticancer efficacy evaluation of ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes toward A549 cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:421-437. [PMID: 37097484 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-01997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
A new ligand DFIP (2-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-3-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) and its two complexes iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)2(DFIP)](PF6) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, Ir1) and ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)2(DFIP)](PF6)2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, Ru1) were synthesized and characterized. The anticancer effects of the two complexes on A549, BEL-7402, HepG2, SGC-7901, HCT116 and normal LO2 cells were tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Complex Ir1 shows high cytotoxic activity on A549, BEL-7402, SGC-7901 and HepG2, Ru1 exhibits moderate anticancer activity toward A549, BEL-7402 and SGC-7901 cells. The IC50 values of Ir1 and Ru1 toward A549 are 7.2 ± 0.1 and 22.6 ± 1.4 μM, respectively. The localization of complexes Ir1 and Ru1 in the mitochondrial, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome c (cyto-c) were investigated. Apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) was used to detect the effects of Ir1 and Ru1 on the A549 using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by western blotting. Ir1 and Ru1 can increase the intracellular ROS levels and release cyto-c, reduce the MMP, leading to the apoptosis of A549 cells and blocking the A549 cells at the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, the complexes caused a decrease of the expression of polyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), caspase 3, Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2), PI3K (phosphoinositide-3 kinase) and upregulated the expression of Bax. All these findings indicated that the complexes exert anticancer efficacy to induce cell death through immunogenic cell death, apoptosis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haimei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Al-Warhi T, Almahli H, Maklad RM, Elsayed ZM, El Hassab MA, Alotaibi OJ, Aljaeed N, Ayyad RR, Ghabour HA, Eldehna WM, El-Ashrey MK. 1-Benzyl-5-bromo-3-hydrazonoindolin-2-ones as Novel Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Insights. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073203. [PMID: 37049966 PMCID: PMC10096524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health is experiencing several obstacles in the modern medical era, particularly cancer. As a result, the cancer therapeutic arsenal should be continually expanded with innovative small molecules that preferentially target tumour cells. In this study, we describe the development of two small molecule series (7a–d and 12a–e) based on the 1-benzyl-5-bromoindolin-2-one scaffold that connected through a hydrazone linker to a 4-arylthiazole (7a–d) or 4-methyl-5-(aryldiazenyl)thiazole (12a–e) moiety. The anticancer activity of all the reported indolin-2-one derivatives was assessed against breast (MCF-7) and lung (A-549) cancer cell lines. The 4-arylthiazole-bearing derivatives 7c and 7d revealed the best anticancer activity toward MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 7.17 ± 0.94 and 2.93 ± 0.47, respectively). Furthermore, the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity for 7c and 7d was evaluated. Both molecules disclosed good inhibitory activity, and their IC50 values were equal to 0.728 µM and 0.503 µM, respectively. Additionally, the impacts of 7d on the cell cycle phases as well as on the levels of different apoptotic markers (caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, and Bcl-2) were assessed. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations are carried out to explore the binding mode of 7d within the VEGFR-2 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Raed M. Maklad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Zainab M. Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai 46612, Egypt
| | - Ohoud J. Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Aljaeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rezk R. Ayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hazem A. Ghabour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Elini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Goh JJH, Goh CJH, Lim QW, Zhang S, Koh CG, Chiam KH. Transcriptomics indicate nuclear division and cell adhesion not recapitulated in MCF7 and MCF10A compared to luminal A breast tumours. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20902. [PMID: 36463288 PMCID: PMC9719475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) cell lines are useful experimental models to understand cancer biology. Yet, their relevance to modelling cancer remains unclear. To better understand the tumour-modelling efficacy of cell lines, we performed RNA-seq analyses on a combined dataset of 2D and 3D cultures of tumourigenic MCF7 and non-tumourigenic MCF10A. To our knowledge, this was the first RNA-seq dataset comprising of 2D and 3D cultures of MCF7 and MCF10A within the same experiment, which facilitates the elucidation of differences between MCF7 and MCF10A across culture types. We compared the genes and gene sets distinguishing MCF7 from MCF10A against separate RNA-seq analyses of clinical luminal A (LumA) and normal samples from the TCGA-BRCA dataset. Among the 1031 cancer-related genes distinguishing LumA from normal samples, only 5.1% and 15.7% of these genes also distinguished MCF7 from MCF10A in 2D and 3D cultures respectively, suggesting that different genes drive cancer-related differences in cell lines compared to clinical BC. Unlike LumA tumours which showed increased nuclear division-related gene expression compared to normal tissue, nuclear division-related gene expression in MCF7 was similar to MCF10A. Moreover, although LumA tumours had similar cell adhesion-related gene expression compared to normal tissues, MCF7 showed reduced cell adhesion-related gene expression compared to MCF10A. These findings suggest that MCF7 and MCF10A cell lines were limited in their ability to model cancer-related processes in clinical LumA tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Joon Ho Goh
- grid.418325.90000 0000 9351 8132Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671 Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Corinna Jie Hui Goh
- grid.418325.90000 0000 9351 8132Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671 Singapore
| | - Qian Wei Lim
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Songjing Zhang
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Cheng-Gee Koh
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Keng-Hwee Chiam
- grid.418325.90000 0000 9351 8132Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671 Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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Green Synthesis of Trimetallic Nanocomposite (Ru/Ag/Pd)-Np and Its In Vitro Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4593086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used the aqueous extract of garlic tunicate leaf to reduce a mixture of equal amounts of ruthenium chloride, silver nitrate, and palladium acetate for the biosynthesis of ruthenium/silver/palladium trimetallic nanocomposite (Ru/Ag/Pd)-Np. Some physicochemical tools were used for nanocomposite characterization, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmittance electron microscope (TEM). XRD revealed that the crystal size of the nanocomposite is 15.67 nm. The TEM images showed that the particle size ranged 50–90 nm. The antimicrobial efficacy of the nanocomposite was examined against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. The results showed a potent antimicrobial activity toward all tested microorganisms. (Ru/Ag/Pd)-Np showed antiproliferative activity against Caco-2, HepG2, and K562 cell lines. The antiproliferative potential of (Ru/Ag/Pd)-Np was significantly improved following UV irradiation.
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Levesque AA, Pappalardo RM, Puli P, Enzor LA, Angeles C. p53 oligomerization status as an indicator of sensitivity of p53-wildtype neuroblastomas to the combination of DNA damaging agent and Chk1 inhibitor. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263463. [PMID: 35143532 PMCID: PMC8830664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastomas are one of the most common types of solid tumors in infants and children and are responsible for approximately 15% of childhood cancer deaths. Neuroblastomas rarely have mutations in p53, with less than 2% of NB containing mutations in p53, compared to up to 60% for other tumor classes. Previous studies on the therapeutic combination of a DNA damaging agent and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitor have shown that DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest can be specifically abrogated in p53-defective tumors. However, some p53-wildtype tumors have also been shown to be sensitive to this therapeutic combination, suggesting that these cells have other defects in the p53 response that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. In the current study, we investigated the response to the combination of a DNA damaging agent (SN38) and a Chk1 inhibitor (UCN-01) of four p53-wildtype neuroblastoma cell lines: SK-N-SH, SH-SY5Y, SK-N-AS, and Lan-5. When the cells were treated with concentrations of SN38 ranging from 0–30 ng/ml, all four cell lines accumulated p53 which was phosphorylated on serines 15 and 20. However, only the SK-N-SH were found to activate p21waf1 and repress cyclin B. In order to assess sensitivity to UCN-01-mediated abrogation of cell cycle arrest, cell were treated with 10 ng/ml SN38 for 24 h, followed by 25 nM UCN-01 for 6 and 24 h. The SK-N-SH showed no sensitivity to UCN-01 treatment whereas the SH-SY5Y, SK-N-AS, and Lan-5 abrogated G2 arrest within 24 h. Our recent studies revealed that cells that are sensitive to checkpoint abrogation lack p53 dimers and tetramers, so we analyzed the oligomerization status of p53 in all four cell lines using glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The SK-N-SH cells possessed levels of p53 dimers and tetramers similar to what has previously been reported in p53-wildtype MCF10A cells. The SH-SY5Y, SK-N-AS, and Lan-5 however, had extremely low to undetectable levels of dimers and tetramers. Our study also showed no cytoplasmic accumulation of p53 in these cells contrary to some previous reports. The results of this study suggest that oligomerization status may serve as an indicator of sensitivity of p53-wildtype tumors to the therapeutic combination of DNA damaging agent and Chk1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aime A. Levesque
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rebecca M. Pappalardo
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Pawan Puli
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Enzor
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Clara Angeles
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
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Nikhitha JN, Swathy KS, Chandran RP. In vitro anticancer activity of ethanol extract of Adhatoda vasica Nees on human ovarian cancer cell lines. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:116. [PMID: 34351536 PMCID: PMC8342666 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system because there is no effective screening and most women are diagnosed at advanced stages. The probability of survival at 5 years is less than 30%, and the limitation is that it will not respond to chemotherapy protocol and surgery as well. Moreover, some evidence have shown potential anticancer properties of flavonoids, protective chemicals in plant foods, such as being an antioxidant, antiestrogenic, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory. In this study, the anticancer activity of crude ethanol extracts of leaves from Adhatoda vasica was investigated. Results By the application of a cell-based assay, the LC 50 value of the A. vasica which showed anticancer effect was used for further studies. The cell line treated with LD 50 value of A. vasica extracts was observed for 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h to reveal the inhibition of the metastatic property in treated PA1 cells. The mRNA isolated from the teratocarcinoma PA1 cells treated with the A. vasica extract was further converted to cDNA and was amplified for the analysis of the p53 gene, p21 gene, and GAPDH gene expression. The expression in treated cells and the untreated control indicated the activity of the A. vasica extract against the ovarian cancer. Conclusion The present study suggested the antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects of medicinal plant A. vasica on PA1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Nikhitha
- Department of Biotechnology and Research, K. V. M. College of Science and Technology, Kokkothamangalam P.O., Cherthala 688527, Alappuzha District, Indore, Kerala State, India
| | - K S Swathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indhira Gandhi College of Arts and Science, Nellikuzhi, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam District, Indore, Kerala State, India
| | - R Pratap Chandran
- Department of Biotechnology and Research, K. V. M. College of Science and Technology, Kokkothamangalam P.O., Cherthala 688527, Alappuzha District, Indore, Kerala State, India.
