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Afsar B, Afsar RE, Caliskan Y, Lentine KL. The Relationship between Sclerostin and Kidney Transplantation Mineral Bone Disorders: A Molecule of Controversies. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 115:339-361. [PMID: 39078512 PMCID: PMC11405501 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment option for most patients with end-stage kidney disease due to reduced mortality, decreased cardiovascular events and increased quality of life compared to patients treated with dialysis. However, kidney transplantation is not devoid of both acute and chronic complications including mineral bone disorders (MBD) which are already present in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) before kidney transplantation. The natural history of MBD after kidney transplantation is variable and new markers are needed to define MBD after kidney transplantation. One of these promising molecules is sclerostin. The main action of sclerostin is to inhibit bone formation and mineralization by blocking osteoblast differentiation and function. In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), various studies have shown that sclerostin is associated with graft function, bone parameters, vascular calcification, and arterial stiffness although non-uniformly. Furthermore, data for inhibition of sclerostin with monoclonal antibody romosozumab for treatment of osteoporosis is available for general population but not in KTRs which osteoporosis is highly prevalent. In this narrative review, we have summarized the studies investigating the change of sclerostin before and after kidney transplantation, the relationship between sclerostin and laboratory parameters, bone metabolism and vascular calcification in the context of kidney transplantation. We also pointed out the uncertainties, explained the causes of divergent findings and suggest further potential study topics regarding sclerostin in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
- Department of Nephrology, Saint Loui University, Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Nephrology, Saint Loui University, Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yasar Caliskan
- Department of Nephrology, Saint Loui University, Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krista L Lentine
- Department of Nephrology, Saint Loui University, Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Hu L, Chen W, Qian A, Li YP. Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and disease. Bone Res 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38987555 PMCID: PMC11237130 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted, lipid-modified proteins that bind to different receptors on the cell surface to activate canonical or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, which control various biological processes throughout embryonic development and adult life. Aberrant Wnt signaling pathway underlies a wide range of human disease pathogeneses. In this review, we provide an update of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and diseases. The Wnt proteins, receptors, activators, inhibitors, and the crosstalk of Wnt signaling pathways with other signaling pathways are summarized and discussed. We mainly review Wnt signaling functions in bone formation, homeostasis, and related diseases, and summarize mouse models carrying genetic modifications of Wnt signaling components. Moreover, the therapeutic strategies for treating bone diseases by targeting Wnt signaling, including the extracellular molecules, cytosol components, and nuclear components of Wnt signaling are reviewed. In summary, this paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling regulates bone formation, homeostasis, and the efforts targeting Wnt signaling for treating bone diseases. Finally, the paper evaluates the important questions in Wnt signaling to be further explored based on the progress of new biological analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Jiménez-Ortega RF, Ortega-Meléndez AI, Patiño N, Rivera-Paredez B, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Velázquez-Cruz R. The Involvement of microRNAs in Bone Remodeling Signaling Pathways and Their Role in the Development of Osteoporosis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:505. [PMID: 39056698 PMCID: PMC11273958 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Bone remodeling, crucial for maintaining the balance between bone resorption and formation, relies on the coordinated activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. During osteoclastogenesis, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiate into the osteoclast lineage through the signaling pathways OPG/RANK/RANKL. On the other hand, during osteoblastogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into the osteoblast lineage through activation of the signaling pathways TGF-β/BMP/Wnt. Recent studies have shown that bone remodeling is regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length. miRNAs can regulate virtually all cellular processes through binding to miRNA-response elements (MRE) at the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the target mRNA. miRNAs are involved in controlling gene expression during osteogenic differentiation through the regulation of key signaling cascades during bone formation and resorption. Alterations of miRNA expression could favor the development of bone disorders, including osteoporosis. This review provides a general description of the miRNAs involved in bone remodeling and their significance in osteoporosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio F. Jiménez-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
- Unidad de Acupuntura Humana Rehabilitatoria, Universidad Estatal del Valle de Ecatepec (UNEVE), Ecatepec de Morelos 55210, Mexico
| | - Alejandra I. Ortega-Meléndez
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad ETAC Campus Coacalco, Coacalco de Berriozábal 55700, Mexico;
| | - Nelly Patiño
- Unidad de Citometría de Flujo (UCiF), Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
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Fernández-Villabrille S, Martín-Carro B, Martín-Vírgala J, Rodríguez-Santamaria MDM, Baena-Huerta F, Muñoz-Castañeda JR, Fernández-Martín JL, Alonso-Montes C, Naves-Díaz M, Carrillo-López N, Panizo S. Novel Biomarkers of Bone Metabolism. Nutrients 2024; 16:605. [PMID: 38474734 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone represents a metabolically active tissue subject to continuous remodeling orchestrated by the dynamic interplay between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. These cellular processes are modulated by a complex interplay of biochemical and mechanical factors, which are instrumental in assessing bone remodeling. This comprehensive evaluation aids in detecting disorders arising from imbalances between bone formation and reabsorption. Osteoporosis, characterized by a reduction in bone mass and strength leading to heightened bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures, is one of the more prevalent chronic diseases. Some epidemiological studies, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), have identified an association between osteoporosis and vascular calcification. Notably, low bone mineral density has been linked to an increased incidence of aortic calcification, with shared molecules, mechanisms, and pathways between the two processes. Certain molecules emerging from these shared pathways can serve as biomarkers for bone and mineral metabolism. Detecting and evaluating these alterations early is crucial, requiring the identification of biomarkers that are reliable for early intervention. While traditional biomarkers for bone remodeling and vascular calcification exist, they suffer from limitations such as low specificity, low sensitivity, and conflicting results across studies. In response, efforts are underway to explore new, more specific biomarkers that can detect alterations at earlier stages. The aim of this review is to comprehensively examine some of the emerging biomarkers in mineral metabolism and their correlation with bone mineral density, fracture risk, and vascular calcification as well as their potential use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Villabrille
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Carro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julia Martín-Vírgala
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Baena-Huerta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Rafael Muñoz-Castañeda
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Luis Fernández-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Natalia Carrillo-López
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Panizo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Lee KK, Changoor A, Grynpas MD, Mitchell J. Increased Osteoblast Gα S Promotes Ossification by Suppressing Cartilage and Enhancing Callus Mineralization During Fracture Repair in Mice. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10841. [PMID: 38130768 PMCID: PMC10731140 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
GαS, the stimulatory G protein α-subunit that raises intracellular cAMP levels by activating adenylyl cyclase, plays a vital role in bone development, maintenance, and remodeling. Previously, using transgenic mice overexpressing GαS in osteoblasts (GS-Tg), we demonstrated the influence of osteoblast GαS level on osteogenesis, bone turnover, and skeletal responses to hyperparathyroidism. To further investigate whether alterations in GαS levels affect endochondral bone repair, a postnatal bone regenerative process that recapitulates embryonic bone development, we performed stabilized tibial osteotomy in male GS-Tg mice at 8 weeks of age and examined the progression of fracture healing by micro-CT, histomorphometry, and gene expression analysis over a 4-week period. Bone fractures from GS-Tg mice exhibited diminished cartilage formation at the time of peak soft callus formation at 1 week post-fracture followed by significantly enhanced callus mineralization and new bone formation at 2 weeks post-fracture. The opposing effects on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis were validated by downregulation of chondrogenic markers and upregulation of osteogenic markers. Histomorphometric analysis at times of increased bone formation (2 and 3 weeks post-fracture) revealed excess fibroblast-like cells on newly formed woven bone surfaces and elevated osteocyte density in GS-Tg fractures. Coincident with enhanced callus mineralization and bone formation, GS-Tg mice showed elevated active β-catenin and Wntless proteins in osteoblasts at 2 weeks post-fracture, further substantiated by increased mRNA encoding various canonical Wnts and Wnt target genes, suggesting elevated osteoblastic Wnt secretion and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The GS-Tg bony callus at 4 weeks post-fracture exhibited greater mineral density and decreased polar moment of inertia, resulting in improved material stiffness. These findings highlight that elevated GαS levels increase Wnt signaling, conferring an increased osteogenic differentiation potential at the expense of chondrogenic differentiation, resulting in improved mechanical integrity. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - Adele Changoor
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Marc D Grynpas
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Jane Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
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Martin TJ, Seeman E. Bone Remodeling and Modeling: Cellular Targets for Antiresorptive and Anabolic Treatments, Including Approaches Through the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-Related Protein Pathway. Neurospine 2023; 20:1097-1109. [PMID: 38171279 PMCID: PMC10762382 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2346966.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is continuously in a state of building and renewal, though the process of remodeling that takes place at many sites asynchronously throughout the skeleton, with bone formation and resorption equal at these sites (bone multicellular units). Remodeling takes place on bone surfaces, both on trabeculae and in the cortex, and serves the purposes of replacing old bone or that damaged by microfractures throughout the skeleton. The bone loss and consequent osteoporotic fractures that result from excess resorption over formation have mainly been prevented or treated by antiresorptive drugs that inhibit osteoclast formation and/or activity. Virtually all of the evidence leading to acceptance of antiresorptive drugs as treatment has depended upon their prevention of vertebral fractures. In recent decades, new prospects came of anabolic treatments that partly restore bone volume and microstructure restore bone that has been lost. The first of these was parathyroid hormone (PTH), shown by daily injection to increase markers of bone formation and prevent fractures. This field of interest enlarged with the discovery of PTH-related protein (PTHrP), so closely related in structure and action to PTH. The structural relationship between PTH and PTHrP is important in assessing their physiological and pharmacological roles, with the N-terminal domains of the 2 having virtually equal actions on target cells. Abaloparatide, a peptide analogue based on the structures of PTHrP and PTH, has been approved in some countries as a therapy for osteoporosis. Treatment through the PTH receptor activation pathway, and probably with any anabolic therapy, needs to be followed by antiresorptive treatment in order to maintain bone that has been restored. No matter how effective anabolic therapies for the skeleton become, it seems highly likely that there will be a continuing need for antiresorptive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas John Martin
- Department of Medicine and St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ego Seeman
- Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Zhang L, Adu IK, Zhang H, Wang J. The WNT/β-catenin system in chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder syndrome. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2527-2538. [PMID: 36964322 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WNT/β-catenin system is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in morphogenesis and cell tissue formation during embryogenesis. Although usually suppressed in adulthood, it can be reactivated during organ damage and regeneration. Transient activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway stimulates tissue regeneration after acute kidney injury, while persistent (uncontrolled) activation can promote the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD-MBD is a clinical syndrome that develops with systemic mineral and bone metabolism disorders caused by CKD, characterized by abnormal bone mineral metabolism and/or extraosseous calcification, as well as cardiovascular disease associated with CKD, including vascular stiffness and calcification. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to comprehensively review the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in relation to CKD-MBD, focusing on its components, regulatory molecules, and regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, this review highlights the challenges and opportunities for using small molecular compounds to target the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in CKD-MBD therapy. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature review using various scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to identify relevant articles. We searched for articles that discussed the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, CKD-MBD, and their relationship. We also reviewed articles that discussed the components of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, its regulatory molecules, and regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in CKD-MBD by promoting vascular calcification and bone mineral metabolism disorders. The pathway's components include WNT ligands, Frizzled receptors, and LRP5/6 co-receptors, which initiate downstream signaling cascades leading to the activation of β-catenin. Several regulatory molecules, including GSK-3β, APC, and Axin, modulate β-catenin activation. The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway also interacts with other signaling pathways, such as the BMP pathway, to regulate CKD-MBD. CONCLUSIONS The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for CKD-MBD. Small molecular compounds that target the components or regulatory molecules of the pathway may provide a promising approach to treat CKD-MBD. However, more research is needed to identify safe and effective compounds and to determine the optimal dosages and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Zhang
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Isaac Kumi Adu
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jingzhou and the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kings and Queens University College and Teaching Hospital, Akosombo, Ghana
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jingzhou and the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jingzhou and the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Wang YP, Sidibé A, Fortier C, Desjardins MP, Ung RV, Kremer R, Agharazii M, Mac-Way F. Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors, bone metabolism and vascular health in kidney transplant patients. J Nephrol 2023; 36:969-978. [PMID: 36715822 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sclerostin, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and α-klotho have been shown to play an important role in bone and vascular disease of chronic kidney disease. We aimed to evaluate the evolution of these bone markers in newly kidney transplanted patients, and whether they are associated with bone metabolism and vascular stiffness. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS This is a longitudinal single-center observational cohort study. Circulating levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors (sclerostin, DKK1, FGF23 and α-klotho), arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (PWV), carotid-radial PWV, PWV ratio, augmented index) and bone parameters were assessed before (M0), and at 3 (M3) and 6 months (M6) after transplantation. Generalized estimating equations were conducted for comparative analyses between the three time points. We used a marginal structural model for repeated measures for the impact of changes in bone markers on the evolution of arterial stiffness. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed for the associations between Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors and mineral metabolism parameters. RESULTS We included 79 patients (70% male; median age of 53 (44-60) years old). The levels of sclerostin (2.06 ± 1.18 ng/mL at M0 to 0.88 ± 0.29 ng/mL at M6, p ≤ 0.001), DKK1 (364.0 ± 266.7 pg/mL at M0 to 246.7 ± 149.1 pg/mL at M6, p ≤ 0.001), FGF23 (5595 ± 9603 RU/mL at M0 to 137 ± 215 RU/mL at M6, p ≤ 0.001) and α-klotho (457.6 ± 148.6 pg/mL at M0 to 109.8 ± 120.7 pg/mL at M6, p < 0.05) decreased significantly after kidney transplant. Sclerostin and FGF23 were positively associated with carotid-femoral (standardized β = 0.432, p = 0.037 and standardized β = 0.592, p = 0.005) and carotid-radial PWV (standardized β = 0.259, p = 0.029 and standardized β = 0.242, p = 0.006) throughout the 6 months of follow-up. The nature of the associations between bone markers and bone metabolism parameters varies after kidney transplant. CONCLUSIONS The circulating levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors and α-klotho significantly decrease after kidney transplantation, while sclerostin and FGF23 levels might be associated with improvement of vascular stiffness and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Pei Wang
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Aboubacar Sidibé
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Catherine Fortier
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Desjardins
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Roth-Visal Ung
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Richard Kremer
- Faculty and Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mohsen Agharazii
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mac-Way
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada.
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Bone Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Transplant. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010167. [PMID: 36615824 PMCID: PMC9824497 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) comprises alterations in calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Vitamin D, and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) metabolism, abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume, linear growth or strength, and vascular calcification leading to an increase in bone fractures and vascular disease, which ultimately result in high morbidity and mortality. The bone component of CKD-MBD, referred to as renal osteodystrophy, starts early during the course of CKD as a result of the effects of progressive reduction in kidney function which modify the tight interaction between mineral, hormonal, and other biochemical mediators of cell function that ultimately lead to bone disease. In addition, other factors, such as osteoporosis not apparently dependent on the typical pathophysiologic abnormalities resulting from altered kidney function, may accompany the different varieties of renal osteodystrophy leading to an increment in the risk of bone fracture. After kidney transplantation, these bone alterations and others directly associated or not with changes in kidney function may persist, progress or transform into a different entity due to new pathogenetic mechanisms. With time, these alterations may improve or worsen depending to a large extent on the restoration of kidney function and correction of the metabolic abnormalities developed during the course of CKD. In this paper, we review the bone lesions that occur during both CKD progression and after kidney transplant and analyze the factors involved in their pathogenesis as a means to raise awareness of their complexity and interrelationship.
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Esteban-Lopez M, Wilson KJ, Myhr C, Kaftanovskaya EM, Henderson MJ, Southall NT, Xu X, Wang A, Hu X, Barnaeva E, Ye W, George ER, Sherrill JT, Ferrer M, Morello R, Agoulnik IU, Marugan JJ, Agoulnik AI. Discovery of small molecule agonists of the Relaxin Family Peptide Receptor 2. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1183. [PMCID: PMC9636434 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2) belongs to the family of class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and it is the only known target for the insulin-like factor 3 peptide (INSL3). The importance of this ligand-receptor pair in the development of the gubernacular ligament during the transabdominal phase of testicular descent is well established. More recently, RXFP2 has been implicated in maintaining healthy bone formation. In this report, we describe the discovery of a small molecule series of RXFP2 agonists. These compounds are highly potent, efficacious, and selective RXFP2 allosteric agonists that induce gubernacular invagination in mouse embryos, increase mineralization activity in human osteoblasts in vitro, and improve bone trabecular parameters in adult mice. The described RXFP2 agonists are orally bioavailable and display favorable pharmacokinetic properties, which allow for future evaluation of the therapeutic benefits of modulating RXFP2 activation in disease models. Specific small molecule RXFP2 agonists with favorable pharmacokinetic properties induce gubernacular invagination in mouse embryos, increase mineralization activity in human osteoblasts in vitro, and improve bone trabecular parameters in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esteban-Lopez
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Kenneth J. Wilson
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Courtney Myhr
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Elena M. Kaftanovskaya
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Mark J. Henderson
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Noel T. Southall
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Xin Xu
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Amy Wang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Xin Hu
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Wenjuan Ye
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Emmett R. George
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - John T. Sherrill
- grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Roy Morello
- grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Irina U. Agoulnik
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA ,grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Juan J. Marugan
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Alexander I. Agoulnik
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA ,grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
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11
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Li J, Camirand A, Zakikhani M, Sellin K, Guo Y, Luan X, Mihalcioiu C, Kremer R. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Inhibition Blocks Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Expansion in Bone Through Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Reversal. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10587. [PMID: 35720668 PMCID: PMC9189913 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays a major role in skeletal metastasis but its action mechanism has not been fully defined. We previously demonstrated the crucial importance of PTHrP in promoting mammary tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis in a mouse model with a mammary epithelium-targeted Pthlh gene ablation. We demonstrate here a novel mechanism for bone invasion involving PTHrP induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) regulation. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated Pthlh gene ablation was used to study EMT markers, phenotype, and invasiveness in two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell types (established MDA-MB-231 and patient-derived PT-TNBC cells). In vitro, Pthlh ablation in TNBC cells reduced EMT markers, mammosphere-forming ability, and CD44high/CD24low cells ratio. In vivo, cells were injected intratibially into athymic nude mice, and therapeutic treatment with our anti-PTHrP blocking antibody was started 2 weeks after skeletal tumors were established. In vivo, compared to control, lytic bone lesion from Pthlh -ablated cells decreased significantly over 2 weeks by 27% for MDA-MB-231 and by 75% for PT-TNBC-injected mice (p < 0.001). Micro-CT (μCT) analyses also showed that antibody therapy reduced bone lytic volume loss by 52% and 48% for non-ablated MDA-MB-231 and PT-TNBC, respectively (p < 0.05). Antibody therapy reduced skeletal tumor burden by 45% and 87% for non-ablated MDA-MB-231 and PT-TNBC, respectively (p < 0.002) and caused a significant decrease of CSC/EMT markers ALDH1, vimentin, and Slug, and an increase in E-cadherin in bone lesions. We conclude that PTHrP is a targetable EMT molecular driver and suggest that its pharmacological blockade can provide a potential therapeutic approach against established TNBC-derived skeletal lesions. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Li
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Anne Camirand
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Mahvash Zakikhani
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Karine Sellin
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Yubo Guo
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
- Third Affiliated HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - XiaoRui Luan
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
- Department of Genetics, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Catalin Mihalcioiu
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Richard Kremer
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
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12
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Endocrine Fibroblast Growth Factors in Relation to Stress Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030505. [PMID: 35159314 PMCID: PMC8834311 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play important roles in various growth signaling processes, including proliferation, development, and differentiation. Endocrine FGFs, i.e., atypical FGFs, including FGF15/19, FGF21, and FGF23, function as endocrine hormones that regulate energy metabolism. Nutritional status is known to regulate the expression of endocrine FGFs through nuclear hormone receptors. The increased expression of endocrine FGFs regulates energy metabolism processes, such as fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism. Recently, a relationship was found between the FGF19 subfamily and stress signaling during stresses such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. This review focuses on endocrine FGFs and the recent progress in FGF studies in relation to stress signaling. In addition, the relevance of the stress-FGF pathway to disease and human health is discussed.
