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Isowa M, Hamaguchi R, Narui R, Morikawa H, Okamoto T, Wada H. Exploring the Potential Use of Natural Products Together with Alkalization in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:787. [PMID: 38931908 PMCID: PMC11207558 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment is a significant focus in medicine, owing to the increasing global incidence of cancers. Patients with advanced cancers that do not respond to conventional therapies have limited options and an unfavorable prognosis. Consequently, researchers are investigating complementary approaches to conventional treatments. One such approach is alkalization therapy, which aims to neutralize the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) by increasing its pH level. The acidic TME promotes inflammation, tumor progression, and drug resistance. Alkalization therapy has been demonstrated to be effective for various cancers. In addition, natural products, such as triterpenoids, parthenolides, fulvic acid, Taxus yunnanensis, and apple pectin have the potential to alleviate symptoms, maintain physical fitness, and improve treatment outcomes of cancer patients through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. In this review, we focus on the effects of alkalization therapy and natural products on cancer. Furthermore, we present a case series of advanced cancer patients who received alkalization therapy and natural products alongside standard treatments, resulting in long-term survival. We posit that alkalization therapy together with supplementation with natural products may confer benefits to cancer patients, by mitigating the side effects of chemotherapy and complementing standard treatments. However, further research is warranted to validate these clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Isowa
- Japanese Society on Inflammation and Metabolism in Cancer, 119 Nishioshikouji-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-0842, Japan; (M.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Reo Hamaguchi
- Japanese Society on Inflammation and Metabolism in Cancer, 119 Nishioshikouji-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-0842, Japan; (M.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Ryoko Narui
- Japanese Society on Inflammation and Metabolism in Cancer, 119 Nishioshikouji-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-0842, Japan; (M.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Hiromasa Morikawa
- Japanese Society on Inflammation and Metabolism in Cancer, 119 Nishioshikouji-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-0842, Japan; (M.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Hiromi Wada
- Japanese Society on Inflammation and Metabolism in Cancer, 119 Nishioshikouji-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-0842, Japan; (M.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.W.)
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Fan P, Meng H, Hao W, Zheng Y, Li H, Zhang Z, Du L, Guo X, Wang D, Wang Y, Wu H. Cardamonin targets KEAP1/NRF2 signaling for protection against atherosclerosis. Food Funct 2023; 14:4905-4920. [PMID: 37157847 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00967j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS)-induced cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. To date, there is still a lack of effective approaches for AS intervention. Cardamonin (CAD) is a bioactive food component, but its effect on AS is unknown. In this work, CAD was investigated for its effect on AS using low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-stimulated endothelial cells (ECs). After a 12-week intervention, CAD was found to significantly prevent AS formation in the aortic root and aortic tree, reduce the necrotic core area, and inhibit aortic inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, CAD quenched TNF-α-provoked inflammation and oxidative stress in ECs. RNA-sequencing identified nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (NFE2L2, NRF2)/heme oxidase 1 (HO1) signaling to be drastically activated by CAD. CAD is a known activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) which is a transcription factor of the NFE2L2 gene. Surprisingly, AHR was not required for CAD's action on the activation of NRF2/HO1 signaling since AHR gene silencing did not reverse this effect. Furthermore, a molecular docking assay showed a strong binding potential of CAD to the Kelch domain of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) which sequesters NRF2 in the cytoplasm. Both CAD and the Kelch domain inhibitor Ki696 promoted NRF2 nuclear translocation, whereas the combination of CAD and Ki696 did not yield a greater effect compared with either CAD or Ki696, confirming the interaction of CAD with the Kelch domain. This work provides an experimental basis for CAD as a novel and effective bioactive food component in future AS interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Huali Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Wenhao Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Hui Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yunyan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
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Babazadeh A, Vahed FM, Liu Q, Siddiqui SA, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Natural Bioactive Molecules as Neuromedicines for the Treatment/Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3667-3683. [PMID: 36743024 PMCID: PMC9893457 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The brain is vulnerable to different types of stresses, particularly oxidative stress as a result of oxygen requirements/utilization in the body. Large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids present in the brain increase this vulnerability. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are brain disorders that are characterized by the gradual loss of specific neurons and are attributed to broad evidence of cell-level oxidative stress. The accurate characterization of neurological disorders relies on several parameters along with genetics and environmental risk factors, making therapies less efficient to fight NDDs. On the way to tackle oxidative damage and discover efficient and safe therapies, bioactives are at the edge of NDD science. Naturally occurring bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, essential fatty acids, phytosterols, essential oils, etc. are particularly of interest owing to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and they offer lots of brain-health-promoting features. This Review focuses on probing the neuroefficacy and bioefficacy of bioactives and their role in supporting relatively low antioxidative and low regenerative capacities of the brain, neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and ameliorating/treating NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Babazadeh
- Center
for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty
of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Fereshteh Mohammadi Vahed
- Center
for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty
of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute
of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical
University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German
Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing-Straße 7, 49610 D Quakenbrück, Germany
| | | | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department
of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4913815739, Iran
- Nutrition
and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food
Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade
de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- College
of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural
University, Baoding 071001, China
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Srivastava S, Dubey AK, Madaan R, Bala R, Gupta Y, Dhiman BS, Kumar S. Emergence of nutrigenomics and dietary components as a complementary therapy in cancer prevention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89853-89873. [PMID: 36367649 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an illness characterized by abnormal cell development and the capability to infiltrate or spread to rest of the body. A tumor is the term for this abnormal growth that develops in solid tissues like an organ, muscle, or bone and can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic systems. Nutrition is a critical and immortal environmental component in the development of all living organisms encoding the relationship between a person's nutrition and their genes. Nutrients have the ability to modify gene expression and persuade alterations in DNA and protein molecules which is researched scientifically in nutrigenomics. These interactions have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive dietary components as well as their site of action/molecular targets. Nutrigenomics encompasses nutrigenetics, epigenetics, and transcriptomics as well as other "omic" disciplines like proteomics and metabolomics to explain the vast disparities in cancer risk among people with roughly similar life style. Clinical trials and researches have evidenced that alternation of dietary habits is potentially one of the key approaches for reducing cancer risk in an individual. In this article, we will target how nutrigenomics and functional food work as preventive therapy in reducing the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Kumar Dubey
- Institute of Scholars, Bengaluru, 577102, Karnataka, India.
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, 110059, India.