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Zhu Z, Liu Z, Cui J, Huang Y, Chen H, Wu Y, Huang X, Gan C. Apoptosis inducing properties of 3-biotinylate-6-benzimidazole B-nor-cholesterol analogues. Steroids 2021; 169:108822. [PMID: 33722574 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a series of Biotin-substituted B-nor-cholesteryl benzimidazole compounds were synthesized. The antiproliferativeactivities of these compounds were evaluated in vitro using a series of human cancer cell lines, including HeLa (cervical cancer), SKOV3 (ovarian cancer), T-47D (thymus gland cancer), MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and HEK293T (normal renal epithelial) cells. These compounds displayed distinct antiproliferative activities against the currently tested cancer cells. The apoptotic properties induced by compound 6d were further investigated. Our results showed that compound 6d could induce the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells, blocking the cell growth in S-phase. Western blotting analyses revealed that compound 6d can induce cell apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yulan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Chunfang Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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Jiang X, Li Y, Zhang N, Gao Y, Han L, Li S, Li J, Liu X, Gong Y, Xie C. RRM2 silencing suppresses malignant phenotype and enhances radiosensitivity via activating cGAS/STING signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:74. [PMID: 33858512 PMCID: PMC8051110 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most common malignancy, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is characterized by low 5-year survival rate. This research aimed to investigate the effects of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) on malignant biological behaviors and activation of cGAS/STING pathway. We also explored the synergistic sensitization mechanisms of RRM2 and radiotherapy. Methods Bioinformatic tools were used to evaluate the clinical significance of RRM2 in LUAD patients. The roles of RRM2 in malignant phenotype and DNA damage in LUAD cells were investigated with cell proliferation, colony formation, immunofluorescence, modified Boyden chamber and comet assays. The mouse models were used to evaluate the biological significance of RRM2 in vivo. Cytotoxic T cell infiltration was evaluated via flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemistry staining in C57BL/6 mice. We also explored the synergistic effects of RRM2 silencing and radiation on LUAD cells with apoptosis assay and immunoblotting in vitro. Results Bioinformatic analysis revealed that RRM2 had diagnostic values for LUAD patients. Higher levels of RRM2 predicted worse prognosis. RRM2 silencing inhibited LUAD cell proliferation, invasion and migration. RRM2 knockdown induced S phase arrest and DNA damage. RRM2 silencing induced cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, and the downstream targets were regulated in a STING-dependent manner. Knockdown of RRM2 suppressed tumor growth in the xenograft tumor models. RRM2 deficiency increased CD8 + T cells in the tumor tissues and spleens. Furthermore, RRM2 silencing had synergistic effects with radiation on inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Meanwhile, this combination promoted the activation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway synergistically, and simultaneously increased expression of IFNβ, CCL5 and CXCL10. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that RRM2 silencing had anti-tumor values and activated the cGAS/STING signaling pathway. RRM2 silencing increased CD8 + T cells infiltration. RRM2 silencing cooperated with radiation to inhibit LUAD cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and enhance the activation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway. RRM2 could be a promising target for tumor regression through cancer immunotherapy in LUAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00586-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Jiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yangyi Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Linzhi Han
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China. .,Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Fidrus E, Hegedűs C, Janka EA, Paragh G, Emri G, Remenyik É. Inhibitors of Nucleotide Excision Repair Decrease UVB-Induced Mutagenesis-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041638. [PMID: 33562002 PMCID: PMC7915687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of skin cancers in the Caucasian population is primarily due to the accumulation of DNA damage in epidermal cells induced by chronic ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. UVB-induced DNA photolesions, including cyclobutane–pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), promote mutations in skin cancer driver genes. In humans, CPDs are repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER). Several commonly used and investigational medications negatively influence NER in experimental systems. Despite these molecules’ ability to decrease NER activity in vitro, the role of these drugs in enhancing skin cancer risk is unclear. In this study, we investigated four molecules (veliparib, resveratrol, spironolactone, and arsenic trioxide) with well-known NER-inhibitory potential in vitro, using UVB-irradiated CHO epithelial and HaCaT immortalized keratinocyte cell lines. Relative CPD levels, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene mutation frequency, cell viability, cell cycle progression, and protein expression were assessed. All four molecules significantly elevated CPD levels in the genome 24 h after UVB irradiation. However, veliparib, spironolactone, and arsenic trioxide reduced the mutagenic potential of UVB, while resveratrol did not alter UVB-induced mutation formation. UVB-induced apoptosis was enhanced by spironolactone and arsenic-trioxide treatment, while veliparib caused significantly prolonged cell cycle arrest and increased autophagy. Spironolactone also enhanced the phosphorylation level of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), while arsenic trioxide modified UVB-driven mitochondrial fission. Resveratrol induced only mild changes in the cellular UVB response. Our results show that chemically inhibited NER does not result in increased mutagenic effects. Furthermore, the UVB-induced mutagenic potential can be paradoxically mitigated by NER-inhibitor molecules. We identified molecular changes in the cellular UVB response after NER-inhibitor treatment, which may compensate for the mitigated DNA repair. Our findings show that metabolic cellular response pathways are essential to consider in evaluating the skin cancer risk–modifying effects of pharmacological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fidrus
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.F.); (C.H.); (E.A.J.); (G.E.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.F.); (C.H.); (E.A.J.); (G.E.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Anna Janka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.F.); (C.H.); (E.A.J.); (G.E.)