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13
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Cavani L, Poindexter MB, Nelson CD, Santos JEP, Peñagaricano F. Gene mapping, gene-set analysis, and genomic prediction of postpartum blood calcium in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:525-534. [PMID: 34756434 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The onset of lactation results in a sudden irreversible loss of Ca for colostrum and milk synthesis. Some cows are unable to quickly adapt to this demand and succumb to clinical hypocalcemia, whereas a larger proportion of cows develop subclinical hypocalcemia that predisposes them to other peripartum diseases. The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive genomic analysis of blood total Ca concentration in periparturient Holstein cows. We first performed a genomic scan and a subsequent gene-set analysis to identify candidate genes, biological pathways, and molecular mechanisms affecting postpartum Ca concentration. Then, we assessed the prediction of postpartum Ca concentration using genomic information. Data consisted of 7,691 records of plasma or serum concentrations of Ca measured in the first, second, and third day after parturition of 959 primiparous and 1,615 multiparous cows that calved between December 2015 and June 2020 in 2 dairy herds. All cows were genotyped with 80k SNPs. The statistical model included lactation (1 to 5+), calf category (male, females, twins), and day as fixed effects, and season-treatment-experiment, animal, and permanent environmental as random effects. Model predictive ability was evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation. Heritability and repeatability estimates were 0.083 (standard error = 0.017) and 0.444 (standard error = 0.028). The association mapping identified 2 major regions located on Bos taurus autosome (BTA)6 and BTA16 that explained 1.2% and 0.7% of additive genetic variance of Ca concentration, respectively. Interestingly, the region on BTA6 harbors the GC gene, which encodes the vitamin D binding protein, and the region on BTA16 harbors LRRC38, which is actively involved in K transport. Other sizable peaks were identified on BTA5, BTA2, BTA7, BTA14, and BTA9. These regions harbor genes associated with Ca channels (CACNA1S, CRACR2A), K channels (KCNK9), bone remodeling (LRP6), and milk production (SOCS2). The gene-set analysis revealed terms related to vitamin transport, calcium ion transport, calcium ion binding, and calcium signaling. Genomic predictions of phenotypic and genomic estimated breeding values of Ca concentration yielded predictive correlations up to 0.50 and 0.15, respectively. Overall, the present study contributes to a better understanding of the genetic basis of postpartum blood Ca concentration in Holstein cows. In addition, the findings may contribute to the development of novel selection and management strategies for reducing periparturient hypocalcemia in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Cavani
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | | | - Corwin D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - José E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
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14
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Influences of the IL-6 cytokine family on bone structure and function. Cytokine 2021; 146:155655. [PMID: 34332274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The IL-6 family of cytokines comprises a large group of cytokines that all act via the formation of a signaling complex that includes the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor. Despite this, many of these cytokines have unique roles that regulate the activity of bone forming osteoblasts, bone resorbing osteoclasts, bone-resident osteocytes, and cartilage cells (chondrocytes). These include specific functions in craniofacial development, longitudinal bone growth, and the maintenance of trabecular and cortical bone structure, and have been implicated in musculoskeletal pathologies such as craniosynostosis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and heterotopic ossifications. This review will work systematically through each member of this family and provide an overview and an update on the expression patterns and functions of each of these cytokines in the skeleton, as well as their negative feedback pathways, particularly suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). The specific cytokines described are interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 11 (IL-11), oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), neuropoietin, humanin and interleukin 27 (IL-27).
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15
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Martin TJ, Sims NA, Seeman E. Physiological and Pharmacological Roles of PTH and PTHrP in Bone Using Their Shared Receptor, PTH1R. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:383-406. [PMID: 33564837 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the paracrine factor, PTH-related protein (PTHrP), have preserved in evolution sufficient identities in their amino-terminal domains to share equivalent actions upon a common G protein-coupled receptor, PTH1R, that predominantly uses the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling pathway. Such a relationship between a hormone and local factor poses questions about how their common receptor mediates pharmacological and physiological actions of the two. Mouse genetic studies show that PTHrP is essential for endochondral bone lengthening in the fetus and is essential for bone remodeling. In contrast, the main postnatal function of PTH is hormonal control of calcium homeostasis, with no evidence that PTHrP contributes. Pharmacologically, amino-terminal PTH and PTHrP peptides (teriparatide and abaloparatide) promote bone formation when administered by intermittent (daily) injection. This anabolic effect is remodeling-based with a lesser contribution from modeling. The apparent lesser potency of PTHrP than PTH peptides as skeletal anabolic agents could be explained by lesser bioavailability to PTH1R. By contrast, prolongation of PTH1R stimulation by excessive dosing or infusion, converts the response to a predominantly resorptive one by stimulating osteoclast formation. Physiologically, locally generated PTHrP is better equipped than the circulating hormone to regulate bone remodeling, which occurs asynchronously at widely distributed sites throughout the skeleton where it is needed to replace old or damaged bone. While it remains possible that PTH, circulating within a narrow concentration range, could contribute in some way to remodeling and modeling, its main physiological role is in regulating calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T John Martin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ego Seeman
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Carrillo-López N, Martínez-Arias L, Fernández-Villabrille S, Ruiz-Torres MP, Dusso A, Cannata-Andía JB, Naves-Díaz M, Panizo S. Role of the RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt/β-Catenin Systems in CKD Bone and Cardiovascular Disorders. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:439-451. [PMID: 33586001 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD), alterations in the bone-vascular axis augment the risk of bone loss, fractures, vascular and soft tissue calcification, left ventricular hypertrophy, renal and myocardial fibrosis, which markedly increase morbidity and mortality rates. A major challenge to improve skeletal and cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients requires a better understanding of the increasing complex interactions among the main modulators of the bone-vascular axis. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), calcidiol, calcitriol and Klotho are involved in this axis interact with RANK/RANKL/OPG system and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The RANK/RANKL/OPG system controls bone remodeling by inducing osteoblast synthesis of RANKL and downregulating OPG production and it is also implicated in vascular calcification. The complexity of this system has recently increased due the discovery of LGR4, a novel RANKL receptor involved in bone formation, but possibly also in vascular calcification. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a key role in bone formation: when this pathway is activated, bone is formed, but when it is inhibited, bone formation is stopped. In the progression of CKD, a downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been described which occurs mainly through the not coincident elevations of sclerostin, Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) and the secreted Frizzled Related Proteins (sFRPs). This review analyzes the interactions of PTH, P, Ca, FGF23, calcidiol, calcitriol and Klotho with the RANKL/RANKL/OPG system and the Wnt/β-catenin, pathway and their implications in bone and cardiovascular disorders in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Arias
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Villabrille
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Piedad Ruiz-Torres
- Department of System Biology, Universidad de Alcalá, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Adriana Dusso
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge B Cannata-Andía
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Panizo
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
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17
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Turner ME, White CA, Taylor SM, Neville K, Rees-Milton K, Hopman WM, Adams MA, Anastassiades T, Holden RM. Secreted Phosphoprotein 24 is a Biomarker of Mineral Metabolism. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:354-363. [PMID: 33481052 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 24 kD form of secreted phosphoprotein (SPP-24), a cytokine-binding bone matrix protein with various truncated C-terminal products, is primarily synthesized by the liver. SPP-24 shares homology with fetuin-A, a potent vascular and soft tissue calcification inhibitor and SPP-24 is one component of calciprotein particles (CPPs), a circulating fetuin-mineral complex. The limited molecular evidence to date suggests that SPP-24 may also function as an inhibitor of bone formation and ectopic vascular calcification, potentially through bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) and Wnt-signaling mediated actions. The C-terminal products of SPP-24 bind to BMP-2 and attenuate BMP-2-induced bone formation. The aim of this study was to assess circulating SPP-24 in relation to kidney function and in concert with markers of mineral metabolism in humans. SPP-24 was measured in the serum of total of 192 subjects using ELISA-based measurements. Subjects were participants of one of two cohorts: (1) mGFR Cohort (n = 80) was participants of a study of measured GFR (mGFR) using inulin urinary clearance, recruited mostly from a chronic kidney disease clinic with low-range kidney function (eGFR 38.7 ± 25.0 mL/min/1.73 m2) and (2) CaMOS Cohort (n = 112) was a subset of randomly selected, community-dwelling participants of year 10 of the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study with eGFR in the normal range of 75.0 ± 15.9 mL/min/1.73 m2. In the combined cohort, the mean SPP-24 was 167.7 ± 101.1 ng/mL (range 33.4-633.6 ng/mL). The mean age was 66.5 ± 11.3, 57.1% female and mean eGFR (CKD-EPI) was 59.9 ± 27.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 (range 8-122 mL/min/1.73 m2). There was a strong inverse correlation between SPP-24 and eGFR (R = - 0.58, p < 0.001) that remained after adjustment for age. Following adjustment for age, eGFR, and sex, SPP-24 was significantly associated with phosphate (R = - 0.199), PTH (R = 0.298), and the Wnt-signaling inhibitor Dickkopf-related protein 1 (R = - 0.156). The results of this study indicate that SPP-24 is significantly altered by kidney function and is the first human data linking levels of SPP-24 to other biomarkers involved in mineral metabolism. Whether there is a role for circulating SPP-24 in bone formation and ectopic mineralization requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy E Turner
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 3048C Etherington Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada
| | - Christine A White
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada
| | - Sarah M Taylor
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 3048C Etherington Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada
| | - Kathryn Neville
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 3048C Etherington Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada
| | - Karen Rees-Milton
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada
| | - Wilma M Hopman
- KGH Research Institute, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada
| | - Michael A Adams
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 3048C Etherington Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada
| | - Tassos Anastassiades
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 3048C Etherington Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada
| | - Rachel M Holden
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 3048C Etherington Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3V6, Canada.
