1
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Sinha S, Hembram KC, Chatterjee S. Targeting signaling pathways in cancer stem cells: A potential approach for developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:157-209. [PMID: 38663959 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as prime players in the intricate landscape of cancer development, progression, and resistance to traditional treatments. These unique cellular subpopulations own the remarkable capability of self-renewal and differentiation, giving rise to the diverse cellular makeup of tumors and fostering their recurrence following conventional therapies. In the quest for developing more effective cancer therapeutics, the focus has now shifted toward targeting the signaling pathways that govern CSCs behavior. This chapter underscores the significance of these signaling pathways in CSC biology and their potential as pivotal targets for the development of novel chemotherapy approaches. We delve into several key signaling pathways essential for maintaining the defining characteristics of CSCs, including the Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, JAK-STAT, NF-κB pathways, among others, shedding light on their potential crosstalk. Furthermore, we highlight the latest advancements in CSC-targeted therapies, spanning from promising preclinical models to ongoing clinical trials. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate molecular aspects of CSC signaling pathways and their manipulation holds the prospective to revolutionize cancer treatment paradigms. This, in turn, could lead to more efficacious and personalized therapies with the ultimate goal of eradicating CSCs and enhancing overall patient outcomes. The exploration of CSC signaling pathways represents a key step towards a brighter future in the battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sinha
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Subhajit Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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2
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Acharya L, Garg A, Rai M, Kshetri R, Grewal US, Dhakal P. Novel chimeric antigen receptor targets and constructs for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Moving beyond CD19. J Investig Med 2024; 72:32-46. [PMID: 37497999 DOI: 10.1177/10815589231191811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the second most common acute leukemia in adults with a poor prognosis with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell lineage ALL (B-ALL). Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown excellent response rates in RR B-ALL, but most patients relapse due to poor persistence of CAR T-cell therapy or other tumor-associated escape mechanisms. In addition, anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy causes several serious side effects such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. In this review, we will discuss novel CAR targets, CAR constructs, and various strategies to boost CARs for the treatment of RR B-ALL. In addition, we discuss a few novel strategies developed to reduce the side effects of CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Acharya
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alpana Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Manoj Rai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rupesh Kshetri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Udhayvir S Grewal
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Prajwal Dhakal
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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3
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Wang WD, Guo YY, Yang ZL, Su GL, Sun ZJ. Sniping Cancer Stem Cells with Nanomaterials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23262-23298. [PMID: 38010076 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. Despite encouraging progress in cancer treatment, conventional approaches often fail to eliminate CSCs, necessitating the development of precise targeted strategies. Recent advances in materials science and nanotechnology have enabled promising CSC-targeted approaches, harnessing the power of tailoring nanomaterials in diverse therapeutic applications. This review provides an update on the current landscape of nanobased precision targeting approaches against CSCs. We elucidate the nuanced application of organic, inorganic, and bioinspired nanomaterials across a spectrum of therapeutic paradigms, encompassing targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and multimodal synergistic therapies. By examining the accomplishments and challenges in this potential field, we aim to inform future efforts to advance nanomaterial-based therapies toward more effective "sniping" of CSCs and tumor clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yan-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhong-Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guang-Liang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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4
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Lam BM, Verrill C. Clinical Significance of Tumour-Infiltrating B Lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041164. [PMID: 36831506 PMCID: PMC9953777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although T lymphocytes have been considered the major players in the tumour microenvironment to induce tumour regression and contribute to anti-tumour immunity, much less is known about the role of tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) in solid malignancies, particularly in breast cancer, which has been regarded as heterogeneous and much less immunogenic compared to other common tumours like melanoma, colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Such paucity of research could translate to limited opportunities for this most common type of cancer in the UK to join the immunotherapy efforts in this era of precision medicine. Here, we provide a systematic literature review assessing the clinical significance of TIL-Bs in breast cancer. Articles published between January 2000 and April 2022 were retrieved via an electronic search of two databases (PubMed and Embase) and screened against pre-specified eligibility criteria. The majority of studies reported favourable prognostic and predictive roles of TIL-Bs, indicating that they could have a profound impact on the clinical outcome of breast cancer. Further studies are, however, needed to better define the functional role of B cell subpopulations and to discover ways to harness this intrinsic mechanism in the fight against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Lam
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Clare Verrill
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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5
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Mayani H, Chávez-González A, Vázquez-Santillan K, Contreras J, Guzman ML. Cancer Stem Cells: Biology and Therapeutic Implications. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:770-784. [PMID: 36462951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that most cancers derive and progress from transformation and clonal expansion of a single cell that possesses stem cell properties, i.e., self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacities. Such cancer stem cells (CSCs) are usually present at very low frequencies and possess properties that make them key players in tumor development. Indeed, besides having the ability to initiate tumor growth, CSCs drive tumor progression and metastatic dissemination, are resistant to most cancer drugs, and are responsible for cancer relapse. All of these features make CSCs attractive targets for the development of more effective oncologic treatments. In the present review article, we have summarized recent advances in the biology of CSCs, including their identification through their immunophenotype, and their physiology, both in vivo and in vitro. We have also analyzed some molecular markers that might become targets for developing new therapies aiming at hampering CSCs regeneration and cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Mayani
- Unidad de Investigaci..n en Enfermedades Oncol..gicas, Hospital de Oncolog.ía, Centro M..dico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Ciudad de M..xico, M..xico.