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajni Bala
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Yugam Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
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Altannavch N, Zhou X, Khan MA, Ahmed A, Naranmandakh S, Fu JJ, Chen HC. Anti-Oxidant and Anticancerous Effect of Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr. Bond. et Sing) Mushroom on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro through NF-kB Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1561-1570. [PMID: 34102992 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr. Bond. et Sing) is a medicinal mushroom, commonly called 'Agarikon', traditionally used to treat cough and asthma in the Mongolian population. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the significance of biological activity of F. officinalis, and evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activity of six fractions of F. officinalis residues (Fo1-powder form dissolved in ethanol, Fo2-petroleum ether residue, Fo3-chloroformic, Fo4-ethylacetate, Fo5-buthanolic, and Fo6-water-ethanolic) against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS We performed in vitro studies of cell proliferation and viability assay, annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide assay, and NF-kB signaling pathway by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Our findings revealed that all six fractions/extracts have antioxidant activity, and somehow, they exert anticancerous effects against cancer cells. In cancerous cell lines (HepG2 and LO2), Fo3 chloroformic extract promoted the cancer cell apoptosis, cell viability, activated G2/M-phase cell cycle, and selectively induced NF-kB proteins, revealing itself as a novel antitumor extract. CONCLUSION This study reports that Fo3-chloroformic extract is rich in antitumor activity; it was previously not investigated in cancer. To study the impact of F. officinalis among natural products to treat/prevent oxidative stress disorders or cancers, further examinations are needed. However, this study assessed only one extract, Fo3-chloroformic, which has a significant impact on cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyamsambuu Altannavch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shinen Naranmandakh
- School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201. Mongolia
| | - Jun-Jiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Han-Chun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, China
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Koudela M, Schulzova V, Krmela A, Chmelarova H, Hajslova J, Novotny C. Effect of Agroecological Conditions on Biologically Active Compounds and Metabolome in Carrot. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040784. [PMID: 33916284 PMCID: PMC8066420 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrot serves as a source of health-beneficial phytochemicals for human diet whose content is affected by agroecological conditions. The effect of conventional, integrated and organic farming on ascorbic acid (AA) and α,β-carotene levels of new carrot cultivars Cortina F1 and Afalon F1 was investigated and their metabolomic profiles were measured by direct analysis in real time ion source coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (DART-HRMS). Cortina and Afalon exhibited high levels of AA and total carotenes under all agroecological conditions tested that fluctuated in broad ranges of 215–539 and 173–456 mg AA.kg−1 dry biomass and 1069–2165 and 1683–2165 mg carotene.kg−1 dry biomass, respectively. The ratio of β- to α-carotene in both cultivars was about 1.3. The most important variable for the PCA and the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models for ethyl acetate extracts measured in positive and negative ionization mode was 6-methoxymellein (6-MM). Total carotene content and 6-MM levels were higher in the organic carrot compared to the conventional one and were correlated with a higher level of spontaneous infection. Other important compounds identified were sitosterol, hexose and various organic acids including antioxidant ferulic and coumaric acids. The findings allow comparison of metabolomic profiles and the AA and carotene contents of both cultivars with those of other commercially used carrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Koudela
- Department of Horticulture, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Vera Schulzova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (A.K.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Ales Krmela
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (A.K.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Hana Chmelarova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (A.K.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (A.K.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Cenek Novotny
- Department of Horticulture, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-029-644-2767
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Ziadlou M, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Mozaffari Khosravi H, Hosseinpanah F, Barzin M, Khalaj A, Valizadeh M. Dietary macro- and micro-nutrients intake adequacy at 6th and 12th month post-bariatric surgery. BMC Surg 2020; 20:232. [PMID: 33046020 PMCID: PMC7549200 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery (BS) is considered as an effective solution to control morbid obesity. Food restrictions resulting from the operation may decrease dietary nutrient intakes, particularly during the first year after BS. This study mainly aimed to assess the adequacy of dietary nutrient intakes at 6th and 12th month after BS. METHOD Of the severely obese participants in the Tehran obesity treatment study in 2015-2016, 58 patients undergoing Roux-En-Y gastric bypass (N = 16) or sleeve gastrectomy (N = 42) were selected from Tehran Obesity Treatment Center. To assess the patients' dietary intake, a three-day, 24-h dietary recall was obtained on three unscheduled days (two non-consecutive weekdays and one weekend day) at 6th and 12th month after BS. To evaluate the adequacy of nutrient intake, the patients' intakes were compared to the current dietary reference intakes (DRIs), including estimated average requirements (EAR) or Adequate Intakes (AI). RESULTS The mean age of the participants (71% women) undergoing BS was 37 ± 8 years. Anthropometric parameters significantly decreased at the 12th month after BS. The percentage of energy from carbohydrate intake increased significantly between the 6th and 12th month after BS (P = 0.04). The mean ± SD of protein intake was lower than the recommended dosage with a dramatic decrease from 45 ± 30 to 31 ± 15 (g/day) between the two intervals (P = 0.001). The mean intake of saturated fatty acid (SFA) decreased dramatically (P < 0.001) from 6 to 12 month; however, the median intake of n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3-PUFA) intake increased (P = 0.02). None of the participants showed nutrient intake adequacy in terms of biotin, fat soluble vitamins, pantothenic acid, potassium, and zinc. Moreover, less than 10% of the participants showed nutrient intake adequacy in terms of folate, magnesium, manganese, and calcium according to DRIs during the both intervals after BS. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery can reduce dietary intakes, which is more obvious 12 months after the surgery. Out of 21 micronutrients, nearly all could not met the EAR and were received < 50%, also had significant reduction from the 6th to12th month after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ziadlou
- International Campus of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Maryam Barzin
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- Obesity Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
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Peng M, Tabashsum Z, Anderson M, Truong A, Houser AK, Padilla J, Akmel A, Bhatti J, Rahaman SO, Biswas D. Effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, and prebiotic-like components in common functional foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1908-1933. [PMID: 33337097 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive ingredients in commonly consumed foods include, but are not limited to, prebiotics, prebiotic-like components, probiotics, and postbiotics. The bioactive ingredients in functional foods have also been associated with beneficial effects on human health. For example, they aid in shaping of gut microflora and promotion of immunity. These functional components also contribute in preventing serious diseases such as cardiovascular malfunction and tumorigenesis. However, the specific mechanisms of these positive influences on human health are still under investigation. In this review, we aim to emphasize the major contents of probiotics, prebiotics, and prebiotic-like components commonly found in consumable functional foods, and we present an overview of direct and indirect benefits they provide on human health. The major contributors are certain families of metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by probiotics, and prebiotics, or prebiotic-like components such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and vitamins that are found in functional foods. These functional ingredients in foods influence the gut microbiota by stimulating the growth of beneficial microbes and the production of beneficial metabolites that, in turn, have direct benefits to the host, while also providing protection from pathogens and maintaining a balanced gut ecosystem. The complex interactions that arise among functional food ingredients, human physiology, the gut microbiota, and their respective metabolic pathways have been found to minimize several factors that contribute to the incidence of chronic disease, such as inflammation oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Zajeba Tabashsum
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Mary Anderson
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Andy Truong
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Ashley K Houser
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Joselyn Padilla
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Ahlam Akmel
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jacob Bhatti
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Shaik O Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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9
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Jo S, Song Y, Jeong JH, Hwang J, Kim Y. Geographical discrimination of Allium species (garlic and onion) using 1H NMR spectroscopy with multivariate analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1722160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yuyoung Song
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea
| | - Junghyun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yongae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea
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Barreto MR, Aleixo NA, Silvestre RB, Fregonezi NF, Barud HDS, Dias DDS, Ribeiro CA, Resende FA. Genotoxicological safety assessment of puree-only edible films from onion bulb (Allium cepa L.) for use in food packaging-related applications. J Food Sci 2019; 85:201-208. [PMID: 31876295 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The production of films and coatings from onion (Allium cepa L.) to be applied as packaging is attractive, due to its high nutritional and therapeutic value. Also, it can collaborate to minimize environmental impacts caused by the improper disposal of products made from plastics. However, despite it being an innovative and novel proposal, onion films for the development of edible packaging should be evaluated before being considered nontoxic and safe for human consumption. Thus, the objective of the present study was to elucidate the cytotoxic and mutagenic profile of eluates of polymer films of Allium cepa L. obtained by the casting process and to verify their safety for commercial purposes. The analysis of cellular viability demonstrated greater cytotoxicity for unwashed hydrothermally treated pulp (HTP) than for films of washed hydrothermally treated pulp (W-HTP). Regarding the mutagenic activity, the HTP and W-HTP films were not able to statistically increase the frequencies of the biomarkers for chromosome damage (micronucleus test) at the tested concentrations. However, the HTP films showed signs of mutagenicity in the Ames test (gene mutations), suggesting caution in their use. The detection of genotoxicity is highly recommended in order to avoid the risk of genotoxic exposure to mutagens and carcinogens. In conclusion, the absence of mutagenicity and cytotoxicity observed in this study is extremely relevant, because it provides support for toxicogenic properties of the Allium cepa films with promising applicability in the food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The bioplastics made from onion bulbs are multifunctional materials, which requires safety profile assessment. The results of the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity tests suggests that especially the W-HTP films are harmless, supporting at the first level of evidence, its safety potential to be used in the food industry (food films), biodegradable packaging, and biomaterials (substrates for drug delivery system).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rodrigues Barreto