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18
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Ratsma DMA, Zillikens MC, van der Eerden BCJ. Upstream Regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:588096. [PMID: 33716961 PMCID: PMC7952762 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.588096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has been described as an important regulator of mineral homeostasis, but has lately also been linked to iron deficiency, inflammation, and erythropoiesis. FGF23 is essential for the maintenance of phosphate homeostasis in the body and activating mutations in the gene itself or inactivating mutations in its upstream regulators can result in severe chronic hypophosphatemia, where an unbalanced mineral homeostasis often leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. FGF23 can be regulated by changes in transcriptional activity or by changes at the post-translational level. The balance between O-glycosylation and phosphorylation is an important determinant of how much active intact or inactive cleaved FGF23 will be released in the circulation. In the past years, it has become evident that iron deficiency and inflammation regulate FGF23 in a way that is not associated with its classical role in mineral metabolism. These conditions will not only result in an upregulation of FGF23 transcription, but also in increased cleavage, leaving the levels of active intact FGF23 unchanged. The exact mechanisms behind and function of this process are still unclear. However, a deeper understanding of FGF23 regulation in both the classical and non-classical way is important to develop better treatment options for diseases associated with disturbed FGF23 biology. In this review, we describe how the currently known upstream regulators of FGF23 change FGF23 transcription and affect its post-translational modifications at the molecular level.
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19
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Sharma A, Sharma L, Goyal R. Molecular Signaling Pathways and Essential Metabolic Elements in Bone Remodeling: An Implication of Therapeutic Targets for Bone Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 22:77-104. [PMID: 32914712 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200910160404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the dynamic tissues in the human body that undergoes continuous remodelling through subsequent actions of bone cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. Several signal transduction pathways are involved in the transition of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. These primarily include Runx2, ATF4, Wnt signaling and sympathetic signalling. The differentiation of osteoclasts is controlled by M-CSF, RANKL, and costimulatory signalling. It is well known that bone remodelling is regulated through receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand followed by binding to RANK, which eventually induces the differentiation of osteoclasts. The resorbing osteoclasts secrete TRAP, cathepsin K, MMP-9 and gelatinase to digest the proteinaceous matrix of type I collagen and form a saucer-shaped lacuna along with resorption tunnels in the trabecular bone. Osteoblasts secrete a soluble decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin that prevents the binding of RANK/RANKL and thus moderating osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, bone homeostasis is also regulated by several growth factors like, cytokines, calciotropic hormones, parathyroid hormone and sex steroids. The current review presents a correlation of the probable molecular targets underlying the regulation of bone mass and the role of essential metabolic elements in bone remodelling. Targeting these signaling pathways may help to design newer therapies for treating bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
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Forster CM, White CA, Turner ME, Norman PA, Ward EC, Hopman WM, Adams MA, Holden RM. Circulating Levels of Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 Decrease as Measured GFR Declines and Are Associated with PTH Levels. Am J Nephrol 2020; 51:871-880. [PMID: 33238271 DOI: 10.1159/000511658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been implicated in the development of adynamic bone disease in early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) and sclerostin are antagonists of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway yet have not been widely used as clinical indicators of bone disease. This study characterized levels of DKK1, sclerostin, and other biomarkers of mineral metabolism in participants across a spectrum of inulin-measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR). METHODS GFR was measured by urinary inulin clearance (mGFR) in 90 participants. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of circulating DKK1, sclerostin, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphate, α-klotho, and vitamin D metabolites including 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Spearman correlations and linear regressions were used where appropriate to examine the associations between measured values. RESULTS The median [IQR] age was 64 years [53.0-71.0], and the median [IQR] mGFR was 32.6 [21.7-60.6] mL/min. DKK1 decreased (r = 0.6, p < 0.001) and sclerostin increased (r = -0.4, p < 0.001) as kidney function declined, and both were associated with phosphate, PTH, FGF-23, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the unadjusted analysis. After adjustment for age and mGFR, DKK1 remained significantly associated with PTH. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate opposing trends in Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors, DKK1 and sclerostin, as mGFR declines. Unlike sclerostin, DKK1 levels decreased significantly as mGFR declined and was independently associated with PTH. Future studies should determine whether measurement of Wnt signaling inhibitors may be useful in predicting bone histomorphometric findings and important clinical outcomes in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Forster
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine A White
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mandy E Turner
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick A Norman
- Kingston General Health Research Institute, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilie C Ward
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilma M Hopman
- Kingston General Health Research Institute, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Adams
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel M Holden
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada,
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada,
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Changes in Bone Metabolism and Structure in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2020-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a key regulator of bone turnover. Depending on the duration of action, the hormone causes catabolic and anabolic effects by binding with specific receptors (PTHR1) in the bone. Various cells expressing PTHR1 on their surface are involved in the process – osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone marrow stromal cells, T-lymphocytes and macrophages. In physiological conditions PTH balances the bone metabolism. Intermittent pharmacological doses of PTH lead to the prevalence of bone formation and are used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Persistently elevated levels of PTH stimulate bone resorption by impacting mainly the cortical bone. New imaging and analysis techniques show that high PTH levels can also have an adverse effect on trabecular microarchitecture. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disease characterized by increased bone metabolism, decreased bone mineral density (BMD), inadequate osteoid mineralization and an increased risk of fractures. Prolonged overproduction of PTH leads to stimulation of bone resorption and defects in bone formation, mainly causing loss of cortical bone mass, while in the trabecular bone predominate demineralization processes. One explanation of these findings is the enhanced stimulation of RANKL expression by osteoblasts with decreased OPG expression and bone formation at the same time.
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Zhao G, Kim EW, Jiang J, Bhoot C, Charles KR, Baek J, Mohan S, Adams JS, Tetradis S, Lyons KM. CCN1/Cyr61 Is Required in Osteoblasts for Responsiveness to the Anabolic Activity of PTH. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2289-2300. [PMID: 32634285 PMCID: PMC9361511 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CCN1/Cyr61 is a dynamically expressed matricellular protein that serves regulatory functions in multiple tissues. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that CCN1 regulates bone maintenance. Using an osteoblast and osteocyte conditional knockout mouse model (Ccn1OCN ), we found a significant decrease in trabecular and cortical bone mass in vivo, in part through suppression of Wnt signaling since the expression of the Wnt antagonist sclerostin (SOST) is increased in osteoblasts lacking CCN1. It has been established that parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling also suppresses SOST expression in bone. We therefore investigated the interaction between CCN1 and PTH-mediated responses in this study. We find that loss of Ccn1 in osteoblasts leads to impaired responsiveness to anabolic intermittent PTH treatment in Ccn1OCN mice in vivo and in osteoblasts from these mice in vitro. Analysis of Ccn1OCN mice demonstrated a significant decrease in parathyroid hormone receptor-1 (PTH1R) expression in osteoblasts in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the regulatory role of a non-canonical integrin-binding domain of CCN1 because several studies indicate that specific integrins are critical to mechanotransduction, a PTH-dependent response, in bone. These data suggest that CCN1 regulates the expression of PTH1R through interaction with the αvβ3 and/or αvβ5 integrin complexes. Osteoblasts that express a mutant form of CCN1 that cannot interact with αvβ3/β5 integrin demonstrate a significant decrease in mRNA and protein expression of both PTH1R and αv integrin. Overall, these data suggest that the αvβ3/β5-binding domain of CCN1 is required to endow PTH signaling with anabolic activity in bone cells. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gexin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elliot W Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Orthopaedic Institution for Children Foundation, Hemophilia Treatment Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chimay Bhoot
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kemberly R Charles
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jongseung Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John S Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen M Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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WNT-β-catenin signalling - a versatile player in kidney injury and repair. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:172-184. [PMID: 32989282 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The WNT-β-catenin system is an evolutionary conserved signalling pathway that is of particular importance for morphogenesis and cell organization during embryogenesis. The system is usually suppressed in adulthood; however, it can be re-activated in organ injury and regeneration. WNT-deficient mice display severe kidney defects at birth. Transient WNT-β-catenin activation stimulates tissue regeneration after acute kidney injury, whereas sustained (uncontrolled) WNT-β-catenin signalling promotes kidney fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD), podocyte injury and proteinuria, persistent tissue damage during acute kidney injury and cystic kidney diseases. Additionally, WNT-β-catenin signalling is involved in CKD-associated vascular calcification and mineral bone disease. The WNT-β-catenin pathway is tightly regulated, for example, by proteins of the Dickkopf (DKK) family. In particular, DKK3 is released by 'stressed' tubular epithelial cells; DKK3 drives kidney fibrosis and is associated with short-term risk of CKD progression and acute kidney injury. Thus, targeting the WNT-β-catenin pathway might represent a promising therapeutic strategy in kidney injury and associated complications.