| | - Antonieta Chávez-González
- Unidad de Investigaci..n en Enfermedades Oncol..gicas, Hospital de Oncolog.ía, Centro M..dico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Ciudad de M..xico, M..xico
| | | | - Jorge Contreras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Mishra A, Pathak Y, Mishra SK, Prakash H, Tripathi V. Natural compounds as a potential modifier of stem cells renewal: Comparative analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175412. [PMID: 36427534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are indispensable for development, progression, drug resistance, and tumor metastasis. Current cancer-directed interventions target targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells and slow dividing CSCs, which are the root cause of cancer origin and recurrence. The most promising targets include several self-renewal pathways involved in the maintenance and renewal of CSCs, such as the Wnt/β-Catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch, Hippo, Autophagy, and Ferroptosis. In view of safety, natural compounds are coming to the front line of treatment modalities for modifying various signaling pathways simultaneously involved in maintaining CSCs. Therefore, targeting CSCs with natural compounds is a promising approach to treating various types of cancers. In view of this, here we provide a comprehensive update on the current status of natural compounds that effectively tune key self-renewal pathways of CSCs. In addition, we highlighted surface expression markers in several types of cancer. We also emphasize how natural compounds target these self-renewal pathways to reduce therapy resistance and cancer recurrence properties of CSCs, hence providing valuable cancer therapeutic strategies. The inclusion of nutraceuticals is believed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of current cancer-directed interventions significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Yamini Pathak
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | | | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishwas Tripathi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India.
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7
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Shosha NNH, Elmasry S, Moawad M, Ismail SH, Elsayed M. Invivo and invitro evaluation of antitumor effects of iron oxide and folate core shell-iron oxide nanoparticles. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e253183. [PMID: 35019096 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.253183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are considered viable options in the treatment of cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetite folate core shell (MFCS) on leukemic and hepatocarcinoma cell cultures as well as their effect on the animal model of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Through current study nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized by various techniques, and their properties were studied to confirm their nanostructure. Invivo study, nanoparticles were evaluated to inspect their cytotoxic activity against SNU-182 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), K562 (human leukemia), and THLE2 (human normal epithelial liver) cells via MTT test. Apoptotic signaling proteins Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 expression were inspected through RT-PCR method. A cytotoxic effect of MNPs and MFCS was detected in previous cell cultures. Moreover, the apoptosis was identified through significant up-regulation of caspase-3, with Bcl-2 down-regulation. Invitro study, AML was induced in rats by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea followed by oral treatment with MNPS and MFCS. Biochemical indices such as aspartate and alanine amino transferases, and lactate dehydrogenase activities, uric acid, complete blood count, and Beta -2-microglubulin were assessed in serum. Immunophenotyping for CD34 and CD38 detection was performed. Liver, kidney, and bone marrow were microscopically examined. Bcl-2 promoter methylation, and mRNA levels were examined. Although, both MNPs and MFCS depict amelioration in biochemical parameters, MFCS alleviated them toward normal control. Anticancer activity of MNPs and MFCS was approved especially for AML. Whenever, administration of MFCS was more effective than MNPs. The present work is one of few studies used MFCS as anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N H Shosha
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of women for Arts Scince and Education, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Elmasry
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of women for Arts Scince and Education, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Moawad
- Cairo University, National Cancer Institute, Pathology Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S H Ismail
- Cairo University, Egypt Nanotechnology Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - M Elsayed
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of women for Arts Scince and Education, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Zheng HC, Jiang HM. Shuttling of cellular proteins between the plasma membrane and nucleus (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:14. [PMID: 34779504 PMCID: PMC8600410 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently accumulated evidence has indicated that the nucleomembrane shuttling of cellular proteins is common, which provides new insight into the subcellular translocation and biological functions of proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm. The present study aimed to clarify the trafficking of proteins between the plasma membrane and nucleus. These proteins primarily consist of transmembrane receptors, membrane adaptor proteins, adhesive proteins, signal proteins and nuclear proteins, which contribute to proliferation, apoptosis, chemoresistance, adhesion, migration and gene expression. The proteins frequently undergo cross-talk, such as the interaction of transmembrane proteins with signal proteins. The transmembrane proteins undergo endocytosis, infusion into organelles or proteolysis into soluble forms for import into the nucleus, while nuclear proteins interact with membrane proteins or act as receptors. The nucleocytosolic translocation involves export or import through nuclear membrane pores by importin or exportin. Nuclear proteins generally interact with other transcription factors, and then binding to the promoter for gene expression, while membrane proteins are responsible for signal initiation by binding to other membrane and/or adaptor proteins. Protein translocation occurs in a cell-specific manner and is closely linked to cellular biological events. The present review aimed to improve understanding of cytosolic protein shuttling between the plasma membrane and nucleus and the associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Mao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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9
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Masoumi J, Jafarzadeh A, Abdolalizadeh J, Khan H, Philippe J, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR. Cancer stem cell-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy: Challenges and prospects. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1721-1739. [PMID: 34386318 PMCID: PMC8343118 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with their self-renewal ability are accepted as cells which initiate tumors. CSCs are regarded as interesting targets for novel anticancer therapeutic agents because of their association with tumor recurrence and resistance to conventional therapies, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are engineered T cells which express an artificial receptor specific for tumor associated antigens (TAAs) by which they accurately target and kill cancer cells. In recent years, CAR-T cell therapy has shown more efficiency in cancer treatment, particularly regarding blood cancers. The expression of specific markers such as TAAs on CSCs in varied cancer types makes them as potent tools for CAR-T cell therapy. Here we review the CSC markers that have been previously targeted with CAR-T cells, as well as the CSC markers that may be used as possible targets for CAR-T cell therapy in the future. Furthermore, we will detail the most important obstacles against CAR-T cell therapy and suggest solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 77181759111, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jeandet Philippe
- Research Unit “Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection”, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8713781147, Iran
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +98 31 55540022; Tel./fax: +98 21 66419536.