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadia Andrade Aleixo
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Baldassari Silvestre
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália Ferreira Fregonezi
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernane da Silva Barud
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clovis Augusto Ribeiro
- São Paulo State Univ. (UNESP), Inst. of Chemistry, CEP 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- UNIARA-Univ. of Araraquara, Dept. of Biological Sciences and Health, CEP 14801-340, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Benzyl Isothiocyanate Induces Apoptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species-Initiated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DR4 and DR5 Death Receptor Activation in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120839. [PMID: 31817791 PMCID: PMC6995572 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is known to inhibit the metastasis of gastric cancer cells but further studies are needed to confirm its chemotherapeutic potential against gastric cancer. In this study, we observed cell shrinkage and morphological changes in one of the gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines, the AGS cells, after BITC treatment. We performed 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5- diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, a cell viability assay, and found that BITC decreased AGS cell viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analyses using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) revealed that BITC-induced cell death involved intracellular ROS production, which resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, cell viability was partially restored when BITC-treated AGS cells were preincubated with glutathione (GSH). Western blotting indicated that BITC regulated the expressions of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signaling molecules, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and cytochrome c (Cyt c). In addition, BITC increased death receptor DR5 expression, and activated the cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases) cascade. Overall, our results showed that BITC triggers apoptosis in AGS cells via the apoptotic pathways involved in ROS-promoted mitochondrial dysfunction and death receptor activation.
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12
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Phytochemicals in Daucus carota and Their Health Benefits-Review Article. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090424. [PMID: 31546950 PMCID: PMC6770766 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrots are a multi-nutritional food source. They are an important root vegetable, rich in natural bioactive compounds, which are recognised for their nutraceutical effects and health benefits. This review summarises the occurrence, biosynthesis, factors affecting concentration, and health benefits of phytochemicals found in Daucus carota. Two hundred and fifty-five articles including original research papers, books, and book chapters were analysed, of which one hundred and thirty articles (most relevant to the topic) were selected for writing the review article. The four types of phytochemicals found in carrots, namely phenolics, carotenoids, polyacetylenes, and ascorbic acid, were summarised. These chemicals aid in the risk reduction of cancer and cardiovascular diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, plasma lipid modification, and anti-tumour properties. Numerous factors influence the amount and type of phytochemicals present in carrots. Genotype (colour differences) plays an important role; high contents of α and β-carotene are present in orange carrots, lutein in yellow carrots, lycopene in red carrots, anthocyanins in the root of purple carrots, and phenolic compounds abound in black carrots. Carotenoids range between 3.2 mg/kg and 170 mg/kg, while vitamin C varies from 21 mg/kg to 775 mg/kg between cultivars. Growth temperatures of carrots influence the level of the sugars, carotenoids, and volatile compounds, so that growing in cool conditions results in a higher yield and quality of carrots, while higher temperatures would increase terpene synthesis, resulting in carrots with a bitter taste. It is worthwhile to investigate the cultivation of different genotypes under various environmental conditions to increase levels of phytochemicals and enhance the nutritional value of carrot, along with the valorisation of carrot by-products.
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13
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Eskra JN, Dodge A, Schlicht MJ, Bosland MC. Effects of Black Raspberries and Their Constituents on Rat Prostate Carcinogenesis and Human Prostate Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:672-685. [PMID: 31402717 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1650943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer patients often use dietary supplements, such as black raspberries, which are a rich source of compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activity, particularly on gastrointestinal cancers. Feeding black raspberries inhibited mammary cancer induction in rats and growth of cancer cells in nude mice, indicating systemic bioavailability of bioactive compounds. We tested whether feeding black raspberries and its constituents would inhibit prostate cancer development. However, we did not find preventive effects in two rat prostate carcinogenesis models, even though the berry anthocyanin metabolite protocatechuic acid was detectable in their prostates. Black raspberry extract, the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-rutinoside and protocatechuic acid did not inhibit prostate cancer cell growth in vitro, but ellagic acid and its urolithin A metabolite did at high concentrations. Prostate cancer cell migration was not affected by these agents nor was growth in soft agar, except that ellagic acid reduced colony formation at physiological concentrations and protocatechuic acid at high concentrations. Low bioavailability of bioactive berry compounds and metabolites may limit exposure of tissues such as the prostate, since we found that cyanidin-3-rutinoside was not bioavailable to prostate cancer cells, but its aglycone cyanidin was and inhibited their growth. Thus, black raspberries are unlikely to prevent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian N Eskra
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alaina Dodge
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Schlicht
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maarten C Bosland
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Du Z, Zhang S, Lin Y, Zhou L, Wang Y, Yan G, Zhang M, Wang M, Li J, Tong Q, Duan Y, Du G. Momordicoside G Regulates Macrophage Phenotypes to Stimulate Efficient Repair of Lung Injury and Prevent Urethane-Induced Lung Carcinoma Lesions. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:321. [PMID: 30984004 PMCID: PMC6450463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordicoside G is a bioactive component from Momordica charantia, this study explores the contributions of macrophages to the effects of momordicoside G on lung injury and carcinoma lesion. In vitro, when administered at the dose that has no effect on cell viability in M2-like macrophages, momordicoside G decreased ROS and promoted autophagy and thus induced apoptosis in M1-like macrophages with the morphological changes. In the urethane-induced lung carcinogenic model, prior to lung carcinoma lesions, urethane induced obvious lung injury accompanied by the increased macrophage infiltration. The lung carcinoma lesions were positively correlated with lung tissue injury and macrophage infiltration in alveolar cavities in the control group, these macrophages showed mainly a M1-like (iNOS+/CD68+) phenotype. ELISA showed that the levels of IL-6 and IL-12 were increased and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were reduced in the control group. After momordicoside G treatment, lung tissue injury and carcinoma lesions were ameliorated with the decreased M1-like macrophages and the increased M2-like (arginase+/CD68+) macrophages, whereas macrophage depletion by liposome-encapsulated clodronate (LEC) decreased significantly lung tissue injury and carcinoma lesions and also attenuated the protective efficacy of momordicoside G. The M2 macrophage dependent efficacy of momordicoside G was confirmed in a LPS-induced lung injury model in which epithelial closure was promoted by the transfer of M2-like macrophages and delayed by the transfer of M1-like macrophages. To acquire further insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms by which momordicoside G regulates M1 macrophages, we conduct a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of momordicoside G relevant targets and pathways involved in M1 macrophage phenotype. This study suggests a function of momordicoside G, whereby it selectively suppresses M1 macrophages to stimulate M2-associated lung injury repair and prevent inflammation-associated lung carcinoma lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Du
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yukun Lin
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guixi Yan
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiahuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiaozhen Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yongjian Duan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Gangjun Du
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Xinzheng, China
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15
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In vivo antigenotoxic activity of Diplotaxis tenuifolia against cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage: Relevance of modulation of hepatic ABC efflux transporters. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:72-78. [PMID: 30442348 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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David IMB, de Souza Fernandes F, Dos Santos Silva Ferreira JB, Lüdtke DD, Martins DF, Bobinski F, da Silva TBGC, Buffon LD, Kopper MBR, da Silva GS, Zeferino RC, Pedrosa RC, Kviecinski MR. Dietary supplementation with procyanidin-rich Pinus pinaster extract is associated with attenuated Ehrlich tumor development in mice. Nutr Res 2018; 62:41-50. [PMID: 30803506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are related to cancer initiation and progression. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with a procyanidin-rich Pinus pinaster extract (Pyc) with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects could induce systemic protection, thereby attenuating tumor development. To test our hypothesis, mice were subjected to long-term supplementation (20 days, every 24 h) with saline, 25 mg/kg resveratrol or 100 mg/kg Pyc. Pyc was administered at a maximum tolerated oral dose, previously determined using toxicity indicators. Ten days after Ehrlich ascites tumor induction, weight gain and abdominal circumference increase were calculated. Ascitic fluid from six mice/group was evaluated by determining total volume; tumor packed cell volume; cell viability; tumor cell death type; inflammatory infiltrate; and levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), carbonyl proteins, lipid peroxidation, cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) expression and Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt). Ten mice/group were monitored to evaluate survival. Pyc and resveratrol were associated with reduced weight gain (>30%), abdominal circumference and ascitic volume. Tumor packed cell volume was reduced in Pyc-supplemented mice (26%), which had the largest tumor cell count reduction (>35%), increased ascitic fluid apoptosis rates (20%) and the longest survival (>2-fold). Pyc and resveratrol treatment both reduced inflammatory infiltrate and levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, carbonyl proteins, lipid peroxidation (~ 30%) and p-Akt (up to 4-fold). Only Pyc significantly inhibited COX-2. Pyc attenuated oxidative and inflammation mediators and impaired tumor development, supporting our hypothesis and suggesting Pyc as a candidate for future studies in multitargeted dietary-based cancer prevention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Machado Barbosa David