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Kapania EM, Reif TJ, Tsumura A, Eby JM, Callaci JJ. Alcohol-induced Wnt signaling inhibition during bone fracture healing is normalized by intermittent parathyroid hormone treatment. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:200-207. [PMID: 32613179 PMCID: PMC7323703 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly half of orthopaedic trauma patients are intoxicated at the time of injury, and excess alcohol consumption increases the risk for fracture nonunion. Previous studies show alcohol disrupts fracture associated Wnt signaling required for normal bone fracture repair. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes bone growth through canonical Wnt signaling, however, no studies have investigated the effect of PTH on alcohol-inhibited bone fracture repair. Male C57BL/6 mice received two-3 day alcohol binges separated by 4 days before receiving a mid-shaft tibia fracture. Postoperatively, mice received PTH daily until euthanasia. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was analyzed at 9 days post-fracture. As previously observed, acute alcohol exposure resulted in a >2-fold decrease in total and the active form of β-catenin and a 2-fold increase in inactive β-catenin within the fracture callus. Intermittent PTH abrogated the effect of alcohol on β-catenin within the fracture callus. Upstream of β-catenin, alcohol-treated animals had a 2-fold decrease in total LRP6, the Wnt co-receptor, which was restored with PTH treatment. Alcohol nor PTH had any significant effect on GSK-3β. These data show that intermittent PTH following a tibia fracture restores normal expression of Wnt signaling proteins within the fracture callus of alcohol-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha M. Kapania
- Internal Medicine‐Pediatric ResidentRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Taylor J. Reif
- Limb Lengthening and Complex Reconstruction FellowshipHospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Aaron Tsumura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and RehabilitationLoyola University Medical CenterMaywoodILUSA
| | - Jonathan M. Eby
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and RehabilitationLoyola University Medical CenterMaywoodILUSA
- Alcohol Research Program (ARP)Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of MedicineMaywoodILUSA
| | - John J. Callaci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and RehabilitationLoyola University Medical CenterMaywoodILUSA
- Alcohol Research Program (ARP)Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of MedicineMaywoodILUSA
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Rothe R, Schulze S, Neuber C, Hauser S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing: Part I – Modulation of inflammation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:381-408. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-199102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics & Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics & Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
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Ho TY, Chen NC, Hsu CY, Huang CW, Lee PT, Chou KJ, Fang HC, Chen CL. Evaluation of the association of Wnt signaling with coronary artery calcification in patients on dialysis with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:345. [PMID: 31477034 PMCID: PMC6721332 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with end-stage renal disease have a higher risk of death from cardiovascular events, which can be mainly attributed to coronary artery calcification (CAC). Wnt signaling is involved in vascular development and may play a role in vascular calcification. This study aimed to evaluate CAC prevalence in patients on dialysis with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and identify CAC risk factors. METHODS The study is a retrospective analysis of the severe hyperparathyroidism registration study that prospectively recruited patients on dialysis with severe SHPT who were candidates for parathyroidectomy, from October 2013 to May 2015. CAC and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured. Demographic and clinical data including calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone, Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), and sclerostin levels were analyzed. CAC scores were reported in Agatston units (AU). RESULTS A total of 61 patients were included in this study. No CAC, mild CAC (<100 AU), moderate CAC (>100 AU), and severe CAC (>400 AU) were observed in 4.9%, 11.4%, 14.8%, and 68.9% of patients, respectively. DKK1 and sclerostin were not associated with CAC. In univariate analysis, CAC was significantly correlated with age, sex (male), total cholesterol, and intravenous pulse calcitriol (p<0.05). CAC was not inversely correlated with the BMD, T scores, or Z scores of the femoral neck (p>0.05). In multivariate analysis, the stepwise forward multiple linear regression revealed that CAC was associated with age, male sex and intravenous pulse calcitriol (p<0.05). Furthermore, serum sclerostin was positively correlated with the BMD of the femoral neck but negatively associated with intact parathyroid hormone (p<0.05). Serum sclerostin was significantly associated with severely low bone mass with Z-scores<-2.5 of the femoral neck, even when adjusted for serum intact parathyroid hormone, vitamin D status, dialysis pattern, sex, and DKK-1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The patients on dialysis with severe SHPT have a high prevalence of vascular calcification. Although the Wnt signaling pathway could play a role in hyperparathyroid bone disease, CAC may be mainly due to the treatment modality rather than the Wnt signaling pathway associated bone metabolism in patients on dialysis with severe SHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Yo Ho
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung City, 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ching Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung City, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung City, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung City, 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Ju Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung City, 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Chang Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung City, 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung City, 81362, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ho PWM, Chan AS, Pavlos NJ, Sims NA, Martin TJ. Brief exposure to full length parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) causes persistent generation of cyclic AMP through an endocytosis-dependent mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113627. [PMID: 31476292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein (PTHrP) (gene name Pthlh) was discovered as the factor responsible for the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. It shares such sequence similarity with PTH in the amino-terminal region that the two are equally able to act through a single G protein-coupled receptor, PTH1R. A number of biological activities are ascribed to domains of PTHrP beyond the amino-terminal domain. PTH functions as a circulating hormone, but PTHrP is generated locally in many tissues including bone, where it acts as a paracrine factor on osteoblasts and osteocytes. The present study compares how PTH and PTHrP influence cyclic AMP (cAMP) formation through adenylyl cyclase, the first event in cell activation through PTH1R. Brief exposure to full length PTHrP(1-141) in several osteoblastic cell culture systems was followed by sustained adenylyl cyclase activity for more than an hour after ligand washout. This effect was dose-dependent and was not found with shorter PTHrP or PTH peptides even though they were fully able to activate adenylyl cyclase with acute treatment. The persistent activation response to PTHrP(1-141) was seen also with later events in the cAMP/PKA pathway, including persistent activation of CRE-luciferase and sustained regulation of several CREB-responsive mRNAs, up to 24 h after the initial exposure. Pharmacologic blockade of endocytosis prevented the persistent activation of cAMP and gene responses. We conclude that full length PTHrP, the likely local physiological effector in bone, differs in intracellular action to PTH by undergoing endosomal translocation to induce a prolonged adenylyl cyclase activation in its target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia W M Ho
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Audrey S Chan
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - T John Martin
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.
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Bhattacharyya S, Pal S, Chattopadhyay N. Abaloparatide, the second generation osteoanabolic drug: Molecular mechanisms underlying its advantages over the first-in-class teriparatide. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:185-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Costa S, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Inverse correlation between trabecular bone volume and bone marrow adipose tissue in rats treated with osteoanabolic agents. Bone 2019; 123:211-223. [PMID: 30954729 PMCID: PMC6559822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is currently an unmet clinical need for improved treatments for skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and cancer-induced bone disease. This is due in part to a paucity of novel targets and an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of action for established therapies. We defined the effects of anabolic treatments on bone and the bone marrow adipocyte (BMA). Sclerostin-neutralizing antibodies (Scl-Ab), romosozumab, human parathyroid hormone (hPTH, 1-34), and hPTH/hPTHrP analogues (e.g. teriparatide and abaloparatide) stimulate bone formation and have been studied in clinical trials for severe osteoporosis. In this study, eight-week-old male and female rats were administered vehicle, Scl-Ab (3 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) weekly, or hPTH (1-34) (75 μg/kg) daily for 4 or 26 weeks. Histological analyses of distal femura were performed using a novel ImageJ method for trabecular bone and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). Adipocyte number, circumference, and total adipose area were compared within the tissue area (T.Ar) or the marrow area (Ma.Ar), (defined as the T.Ar minus the trabecular bone area). After 26 weeks of treatment, a significant inverse correlation between bone and tissue adiposity (total adipocyte area divided by T.Ar) were observed in males and females (p < 0.0001). However, there were no significant correlations between bone and marrow adiposity (total adipocyte area divided by Ma.Ar) for either sex after 26 weeks of treatments. Scl-Ab treatments also resulted in no effect on adipocytes based on marrow adiposity for either sex after 26 weeks. However, chronic hPTH treatments significantly reduced adipocyte number and adiposity within the T.Ar and within the Ma.Ar in males. Overall, our data suggest that with long-term treatment, Scl-Abs decrease total tissue adiposity mainly by increasing trabecular bone, resulting in an overall reduction in the space in which adipocytes can reside. These findings were determined by developing and comparing two different methods of assessment of the marrow cavity, defined to either include or exclude trabecular bone. Thus, researchers should consider which adiposity measurement is more informative and relevant for their studies. Overall, our findings should help design improved therapies or combination treatments to target a potential new contributor to bone diseases: the bone marrow adipocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Costa
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sarmah S, Curtis C, Mahin J, Farrell M, Engler TA, Sanchez-Felix MV, Sato M, Ma YL, Chu S, Marrs JA. The Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitor LSN 2105786 Promotes Zebrafish Fin Regeneration. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020030. [PMID: 31010223 PMCID: PMC6630808 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway has been shown to regulate bone homeostasis and to influence some bone disease states. We utilized a zebrafish model system to study the effects of a synthetic, orally bioavailable glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) inhibitor LSN 2105786, which activates Wnt signaling during bone healing and embryogenesis. GSK3β inhibitor treatment was used to phenocopy GSK3β morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) knockdown in zebrafish embryos. Human and zebrafish synthetic mRNA injection were similarly effective at rescue of GSK3β MO knockdown. During caudal fin regeneration, bony rays are the first structure to differentiate in zebrafish fins, providing a useful model to study bone healing. Caudal fin regeneration experiments were conducted using various concentrations of a GSK3β inhibitor, examining duration and concentration dependence on regenerative outgrowth. Experiments revealed continuous low concentration (4-5 nM) treatment to be more effective at increasing regeneration than intermittent dosing. Higher concentrations inhibited fin growth, perhaps by excessive stimulation of differentiation programs. Increased Wnt responsive gene expression and differentiation were observed in response to GSK3b inhibitor treatment. Activating Wnt signaling also increased cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation in fin regenerates. Together, these data indicate that bone healing in zebrafish fin regeneration was improved by activating Wnt signaling using GSK3b inhibitor treatment. In addition, caudal fin regeneration is useful to evaluate dose-dependent pharmacological efficacy in bone healing, various dosing regimens and possible toxicological effects of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnalee Sarmah
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Courtney Curtis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jennifer Mahin
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Mark Farrell
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | | | - Manuel V Sanchez-Felix
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA.