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.F.); (C.H.); (E.A.J.); (G.E.)
| | - Éva Remenyik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.F.); (C.H.); (E.A.J.); (G.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-412-345
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11
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Youn Y, Lee JC, Kim J, Kim JH, Hwang JH. Cdc6 disruption leads to centrosome abnormalities and chromosome instability in pancreatic cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16518. [PMID: 33020506 PMCID: PMC7536414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 6 (Cdc6) plays key roles in regulating DNA replication, and activation and maintenance of cell cycle check points. In addition, Cdc6 exerts oncogenic properties via genomic instability associated with incomplete DNA replication. This study aimed to examine the effects of Cdc6 on pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. Our results showed that Cdc6 expression was higher in clinical PC specimens (based on analysis of the GEPIA database) and cell lines, and the high Cdc6 expression was associated with poorer survival in The Cancer Genome Atlas-PC cohort. In addition, Cdc6-depleted PC cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, delayed G2/M cell cycle progression, and increased expression of p-histone H3 and cyclin A2 levels. These observations could be explained by Cdc6 depletion leading to multipolar and split spindles via centrosome amplification and microtubule disorganization which eventually increases chromosome missegregation. Furthermore, Cdc6-depleted PC cells showed significantly increased apoptosis, which was consistent with increased caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. Collectively, our results demonstrated that Cdc6-depleted PC cells are arrested in mitosis and eventually undergo cell death by induced multipolar spindles, centrosome aberrations, microtubule disorganization, and chromosome instability. In conclusion, Cdc6 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaihwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Santoro AM, Coletta A, Oddone F, Grasso G, Milardi D, Lacal PM, Marini S, Purrello R, Graziani G, Coletta M. The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107579. [PMID: 32442437 PMCID: PMC7236745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in the front-line setting. Thereafter, two other proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib), designed to overcome resistance to bortezomib, have been approved for treatment-experienced patients, and a variety of novel inhibitors are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation not only for haematological malignancies but also for solid tumours. However, since UPS collapse leads to toxic misfolded proteins accumulation, proteasome is attracting even more interest as a target for the care of neurodegenerative diseases, which are sustained by UPS impairment. Thus, conceptually, proteasome activation represents an innovative and largely unexplored target for drug development. According to a multidisciplinary approach, spanning from chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology to pharmacology, this review will summarize the most recent available literature regarding different aspects of proteasome biology, focusing on structure, function and regulation of proteasome in physiological and pathological processes, mostly cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, connecting biochemical features and clinical studies of proteasome targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - A M Santoro
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - A Coletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Oddone
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - G Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D Milardi
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - P M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R Purrello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Jantrapirom S, Lo Piccolo L, Pruksakorn D, Potikanond S, Nimlamool W. Ubiquilin Networking in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1586. [PMID: 32549375 PMCID: PMC7352256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquilins or UBQLNs, members of the ubiquitin-like and ubiquitin-associated domain (UBL-UBA) protein family, serve as adaptors to coordinate the degradation of specific substrates via both proteasome and autophagy pathways. The UBQLN substrates reveal great diversity and impact a wide range of cellular functions. For decades, researchers have been attempting to uncover a puzzle and understand the role of UBQLNs in human cancers, particularly in the modulation of oncogene's stability and nucleotide excision repair. In this review, we summarize the UBQLNs' genetic variants that are associated with the most common cancers and also discuss their reliability as a prognostic marker. Moreover, we provide an overview of the UBQLNs networks that are relevant to cancers in different ways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, DNA repairs and miRNAs. Finally, we include a future prospective on novel ubiquilin-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinee Jantrapirom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.J.); (S.P.)
| | - Luca Lo Piccolo
- Omics Center for Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (L.L.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Omics Center for Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (L.L.P.); (D.P.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory and Research Network Center (OLARN), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.J.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.J.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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14
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Al Bitar S, Gali-Muhtasib H. The Role of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 cip1/waf1 in Targeting Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101475. [PMID: 31575057 PMCID: PMC6826572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
p21cip1/waf1 mediates various biological activities by sensing and responding to multiple stimuli, via p53-dependent and independent pathways. p21 is known to act as a tumor suppressor mainly by inhibiting cell cycle progression and allowing DNA repair. Significant advances have been made in elucidating the potential role of p21 in promoting tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the involvement of p21 in multiple signaling pathways, its dual role in cancer, and the importance of understanding its paradoxical functions for effectively designing therapeutic strategies that could selectively inhibit its oncogenic activities, override resistance to therapy and yet preserve its tumor suppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al Bitar
- Department of Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1103, Lebanon.
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1103, Lebanon.
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15
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Zhu J, Zou H, Yu W, Huang Y, Liu B, Li T, Liang C, Tao H. Checkpoint kinase inhibitor AZD7762 enhance cisplatin-induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:195. [PMID: 31372095 PMCID: PMC6660702 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background AZD7762 is a checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk 1) inhibitor, which has been reported to sensitize many tumor cells to DNA damage. However, whether AZD7762 could sensitize osteosarcoma cells to chemotherapy cisplatin has not been defined. Methods We used a variety of methods such as cell viability assays, flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry analysis to determine AZD7762 enhancing cisplatin-induced apoptosis on osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Results In the present study, we demonstrated that AZD7762 could enhance cisplatin-mediated apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe of osteosarcoma cells in vitro, and promote the inhibition of xenograft growth induced by cisplatin in vivo. The mechanistic study indicated that AZD7762 enhance the effect of cisplatin through abrogating cisplatin-mediated G2/M arrest and inhibiting the cisplatin damage repair as demonstrated by increasing cisplatin-induced γH2AX expression. Conclusion These results suggest that AZD7762 could effectively promote cisplatin-induced apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in osteosarcoma cells. The clinical application of AZD7762 as an adjuvant in the chemotherapy of osteosarcoma should be further explored. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0896-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- 1Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,2Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, #88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Hanhui Zou
- Dept Bone & Soft Tissue Surg, Zhejiang Canc Hosp, 38 Guangji Rd, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- 1Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,2Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, #88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Yuluan Huang
- 3Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- 1Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,2Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, #88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Tao Li
- 1Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,Dept Bone & Soft Tissue Surg, Zhejiang Canc Hosp, 38 Guangji Rd, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- 1Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,2Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, #88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Huimin Tao
- 1Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang People's Republic of China.,2Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, #88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
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16
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Jiang Y, Lyu T, Che X, Jia N, Li Q, Feng W. Overexpression of SMYD3 in Ovarian Cancer is Associated with Ovarian Cancer Proliferation and Apoptosis via Methylating H3K4 and H4K20. J Cancer 2019; 10:4072-4084. [PMID: 31417652 PMCID: PMC6692630 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigenetic regulation has been verified as a key mechanism in tumorigenesis. SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3), a histone methyltransferase, is a promising epigenetic therapeutic target and is overexpressed in numerous human tumors. SMYD3 can promote oncogenic progression by methylating lysines to integrate cytoplasmic kinase signaling cascades or by methylating histone lysines to regulate specific gene transcription. However, the exact role of SMYD3 in the progression of ovarian cancer is still unknown. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was employed to test SMYD3 expression in ovarian cancer tissues from clinical patients. CCK-8 assay, Real-time cell analysis (RTCA), colony formation assay, cell cycle and apoptosis tested by Flow cytometer were employed to test the effects of SMYD3 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. A PCR array was used to identify the downstream targets of SMYD3. And, PCR and Western blot were used to verify their expression. The binding of SMYD3 on the promoter of target genes were tested by ChIP assays. We also use nude mice subcutaneous tumor model and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model to investigate the tumor promotive function of SMYD3 in vivo. Results: SMYD3 expression was higher in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines than in normal ovarian epithelial tissue and human ovarian surface epithelial cells (HOSEpiC). After silencing SMYD3, the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells was significantly inhibited in vitro. In addition, the SMYD3-specific small-molecule inhibitor BCI-121 suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Downregulation of SMYD3 led to S phase arrest and increased the cell apoptosis rate. Furthermore, a PCR array revealed that SMYD3 knockdown caused the upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors CDKN2A (p16INK4), CDKN2B (p15INK4B), CDKN3 and CDC25A, which may be responsible for the S phase arrest. In addition, the upregulation of CD40LG and downregulation of BIRC3 may explain the increased cell apoptosis rate after silencing SMYD3. We also discovered that SMYD3 bound on the promoter of CDKN2A and down-regulated its expression by triple-methylating H4K20. In addition, SMYD3 bound on the promoter of BIRC3 and up-regulated its expression by triple-methylating H3K4. Finally, knocking down SMYD3 could inhibit ovarian cancer growth in nude mice subcutaneous tumor model and PDX model. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that SMYD3 was overexpressed in ovarian cancer and contributes to the regulation of tumor proliferation and apoptosis via SMYD3-H4K20me3-CDKN2A pathway and SMYD3-H3K4me3-BIRC3 pathway. Thus, SMYD3 is a promising epigenetic therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China
| | - Tianjiao Lyu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University , School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoxia Che
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine - Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011. China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University , School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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17
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Mondal A, Gandhi A, Fimognari C, Atanasov AG, Bishayee A. Alkaloids for cancer prevention and therapy: Current progress and future perspectives. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172472. [PMID: 31228447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids are important chemical compounds that serve as a rich source for drug discovery. Numerous alkaloids screened from medicinal plants and herbs showed antiproliferative and anticancer effects on wide category of cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Vinblastine, vinorelbine, vincristine, and vindesine have already been successfully developed as anticancer drugs. The available and up-to-date information on the ethnopharmacological uses in traditional medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical utility of alkaloids were collected using various resources (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Springerlink). In this article, we provide a comprehensive and critical overview on naturally-occurring alkaloids with anticancer activities and highlight the molecular mechanisms of action of these secondary metabolites. Furthermore, this review also presents a summary of synthetic derivatives and pharmacological profiles useful to researchers for the therapeutic development of alkaloids. Based on the literature survey compiled in this review, alkaloids represent an important group of anticancer drugs of plant origin with enormous potential for future development of drugs for cancer therapy and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arijit Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Durgapur, 713 212, West Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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18
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Disaccharides obtained from carrageenans as potential antitumor agents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6654. [PMID: 31040376 PMCID: PMC6491800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrageenans are sulfated galactans found in certain red seaweeds with proven biological activities. In this work, we have prepared purified native and degraded κ-, ι-; and λ-carrageenans, including the disaccharides (carrabioses) and disaccharide-alditols (carrabiitols) from seaweed extracts as potential antitumor compounds and identified the active principle of the cytotoxic and potential antitumor properties of these compounds. Both κ and ι-carrageenan, as well as carrageenan oligosaccharides showed cytotoxic effect over LM2 tumor cells. Characterized disaccharides (carrabioses) and the reduced product carrabiitols, were also tested. Only carrabioses were cytotoxic, and among them, κ-carrabiose was the most effective, showing high cytotoxic properties, killing the cells through an apoptotic pathway. In addition, the cells surviving treatment with κ-carrabiose, showed a decreased metastatic ability in vitro, together with a decreased cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, thus suggesting possible antitumor potential. Overall, our results indicate that most cytotoxic compounds derived from carrageenans have lower molecular weights and sulfate content. Potential applications of the results emerging from the present work include the use of disaccharide units such as carrabioses coupled to antineoplasics in order to improve its cytotoxicity and antimetastatic properties, and the use of ι-carrageenan as adjuvant or carrier in anticancer treatments.