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Flávia de Souza Fernandes
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniela Dero Lüdtke
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Fernandes Martins
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | | | - Luiza Daux Buffon
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Maria Biatriz Rodrigues Kopper
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Silveira da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Costa Zeferino
- Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, - SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Rozangela Curi Pedrosa
- Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, - SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Maicon Roberto Kviecinski
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
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17
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Fruits and vegetables, as a source of nutritional compounds and phytochemicals: Changes in bioactive compounds during lactic fermentation. Food Res Int 2018; 104:86-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Östreicher C, Bartenbacher S, Pischetsrieder M. Targeted proteome analysis with isotope-coded protein labels for monitoring the influence of dietary phytochemicals on the expression of cytoprotective proteins in primary human colon cells. J Proteomics 2017; 166:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Puccinelli MT, Stan SD. Dietary Bioactive Diallyl Trisulfide in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081645. [PMID: 28788092 PMCID: PMC5578035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive dietary agents have been shown to regulate multiple cancer hallmark pathways. Epidemiologic studies have linked consumption of Allium vegetables, such as garlic and onions, to decreased incidence of cancer. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a bioactive compound derived from Allium vegetables, has been investigated as an anti-cancer and chemopreventive agent. Preclinical studies provide ample evidence that DATS regulates multiple cancer hallmark pathways including cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. DATS has been shown to arrest cancer cells at multiple stages of the cell cycle with the G2/M arrest being the most widely reported. Additionally, increased pro-apoptotic capacity as a result of regulating intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway components has been widely reported following DATS treatment. Invasion, migration, and angiogenesis represent emerging targets of DATS and support its anti-cancer properties. This review summarizes DATS mechanisms of action as an anti-cancer and chemopreventive agent. These studies provide rationale for future investigation into its use as a cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Puccinelli
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Silvia D Stan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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20
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Ishak KA, Annuar MSM, Ahmad N. Optimization of Water/Oil/Surfactant System for Preparation of Medium-Chain-Length Poly-3-Hydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA)-Incorporated Nanoparticles via Nanoemulsion Templating Technique. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:1191-1208. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Yousr MN, Aloqbi AA, Omar UM, Howell NK. Antiproliferative Activity of Egg Yolk Peptides in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:674-681. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1295087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Singh KB, Singh SV. Fatty Acid Synthesis Intermediates Represent Novel Noninvasive Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention by Phenethyl Isothiocyanate. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:279-289. [PMID: 28292742 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids is a distinctive feature of prostate cancer, which continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among American men. Therefore, inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis represents an attractive strategy for chemoprevention of prostate cancer. We have shown previously that dietary feeding of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a phytochemical derived from edible cruciferous vegetables such as watercress, inhibits incidence and burden of poorly differentiated prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis of whether fatty acid intermediate(s) can serve as noninvasive biomarker(s) of prostate cancer chemoprevention by PEITC using archived plasma and tumor specimens from the TRAMP study as well as cellular models of prostate cancer. Exposure of prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and 22Rv1) to pharmacologic concentrations of PEITC resulted in downregulation of key fatty acid metabolism proteins, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A). The mRNA expression of FASN and CPT1A as well as acetyl-CoA levels were decreased by PEITC treatment in both cell lines. PEITC administration to TRAMP mice also resulted in a significant decrease in tumor expression of FASN protein. Consistent with these findings, the levels of total free fatty acids, total phospholipids, triglyceride, and ATP were significantly lower in the plasma and/or prostate tumors of PEITC-treated TRAMP mice compared with controls. The current study is the first to implicate inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in prostate cancer chemoprevention by PEITC. Cancer Prev Res; 10(5); 279-89. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna B Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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23
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Kiesel VA, Stan SD. Diallyl trisulfide, a chemopreventive agent from Allium vegetables, inhibits alpha-secretases in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:833-838. [PMID: 28161636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer affects one in eight women throughout the course of their lifetime creating a demand for novel prevention strategies against this disease. The Notch signaling pathway is often aberrantly activated in human malignancies including breast cancer. Alpha secretases, including ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease) -10 and -17, are proteases that play a key role in the cleavage of cell surface molecules and subsequent ligand-mediated activation of Notch signaling pathway. High expression levels of ADAM10 and 17 have been clinically associated with a lower disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a bioactive organosulfide found in garlic and other Allium vegetables, on alpha secretases in breast cancer cells. Here we report for the first time that DATS inhibits the expression of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 and estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and in Harvey-ras (H-Ras) transformed MCF10A-H-Ras breast epithelial cells. We also show that DATS induces a dose-dependent reduction in colony formation ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, suggesting a long-term effect of DATS on growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that DATS inhibits the Notch ligands Jagged-1 and Jagged-2 involved in activation of Notch signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings show that DATS targets Notch pathway components overexpressed in breast cancer tumors and may serve as a functionally relevant bioactive for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet A Kiesel
- Department of Nutrition Science, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Silvia D Stan
- Department of Nutrition Science, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
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24
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Lee JI, Kim IH, Nam TJ. Crude extract and solvent fractions of Calystegia soldanella induce G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle in HepG2 cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:414-420. [PMID: 28101580 PMCID: PMC5238786 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The representative halophyte Calystegia soldanella (L) Roem. et Schult is a perennial vine herb that grows in coastal dunes throughout South Korea as well as in other regions around the world. This plant has long been used as an edible and medicinal herb to cure rheumatic arthritis, sore throat, dropsy, and scurvy. Some studies have also shown that this plant species exhibits various biological activities. However, there are few studies on cytotoxicity induced by C. soldanella treatment in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, we investigated the viability of HepG2 cells following treatment with crude extracts and four solvent-partitioned fractions of C. soldanella. Of the crude extract and four solvent fractions tested, treatment with the 85% aqueous methanol (aq. MeOH) fraction resulted in the greatest inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry showed that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction induced a G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle progression. The 85% aq. MeOH fraction arrested HepG2 cells at the G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner, and resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, CDK4, CDK6, p21, and p27. Additionally, the 85% aq. MeOH fraction treatment also arrested HepG2 cells in the S phase, with decreased expression of cyclin A, CDK2, and CDC25A. Also, treatment with this fraction reduced the expression of retinoblastoma (RB) protein and the transcription factor E2F. These results suggest that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction exhibits potential anticancer activity in HepG2 cells by inducing G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Im Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Scientific Evidence of Rice By-Products for Cancer Prevention: Chemopreventive Properties of Waste Products from Rice Milling on Carcinogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9017902. [PMID: 28210630 PMCID: PMC5292171 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9017902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health concern affecting men and women worldwide. Although current chemopreventive drugs could inhibit the growth of cancer cells, they exert many adverse side effects. Dietary factor plays a crucial role in the management of cancers and has drawn the attention of researchers to be used as an option to combat this disease. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that rice and its by-products display encouraging results in the prevention of this disease. The mechanism of anticancer effect is suggested partly through potentiation of bioactive compounds like vitamin E, phytic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), γ-oryzanol, and phenolics. Nevertheless, the bioactivity of rice and its by-products is still incompletely understood. In this review, we present the findings from a preclinical study both in in vitro and in animal experiments on the promising role of rice by-products with focus on cancer prevention.