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Masahiko Sato
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA.
| | | | - Shaoyou Chu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA.
- Molecular Templates, Austin, TX 78729, USA.
| | - James A Marrs
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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31
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Shen B, Vardy K, Hughes P, Tasdogan A, Zhao Z, Yue R, Crane GM, Morrison SJ. Integrin alpha11 is an Osteolectin receptor and is required for the maintenance of adult skeletal bone mass. eLife 2019; 8:42274. [PMID: 30632962 PMCID: PMC6349404 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously discovered a new osteogenic growth factor that is required to maintain adult skeletal bone mass, Osteolectin/Clec11a. Osteolectin acts on Leptin Receptor+ (LepR+) skeletal stem cells and other osteogenic progenitors in bone marrow to promote their differentiation into osteoblasts. Here we identify a receptor for Osteolectin, integrin α11, which is expressed by LepR+ cells and osteoblasts. α11β1 integrin binds Osteolectin with nanomolar affinity and is required for the osteogenic response to Osteolectin. Deletion of Itga11 (which encodes α11) from mouse and human bone marrow stromal cells impaired osteogenic differentiation and blocked their response to Osteolectin. Like Osteolectin deficient mice, Lepr-cre; Itga11fl/fl mice appeared grossly normal but exhibited reduced osteogenesis and accelerated bone loss during adulthood. Osteolectin binding to α11β1 promoted Wnt pathway activation, which was necessary for the osteogenic response to Osteolectin. This reveals a new mechanism for maintenance of adult bone mass: Wnt pathway activation by Osteolectin/α11β1 signaling. Throughout our lives, our bones undergo constant remodeling. Cells called osteoclasts break down old bone and cells called osteoblasts lay down new. Normally, the two cell types work in balance but if the rate of breakdown outpaces new bone formation the skeleton can become weak. This weakness leads to a condition called osteoporosis, in which people suffer from fragile bones. Osteoporosis is hard to reverse, in part because our ability to encourage new bone to form is limited. In 2016, researchers discovered a protein called osteolectin, which promotes new bone formation during adulthood by helping skeletal stem cells transform into bone cells. But so far, it has been unclear how osteolectin achieves this. To investigate this further, Shen et al. – including some researchers involved in the 2016 study – marked osteolectin with a molecular tag and tested what it bound on the surface of mouse and human bone marrow cells. The experiments revealed that osteolectin binds to a specific receptor protein called α11 integrin, which can only be found on skeletal stem cells and the osteoblasts they give rise to. Once osteolectin binds to the receptor, it activates a signaling pathway that induces the stem cells to develop into osteoblasts. Mice that lacked either osteolectin or α11 integrin produced less bone and lost bone tissue faster as adults. Osteolectin could potentially be useful in the treatment of osteoporosis or broken bones. Since only skeletal stem cells and osteoblasts cells produce α11 integrin, osteolectin would specifically target these cells without affecting cells that do not form bones. A next step will be to assess how well osteolectin compares to existing treatments for fragile bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Kristy Vardy
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Payton Hughes
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Rui Yue
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Genevieve M Crane
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Sean J Morrison
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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32
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Zheng CM, Wu CC, Lu CL, Hou YC, Wu MS, Hsu YH, Chen R, Chang TJ, Shyu JF, Lin YF, Lu KC. Hypoalbuminemia differently affects the serum bone turnover markers in hemodialysis patients. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1583-1592. [PMID: 31839746 PMCID: PMC6909808 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) represents bone disorders related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and several bone biomarkers are used clinically to predict ROD in CKD and hemodialysis (HD) patients. Serum albumin associates with inflammation other than nutritional status in these patients. Chronic inflammation is proved to relate with bone loss, however, the influence of hypoalbuminemia on bone biomarkers is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the pattern of bone biomarker changes and further studied the influence of hypoalbuminemia on these biomarkers. A total of 300 maintenance HD patients were evaluated and 223 HD patients were included in the study. The patients were grouped according to serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (PTH ≤150 pg/mL, PTH 150-300 pg/mL, PTH 300-600 pg/mL and PTH >600 pg/mL). Bone biomarkers and inflammatory markers were measured and their relation with PTH levels was determined. Significantly increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lower albumin levels were noted among PTH>600 pg/mL group. Bone turnover markers were significantly higher in PTH >600 pg/mL group (p< 0.05). Hypoalbuminemia significantly increased the fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and procollagen type 1N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) in PTH ≤150 pg/mL, PTH 150-300 pg/mL, PTH 300-600 pg/mL groups, whereas no such relation was noted among PTH> 600 ng/dL group. In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia represents a chronic inflammation which differently relates to bone turnover markers according to serum PTH levels in SHPT patients. Thus, serum albumin measurement should be considered in determining bone disorders among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Mei Zheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chia Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien Lin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chou Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 23155, Taiwan
| | - Mai Szu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Yung Ho Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Remy Chen
- Chief, Kidney Dialysis Center, Hasuda Hospital, Negane, Hasuda City, Saitama, 3490131, Japan
| | - Tian Jong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.,Performance Appraisal Section, Secretary Office, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia Fwu Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yuh Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Cheng Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
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Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is essential for signal transduction and cell metabolism, and is also an essential structural component of the extracellular matrix of the skeleton. Pi is sensed in bacteria and yeast at the plasma membrane, which activates intracellular signal transduction to control the expression of Pi transporters and other genes that control intracellular Pi levels. In multicellular organisms, Pi homeostasis must be maintained in the organism and at the cellular level, requiring an endocrine and metabolic Pi-sensing mechanism, about which little is currently known. This Review will discuss the metabolic effects of Pi, which are mediated by Pi transporters, inositol pyrophosphates and SYG1-Pho81-XPR1 (SPX)-domain proteins to maintain cellular phosphate homeostasis in the musculoskeletal system. In addition, we will discuss how Pi is sensed by the human body to regulate the production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), parathyroid hormone and calcitriol to maintain serum levels of Pi in a narrow range. New findings on the crosstalk between iron and Pi homeostasis in the regulation of FGF23 expression will also be outlined. Mutations in components of these metabolic and endocrine phosphate sensors result in genetic disorders of phosphate homeostasis, cardiomyopathy and familial basal ganglial calcifications, highlighting the importance of this newly emerging area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Chande
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clemens Bergwitz
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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34
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Xiao L, Fei Y, Hurley MM. FGF2 crosstalk with Wnt signaling in mediating the anabolic action of PTH on bone formation. Bone Rep 2018; 9:136-144. [PMID: 30258857 PMCID: PMC6152810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of the anabolic effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in bone are not fully defined. The bone anabolic effects of PTH require fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) as well as Wnt signaling and FGF2 modulates Wnt signaling in osteoblasts. In vivo PTH administration differentially modulated Wnt signaling in bones of wild type (WT) and in mice that Fgf2 was knocked out (Fgf2KO). PTH increased Wnt10b mRNA and protein in WT but not in KO mice. Wnt antagonist SOST mRNA and protein was significantly higher in KO group. However, PTH decreased Sost mRNA significantly in WT as well as in Fgf2KO mice, but to a lesser extent in Fgf2KO. Dickhopf 2 (DKK2) is critical for osteoblast mineralization. PTH increased Dkk2 mRNA in WT mice but the response was impaired in Fgf2KO mice. PTH significantly increased Lrp5 mRNA and phosphorylation of Lrp6 in WT but the increase was markedly attenuated in Fgf2KO mice. PTH increased β-catenin expression and Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity significantly in WT but not in Fgf2KO mice. These data suggest that the impaired bone anabolic response to PTH in Fgf2KO mice is partially mediated by attenuated Wnt signaling. In vivo PTH administration differentially modulated Wnt signaling in bones of WT and Fgf2KO mice. PTH treatment increased WNT10b and DKK2 expression in WT mice but the increase was blunted in Fgf2KO mice PTH increased Lrp5 mRNA and phosphorylation of Lrp6 in WT but the increase was markedly attenuated in Fgf2KO mice. PTH treatment increased β-catenin protein level and Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity in WT but not in Fgf2KO mice The impaired bone anabolic response to PTH in Fgf2KO mice is partially mediated by attenuated Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marja M. Hurley
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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35
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Chawla S, Sharma A, Bandyopadhyay A, Ghosh S. Developmental Biology-Inspired Strategies To Engineer 3D Bioprinted Bone Construct. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3545-3560. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Chawla
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aarushi Sharma
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amitabha Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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36
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Moorer MC, Riddle RC. Regulation of Osteoblast Metabolism by Wnt Signaling. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2018; 33:318-330. [PMID: 30112869 PMCID: PMC6145954 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2018.33.3.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in the achievement of peak bone mass, affecting the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors to the osteoblast lineage and the anabolic capacity of osteoblasts depositing bone matrix. Recent studies suggest that this evolutionarily-conserved, developmental pathway exerts its anabolic effects in part by coordinating osteoblast activity with intermediary metabolism. These findings are compatible with the cloning of the gene encoding the low-density lipoprotein related receptor-5 (LRP5) Wnt co-receptor from a diabetes-susceptibility locus and the now well-established linkage between Wnt signaling and metabolism. In this article, we provide an overview of the role of Wnt signaling in whole-body metabolism and review the literature regarding the impact of Wnt signaling on the osteoblast's utilization of three different energy sources: fatty acids, glucose, and glutamine. Special attention is devoted to the net effect of nutrient utilization and the mode of regulation by Wnt signaling. Mechanistic studies indicate that the utilization of each substrate is governed by a unique mechanism of control with β-catenin-dependent signaling regulating fatty acid β-oxidation, while glucose and glutamine utilization are β-catenin-independent and downstream of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, respectively. The emergence of these data has provided a new context for the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling influences bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Moorer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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37
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Wein MN, Kronenberg HM. Regulation of Bone Remodeling by Parathyroid Hormone. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a031237. [PMID: 29358318 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) exerts profound effects on skeletal homeostasis through multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Continuous hyperparathyroidism causes net loss of bone mass, despite accelerating bone formation by osteoblasts. Intermittent treatment with PTH analogs represents the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved bone anabolic osteoporosis treatment strategy. Functional PTH receptors are present on cells of the osteoblast lineage, ranging from early skeletal stem cells to matrix-embedded osteocytes. In addition, bone remodeling by osteoclasts liberates latent growth factors present within bone matrix. Here, we will provide an overview of the multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms through which PTH influences bone homeostasis. Notably, net skeletal effects of continuous versus intermittent can differ significantly. Where possible, we will highlight mechanisms through which continuous hyperparathyroidism leads to bone loss, and through which intermittent hyperparathyroidism boosts bone mass. Given the therapeutic usage of intermittent PTH (iPTH) treatment for osteoporosis, particular attention will be paid toward mechanisms underlying the bone anabolic effects of once daily PTH administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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38
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Mandourah AY, Ranganath L, Barraclough R, Vinjamuri S, Hof RV, Hamill S, Czanner G, Dera AA, Wang D, Barraclough DL. Circulating microRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8421. [PMID: 29849050 PMCID: PMC5976644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common age-related bone disease worldwide and is usually clinically asymptomatic until the first fracture happens. MicroRNAs are critical molecular regulators in bone remodelling processes and are stabilised in the blood. The aim of this project was to identify circulatory microRNAs associated with osteoporosis using advanced PCR arrays initially and the identified differentially-expressed microRNAs were validated in clinical samples using RT-qPCR. A total of 161 participants were recruited and 139 participants were included in this study with local ethical approvals prior to recruitment. RNAs were extracted, purified, quantified and analysed from all serum and plasma samples. Differentially-expressed miRNAs were identified using miRNA PCR arrays initially and validated in 139 serum and 134 plasma clinical samples using RT-qPCR. Following validation of identified miRNAs in individual clinical samples using RT-qPCR, circulating miRNAs, hsa-miR-122-5p and hsa-miR-4516 were statistically significantly differentially-expressed between non-osteoporotic controls, osteopaenia and osteoporosis patients. Further analysis showed that the levels of these microRNAs were associated with fragility fracture and correlated with the low bone mineral density in osteoporosis patients. The results show that circulating hsa-miR-122-5p and hsa-miR-4516 could be potential diagnostic biomarkers for osteoporosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Y Mandourah
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom.,Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lakshminarayan Ranganath
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Sobhan Vinjamuri
- Department Of Nuclear Medicine, The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Van'T Hof
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Hamill
- Department Of Nuclear Medicine, The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Czanner
- Department of Biostatistics and Eye and Vision Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Ayed A Dera
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Dong L Barraclough
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom.