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19
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Moussa RS, Park KC, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Ironing out the role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 in cancer: Novel iron chelating agents to target p21 expression and activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:276-294. [PMID: 29572098 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) has become an important target for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics with a number of Fe chelators entering human clinical trials for advanced and resistant cancer. An important aspect of the activity of these compounds is their multiple molecular targets, including those that play roles in arresting the cell cycle, such as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. At present, the exact mechanism by which Fe chelators regulate p21 expression remains unclear. However, recent studies indicate the ability of chelators to up-regulate p21 at the mRNA level was dependent on the chelator and cell-type investigated. Analysis of the p21 promoter identified that the Sp1-3-binding site played a significant role in the activation of p21 transcription by Fe chelators. Furthermore, there was increased Sp1/ER-α and Sp1/c-Jun complex formation in melanoma cells, suggesting these complexes were involved in p21 promoter activation. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in the regulation of p21 expression in response to Fe chelator treatment in neoplastic cells will further clarify how these agents achieve their anti-tumor activity. It will also enhance our understanding of the complex roles p21 may play in neoplastic cells and lead to the development of more effective and specific anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan S Moussa
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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20
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Chung S, Vail P, Witkiewicz AK, Knudsen ES. Coordinately Targeting Cell-Cycle Checkpoint Functions in Integrated Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2290-2304. [PMID: 30538111 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer cells often have deficiencies in cell-cycle control mechanisms and could be dependent on specific cell-cycle checkpoints to maintain viability. Because of the documented role of KRAS in driving replication stress, we targeted the checkpoint governing DNA replication using CHK1 kinase inhibitors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) models and examined mechanisms of resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Single-agent efficacy of CHK1 inhibition was investigated in established and primary PDAC lines. Drug screening was performed to identify cooperative agents. In vitro and in vivo studies were employed to interrogate combination treatment efficacy and mechanisms of resistance. RESULTS Many PDAC models evade single-agent inhibition through mechanisms that allow S-phase progression with CHK1 inhibited. Gene expression analysis revealed FOXM1 as a potential marker of CHK1 sensitivity and defined a form of pancreatic cancer with poor prognosis. Drug screen analysis identified WEE1 as a cooperative agent with CHK1 and was effective in cell culture. In vivo experiments validated the combination efficacy; however, resistance could evolve. Resistance was due to selection of a stable subclone from the original PDX tumor, which harbored high baseline replication stress. In vitro analysis revealed that gemcitabine could eliminate viability in the resistant models. The triplet regimen of gemcitabine, CHK1, and WEE1 inhibition provided strong disease control in all xenograft models interrogated. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the therapeutic resiliency of pancreatic cancer and indicate that coordinately targeting cell-cycle checkpoints in concert with chemotherapy could be particularly efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Chung
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paris Vail
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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21
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Li QQ, Hsu I, Sanford T, Railkar R, Balaji N, Sourbier C, Vocke C, Balaji KC, Agarwal PK. Protein kinase D inhibitor CRT0066101 suppresses bladder cancer growth in vitro and xenografts via blockade of the cell cycle at G2/M. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:939-963. [PMID: 29071385 PMCID: PMC7984729 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase D (PKD) family of proteins are important regulators of tumor growth, development, and progression. CRT0066101, an inhibitor of PKD, has antitumor activity in multiple types of carcinomas. However, the effect and mechanism of CRT0066101 in bladder cancer are not understood. In the present study, we show that CRT0066101 suppressed the proliferation and migration of four bladder cancer cell lines in vitro. We also demonstrate that CRT0066101 blocked tumor growth in a mouse flank xenograft model of bladder cancer. To further assess the role of PKD in bladder carcinoma, we examined the three PKD isoforms and found that PKD2 was highly expressed in eight bladder cancer cell lines and in urothelial carcinoma tissues from the TCGA database, and that short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of PKD2 dramatically reduced bladder cancer growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the effect of the compound in bladder cancer is mediated through inhibition of PKD2. This notion was corroborated by demonstrating that the levels of phospho-PKD2 were markedly decreased in CRT0066101-treated bladder tumor explants. Furthermore, our cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry revealed that CRT0066101 treatment or PKD2 silencing arrested bladder cancer cells at the G2/M phase, the arrest being accompanied by decreases in the levels of cyclin B1, CDK1 and phospho-CDK1 (Thr161) and increases in the levels of p27Kip1 and phospho-CDK1 (Thr14/Tyr15). Moreover, CRT0066101 downregulated the expression of Cdc25C, which dephosphorylates/activates CDK1, but enhanced the activity of the checkpoint kinase Chk1, which inhibits CDK1 by phosphorylating/inactivating Cdc25C. Finally, CRT0066101 was found to elevate the levels of Myt1, Wee1, phospho-Cdc25C (Ser216), Gadd45α, and 14-3-3 proteins, all of which reduce the CDK1-cyclin B1 complex activity. These novel findings suggest that CRT0066101 suppresses bladder cancer growth by inhibiting PKD2 through induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest, leading to the blockade of cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdi Quentin Li
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Iawen Hsu
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Sanford
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reema Railkar
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Navin Balaji
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cathy Vocke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - K C Balaji
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Piyush K Agarwal
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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22
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Collier AE, Spandau DF, Wek RC. Translational control of a human CDKN1A mRNA splice variant regulates the fate of UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 29:29-41. [PMID: 29118075 PMCID: PMC5746064 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to sublethal ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, human keratinocytes transiently block progression of the cell cycle to allow ample time for DNA repair and cell fate determination. These cellular activities are important for avoiding the initiation of carcinogenesis in skin. Central to these processes is the repression of initiation of mRNA translation through GCN2 phosphorylation of eIF2α (eIF2α-P). Concurrent with reduced global protein synthesis, eIF2α-P and the accompanying integrated stress response (ISR) selectively enhance translation of mRNAs involved in stress adaptation. In this study, we elucidated a mechanism for eIF2α-P cytoprotection in response to UVB in human keratinocytes. Loss of eIF2α-P induced by UVB diminished G1 arrest, DNA repair, and cellular senescence coincident with enhanced cell death in human keratinocytes. Genome-wide analysis of translation revealed that the mechanism for these critical adaptive responses by eIF2α-P involved induced expression of CDKN1A encoding the p21 (CIP1/WAF1) protein. We further show that human CDKN1A mRNA splice variant 4 is preferentially translated following stress-induced eIF2α-P by a mechanism mediated in part by upstream ORFs situated in the 5'-leader of CDKN1A mRNA. We conclude that eIF2α-P is cytoprotective in response to UVB by a mechanism featuring translation of a specific splice variant of CDKN1A that facilitates G1 arrest and subsequent DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Collier
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Dan F Spandau
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 .,Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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23
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Wang Y, Ren N, Rankin GO, Li B, Rojanasakul Y, Tu Y, Chen YC. Anti-proliferative effect and cell cycle arrest induced by saponins extracted from tea ( Camellia sinensis) flower in human ovarian cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2017; 37:310-321. [PMID: 32719725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) flower saponins (TFS) have various biological properties. However, the anti-cancer effects of TFS have not been investigated in any detail. Here, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of TFS using human ovarian cancer cell lines. TFS (1.5 μg/ml) produced significant antiproliferative effects against A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3 cells by inducing p53-dependent apoptosis and S phase arrest. Further study showed that TFS decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, activated Caspase-3/7, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 activities, and that the p53 inhibitor PFT-α reversed the TFS-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. In addition, TFS inhibited the expression of Cdc25A, Cdk2, and CyclinD1 and upregulated Cyclin E and Cyclin A, suggesting that the Cdc25A-Cdk2-Cyclin E/A pathway was involved in TFS-induced S phase arrest. Furthermore, the S phase arrest was associated with a Chk2-Cdc25A DNA damage response. These results demonstrated that TFS has promising potential serving as functional food components for prevention of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomin Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.,College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV25755, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