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Samanta SK, Sehrawat A, Kim SH, Hahm ER, Shuai Y, Roy R, Pore SK, Singh KB, Christner SM, Beumer JH, Davidson NE, Singh SV. Disease Subtype-Independent Biomarkers of Breast Cancer Chemoprevention by the Ayurvedic Medicine Phytochemical Withaferin A. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 109:2758643. [PMID: 28040797 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A nontoxic chemopreventive intervention efficacious against different subtypes of breast cancer is still a clinically unmet need. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of an Ayurvedic medicine phytochemical (Withaferin A, [WA]) for chemoprevention of breast cancer and to elucidate its mode of action. Methods Chemopreventive efficacy of WA (4 and 8 mg/kg body weight) was determined using a rat model of breast cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU; n = 14 for control group, n = 15 for 4 mg/kg group, and n = 18 for 8 mg/kg group). The mechanisms underlying breast cancer chemoprevention by WA were elucidated by immunoblotting, biochemical assays, immunohistochemistry, and cytokine profiling using plasma and tumors from the MNU-rat (n = 8-12 for control group, n = 7-11 for 4 mg/kg group, and n = 8-12 for 8 mg/kg group) and/or mouse mammary tumor virus-neu (MMTV-neu) models (n = 4-11 for control group and n = 4-21 for 4 mg/kg group). Inhibitory effect of WA on exit from mitosis and leptin-induced oncogenic signaling was determined using MCF-7 and/or MDA-MB-231 cells. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Incidence, multiplicity, and burden of breast cancer in rats were decreased by WA administration. For example, the tumor weight in the 8 mg/kg group was lower by about 68% compared with controls (8 mg/kg vs control, mean = 2.76 vs 8.59, difference = -5.83, 95% confidence interval of difference = -9.89 to -1.76, P = .004). Mitotic arrest and apoptosis induction were some common determinants of breast cancer chemoprevention by WA in the MNU-rat and MMTV-neu models. Cytokine profiling showed suppression of plasma leptin levels by WA in rats. WA inhibited leptin-induced oncogenic signaling in cultured breast cancer cells. Conclusions WA is a promising chemopreventative phytochemical with the ability to inhibit at least two different subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yongli Shuai
- Department of Biostatistics.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Ruchi Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | | | | | | | - Jan H Beumer
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
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Shang HS, Shih YL, Lu TJ, Lee CH, Hsueh SC, Chou YC, Lu HF, Liao NC, Chung JG. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) induces apoptosis of GBM 8401 human brain glioblastoma multiforms cells via activation of caspase-8/Bid and the reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1751-1760. [PMID: 28675694 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is one of member of the isothiocyanate family which has been shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis in many human cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BITC on the growth of GBM 8401 human brain glioblastoma multiforms cells. Results indicated that BITC-induced cell morphological changes decreased in the percentage of viable GBM8401 cells and these effects are dose-dependent manners. Results from flow cytometric assay indicated that BITC induced sub-G1 phase and induction of apoptosis of GBM 8401 cells. Furthermore, results also showed that BITC promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ release, but decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) and promoted caspase-8, -9, and -3 activates. After cells were pretreated with Z-IETD-FMK, Z-LEHD-FMK, and Z-DEVD-FMK (caspase-8, -9, and -3 inhibitors, respectively) led to decrease in the activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and increased the percentage of viable GBM 8401 cells that indicated which BITC induced cell apoptosis through caspase-dependent pathways. Western blotting indicated that BITC induced Fas, Fas-L, FADD, caspase-8, caspase -3, and pro-apoptotic protein (Bax, Bid, and Bak), but inhibited the ant-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-x) in GBM 8401 cells. Furthermore, BITC increased the release of cytochrome c, AIF, and Endo G from mitochondria that led to cell apoptosis. Results also showed that BITC increased GADD153, GRP 78, XBP-1, and ATF-6β, IRE-1α, IRE-1β, Calpain 1 and 2 in GBM 8401 cells, which is associated with ER stress. Based on these observations, we may suggest that BITC-induced apoptosis might be through Fas receptor, ROS induced ER stress, caspase-3, and mitochondrial signaling pathways. Taken together, these molecular alterations and signaling pathways offer an insight into BITC-caused growth inhibition and induced apoptotic cell death of GBM 8401 cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1751-1760, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Sheng Shang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tai-Jung Lu
- Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Hsiao Lee
- Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ching Hsueh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nien-Chieh Liao
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Sehrawat A, Kim SH, Hahm ER, Arlotti JA, Eiseman J, Shiva SS, Rigatti LH, Singh SV. Cancer-selective death of human breast cancer cells by leelamine is mediated by bax and bak activation. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:337-348. [PMID: 27149078 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study is the first to report inhibition of breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and suppression of self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells (bCSC) by a pine bark component (leelamine). Except for a few recent publications in melanoma, anticancer pharmacology of this interesting phytochemical is largely elusive. Leelamine (LLM) dose-dependently inhibited viability of MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative), MCF-7 (estrogen receptor-positive), and SUM159 (triple-negative) human breast cancer cells in association with apoptotic cell death induction. To the contrary, a normal mammary epithelial cell line derived from fibrocystic breast disease and spontaneously immortalized (MCF-10A) was fully resistant to LLM-mediated cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. LLM also inhibited self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells. Apoptosis induction by LLM in breast cancer cells was accompanied by a modest increase in reactive oxygen species production, which was not due to inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes. Nevertheless, ectopic expression of manganese superoxide dismutase conferred partial protection against LLM-induced cell death but only at a lower yet pharmacologically relevant concentration. Exposure of breast cancer cells to LLM resulted in (a) induction and/or activation of multidomain proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, (b) caspase-9 activation, and (c) cytosolic release of cytochrome c. Bax and Bak deficiency in immortalized fibroblasts conferred significant protection against cell death by LLM. Intraperitoneal administration of LLM (7.5 mg/kg; 5 times/wk) suppressed the growth of orthotopic SUM159 xenografts in mice without any toxicity. In conclusion, the present study provides critical preclinical data to warrant further investigation of LLM. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie A Arlotti