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39
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Gossiel F, Scott JR, Paggiosi MA, Naylor KE, McCloskey EV, Peel NFA, Walsh JS, Eastell R. Effect of Teriparatide Treatment on Circulating Periostin and Its Relationship to Regulators of Bone Formation and BMD in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1302-1309. [PMID: 29365099 PMCID: PMC6457025 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with teriparatide parathyroid hormone amino terminal 1-34 increases bone formation and improves bone microarchitecture. A possible modulator of action is periostin. In vitro experiments have shown that periostin might regulate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through Wnt signaling. The effect of teriparatide on periostin is not currently known. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of teriparatide treatment on circulating levels of periostin and other regulators of bone formation and investigate how changes in periostin relate to changes in bone turnover markers, regulators of bone formation, and bone mineral density (BMD). PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN Twenty women with osteoporosis; a 2-year open-label single-arm study. INTERVENTION Teriparatide 20 µg was administered by subcutaneous injection daily for 104 weeks. Periostin, sclerostin, and Dickkopf-related protein 1, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), and C-telopeptide of type I collagen were measured in fasting serum collected at baseline (two visits) and then at weeks 1, 2, 4, 12, 26, 52, 78, and 104. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Periostin levels increased by 6.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), -0.4 to 13.5] after 26 weeks of teriparatide treatment and significantly by 12.5% (95% CI, 3.3 to 21.0; P < 0.01) after 52 weeks. The change in periostin correlated positively with the change in the lumbar spine BMD at week 52 (r = 0.567; 95% CI, 0.137 to 0.817; P < 0.05) and femoral neck BMD at week 104 (r = 0.682; 95% CI, 0.261 to 0.885; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Teriparatide therapy increases periostin secretion; it is unclear whether this increase mediates the effect of the drug on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gossiel
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Fatma Gossiel, BSc, The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| | - Jessica R Scott
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret A Paggiosi
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kim E Naylor
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene V McCloskey
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola F A Peel
- Metabolic Bone Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S Walsh
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Eastell
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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40
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Anastasilakis AD, Makras P, Pikilidou M, Tournis S, Makris K, Bisbinas I, Tsave O, Yovos JG, Yavropoulou MP. Changes of Circulating MicroRNAs in Response to Treatment With Teriparatide or Denosumab in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1206-1213. [PMID: 29309589 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Expression of microRNAs (miRs) related to bone metabolism in the serum may be affected by antiosteoporotic treatment. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of two antiosteoporotic agents with opposite effects on bone metabolism on miR expression profile in the serum. DESIGN Observational, open label, nonrandomized clinical trial. SETTING The outpatient clinics for Metabolic Bone Diseases of 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS Postmenopausal women with low bone mass were treated with either teriparatide (TPTD; n = 30) or denosumab (n = 30) for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in the serum expression of selected miRs linked to bone metabolism at 3 and 12 months of treatment. Secondary measurements: associations of measured miRs with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) at 12 months and the bone turnover markers (BTMs) C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide at 3 and 12 months. RESULTS We found significantly decreased relative expression of miR-33-3p at 3 months (P = 0.03) and of miR-133a at 12 months (P = 0.042) of TPTD treatment. BMD values at 12 months of TPTD treatment were significantly and inversely correlated with miR-124-3p expression at 3 months (P = 0.008). Relative expression of miR-24-3p and miR-27a was correlated with changes in BTMs during TPTD treatment and of miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-27a, miR-222-5p, and miR-335-5p with changes in BTMs during denosumab treatment. CONCLUSIONS Circulating miRs are differentially affected by treatment with TPTD and denosumab. TPTD affects the relative expression of miRs related to the expression of RUNX-2 (miR-33) and DKK-1 gene (miR-133).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Polyzois Makras
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force and VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pikilidou
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Symeon Tournis
- Laboratory of Research of Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis," Medical School, University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Makris
- Laboratory of Research of Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis," Medical School, University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Bisbinas
- First Department of Orthopedics, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Tsave
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John G Yovos
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria P Yavropoulou
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Pellicelli M, Hariri H, Miller JA, St-Arnaud R. Lrp6 is a target of the PTH-activated αNAC transcriptional coregulator. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:61-71. [PMID: 29413898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the nucleus of differentiated osteoblasts, the alpha chain of nascent polypeptide associated complex (αNAC) interacts with cJUN transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes, including Osteocalcin (Bglap2). PTH induces the phosphorylation of αNAC on serine 99 through a Gαs-PKA dependent pathway. This leads to activation of αNAC and expression of Bglap2. To identify additional target genes regulated by PTH-activated αNAC, we performed ChIP-Seq against αNAC in PTH-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. This identified Low density lipoprotein receptor-Related Protein 6 (Lrp6) as a potential αNAC target. LRP6 acts as a co-receptor for the PTH receptor to allow optimal activation of PTH signaling. PTH increased Lrp6 mRNA levels in primary osteoblasts. Conventional quantitative ChIP confirmed the ChIP-Seq results. To assess whether αNAC plays a critical role in PTH-stimulated Lrp6 expression, we knocked-down Naca expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Reduction of αNAC levels decreased basal expression of Lrp6 by 30% and blocked the stimulation of Lrp6 expression by PTH. We cloned the proximal mouse Lrp6 promoter (-2523/+120 bp) upstream of the luciferase reporter. Deletion and point mutations analysis in electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient transfections identified a functional αNAC binding site centered around -343 bp. ChIP and ChIP-reChIP against JUND and αNAC showed that they cohabit on the proximal Lrp6 promoter. Luciferase assays confirmed that PTH-activated αNAC potentiated JUND-mediated Lrp6 transcription and Jund knockdown abolished this response. This study identified a novel αNAC target gene induced downstream of PTH signaling and represents the first characterization of the regulation of Lrp6 transcription in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pellicelli
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Hadla Hariri
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, H4A 0A9, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Julie A Miller
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, H4A 0A9, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - René St-Arnaud
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, H4A 0A9, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, H3A 1A1, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, H3A 1A1, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, H3A 1A1, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada.