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24
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Babiker HM, McBride A, Cooke LS, Mahadevan D. Therapeutic potential of investigational CHK-1 inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1063-1072. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1360275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hani M. Babiker
- Phase I Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ali McBride
- Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Laurence S. Cooke
- Phase I Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- Phase I Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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25
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Wang Y, Compton C, Rankin GO, Cutler SJ, Rojanasakul Y, Tu Y, Chen YC. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a natural fungal metabolite, induces apoptosis and S phase arrest in human ovarian carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1392-1402. [PMID: 28259974 PMCID: PMC5363874 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated 3-Hydroxyter-phenyllin (3-HT) as a potential anticancer agent using the human ovarian cancer cells A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3, and normal human epithelial ovarian cells IOSE-364 as an in vitro model. 3-HT suppressed proliferation and caused cytotoxicity against A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3 cells, while it exhibited lower cytotoxicity in IOSE-364 cells. Subsequently, we found that 3-HT induced S phase arrest and apoptosis in a dose-independent manner. Further investigation revealed that S phase arrest was related with DNA damage which mediated the ATM/p53/Chk2 pathway. Downregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin A2, cyclin E1, CDK2, CDK4 and Cdc25C, and the upregulation of Cdc25A and cyclin B1 led to the accumulation of cells in S phase. The apoptotic effect was confirmed by Hoechst 33342 staining, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP1. Additional results revealed both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were involved. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway was activated through decreasing the protein levels of Bcl2, Bcl-xL and procaspase-9 and increasing the protein level of Puma. The induction of DR5 and DR4 indicated that the extrinsic apoptotic pathway was also activated. Induction of ROS and activation of ERK were observed in ovarian cancer cells. We therefore concluded that 3-HT possessed anti-proliferative effect on A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3 cells, induced S phase arrest and caused apoptosis. Taken together, we propose that 3-HT shows promise as a therapeutic candidate for treating ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomin Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Casey Compton
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Stephen J Cutler
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
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26
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Ismail NS, Ali GM, Ibrahim DA, Elmetwali AM. Medicinal attributes of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine based scaffold derivatives targeting kinases as anticancer agents. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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27
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Lin RK, Lin YF, Hsu MJ, Hsieh CL, Wang CY, Huang CC, Huang WJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of lovastatin-derived aliphatic hydroxamates that induce reactive oxygen species. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5528-5533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Sobue S, Mizutani N, Aoyama Y, Kawamoto Y, Suzuki M, Nozawa Y, Ichihara M, Murate T. Mechanism of paclitaxel resistance in a human prostate cancer cell line, PC3-PR, and its sensitization by cabazitaxel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:808-813. [PMID: 27687545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a microtubule-targeting drug widely used for the treatment of a variety of cancers. However, drug resistance can emerge after a series of treatments, and this can seriously affect the patient's prognosis. Here, we analyzed the mechanism of PTX resistance using a human prostate cancer cell line, PC3, and its PTX-resistant subline, PC3-PR. Compared with PC3, PC3-PR exhibited some unique phenotypes that might be associated with PTX resistance, including decreased expression of acetylated α-tubulin and the cell cycle regulator p21, and increased expression of βIII tubulin, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2. The drug exporters MDR1 and MRP1 were not involved in PTX resistance. Although cabazitaxel (CTX), a novel taxoid, has been reported to overcome PTX resistance, its mechanism of action is unknown. We found that treatment of PC3-PR cells with CTX induced expression of acetylated α-tubulin and p21, but not the related regulators p27, p15, and p16 or the Bcl2 family proteins. The pan-HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A and suberanilohydroxamic acid and the HDAC6-specific inhibitor tubacin inhibited PC3-PR proliferation and increased expression of p21 and acetylated α-tubulin in a manner similar to CTX. Our data shed light on the cellular response to PTX and CTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Sobue
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Naoki Mizutani
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yuka Aoyama
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | | | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Takashi Murate
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
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29
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Qi J, Gou Y, Zhang Y, Yang K, Chen S, Liu L, Wu X, Wang T, Zhang W, Yang F. Developing Anticancer Ferric Prodrugs Based on the N-Donor Residues of Human Serum Albumin Carrier IIA Subdomain. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7497-511. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Qi
- School
of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Yi Gou
- School
of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Kun Yang
- School
of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Shifang Chen
- School
of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department
of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben
May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Department
of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School
of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
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30
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Duan L, Perez RE, Hansen M, Gitelis S, Maki CG. Increasing cisplatin sensitivity by schedule-dependent inhibition of AKT and Chk1. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1600-12. [PMID: 25482935 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.961876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of DNA damaging chemotherapy drugs can be limited by activation of survival signaling pathways and cell cycle checkpoints that allow DNA repair. Targeting survival pathways and inhibiting cell cycle checkpoints may increase chemotherapy-induced cancer cell killing. AKT and Chk1 are survival and cell cycle checkpoint kinases, respectively, that can be activated by DNA damage. Cisplatin (CP) is a standard chemotherapy agent for osteosarcoma (OS). CP induced apoptosis to varying extents and activated AKT and Chk1 in multiple p53 wild-type and p53-null OS cell lines. A Chk1 inhibitor increased CP-induced apoptosis in all OS cell lines regardless of p53 status. In contrast, an AKT inhibitor increased CP-induced apoptosis only in p53 wild-type OS cells, but not p53 nulll cells. The increased apoptosis in p53 wild-type cells was coincident with decreased p53 protein levels, but increased expression of p53-responsive apoptotic genes Noxa and PUMA. Further studies revealed the inability of AKT inhibitor to CP-sensitize p53-null OS cells resulted from 2 things: 1) AKT inhibition stabilized/maintained p27 levels in CP-treated cells, which then mediated a protective G1-phase cell cycle arrest, 2) AKT inhibition increased the levels of activated Chk1. Finally, schedule dependent inhibition of AKT and Chk1 evaded the protective G1 arrest mediated by p27 and maximized CP-induced OS cell killing. These data demonstrate AKT and Chk1 activation promote survival in CP-treated OS cells, and that strategic, scheduled targeting of AKT and Chk1 can maximize OS cell killing by CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology ; Rush University Medical Center ; Chicago , IL USA
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31
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Li L, Xu N, Fan N, Meng Q, Luo W, Lv L, Ma W, Liu X, Liu L, Xu F, Wang H, Mao W, Li Y. Upregulated KLK10 inhibits esophageal cancer proliferation and enhances cisplatin sensitivity in vitro. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2325-32. [PMID: 26479703 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) gene has tumor-suppressive function in various types of human cancer. However, previous studies showed that KLK10 also acts as an oncogene and is upregulated in gastrointestinal tumors. The role of KLK10 in human esophageal cancer (EC) remains unclear. In the present study, the expression of KLK10 in human esophageal and non-esophageal cancer tissues was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis were utilized to detect KLK10 mRNA and protein expression in human esophageal cancer cell lines (TE-1 and Eca-109). Small interference RNA was utilized to specifically knockdown KLK10 expression in Eca-109 and TE-1 cells. Cell proliferation, cell cycle analysis as well as CDDP-dependent apoptosis were determined using a CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The results showed that, KLK10 was positive in 67 out of 83 (80.72%) human EC and positive in 3 out of 11 (27.27%) normal tissues (P=0.001). The present study indicated that KLK10 potentially plays a crucial role in Eca-109 cell growth. Additionally, the downregulation of KLK10 induced S-phase arrest and promoted cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The resutls of the present study suggested that KLK10 is a promising novel marker for the diagnostic and therapeutic target of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Nan Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ning Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Qingchun Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anshan City Cancer Hospital, Anshan, Liaoning 114000, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lijia Lv