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +98 31 55540022; Tel./fax: +98 21 66419536.
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10
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Pizzicannella J, Fonticoli L, Guarnieri S, Marconi GD, Rajan TS, Trubiani O, Diomede F. Antioxidant Ascorbic Acid Modulates NLRP3 Inflammasome in LPS-G Treated Oral Stem Cells through NFκB/Caspase-1/IL-1β Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050797. [PMID: 34069836 PMCID: PMC8157377 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) and endothelial committed hGMSCs (e-hGMSCs) have considerable potential to serve as an in vitro model to replicate the inflammation sustained by Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on the inflammatory reverting action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS-G) on the cell metabolic activity, inflammation pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in hGMSCs and e-hGMSCs. Cells were treated with LPS-G (5 μg mL−1) or AA (50 μg mL−1) and analyzed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay, immunofluorescence and Western blot methods. The rate of cell metabolic activity was decreased significantly in LPS-G-treated groups, while groups co-treated with LPS-G and AA showed a logarithmic cell metabolic activity rate similar to untreated cells. AA treatment attenuated the inflammatory effect of LPS-G by reducing the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NFκB/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence acquisition. LPS-G-induced cells displayed an increase in ROS production, while AA co-treated cells showed a protective effect. In summary, our work suggests that AA attenuated LPS-G-mediated inflammation and ROS generation in hGMSCs and e-hGMSCs via suppressing the NFκB/Caspase-1/IL-1β pathway. These findings indicate that AA may be considered as a potential factor involved in the modulation of the inflammatory pathway triggered by LPS-G in an vitro cellular model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigia Fonticoli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.F.); (O.T.)
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Guya D. Marconi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.F.); (O.T.)
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.F.); (O.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08713554080
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11
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Dakroub A, A. Nasser S, Younis N, Bhagani H, Al-Dhaheri Y, Pintus G, Eid AA, El-Yazbi AF, Eid AH. Visfatin: A Possible Role in Cardiovasculo-Metabolic Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112444. [PMID: 33182523 PMCID: PMC7696687 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Visfatin/NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) is an adipocytokine with several intriguing properties. It was first identified as pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor but turned out to possess enzymatic functions in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, with ubiquitous expression in skeletal muscles, liver, cardiomyocytes, and brain cells. Visfatin exists in an intracellular (iNAMPT) and extracellular (eNAMPT) form. Intracellularly, visfatin/iNAMPT plays a regulatory role in NAD+ biosynthesis and thereby affects many NAD-dependent proteins such as sirtuins, PARPs, MARTs and CD38/157. Extracellularly, visfatin is associated with many hormone-like signaling pathways and activates some intracellular signaling cascades. Importantly, eNAMPT has been associated with several metabolic disorders including obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes. In this review, a brief overview about visfatin is presented with special emphasis on its relevance to metabolic diseases. Visfatin/NAMPT appears to be a unique molecule with clinical significance with a prospective promising diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications in many cardiovasculo-metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dakroub
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (A.D.); (N.Y.); (H.B.); (A.F.E.-Y.)
| | - Suzanne A. Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon;
| | - Nour Younis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (A.D.); (N.Y.); (H.B.); (A.F.E.-Y.)
| | - Humna Bhagani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (A.D.); (N.Y.); (H.B.); (A.F.E.-Y.)