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie Eiseman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti S Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Wang S, Li P, Lu SM, Ling ZQ. Chemoprevention of Low-Molecular-Weight Citrus Pectin (LCP) in Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:746-56. [PMID: 27194951 PMCID: PMC4870717 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: Low-molecular-weight citrus pectin (LCP) is a complex polysaccharide that displays abundant galactosyl (i.e., sugar carbohydrate) residues. In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor properties of LCP that lead to Bcl-xL -mediated dampening of apoptosis in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Methods: We used AGS gastric cancer and SW-480 colorectal cancer cells to elucidate the effects of LCP on cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis in cultured cells and tumor xenografts. Results: Significantly decreased cell viabilities were observed in LCP treated AGS and SW-480 cells (P<0.05). Cell cycle-related protein expression, such as Cyclin B1, was also decreased in LCP treated groups as compared to the untreated group. The AGS or SW-480 cell-line tumor xenografts were significantly smaller in the LCP treated group as compared the untreated group (P<0.05). LCP treatment decreased Galectin-3 (GAL-3) expression levels, which is an important gene in cancer metastasis that results in reversion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased suppression of Bcl-xL and Survivin to promote apoptosis. Moreover, results demonstrated synergistic tumor suppressor activity of LCP and 5-FU against gastrointestinal cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: LCP effectively inhibits the growth and metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer cells, and does so in part by down-regulating Bcl-xL and Cyclin B to promote apoptosis, and suppress EMT. Thus, LCP alone or in combination with other treatments has a high potential as a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wang
- 1. Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No.38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R.China.; 2. Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No.38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R.China
| | - Pei Li
- 3. Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Sheng-Min Lu
- 4. Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 298 Desheng Rd., Hangzhou 310021, P.R.China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- 1. Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No.38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R.China
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A new dammarane-type saponin from Gynostemma pentaphyllum induces apoptosis in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1754-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Miller-Cebert RL, Boateng J, Cebert E, Shackelford L, Verghese M. Chemopreventive Potential of Canola Leafy Greens and Other Cruciferous Vegetables on Azoxymethane (AOM)-Induced Colon Cancer in Fisher-344 Male Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2016.711095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Roy M, Sarkar R, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee S. Inhibition of crosstalk between Bcr-Abl and PKC signaling by PEITC, augments imatinib sensitivity in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:195-201. [PMID: 26456889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a clonal hyperproliferation of immature blood cells accounts for 20% of adult leukemia cases. Reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, results into Bcr-Abl fusion and is responsible for expression of a tyrosine kinase protein p210(bcr/abl), which mediates several survival pathways and confer therapeutic resistance. Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of serine threonine kinases play an important role in the process of leukemogenesis. A crosstalk between Bcr-Abl and PKC signaling has been documented. Therefore, targeting p210(bcr/abl) and its associated signaling proteins using non-toxic natural means will be an effective strategy for antileukemic therapy. Aim of the present study is to investigate whether PEITC, a natural isothiocyanate in combination with imatinib mesylate (IM), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor could increase the therapeutic efficacy of IM by modulating the expression of p210(bcr/abl). Enhanced cytotoxic efficacy of IM by PEITC was further validated using another myelogenous leukemia cell line, KU812. It was observed that PEITC in combination with IM efficiently downregulated the expression of p210(bcr/abl) in chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines (K-562). PEITC inhibited the expressions of PKCα, PKCβII and PKCζ (both phosphorylated and total form). Expression of Raf1 and ERK1/2, two important target proteins in PKC signaling cascade was diminished. The result indicated that PEITC ultimately reduced expression of Raf1 and ERK1/2 through Bcr-Abl and PKC inhibition. This result was further confirmed by UCN-01, a selective PKC inhibitor and IM; indicating an association between p210(bcr/abl) and PKC with Raf1 and ERK1/2. PEITC thus may have enormous potential in synergistic therapy of leukemia by enhancing drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Roy
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India.
| | - Ruma Sarkar
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Apurba Mukherjee
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
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Torres S, Gil R, Silva MF, Pacheco P. Determination of seleno-amino acids bound to proteins in extra virgin olive oils. Food Chem 2015; 197:400-5. [PMID: 26616967 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method has been developed to determine seleno-amino acids in proteins extracted from extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs). Different aqueous/organic solvents were tested to isolate proteins, an acetone:n-hexane combination being the best protein precipitant. In a first dimension chromatography, extracted proteins were analysed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to identify S and Se associations as proteins marker. Two fractions of 66 kDa (A) and 443 kDa (B) were identified. These fractions were submitted to microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis (MAAH) to release seleno-amino acids. In a second dimension chromatography seleno-amino acids were determined by reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) coupled to ICP-MS. Seleno-methylselenocysteine was determined with values ranging from 1.03-2.03±0.2 μg kg(-1) and selenocysteine at a concentration of 1.47±0.1 μg kg(-1). Variations of protein and seleno-amino acid concentrations were observed between EVOO varieties, contributing to EVOO cultivar differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabier Torres
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Raul Gil
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Silva
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria CP 5505, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Pablo Pacheco
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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Li B, Zheng F, Chauvin JPR, Pratt DA. The medicinal thiosulfinates from garlic and Petiveria are not radical-trapping antioxidants in liposomes and cells, but lipophilic analogs are. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6165-6178. [PMID: 30090232 PMCID: PMC6054074 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02270c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The radical-trapping antioxidant (RTA) activities of allicin and petivericin, thiosulfinates widely believed responsible for the medicinal properties of garlic and Petiveria, were determined in phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers and mammalian cell culture.