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Huaxin Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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32
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Yuan Z, Guo W, Yang J, Li L, Wang M, Lei Y, Wan Y, Zhao X, Luo N, Cheng P, Liu X, Nie C, Peng Y, Tong A, Wei Y. PNAS-4, an Early DNA Damage Response Gene, Induces S Phase Arrest and Apoptosis by Activating Checkpoint Kinases in Lung Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14927-44. [PMID: 25918161 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PNAS-4, a novel pro-apoptotic gene, was activated during the early response to DNA damage. Our previous study has shown that PNAS-4 induces S phase arrest and apoptosis when overexpressed in A549 lung cancer cells. However, the underlying action mechanism remains far from clear. In this work, we found that PNAS-4 expression in lung tumor tissues is significantly lower than that in adjacent lung tissues; its expression is significantly increased in A549 cells after exposure to cisplatin, methyl methane sulfonate, and mitomycin; and its overexpression induces S phase arrest and apoptosis in A549 (p53 WT), NCI-H460 (p53 WT), H526 (p53 mutation), and Calu-1 (p53(-/-)) lung cancer cells, leading to proliferation inhibition irrespective of their p53 status. The S phase arrest is associated with up-regulation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) and inhibition of the Cdc25A-CDK2-cyclin E/A pathway. Up-regulation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) is p53-independent and correlates with activation of ERK. We further showed that the intra-S phase checkpoint, which occurs via DNA-dependent protein kinase-mediated activation of Chk1 and Chk2, is involved in the S phase arrest and apoptosis. Gene silencing of Chk1/2 rescues, whereas that of ATM or ATR does not affect, S phase arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, human PNAS-4 induces DNA breaks in comet assays and γ-H2AX staining. Intriguingly, caspase-dependent cleavage of Chk1 has an additional role in enhancing apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel mechanism by which elevated PNAS-4 first causes DNA-dependent protein kinase-mediated Chk1/2 activation and then results in inhibition of the Cdc25A-CDK2-cyclin E/A pathway, ultimately causing S phase arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yuan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China,
| | - Wenhao Guo
- the Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China, and
| | - Jun Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meiliang Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Lei
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Wan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Luo
- the Nankai University School of Medicine/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunlai Nie
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Peng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China,
| | - Yuquan Wei
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
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Bais MV, Ozdener GB, Sonenshein GE, Trackman PC. Effects of tumor-suppressor lysyl oxidase propeptide on prostate cancer xenograft growth and its direct interactions with DNA repair pathways. Oncogene 2015; 34:1928-37. [PMID: 24882580 PMCID: PMC4254378 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a multifunctional protein required for normal collagen and elastin biosynthesis and maturation. In addition, LOX has complex roles in cancer in which the lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP) domain of secreted pro-LOX has tumor-suppressor activity, while the active enzyme promotes metastasis. In prostate cancer cell lines, recombinant LOX-PP (rLOX-PP) inhibits the growth of PC3 cells in vitro by mechanisms that were not characterized, while in DU145 cells rLOX-PP targeted fibroblast growth factor signaling. Because rLOX-PP can enhance effects of a genotoxic chemotherapeutic on breast cancer cell apoptosis, we reasoned that rLOX-PP could target DNA repair pathways typically elevated in cancer. Here we demonstrate for the first time that rLOX-PP inhibits prostate xenograft growth in vivo and that activating phosphorylations of the key DNA repair molecules ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) are inhibited by rLOX-PP expression in vivo. In addition, in vitro studies showed that rLOX-PP inhibits radiation-induced activating phosphorylations of ATM and CHK2 and that exogenously added rLOX-PP protein can localize to the nucleus in both DU145 and PC3 cells. rLOX-PP pull-down studies resulted in detection of a protein complex with the nuclear DNA repair regulator MRE11 in both cell lines, and rLOX-PP localized to radiation-induced nuclear DNA repair foci. Finally, rLOX-PP was shown to sensitize both DU145 and PC3 cells to radiation-induced cell death determined in colony-formation assays. These data provide evidence that rLOX-PP has a nuclear mechanism of action in which it directly interacts with DNA repair proteins to sensitize prostate cancer cells to the effects of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish V. Bais
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Gokhan Baris Ozdener
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Gail E. Sonenshein
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Philip C. Trackman
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston, MA 02118
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Kim MH, Kim MS, Kim W, Kang MA, Cacalano NA, Kang SB, Shin YJ, Jeong JH. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) genes are silenced by DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation and regulate response to radiotherapy in cervical cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123133. [PMID: 25849377 PMCID: PMC4388447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family is an important negative regulator of cytokine signaling and deregulation of SOCS has been involved in many types of cancer. All cervical cancer cell lines tested showed lower expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, and SOCS5 than normal tissue or cell lines. The immunohistochemistry result for SOCS proteins in human cervical tissue also confirmed that normal tissue expressed higher level of SOCS proteins than neighboring tumor. Similar to the regulation of SOCS in other types of cancer, DNA methylation contributed to SOCS1 downregulation in CaSki, ME-180, and HeLa cells. However, the expression of SOCS3 or SOCS5 was not recovered by the inhibition of DNA methylation. Histone deacetylation may be another regulatory mechanism involved in SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression, however, SOCS5 expression was neither affected by DNA methylation nor histone deacetylation. Ectopic expression of SOCS1 or SOCS3 conferred radioresistance to HeLa cells, which implied SOCS signaling regulates the response to radiation in cervical cancer. In this study, we have shown that SOCS expression repressed by, in part, epigenetically and altered SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression could contribute to the radiosensitive phenotype in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Sun Kim
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Kim
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ae Kang
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nicholas A. Cacalano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Soon-Beom Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jeong
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee KM, Yun JH, Lee DH, Park YG, Son KH, Nho CW, Kim YS. Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester induces cell cycle arrest by the inhibition of nuclear translocation of β-catenin in HCT116 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:591-6. [PMID: 25749342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester (CME), a triterpenoid saponin from the root of Achyranthes japonica, has an anticancer activity. We investigate its molecular mechanism in depth in HCT116 cells. CME reduces the amount of β-catenin in nucleus and inhibits the binding of β-catenin to specific DNA sequences (TCF binding elements, TBE) in target gene promoters. Thus, CME appears to decrease the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as Cyclin D1, as a representative target for β-catenin, as well as CDK2 and CDK4. As a result of the decrease of the cell cycle regulatory proteins, CME inhibits cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Therefore, we suggest that CME as a novel Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor can be a putative agent for the treatment of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 210-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwa Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyun Park
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 210-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Ho Son
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 210-340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Xu MY, Kim YS. Antitumor activity of glycyrol via induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and defective autophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 74:311-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Akasaka T, Tsujii M, Kondo J, Hayashi Y, Ying J, Lu Y, Kato M, Yamada T, Yamamoto S, Inoue T, Tsujii Y, Maekawa A, Fujinaga T, Shiraishi E, Hiyama S, Inoue T, Shinzaki S, Watabe K, Nishida T, Iijima H, Takehara T. 5‑FU resistance abrogates the amplified cytotoxic effects induced by inhibiting checkpoint kinase 1 in p53‑mutated colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:63-70. [PMID: 25310623 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of chemoresistance is a major limitation of current cancer therapies, and checkpoint kinase (Chk1) 1 positively correlates with resistance to chemo‑ or radio‑therapy. Cancer cells lacking p53 pathways are completely dependent on the S and G2/M checkpoints via Chk1; therefore, Chk1 inhibition enhances the cytotoxicity of DNA‑damaging agents only in p53‑deficient cells. However, little is known about the synergistic effect of Chk1 inhibition with 5‑FU, the most frequently used antimetabolite, in chemoresistant colorectal cells. In this study, we found that 5‑FU induced S‑phase arrest only in p53‑deficient colorectal cancer cells. 5‑FU treatment induced DNA damage and activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Chk1, leading to S‑phase arrest, and Chk1 inhibition using SB218078 reduced S‑phase arrest and increased apoptosis in the presence of 5‑FU. In contrast, in p53‑deficient, 5‑FU‑resistant (5FUR) colon cancer cells that we developed, 5‑FU enhanced DNA damage but did not induce Chk1/ATM activation or cell cycle arrest. SB218078 in combination with 5‑FU did not induce apoptosis. These results indicate that 5‑FU‑resistance abrogated the anticancer effect amplified by Chk1 inhibition, even in p53‑deficient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Akasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Jin Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yuquan Lu