| | - Yusra Al-Dhaheri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, UAE;
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, UAE;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (A.D.); (N.Y.); (H.B.); (A.F.E.-Y.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, El-Mesallah, Egypt
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (A.D.); (N.Y.); (H.B.); (A.F.E.-Y.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +974-4403-3333
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12
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Serna-García M, Peiró R, Serna E, Santacreu MA. Ovarian Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Differential Expression Genes Associated with Cell Death Process after Selection for Ovulation Rate in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101924. [PMID: 33092110 PMCID: PMC7593938 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transcriptomic analysis showed nineteen potential biomarkers in ovarian tissue from females belonged to a rabbit line selected for ovulation rate for 10 generations and the control line. These females differed not only in ovulation rate but also in prenatal survival since similar litter size were observed. Abstract Litter size is an essential trait in rabbit meat production but with low heritability. A selection experiment for ovulation rate has been performed for 10 generations to improve litter size in rabbits. The selected line increased two ova more than the control line but nevertheless a negative correlation was observed with prenatal survival. A transcriptomic study was performed, using microarrays, in ovarian tissue from females belonging to the selected line and the control line. Our results showed 1357 differential expressed genes and nineteen potential biomarkers associated with prenatal mortality, which could explain differences between litter size in rabbits. Cell death was the most relevant process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Serna-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Peiró
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Eva Serna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (M.A.S.); Tel.: +34-963864100 (ext. 83171) (E.S.); +34-963879436 (M.A.S.)
| | - María Antonia Santacreu
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (M.A.S.); Tel.: +34-963864100 (ext. 83171) (E.S.); +34-963879436 (M.A.S.)
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13
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Clinical data, limitations and perspectives on chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma. Curr Opin Oncol 2020; 32:418-426. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Caraccio C, Krishna S, Phillips DJ, Schürch CM. Bispecific Antibodies for Multiple Myeloma: A Review of Targets, Drugs, Clinical Trials, and Future Directions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:501. [PMID: 32391000 PMCID: PMC7193016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy and the second most common hematological neoplasm in adults, comprising 1.8% of all cancers. With an annual incidence of ~30,770 cases in the United States, MM has a high mortality rate, leading to 12,770 deaths per year. MM is a genetically complex, highly heterogeneous malignancy, with significant inter- and intra-patient clonal variability. Recent years have witnessed dramatic improvements in the diagnostics, classification, and treatment of MM. However, patients with high-risk disease have not yet benefited from therapeutic advances. High-risk patients are often primary refractory to treatment or relapse early, ultimately resulting in progression toward aggressive end-stage MM, with associated extramedullary disease or plasma cell leukemia. Therefore, novel treatment modalities are needed to improve the outcomes of these patients. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are immunotherapeutics that simultaneously target and thereby redirect effector immune cells to tumor cells. BsAbs have shown high efficacy in B cell malignancies, including refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Various BsAbs targeting MM-specific antigens such as B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), CD38, and CD138 are currently in pre-clinical and clinical development, with promising results. In this review, we outline these advances, focusing on BsAb drugs, their targets, and their potential to improve survival, especially for high-risk MM patients. In combination with current treatment strategies, BsAbs may pave the way toward a cure for MM.
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15
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Skeletal unloading reduces cluster of differentiation (CD) 38 expression in the bone marrow and osteoblasts of mice. J Orthop Sci 2020; 25:331-337. [PMID: 31072650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical unloading induces bone loss in human weight-loaded bones. The findings of recent studies have revealed that cluster of differentiation 38 knockout mice display bone loss similar to that observed in osteoporosis. This study aimed to determine whether the expression of cluster of differentiation 38 is implicated in skeletal unloading and reloading. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to control, tail-suspension, or reloading after tail-suspension groups. In the tail-suspension group, tail suspension elevated the hind limbs for 1 week. The bilateral femurs and tibias from the groups were evaluated for cluster of differentiation 38 immunocytochemistry, and the cluster of differentiation 38 messenger ribonucleic acid levels and the expression of cluster of differentiation 38 and other cell-surface antigens were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analyses. RESULTS In the tail-suspension group, the alkaline phosphatase reactivity, cluster of differentiation 38 immunoreactivity in the bone marrow and osteoblasts, and the expression of cluster of differentiation 38 messenger ribonucleic acid and that of other cell-surface antigens were significantly lower than those in the control group. In the reloading after tail-suspension group, the level of cluster of differentiation 38 expression was restored to the same level as that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Cluster of differentiation 38 expression declined after skeletal unloading and recovered to normal levels after reloading. In the bone marrow, cluster of differentiation 38 expression plays a crucial role in bone formation in response to mechanical stress.