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42
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Bai S, Mu Z, Huang Y, Ji P. Guanylate Binding Protein 1 Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Bone Marrow. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1048. [PMID: 29348519 PMCID: PMC5773562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylate Binding Proteins (GBPs) are a group of cytokine-inducible large guanosine triphosphatase. Previous studies have shown high expression of GBP1 in circulating monocytes of premenopausal subjects was correlated to extremely low peak bone mass, which is considered as an important determinant of osteoporosis. However, whether GBPs play a role in regulation of osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that mRNA expression of GBP1 was highest among all the GBPs, and it was dramatically downregulated during osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs derived from bone marrow (hBM-MSCs). While siRNA-mediated knockdown of GBP1 promoted osteogenesis, overexpression of GBP1 suppressed osteogenesis of hBM-MSCs. Furthermore, we found GBP1 is required for expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 induced by treatment with Interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Depletion of GBP1 rescued the inhibited osteogenesis induced by IFN-γ treatment, at least in part. Collectively, our findings indicate GBP1 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and inhibition of GBP1 expression may prevent development of osteoporosis and facilitate MSC-based bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Bai
- Stomatological hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixiang Mu
- Stomatological hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanding Huang
- Stomatological hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Stomatological hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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Bisson SK, Ung RV, Mac-Way F. Role of the Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway in Renal Osteodystrophy. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:5893514. [PMID: 29808090 PMCID: PMC5901476 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5893514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification and bone fragility are common and interrelated health problems that affect chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Bone fragility, which leads to higher risk of fracture and mortality, arises from the abnormal bone remodeling and mineralization that are seen in chronic kidney disease. Recently, sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein 1 were suggested to play a significant role in CKD-related bone disease as they are known inhibitors of the Wnt pathway, thus preventing bone formation. This review focuses on new knowledge about the Wnt pathway in bone, how its function is affected by chronic kidney disease and how this affects bone structure. Expression of components and inhibitors of the Wnt pathway has been shown to be affected by the loss of kidney function, and a better understanding of the bone effects of Wnt pathway inhibitors could allow the development of new therapies to prevent bone fragility in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Kim Bisson
- Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roth-Visal Ung
- Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mac-Way
- Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Natural and synthetic polymers/bioceramics/bioactive compounds-mediated cell signalling in bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 110:88-96. [PMID: 28917940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a highly integrative and dynamic tissue of the human body. It is continually remodeled by bone cells such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts. When a fraction of a bone is damaged or deformed, stem cells and bone cells under the influence of several signaling pathways regulate bone regeneration at the particular locale. Effective therapies for bone defects can be met via bone tissue engineering which employs drug delivery systems with biomaterials to enhance cellular functions by acting on signaling pathways such as Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, and Notch. This review provides the current understanding of polymers/bioceramics/bioactive compounds as scaffolds in activation of signaling pathways for the formation of bone.
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45
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Yang Y, Lei H, Qiang YW, Wang B. Ixazomib enhances parathyroid hormone-induced β-catenin/T-cell factor signaling by dissociating β-catenin from the parathyroid hormone receptor. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1792-1803. [PMID: 28495797 PMCID: PMC5491187 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-02-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor ixazomib (Izb) dissociates β-catenin from the PTH receptor to enhance PTH stimulation of β-catenin/TCF signaling through the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. These findings provide a rationale for the use of Izb as an adjunct in the treatment of osteoporosis with PTH. The anabolic action of PTH in bone is mostly mediated by cAMP/PKA and Wnt-independent activation of β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) signaling. β-Catenin switches the PTH receptor (PTHR) signaling from cAMP/PKA to PLC/PKC activation by binding to the PTHR. Ixazomib (Izb) was recently approved as the first orally administered proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of multiple myeloma; it acts in part by inhibition of pathological bone destruction. Proteasome inhibitors were reported to stabilize β-catenin by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. However, how Izb affects PTHR activation to regulate β-catenin/TCF signaling is poorly understood. In the present study, using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology, we show that Izb reverses β-catenin–mediated PTHR signaling switch and enhances PTH-induced cAMP generation and cAMP response element–luciferase activity in osteoblasts. Izb increases active forms of β-catenin and promotes β-catenin translocation, thereby dissociating β-catenin from the PTHR at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, Izb facilitates PTH-stimulated GSK3β phosphorylation and β-catenin phosphorylation. Thus Izb enhances PTH stimulation of β-catenin/TCF signaling via cAMP-dependent activation, and this effect is due to its separating β-catenin from the PTHR. These findings provide evidence that Izb may be used to improve the therapeutic efficacy of PTH for the treatment of osteoporosis and other resorptive bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Hong Lei
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ya-Wei Qiang
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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47
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Varela A, Chouinard L, Lesage E, Smith SY, Hattersley G. One Year of Abaloparatide, a Selective Activator of the PTH1 Receptor, Increased Bone Formation and Bone Mass in Osteopenic Ovariectomized Rats Without Increasing Bone Resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:24-33. [PMID: 27748532 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abaloparatide is a novel 34-amino acid peptide selected to be a potent and selective activator of the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) signaling pathway with 41% homology to PTH(1-34) and 76% homology to PTHrP(1-34). A 12-month treatment study was conducted in osteopenic ovariectomized (OVX) rats to characterize the mechanisms by which abaloparatide increases bone mass. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to OVX or sham surgery at age 6 months and left untreated for 3 months to allow OVX-induced bone loss. Ten OVX rats were euthanized after this bone depletion period, and the remaining OVX rats received daily subcutaneous injections of vehicle (n = 18) or abaloparatide at 1, 5, or 25 μg/kg/d (n = 18/dose level) for 12 months. Sham controls (n = 18) received vehicle daily. Bone densitometry and biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption were assessed longitudinally, and L3 vertebra and tibia were collected at necropsy for histomorphometry. Abaloparatide increased biochemical bone formation markers without increasing bone resorption markers or causing hypercalcemia. Abaloparatide increased histomorphometric indices of bone formation on trabecular, endocortical, and periosteal surfaces without increasing osteoclasts or eroded surfaces. Abaloparatide induced substantial increases in trabecular bone volume and density and improvements in trabecular microarchitecture. Abaloparatide stimulated periosteal expansion and endocortical bone apposition at the tibial diaphysis, leading to marked increases in cortical bone volume and density. Whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) remained stable in OVX-Vehicle controls while increasing 25% after 12 months of abaloparatide (25 μg/kg). Histomorphometry and biomarker data suggest that gains in cortical and trabecular bone mass were attributable to selective anabolic effects of abaloparatide, without evidence for stimulated bone resorption. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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48
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Osagie-Clouard L, Sanghani A, Coathup M, Briggs T, Bostrom M, Blunn G. Parathyroid hormone 1-34 and skeletal anabolic action: The use of parathyroid hormone in bone formation. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:14-21. [PMID: 28062525 PMCID: PMC5227055 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.61.bjr-2016-0085.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittently administered parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) has been shown to promote bone formation in both human and animal studies. The hormone and its analogues stimulate both bone formation and resorption, and as such at low doses are now in clinical use for the treatment of severe osteoporosis. By varying the duration of exposure, parathyroid hormone can modulate genes leading to increased bone formation within a so-called 'anabolic window'. The osteogenic mechanisms involved are multiple, affecting the stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes and the stem cell niche, and ultimately leading to increased osteoblast activation, reduced osteoblast apoptosis, upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, increased stem cell mobilisation, and mediation of the RANKL/OPG pathway. Ongoing investigation into their effect on bone formation through 'coupled' and 'uncoupled' mechanisms further underlines the impact of intermittent PTH on both cortical and cancellous bone. Given the principally catabolic actions of continuous PTH, this article reviews the skeletal actions of intermittent PTH 1-34 and the mechanisms underlying its effect. CITE THIS ARTICLE L. Osagie-Clouard, A. Sanghani, M. Coathup, T. Briggs, M. Bostrom, G. Blunn. Parathyroid hormone 1-34 and skeletal anabolic action: The use of parathyroid hormone in bone formation. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:14-21. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.61.BJR-2016-0085.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Osagie-Clouard
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, London, UK
| | - A Sanghani
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, London, UK
| | - M Coathup
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, London, UK
| | - T Briggs
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, London, UK
| | - M Bostrom
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - G Blunn
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, London, UK
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49
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Ahi EP. Signalling pathways in trophic skeletal development and morphogenesis: Insights from studies on teleost fish. Dev Biol 2016; 420:11-31. [PMID: 27713057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the development of the vertebrate feeding apparatus, a variety of complicated cellular and molecular processes participate in the formation and integration of individual skeletal elements. The molecular mechanisms regulating the formation of skeletal primordia and their development into specific morphological structures are tightly controlled by a set of interconnected signalling pathways. Some of these pathways, such as Bmp, Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt, are long known for their pivotal roles in craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies addressing the functional details of their components and downstream targets, the mechanisms of their interactions with other signals as well as their potential roles in adaptive morphological divergence, are currently attracting considerable attention. An increasing number of signalling pathways that had previously been described in different biological contexts have been shown to be important in the regulation of jaw skeletal development and morphogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of signalling pathways involved in trophic skeletogenesis emphasizing studies of the most species-rich group of vertebrates, the teleost fish, which through their evolutionary history have undergone repeated episodes of spectacular trophic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Sims NA. Cell-specific paracrine actions of IL-6 family cytokines from bone, marrow and muscle that control bone formation and resorption. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:14-23. [PMID: 27497989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone renews itself and changes shape throughout life to account for the changing needs of the body; this requires co-ordinated activities of bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts), bone forming cells (osteoblasts) and bone's internal cellular network (osteocytes). This review focuses on paracrine signaling by the IL-6 family of cytokines between bone cells, bone marrow, and skeletal muscle in normal physiology and in pathological states where their levels may be locally or systemically elevated. These functions include the support of osteoclast formation by osteoblast lineage cells in response to interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 11 (IL-11), oncostatin M (OSM) and cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1). In addition it will discuss how bone-resorbing osteoclasts promote osteoblast activity by secreting CT-1, which acts as a "coupling factor" on osteocytes, osteoblasts, and their precursors to promote bone formation. OSM, produced by osteoblast lineage cells and macrophages, stimulates bone formation via osteocytes. IL-6 family cytokines also mediate actions of other bone formation stimuli like parathyroid hormone (PTH) and mechanical loading. CT-1, OSM and LIF suppress marrow adipogenesis by shifting commitment of pluripotent precursors towards osteoblast differentiation. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is released as a myokine from skeletal muscle and suppresses osteoblast differentiation and bone formation on the periosteum (outer bone surface in apposition to muscle). Finally, IL-6 acts directly on marrow-derived osteoclasts to stimulate release of "osteotransmitters" that act through the cortical osteocyte network to stimulate bone formation on the periosteum. Each will be discussed as illustrations of how the extended family of IL-6 cytokines acts within the skeleton in physiology and may be altered in pathological conditions or by targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
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