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Division of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152‑8902, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka 540‑0006, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka 591‑8025, Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Eri Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Watabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‑8565, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
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KUNDU SOMA, KIM TAEHYUNG, YOON JUNGHYUN, SHIN HANSEUNG, LEE JAEWON, JUNG JEEH, KIM HYUNGSIK. Viriditoxin regulates apoptosis and autophagy via mitotic catastrophe and microtubule formation in human prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2331-40. [PMID: 25231051 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Choi SH, Yang H, Lee SH, Ki JH, Nam DH, Yoo HY. TopBP1 and Claspin contribute to the radioresistance of lung cancer brain metastases. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:211. [PMID: 25216549 PMCID: PMC4168047 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation therapy is one of the most effective therapeutic tools for brain metastasis. However, it is inevitable that some cancer cells become resistant to radiation. This study is focused on the identification of genes associated with radioresistance in metastatic brain tumor from lung cancer and the functional examination of the selected genes with regards to altered sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation. Methods After establishing radioresistant cells from the xenograft model, we explored the significant transcriptional changes by performing DNA microarray profiling. Functional analyses in vitro and in vivo performed to validate the gene responsible for radioresistance. Results Transcriptional changes induced by radiation therapy are much more extensive in H460 cells than in PC14PE6 cells. The expression levels of TopBP1 and Claspin were increased in the cancer cells that survived radiation therapy. Depletion of TopBP1 or Claspin using shRNA showed an enhancement of sensitivity to radiation in radioresistant lung cancer cells (PC14PE6). Moreover, increased levels of TopBP1 or Claspin endowed cells a higher resistance to radiation. In xenograft models, the knock-down of TopBP1 or Claspin significantly prolonged the median survival time post radiation therapy. Conclusions We analyzed the gene expression profiles of the radiosensitive cells and the radioresistant cells to define a set of genes that may be involved in endowing lung cancer cells radioresistance post brain metastasis. Functional analyses indicated that the expression TopBP1 and Claspin positively affects the survival of cancer cells and thus negatively the xenograft metastasis model animals in response to radiation. These results show that TopBP1 and Claspin can be potential targets for the enhanced efficacy of radiotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-211) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 50 Ilwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
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Singh D, Kaur G. The antileukaemic cell cycle regulatory activities of swainsonine purified fromMetarhizium anisopliaefermentation broth. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:2044-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.919287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kang K, Nho CW, Kim ND, Song DG, Park YG, Kim M, Pan CH, Shin D, Oh SH, Oh HS. Daurinol, a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase IIα, suppresses SNU-840 ovarian cancer cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest in S phase. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:558-66. [PMID: 24841075 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Daurinol, a lignan from the ethnopharmacological plant Haplophyllum dauricum, was recently reported to be a novel topoisomerase II inhibitor and an alternative to the clinical anticancer agent etoposide based on a colorectal cancer model. In the present study, we elucidated the detailed biochemical mechanism underlying the inhibition of human topoisomerase IIα by daurinol based on a molecular docking study and in vitro biochemical experiments. The computational simulation predicted that daurinol binds to the ATP-binding pocket of topoisomerase IIα. In a biochemical assay, daurinol (10-100 µM) inhibited the catalytic activity of topo-isomerase IIα in an ATP concentration-dependent manner and suppressed the ATP hydrolysis activity of the enzyme. However, daurinol did not inhibit topoisomerase I activity, most likely because topoisomerase I does not contain an ATP-binding domain. We also evaluated the anti-proliferative activity of daurinol in ovarian, small cell lung and testicular cancer cells, common target cancers treated with etoposide. Daurinol potently inhibited SNU-840 human ovarian cancer cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest in S phase, while etoposide induced G2/M phase arrest. Daurinol induced the increased expression of cyclin E, cyclin A and E2F-1, which are important proteins regulating S phase initiation and progression. Daurinol did not induce abnormal cell and nuclear enlargement in SNU-840 cells, in contrast to etoposide. Based on these data, we suggest that daurinol is a potential anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of human ovarian cancer with few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsu Kang
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyun Park
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Suk Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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Thompson R, Eastman A. The cancer therapeutic potential of Chk1 inhibitors: how mechanistic studies impact on clinical trial design. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 76:358-69. [PMID: 23593991 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many anticancer agents damage DNA and activate cell cycle checkpoints that permit time for the cells to repair their DNA and recover. These checkpoints have undergone intense investigation as potential therapeutic targets and Chk1 inhibitors have emerged as promising novel therapeutic agents. Chk1 was initially recognized as a regulator of the G2/M checkpoint, but has since been demonstrated to have additional roles in replication fork stability, replication origin firing and homologous recombination. Inhibition of these pathways can dramatically sensitize cells to some antimetabolites. Current clinical trials with Chk1 inhibitors are primarily focusing on their combination with gemcitabine. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of, and emerging uses for Chk1 inhibitors as single agents and in combination with antimetabolites. We also discuss the pharmacodynamic issues that need to be addressed in attaining maximum efficacy in vivo. Following administration of gemcitabine to mice and humans, tumour cells accumulate in S phase for at least 24 h before recovering. In addition, stalled replication forks evolve over time to become more Chk1 dependent. We emphasize the need to assess cell cycle perturbation and Chk1 dependence of tumours in patients administered gemcitabine. These assessments will define the optimum dose and schedule for administration of these drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Dasgupta P, Bandyopadhyay SS. Role of di-allyl disulfide, a garlic component in NF-κB mediated transient G2-M phase arrest and apoptosis in human leukemic cell-lines. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:611-22. [PMID: 23659453 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.776090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS), the major organosulfur component of processed garlic is very effective in chemoprevention of several types of cancers; however, its detailed mechanism is yet to be divulged. Present study shows antiproliferative activity of DADS against human leukemic cell-lines, mainly U937. DADS induced transient G2/M phase arrest, which is evident from FACS analysis. The results revealed that a significant transcriptional induction of p21 happened in early hours of treatment, which is due to increased nuclear translocation of NF-κB and its specific binding to p21 promoter. However, in the later hours, G2/M arrest is lost leading to apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondria-mediated pathway through generation of reactive oxygen species followed by changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blots indicate release of cytochrome-c, activation of caspase-3, cleavage of PARP1, and finally decrease in bcl-2 levels. In addition, inactivation of NF-κB by its inhibitor BAY 11-7085 causes early onset of apoptosis without any transient G2/M arrest. Thus, in conclusion, DADS induces reversible G2/M arrest through NF-κB mediated pathway in human leukemic cell lines, like U937, K562, and Jurkat, lacking wild type p53. However, G2/M arrest is lost owing to the incapability of the damage repair system that leads to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Dasgupta
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Lee YS, Choi KM, Kim W, Jeon YS, Lee YM, Hong JT, Yun YP, Yoo HS. Hinokitiol inhibits cell growth through induction of S-phase arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells and suppresses tumor growth in a mouse xenograft experiment. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:2195-202. [PMID: 24308647 DOI: 10.1021/np4005135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hinokitiol (1), a tropolone-related natural compound, induces apoptosis and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 1 were investigated on human colon cancer cell growth and tumor formation of xenograft mice. HCT-116 and SW-620 cells derived from human colon cancers were found to be similarly susceptible to 1, with IC50 values of 4.5 and 4.4 μM, respectively. Compound 1 induced S-phase arrest in the cell cycle progression and decreased the expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin E, and Cdk2. Conversely, 1 increased the expression of p21, a Cdk inhibitor. Compound 1 decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased the expression of Bax, and cleaved caspase-9 and -3. The effect of 1 on tumor formation when administered orally was evaluated in male BALB/c-nude mice implanted intradermally separately with HCT-116 and SW-620 cells. Tumor volumes and tumor weights in the mice treated with 1 (100 mg/kg) were decreased in both cases. These results suggest that the suppression of tumor formation by compound 1 in human colon cancer may occur through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Sun Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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45