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16
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Yang L, Shi P, Zhao G, Xu J, Peng W, Zhang J, Zhang G, Wang X, Dong Z, Chen F, Cui H. Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:8. [PMID: 32296030 PMCID: PMC7005297 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 978] [Impact Index Per Article: 244.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential and contribute to multiple tumor malignancies, such as recurrence, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and radiation resistance. The biological activities of CSCs are regulated by several pluripotent transcription factors, such as OCT4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF4, and MYC. In addition, many intracellular signaling pathways, such as Wnt, NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Notch, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin), TGF (transforming growth factor)/SMAD, and PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), as well as extracellular factors, such as vascular niches, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular matrix, and exosomes, have been shown to be very important regulators of CSCs. Molecules, vaccines, antibodies, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) cells have been developed to specifically target CSCs, and some of these factors are already undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the characterization and identification of CSCs, depicts major factors and pathways that regulate CSC development, and discusses potential targeted therapy for CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Li H, Zhang L, Baines CP, Ding S. Subcellular NAMPT-mediated NAD + salvage pathways and their roles in bioenergetics and neuronal protection after ischemic injury. J Neurochem 2019; 151:732-748. [PMID: 31553812 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NAD+ is a cofactor required for glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and complex I enzymatic reaction. In mammalian cells, NAD+ is predominantly synthesized through the salvage pathway, where nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme. Previously, we demonstrated that NAMPT exerts a neuroprotective effect in ischemia through the suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mammalian cells maintain distinct NAD+ pools in the cytosol, mitochondria, and nuclei. However, it is unknown whether mitochondria have an intact machinery for NAD+ salvage, and if so, whether it plays a dominant role in bioenergetics, mitochondrial function, and neuronal protection after ischemia. Here, using mouse primary cortical neuron and cortical tissue preparations, and multiple technologies including cytosolic and mitochondrial subfractionation, viral over-expression of transgenes, molecular biology, and confocal microscopy, we provided compelling evidence that neuronal mitochondria possess an intact machinery of NAMPT-mediated NAD+ salvage pathway, and that NAMPT and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 (NMNAT3) are localized in the mitochondrial matrix. By knocking down NMNAT1-3 and NAMPT with siRNA, we found that NMNAT3 has a larger effect on basal and ATP production-related mitochondrial respiration than NMNAT1-2 in primary cultured neurons, while NMNAT1-2 have a larger effect on glycolytic flux than NMNAT3. Using an oxygen glucose deprivation model, we found that mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and non-subcellular compartmental over-expressions of NAMPT have a comparable effect on neuronal protection and suppression of apoptosis-inducing factor translocation. The current study provides novel insights into the roles of subcellular compartmental NAD+ salvage pathways in NAD+ homeostasis, bioenergetics, and neuronal protection in ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Wang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P Baines
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shinghua Ding
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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18
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Goletti D, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Scriba TJ, Anthony R, Cirillo DM, Alonzi T, Denkinger CM, Cobelens F. Can we predict tuberculosis cure? What tools are available? Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.01089-2018. [PMID: 30361242 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01089-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment of tuberculosis takes ≥6 months, putting a major burden on patients and health systems in large parts of the world. Treatment beyond 2 months is needed to prevent tuberculosis relapse by clearing remaining, drug-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. However, the majority of patients treated for only 2-3 months will cure without relapse and do not need prolonged treatment. Assays that can identify these patients at an early stage of treatment may significantly help reduce the treatment burden, while a test to identify those patients who will fail treatment may help target host-directed therapies.In this review we summarise the state of the art with regard to discovery of biomarkers that predict relapse-free cure for pulmonary tuberculosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanning to measure pulmonary inflammation enhances our understanding of "cure". Several microbiological and immunological markers seem promising; however, they still need a formal validation. In parallel, new research strategies are needed to generate reliable tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Dept of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Dept of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard Anthony
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Maria Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, HSR, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tonino Alonzi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Dept of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Frank Cobelens
- Dept of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Paubelle E, Rocher C, Julia E, Thomas X. Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered T Cell Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10314141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a disease with a very poor outcome and remains an area of significant unmet need, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. The progress made in the field of immunotherapy, in particular chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells, has given rise to many hopes for pathologies such as B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and B cell lymphoma, and many studies have attempted to translate these successes to AML. This review summarises the recent advances in, and defines an ideal target for, CAR T cell therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Paubelle
- Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France; LBMC, ENS, CNRS UMR5239, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Rocher
- Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Edith Julia
- Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Xavier Thomas
- Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
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20
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Lanza Cariccio V, Scionti D, Raffa A, Iori R, Pollastro F, Diomede F, Bramanti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Treatment of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells with MOR and CBD Promotes Cell Survival and Neuronal Differentiation via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082341. [PMID: 30096889 PMCID: PMC6121255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (hPDLSCs), as well as all mesenchymal stem cells, show self-renewal, clonogenicity, and multi-tissue differentiation proprieties and can represent a valid support for regenerative medicine. We treated hPDLSCs with a combination of Moringin (MOR) and Cannabidiol (CBD), in order to understand if treatment could improve their survival and their in vitro differentiation capacity. Stem cells survival is fundamental to achieve a successful therapy outcome in the re-implanted tissue of patients. Through NGS transcriptome analysis, we found that combined treatment increased hPDLSCs survival, by inhibition of apoptosis as demonstrated by enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic genes and reduction of pro-apoptotic ones. Moreover, we investigated the possible involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, emphasizing a differential gene expression between treated and untreated cells. Furthermore, hPDLSCs were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of CBD and MOR and, after confirming the cellular viability through MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) assay, we examined the presence of neuronal markers, through immunofluorescence analysis. We found an increased expression of Nestin and GAP43 (growth associated protein 43) in treated cells. In conclusion, hPDLSCs treated with Moringin and Cannabidiol showed an improved survival capacity and neuronal differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lanza Cariccio