The radical-trapping antioxidant (RTA) activities of allicin and petivericin, thiosulfinates widely believed responsible for the medicinal properties of garlic and Petiveria, were determined in phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers. The results indicate that both compounds are surprisingly ineffective, in sharp contrast with previous studies in organic solution which showed that they undergo facile Cope elimination to produce sulfenic acids – potent radical-trapping agents. In an effort to understand the medium dependence of this activity, a more lipophilic (hexylated) analog of petivericin was synthesized and shown to be among the most effective RTAs known, but only in the presence of a hydrophilic thiol (e.g. N-acetylcysteine). Additional symmetric and unsymmetric thiosulfinates were synthesized to shed light on the structural features that underlie this reactivity. These studies reveal that amphiphilic thiosulfinates which undergo S-thiolation with a hydrophilic thiol to give lipophilic sulfenic acids are required, and that an activated methylene group – key to promote Cope elimination – is not. Interestingly, the added thiol was also found to regenerate the sulfenic acid following its reaction with peroxyl radicals. This activity was diminished at more acidic pH, suggesting that it occurs by electron transfer from the thiolate. Allicin, petivericin and hexylated petivericin were assayed as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation in human TF1a erythroblasts and HEK-293 kidney cells, revealing similar efficacies in the low μM range – the same range in which allicin and petivericin were found to induce cell death concomitant with, or as a result of, glutathione (GSH) depletion. In contrast, hexylated petivericin was not cytotoxic throughout the concentration range assayed, and had no effect on GSH levels. Taken together, the results in lipid bilayers and in cell culture suggest that the greater lipophilicity of hexylated petivericin enables it to partition to membranous cell compartments where it forms a lipid-soluble sulfenic acid that traps peroxyl radicals, whereas allicin and petivericin partition to the cytosol where they deplete GSH and induce cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie Pvt. , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1-613-562-5800 ext. 2119
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie Pvt. , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1-613-562-5800 ext. 2119
| | - Jean-Philippe R Chauvin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie Pvt. , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1-613-562-5800 ext. 2119
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie Pvt. , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1-613-562-5800 ext. 2119
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Alarcón-Flores MI, Romero-González R, Vidal JLM, Frenich AG. Systematic Study of the Content of Phytochemicals in Fresh and Fresh-Cut Vegetables. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:345-58. [PMID: 26783709 PMCID: PMC4665473 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables and fruits have beneficial properties for human health, because of the presence of phytochemicals, but their concentration can fluctuate throughout the year. A systematic study of the phytochemical content in tomato, eggplant, carrot, broccoli and grape (fresh and fresh-cut) has been performed at different seasons, using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. It was observed that phenolic acids (the predominant group in carrot, eggplant and tomato) were found at higher concentrations in fresh carrot than in fresh-cut carrot. However, in the case of eggplant, they were detected at a higher content in fresh-cut than in fresh samples. Regarding tomato, the differences in the content of phenolic acids between fresh and fresh-cut were lower than in other matrices, except in winter sampling, where this family was detected at the highest concentration in fresh tomato. In grape, the flavonols content (predominant group) was higher in fresh grape than in fresh-cut during all samplings. The content of glucosinolates was lower in fresh-cut broccoli than in fresh samples in winter and spring sampling, although this trend changes in summer and autumn. In summary, phytochemical concentration did show significant differences during one-year monitoring, and the families of phytochemicals presented different behaviors depending on the matrix studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Alarcón-Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - José Luis Martínez Vidal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
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Zhong S, Liu S, Chen S, Liu H, Zhou S, Qin X, Wang W. Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Bovine Alpha-lactalbumin-oleic Acid Complex in Human Breast Cancer Cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University
| | - Shouchun Liu
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science
| | - Suhua Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University
| | - Hai Liu
- Modern Biochemistry Center, Department of Experimental Teaching, Guangdong Ocean University
| | - Siyi Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University
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Ebadi P, Karimi MH, Amirghofran Z. Plant components for immune modulation targeting dendritic cells: implication for therapy. Immunotherapy 2014; 6:1037-53. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plant utilization is as old as human life. There are thousands of herbs consumed for medicinal purposes all over the world, especially in east. Their value has not decreased over time and many modern pharmaceuticals have originated from traditional medicinal plants. Studying the reason for their influence is an attractive field of medicine. Among various types of herbs, some function via their immunomodulatory effects. Experiments have shown the regulatory influences of several plants on each type of immune cell, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and NK cells. Because of the prominent role of DCs in antigen presentation as the major APC, this review summarizes the immunomodulatory effects of some plants performed through DC effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padideh Ebadi
- Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Immunology Departments, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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38
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Kang MH, Kim IH, Nam TJ. Phloroglucinol induces apoptosis via apoptotic signaling pathways in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1341-6. [PMID: 25070748 PMCID: PMC4148371 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloroglucinol is a polyphenolic compound that is used to treat and prevent several human diseases, as it exerts beneficial biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of phloroglucinol on apoptotic signaling pathways in HT-29 colon cancer cells. The results indicated that phloroglucinol suppressed cell viability and induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Phloroglucinol treatment of HT-29 cells resulted in characteristic apoptosis-related changes: altered Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8. This study also showed that proteins involved in apoptosis were stimulated by treatment with phloroglucinol. These findings demonstrated that phloroglucinol exerts anticancer activity in HT-29 colon cancer cells through induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hye Kang
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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39
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Kang MH, Kim IH, Nam TJ. Phloroglucinol induces apoptosis through the regulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling pathways in human colon cancer HT-29 cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1036-42. [PMID: 24970012 PMCID: PMC4121399 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloroglucinol is a polyphenol compound with free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of phloroglucinol on insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Apoptosis was evaluated using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, which clearly demonstrated cell shrinkage and condensed nuclei. Treatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor reduced the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, which could induce apoptosis through IGF-1R signaling pathways. Treatment with phloroglucinol significantly inhibited the expression of Ras, Raf, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, PI3K and Akt. Phloroglucinol also decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and expression of its downstream effectors p70S6 kinase and translation initiation factors elF4B and RPS6. These results demonstrate that IGF-1R activates PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/ERK-MAPK downstream signaling pathways, which has important implications for understanding the roles of cell growth pathways in colon cancer cell tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hye Kang
- Departments of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Departments of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Departments of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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40
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Alarcón-Flores MI, Hernández-Sánchez F, Romero-González R, Plaza-Bolaños P, Martínez Vidal JL, Garrido Frenich A. Determination of several families of phytochemicals in different pre-cooked convenience vegetables: effect of lifetime and cooking. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:791-6. [PMID: 24828257 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.917153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals content, including several families such as phenolic acids, isoflavones, flavones, flavonols, isothiocyanates, and glucosinolates, was determined in pre-cooked convenience vegetables by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). It was observed that there is not a common behavior of the individual concentration of phytochemicals during the lifetime and cooking of the matrix, and compounds change their concentration without a specific trend. It was observed that neither lifetime nor cooking process have significant effects on the total content of phytochemicals except in broccoli, although some changes in the individual content of the target compounds were observed, suggesting that interconversion processes could be performed during the lifetime and/or cooking process of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel Alarcón-Flores
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Center for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence , Almeria , Spain
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41
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Ketron AC, Osheroff N. Phytochemicals as Anticancer and Chemopreventive Topoisomerase II Poisons. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 13:19-35. [PMID: 24678287 PMCID: PMC3963363 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-013-9291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are a rich source of anticancer drugs and chemopreventive agents. Several of these chemicals appear to exert at least some of their effects through interactions with topoisomerase II, an essential enzyme that regulates DNA supercoiling and removes knots and tangles from the genome. Topoisomerase II-active phytochemicals function by stabilizing covalent protein-cleaved DNA complexes that are intermediates in the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. As a result, these compounds convert topoisomerase II to a cellular toxin that fragments the genome. Because of their mode of action, they are referred to as topoisomerase II poisons as opposed to catalytic inhibitors. The first sections of this article discuss DNA topology, the catalytic cycle of topoisomerase II, and the two mechanisms (interfacial vs. covalent) by which different classes of topoisomerase II poisons alter enzyme activity. Subsequent sections discuss the effects of several phytochemicals on the type II enzyme, including demethyl-epipodophyllotoxins (semisynthetic anticancer drugs) as well as flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, catechins, isothiocyanates, and curcumin (dietary chemopreventive agents). Finally, the leukemogenic potential of topoisomerase II-targeted phytochemicals is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Ketron
- Department of Biochemistry and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine (Hematology/Oncology) and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
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42
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Rizza W, Veronese N, Fontana L. What are the roles of calorie restriction and diet quality in promoting healthy longevity? Ageing Res Rev 2014; 13:38-45. [PMID: 24291541 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental data indicate that diet plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many age-associated chronic diseases, and in the biology of aging itself. Data from several animal studies suggest that the degree and time of calorie restriction (CR) onset, the timing of food intake as well as diet composition, play major roles in promoting health and longevity, breaking the old dogma that only calorie intake is important in extending healthy lifespan. Data from human studies indicate that long-term CR with adequate intake of nutrients results in several metabolic adaptations that reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Moreover, CR opposes the expected age-associated alterations in myocardial stiffness, autonomic function, and gene expression in the human skeletal muscle. However, it is possible that some of the beneficial effects on metabolic health are not entirely due to CR, but to the high quality diets consumed by the CR practitioners, as suggested by data collected in individuals consuming strict vegan diets. More studies are needed to understand the interactions among single nutrient modifications (e.g. protein/aminoacid, fatty acids, vitamins, phytochemicals, and minerals), the degree of CR and the frequency of food consumption in modulating anti-aging metabolic and molecular pathways, and in the prevention of age-associated diseases.