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Metformin inhibits growth and sensitizes osteosarcoma cell lines to cisplatin through cell cycle modulation. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:370-5. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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ZHANG WENXUAN, XING LINA. RNAi gene therapy of SiHa cells via targeting human TERT induces growth inhibition and enhances radiosensitivity. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1228-34. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Patra N, De U, Kim TH, Lee YJ, Ahn MY, Kim ND, Yoon JH, Choi WS, Moon HR, Lee BM, Kim HS. A novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor MHY219 induces apoptosis via up-regulation of androgen receptor expression in human prostate cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 67:407-15. [PMID: 23583193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a new class of anticancer agents that act by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. To investigate the anticancer effect of a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor MHY219, its efficacy was compared to that of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in human prostate cancer cells. The anticancer effects of MHY219 on cell viability, HDAC enzyme activity, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and other biological assays were performed. MHY219 was shown to enhance the cytotoxicity on DU145 cells (IC₅₀, 0.36 μM) when compared with LNCaP (IC₅₀, 0.97 μM) and PC3 cells (IC₅₀, 5.12 μM). MHY219 showed a potent inhibition of total HDAC activity when compared with SAHA. MHY219 increased histone H3 hyperacetylation and reduced the expression of class I HDACs (1, 2 and 3) in prostate cancer cells. MHY219 effectively increased the sub-G1 fraction of cells through p21 and p27 dependent pathways in DU145 cells. MHY219 significantly induced a G2/M phase arrest in DU145 and PC3 cells and arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, MHY219 effectively increased apoptosis in DU145 and LNCaP cells, but not PC3 cells, according to Annexin V/PI staining and Western blot analysis. These results indicate that MHY219 is a potent HDAC inhibitor that targets regulating multiple aspects of cancer cell death and might have preclinical value in human prostate cancer chemotherapy, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Patra
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeung-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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48
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Sensitization of lung cancer cells to cisplatin by β-elemene is mediated through blockade of cell cycle progression: antitumor efficacies of β-elemene and its synthetic analogs. Med Oncol 2013; 30:488. [PMID: 23397083 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective agents for overcoming platinum chemoresistance in lung carcinoma continues to have high priority. We have demonstrated recently that β-elemene, a novel antitumor compound, enhances cisplatin activity by triggering lung cancer cell death via apoptosis. Here, we investigated whether β-elemene acts synergistically with cisplatin to inhibit non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation by blocking cell cycle progression. β-Elemene substantially increased the suppressive effect of cisplatin on cell growth and proliferation in the NSCLC cell lines H460 and A549. Furthermore, β-elemene augmented cisplatin in the cell cycle arrest of NSCLC cells at G(2)/M. This was associated with upregulated checkpoint kinase (CHK2) expression and reduced CDC2 activity (i.e., increased phosphorylation of CDC2 on Tyr-15 and decreased phosphorylation of CDC2 on Thr-161). Moreover, β-elemene and cisplatin in combination clearly decreased the protein levels of cyclin B1 and CDC25C and increased the levels of p21(Cip1/Waf1), p27(Kip1), and GADD45 in these cells, compared with the effects of either agent alone at the same concentration. These results suggest that the β-elemene-enhanced inhibitory effect of cisplatin on lung carcinoma cell proliferation is regulated by a CHK2-mediated CDC25C/CDC2/cyclin B1 signaling pathway and leads to the blockade of cell cycle progression at G(2)/M. A comparison of the cytotoxic efficacies of β-elemene and three synthetic analogs (β-elemenol, β-elemenal, and β-elemene fluoride) in the two lung cancer cell lines revealed that β-elemenol and β-elemene fluoride had the same antitumor efficacy as β-elemene, whereas β-elemenal was appreciably more potent than β-elemene. Thus, although all three synthetic analogs of β-elemene considerably suppressed NSCLC cell growth and proliferation, β-elemenal may have greater potential as an anticancer alternative to β-elemene in treating lung cancer and other tumors.
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Zhang Z, Du GJ, Wang CZ, Wen XD, Calway T, Li Z, He TC, Du W, Bissonnette M, Musch MW, Chang EB, Yuan CS. Compound K, a Ginsenoside Metabolite, Inhibits Colon Cancer Growth via Multiple Pathways Including p53-p21 Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2980-95. [PMID: 23434653 PMCID: PMC3588026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Compound K (20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol, CK), an intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginseng protopanaxadiol saponins, has been shown to inhibit cell growth in a variety of cancers. However, the mechanisms are not completely understood, especially in colorectal cancer (CRC). A xenograft tumor model was used first to examine the anti-CRC effect of CK in vivo. Then, multiple in vitro assays were applied to investigate the anticancer effects of CK including antiproliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. In addition, a qPCR array and western blot analysis were executed to screen and validate the molecules and pathways involved. We observed that CK significantly inhibited the growth of HCT-116 tumors in an athymic nude mouse xenograft model. CK significantly inhibited the proliferation of human CRC cell lines HCT-116, SW-480, and HT-29 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We also observed that CK induced cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase in HCT-116 cells. The processes were related to the upregulation of p53/p21, FoxO3a-p27/p15 and Smad3, and downregulation of cdc25A, CDK4/6 and cyclin D1/3. The major regulated targets of CK were cyclin dependent inhibitors, including p21, p27, and p15. These results indicate that CK inhibits transcriptional activation of multiple tumor-promoting pathways in CRC, suggesting that CK could be an active compound in the prevention or treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zhang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (G.-J.D.); (C.-Z.W.); (X.-D.W.)
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Guang-Jian Du
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (G.-J.D.); (C.-Z.W.); (X.-D.W.)
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (G.-J.D.); (C.-Z.W.); (X.-D.W.)
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Xiao-Dong Wen
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (G.-J.D.); (C.-Z.W.); (X.-D.W.)
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Tyler Calway
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Zejuan Li
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Wei Du
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th street, MB 9, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (M.B.); (M.W.M.); (E.B.C.)
| | - Mark W. Musch
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th street, MB 9, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (M.B.); (M.W.M.); (E.B.C.)
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th street, MB 9, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (M.B.); (M.W.M.); (E.B.C.)
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (G.-J.D.); (C.-Z.W.); (X.-D.W.)
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mail:
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-773-702-1916; Fax: +1-773-834-0601
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Origanti S, Cai SR, Munir AZ, White LS, Piwnica-Worms H. Synthetic lethality of Chk1 inhibition combined with p53 and/or p21 loss during a DNA damage response in normal and tumor cells. Oncogene 2013; 32:577-88. [PMID: 22430210 PMCID: PMC3381958 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoints ensure genome integrity and are frequently compromised in human cancers. A therapeutic strategy being explored takes advantage of checkpoint defects in p53-deficient tumors in order to sensitize them to DNA-damaging agents by eliminating Chk1-mediated checkpoint responses. Using mouse models, we demonstrated that p21 is a key determinant of how cells respond to the combination of DNA damage and Chk1 inhibition (combination therapy) in normal cells as well as in tumors. Loss of p21 sensitized normal cells to the combination therapy much more than did p53 loss and the enhanced lethality was partially blocked by CDK inhibition. In addition, basal pools of p21 (p53 independent) provided p53 null cells with protection from the combination therapy. Our results uncover a novel p53-independent function for p21 in protecting cells from the lethal effects of DNA damage followed by Chk1 inhibition. As p21 levels are low in a significant fraction of colorectal tumors, they are predicted to be particularly sensitive to the combination therapy. Results reported in this study support this prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Origanti
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8228, 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
- BRIGHT Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8228, 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Shi-rong Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8228, 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
- BRIGHT Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8228, 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Amir Z. Munir
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8228, 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
- BRIGHT Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8228, 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Lynn S. White
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8228, 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
- BRIGHT Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8228, 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8228, 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
- BRIGHT Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8228, 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8228, 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
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