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenico Scionti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Raffa
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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21
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Ghose J, Viola D, Terrazas C, Caserta E, Troadec E, Khalife J, Gunes EG, Sanchez J, McDonald T, Marcucci G, Kaur B, Rosenzweig M, Keats J, Rosen S, Krishnan A, Satoskar AR, Hofmeister CC, Pichiorri F. Daratumumab induces CD38 internalization and impairs myeloma cell adhesion. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1486948. [PMID: 30288349 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1486948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Daratumumab (Dara), a human immunoglobulin G1 kappa (IgG1κ) monoclonal anti-CD38 antibody, has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) as a single agent as well as in combination with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PI). Although the scientific rationale behind the use of Dara in combination with IMiDs has been extensively explored, the molecular mechanisms underlying Dara-PI regimens have not yet been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that CD38 on the surface of MM cells is rapidly internalized after Dara treatment; we also show that Dara treatment impairs MM cell adhesion, an effect that can be rescued by using the endocytosis inhibitor Dynasore. Finally, we show that Dara potentiates bortezomib (BTZ) killing of MM cells in vitro and in vivo, independent of its function as an immune activator. In conclusion, our data show that Dara impairs MM cell adhesion, which results in an increased sensitivity of MM to proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Ghose
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Domenico Viola
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Cesar Terrazas
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Enrico Caserta
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Estelle Troadec
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jihane Khalife
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emine Gulsen Gunes
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - James Sanchez
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tinisha McDonald
- Liquid Tissue Bank Shared Resource, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Rosenzweig
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven Rosen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Amrita Krishnan
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Craig C Hofmeister
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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22
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Diomede F, D'Aurora M, Gugliandolo A, Merciaro I, Ettorre V, Bramanti A, Piattelli A, Gatta V, Mazzon E, Fontana A, Trubiani O. A novel role in skeletal segment regeneration of extracellular vesicles released from periodontal-ligament stem cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3805-3825. [PMID: 29988728 PMCID: PMC6029600 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s162836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The combination of oral derived stem cells and 3-D scaffolds is considered advantageous in bone repair. In particular, collagen membranes possess ideal biological properties and can support infiltration and proliferation of osteoblasts, promoting bone regeneration. Our study aimed to develop a new biocompatible osteogenic construct composed of a commercially available collagen membrane (Evolution [Evo]), human periodontal-ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) enriched with extracellular vesicles (EVs), or polyethylenimine (PEI)-engineered EVs (PEI-EVs). Methods Osteogenic ability and expression of osteogenic genes were evaluated in vitro in hPDLSCs cultured with or without Evo, with Evo and EVs, or PEI-EVs. In addition, the bone-regeneration capacity of Evo, Evo enriched with hPDLSCs, Evo enriched with hPDLSCs and EVs/PEI-EVs was investigated in rats subjected to calvarial defects. Results Our results showed that Evo enriched with EVs and PEI-EVs showed high biocompatibility and osteogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. In addition, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the upregulation of osteogenic genes, such as TGFB1, MMP8, TUFT1, TFIP11, BMP2, and BMP4, in the presence of PEI-EVs. Upregulation of BMP2/4 was confirmed for Evo enriched with PEI-EVs and hPDLSCs both in vitro by Western blot and in vivo by immunofluorescence. Conclusion Our results indicated that Evo enriched with hPDLSCs and PEI-EVs is able to promote a bone-regeneration process for the treatment of calvarium and ossification defects caused by accidental or surgery trauma. In particular, PEI-EVs had a significant role in activation of the osteogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco D'Aurora
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- Department of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy,
| | - Ilaria Merciaro
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Ettorre
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Department of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy, .,Eduardo Caianiello Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Department of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy,
| | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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23
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Romeo L, Diomede F, Gugliandolo A, Scionti D, Lo Giudice F, Lanza Cariccio V, Iori R, Bramanti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Moringin Induces Neural Differentiation in the Stem Cell of the Human Periodontal Ligament. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9153. [PMID: 29904155 PMCID: PMC6002387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases still represent a vast research field because of the lack of targeted, effective and resolutive treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. The use of stem cell-based therapy is an alternative approach that could lead to the replacement of damaged neuronal tissue. For this purpose, adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), including periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), could be very useful for their differentiation capacity, easy isolation and the ability to perform an autologous implant. The aim of this work was to test whether the Moringin [4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl isothiocyanate; GMG-ITC], an isothiocyanate extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds, was able to induce PDLSCs toward neural progenitor differentiation. Next-generation transcriptomics sequencing showed that moringin treatment increased the expression of genes involved in neuron cortical development and in particular in neuron belonging to upper and deep cortical layers. Moreover, moringin treatment upregulated genes involved in osteogenesis and adipogenesis although with a lower fold change compared to upregulated genes involved in neuronal differentiation. Finally, moringin did not induce the expression of oncogenes resulting in a safe treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Romeo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of medical, oral and biotechnological sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Scionti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lo Giudice
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Veronica Lanza Cariccio
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of medical, oral and biotechnological sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy.