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Stan SD, Singh SV, Whitcomb DC, Brand RE. Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in a MIAPaca2 xenograft animal model. Nutr Cancer 2013; 66:747-55. [PMID: 24195616 PMCID: PMC4008639 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.795979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and it has a poor prognosis that points to an increased need to develop effective chemoprevention strategies for this disease. We examined the ability of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, to inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in a MIAPaca2 xenograft animal model. Exposure to PEITC inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of approximately 7 μmol/L. PEITC treatment induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, downregulated the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, upregulated the proapoptotic protein Bak, and suppressed Notch 1 and 2 levels. In addition, treatment with PEITC induced cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase and led to increased cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation and subdiploid (apoptotic) fraction in pancreatic cancer cells. Oral administration of PEITC suppressed the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in a MIAPaca2 xenograft animal model. Our data show that PEITC exerts its inhibitory effect on pancreatic cancer cells through several mechanisms, including G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, and supports further investigation of PEITC as a chemopreventive agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D. Stan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shivendra V. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David C. Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Randall E. Brand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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44
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Alarcón-Flores MI, Romero-González R, Vidal JLM, Frenich AG. Multiclass determination of phytochemicals in vegetables and fruits by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2013; 141:1120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Shao S, Mi X, Ouerdane L, Lobinski R, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A, Vass A, Dernovics M. Quantification of Se-Methylselenocysteine and Its γ-Glutamyl Derivative from Naturally Se-Enriched Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris vulgaris) After HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and Orbitrap MS n -Based Identification. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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46
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Flores G, Pérez C, Gil C, Blanch GP, Ruiz del Castillo ML. Methyl jasmonate treatment of strawberry fruits enhances antioxidant activity and the inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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47
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Monitoring of phytochemicals in fresh and fresh-cut vegetables: a comparison. Food Chem 2013; 142:392-9. [PMID: 24001857 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bearing in mind that fresh-cut market is currently the fastest growing subsector in the food industry, a comparison of the levels of phytochemicals in fresh and fresh-cut vegetables has been carried out. Thus, several families of phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids, isoflavones, flavones, flavonols and glucosinolates were determined in fresh and fresh-cut samples including tomato, carrot, grape, eggplant and broccoli. Both type of products have potential and similar beneficial properties, regarding its content as phytochemicals, except tomato, which should be consumed as fresh. Other factors such as commercial presentation (sliced, grated, diced) and storage conditions (temperature and light) were evaluated observing that in eggplant, the content of phenolic acids is statistically different depending on the presentation. On the other hand, the content of phytochemicals was higher when fresh-cut carrots were stored at 4°C regardless of the presence or absence of light. Multivariate analysis, based on cluster analysis was used as a first approach to distinguish between fresh and fresh-cut samples, obtaining good results except for eggplant and carrot.
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48
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Chen HJ, Lin CM, Lee CY, Shih NC, Amagaya S, Lin YC, Yang JS. Phenethyl isothiocyanate suppresses EGF-stimulated SAS human oral squamous carcinoma cell invasion by targeting EGF receptor signaling. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:629-37. [PMID: 23754208 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural compound that is involved in chemoprevention as well as inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in several types of cancer cells. Previous studies have revealed that PEITC suppresses the invasion of AGS gastric and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. However, the effects of PEITC on the metastasis of SAS oral cancer cells remain to be determined. Our results showed that PEITC treatment inhibited the invasion of EGF-stimulated SAS cells in a concentration-dependent manner, but appeared not to affect the cell viability. The expression and enzymatic activities of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) were suppressed by PEITC. Concomitantly, we observed an increase in the protein expression of both tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and -2 (TIMP-2) in treated cells. Furthermore, PEITC treatments decreased the protein phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream signaling proteins including PDK1, PI3K (p85), AKT, phosphorylated IKK and IκB to inactivate NF-κB for the suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. In addition, PEITC can trigger the MAPK signaling pathway through the increase in phosphorylated p38, JNK and ERK in treated cells. Our data indicate that PEITC is able to inhibit the invasion of EGF-stimulated SAS oral cancer cells by targeting EGFR and its downstream signaling molecules and finally lead to the reduced expression and enzymatic activities of both MMP-2 and MMP-9. These results suggest that PEITC is promising for the therapy of oral cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
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Kim SH, Sehrawat A, Singh SV. Dietary chemopreventative benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits breast cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:782-90. [PMID: 23661606 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A small subset of mammary tumor-initiating cells (also known as breast cancer stem cells; bCSC), characterized by expression of different markers [CD44(high)/CD24(low)/epithelial-specific antigen (ESA)+], aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) activity, and ability to form mammospheres under ultra-low attachment culture conditions, are suspected to evade conventional therapies leading to disease recurrence. Elimination of both therapy-sensitive epithelial tumor cells and therapy-resistant bCSC is therefore necessary for prevention of breast cancer. We have shown previously that a nontoxic small-molecule constituent of edible cruciferous vegetables (benzyl isothiocyanate; BITC) inhibits mammary cancer development in mouse mammary tumor virus-neu (MMTV-neu) transgenic mice by causing epithelial tumor cell apoptosis. The present study shows efficacy of BITC against bCSC in vitro and in vivo. Mammosphere formation frequency and CD44(high)/CD24(low)/ESA+ and/or ALDH1+ populations in cultured MCF-7 (estrogen receptor-positive) and SUM159 (triple-negative) human breast cancer cells were decreased significantly in the presence of plasma achievable concentrations of BITC. BITC administration in the diet (3 μmol BITC/g diet for 29 weeks) resulted in a marked decrease in bCSCs in the MMTV-neu mice tumors in vivo. Overexpression of full-length Ron as well as its truncated form (sfRon), but not urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, conferred near complete protection against BITC-mediated inhibition of bCSCs in MCF-7 cells. The BITC treatment downregulated protein levels of Ron and sfRon in cultured breast cancer cells and in tumor xenografts. Ron overexpression resulted in upregulation of bCSC-associated genes Oct-4, SOX-2, and Nanog. In conclusion, the present study indicates that BITC treatment eliminates bCSCs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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50
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Darvesh AS, Bishayee A. Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Potential of Tea Polyphenols in Hepatocellular Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:329-44. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.767367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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