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24
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Diomede F, Gugliandolo A, Cardelli P, Merciaro I, Ettorre V, Traini T, Bedini R, Scionti D, Bramanti A, Nanci A, Caputi S, Fontana A, Mazzon E, Trubiani O. Three-dimensional printed PLA scaffold and human gingival stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a new tool for bone defect repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:104. [PMID: 29653587 PMCID: PMC5899396 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of bone tissue engineering in the field of regenerative medicine has been a main research topic over the past few years. There has been much interest in the use of three-dimensional (3D) engineered scaffolds (PLA) complexed with human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) as a new therapeutic strategy to improve bone tissue regeneration. These devices can mimic a more favorable endogenous microenvironment for cells in vivo by providing 3D substrates which are able to support cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. The present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo capability of bone defect regeneration of 3D PLA, hGMSCs, extracellular vesicles (EVs), or polyethyleneimine (PEI)-engineered EVs (PEI-EVs) in the following experimental groups: 3D-PLA, 3D-PLA + hGMSCs, 3D-PLA + EVs, 3D-PLA + EVs + hGMSCs, 3D-PLA + PEI-EVs, 3D-PLA + PEI-EVs + hGMSCs. METHODS The structural parameters of the scaffold were evaluated using both scanning electron microscopy and nondestructive microcomputed tomography. Nanotopographic surface features were investigated by means of atomic force microscopy. Scaffolds showed a statistically significant mass loss along the 112-day evaluation. RESULTS Our in vitro results revealed that both 3D-PLA + EVs + hGMSCs and 3D-PLA + PEI-EVs + hGMSCs showed no cytotoxicity. However, 3D-PLA + PEI-EVs + hGMSCs exhibited greater osteogenic inductivity as revealed by morphological evaluation and transcriptomic analysis performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, in vivo results showed that 3D-PLA + PEI-EVs + hGMSCs and 3D-PLA + PEI-EVs scaffolds implanted in rats subjected to cortical calvaria bone tissue damage were able to improve bone healing by showing better osteogenic properties. These results were supported also by computed tomography evaluation that revealed the repair of bone calvaria damage. CONCLUSION The re-establishing of the integrity of the bone lesions could be a promising strategy in the treatment of accidental or surgery trauma, especially for cranial bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Cardelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Merciaro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Ettorre
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Tonino Traini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Bedini
- National Centre of Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy.,Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems "ISASI Eduardo Caianiello", CNR, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Laboratory for the study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sergio Caputi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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25
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Pizzicannella J, Diomede F, Merciaro I, Caputi S, Tartaro A, Guarnieri S, Trubiani O. Endothelial committed oral stem cells as modelling in the relationship between periodontal and cardiovascular disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6734-6747. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti and Pescara Chieti Italy
- Institute of Cardiology ASL 02 Lanciano/Vasto/Chieti Chieti Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti and Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Ilaria Merciaro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti and Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Sergio Caputi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti and Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Armando Tartaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti and Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti and Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti and Pescara Chieti Italy
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26
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Diomede F, D'Aurora M, Gugliandolo A, Merciaro I, Orsini T, Gatta V, Piattelli A, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Biofunctionalized Scaffold in Bone Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1022. [PMID: 29596323 PMCID: PMC5979468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is based on bone grafting to repair bone defects. Bone graft substitutes can contribute to the addition of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in order to enhance the rate and the quality of defect regeneration. The stem cell secretome contains many growth factors and chemokines, which could affect cellular characteristics and behavior. Conditioned medium (CM) could be used in tissue regeneration avoiding several problems linked to the direct use of MSCs. In this study, we investigated the effect of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and their CM on bone regeneration using a commercially available membrane scaffold Evolution (EVO) implanted in rat calvarias. EVO alone or EVO + hPDLSCs with or without CM were implanted in Wistar male rats subjected to calvarial defects. The in vivo results revealed that EVO membrane enriched with hPDLSCs and CM showed a better osteogenic ability to repair the calvarial defect. These results were confirmed by acquired micro-computed tomography (CT) images and the increased osteopontin levels. Moreover, RT-PCR in vitro revealed the upregulation of three genes (Collagen (COL)5A1, COL16A1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)β1) and the down regulation of 26 genes involved in bone regeneration. These results suggest a promising potential application of CM from hPDLSCs and scaffolds for bone defect restoration and in particular for calvarial repair in case of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marco D'Aurora
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | | | - Ilaria Merciaro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Orsini
- CNR-National Research Council, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), via Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Roma, Italy.
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98124 Messina, Italy.
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27
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Cha SW, Bonissone S, Na S, Pevzner PA, Bafna V. The Antibody Repertoire of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:2111-2124. [PMID: 29046389 PMCID: PMC5724175 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming increasingly important in the fight against cancers, using and manipulating the body's immune response to treat tumors. Understanding the immune repertoire-the collection of immunological proteins-of treated and untreated cells is possible at the genomic, but technically difficult at the protein level. Standard protein databases do not include the highly divergent sequences of somatic rearranged immunoglobulin genes, and may lead to miss identifications in a mass spectrometry search. We introduce a novel proteogenomic approach, AbScan, to identify these highly variable antibody peptides, by developing a customized antibody database construction method using RNA-seq reads aligned to immunoglobulin (Ig) genes.AbScan starts by filtering transcript (RNA-seq) reads that match the template for Ig genes. The retained reads are used to construct a repertoire graph using the "split" de Bruijn graph: a graph structure that improves on the standard de Bruijn graph to capture the high diversity of Ig genes in a compact manner. AbScan corrects for sequencing errors, and converts the graph to a format suitable for searching with MS/MS search tools. We used AbScan to create an antibody database from 90 RNA-seq colorectal tumor samples. Next, we used proteogenomic analysis to search MS/MS spectra of matched colorectal samples from the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) against the AbScan generated database. AbScan identified 1,940 distinct antibody peptides. Correlating with previously identified Single Amino-Acid Variants (SAAVs) in the tumor samples, we identified 163 pairs (antibody peptide, SAAV) with significant cooccurrence pattern in the 90 samples. The presence of coexpressed antibody and mutated peptides was correlated with survival time of the individuals. Our results suggest that AbScan (https://github.com/csw407/AbScan.git) is an effective tool for a proteomic exploration of the immune response in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Won Cha
- From the ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Seungjin Na
- ¶Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Pavel A Pevzner
- ¶Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Vineet Bafna
- ¶Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
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28
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Diomede F, Thangavelu SR, Merciaro I, D'Orazio M, Bramanti P, Mazzon E, Trubiani O. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulation in human periodontal ligament stem cells: role of epigenetic modifications to the inflammation. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2826. [PMID: 29046054 PMCID: PMC5575416 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic oral inflammatory disease produced by bacteria. Gingival retraction and bone and connective tissues resorption are the hallmarks of this disease. Chronic periodontitis may contribute to the risk of onset or progression of neuroinflammatory pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The main goal of the present study was to investigate if the role of epigenetic modulations is involved in periodontitis using human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) as an in vitro model system. hPDLSCs were treated with lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the expression of proteins associated with DNA methylation and histone acetylation, such as DNMT1 and p300, respectively, and inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB, were examined. Immunofluorescence, Western blot and next generation sequencing results demonstrated that P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide significantly reduced DNA methylase DNMT1, while it markedly upregulated the level of histone acetyltransferase p300 and NF-kB in hPDLSCs. Our results showed that P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide markedly regulate the genes involved in epigenetic mechanism, which may result in inflammation induction. We propose that P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-treated hPDLSCs could be a potential in vitro model system to study epigenetics modulations associated with periodontitis, which might be helpful to identify novel biomarkers linked to this oral inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- University "G. d'Annunzio", Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences.
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29
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Kelu JJ, Webb SE, Parrington J, Galione A, Miller AL. Ca 2+ release via two-pore channel type 2 (TPC2) is required for slow muscle cell myofibrillogenesis and myotomal patterning in intact zebrafish embryos. Dev Biol 2017; 425:109-129. [PMID: 28390800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated a critical role for two-pore channel type 2 (TPC2)-mediated Ca2+ release during the differentiation of slow (skeletal) muscle cells (SMC) in intact zebrafish embryos, via the introduction of a translational-blocking morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (MO). Here, we extend our study and demonstrate that knockdown of TPC2 with a non-overlapping splice-blocking MO, knockout of TPC2 (via the generation of a tpcn2dhkz1a mutant line of zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing), or the pharmacological inhibition of TPC2 action with bafilomycin A1 or trans-ned-19, also lead to a significant attenuation of SMC differentiation, characterized by a disruption of SMC myofibrillogenesis and gross morphological changes in the trunk musculature. When the morphants were injected with tpcn2-mRNA or were treated with IP3/BM or caffeine (agonists of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR), respectively), many aspects of myofibrillogenesis and myotomal patterning (and in the case of the pharmacological treatments, the Ca2+ signals generated in the SMCs), were rescued. STED super-resolution microscopy revealed a close physical relationship between clusters of RyR in the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and TPC2 in lysosomes, with a mean estimated separation of ~52-87nm. Our data therefore add to the increasing body of evidence, which indicate that localized Ca2+ release via TPC2 might trigger the generation of more global Ca2+ release from the SR via Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Body Patterning/drug effects
- CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- Caffeine/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Kinesins/metabolism
- Macrolides/pharmacology
- Models, Biological
- Morpholinos/pharmacology
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Muscle Cells/cytology
- Muscle Cells/drug effects
- Muscle Cells/metabolism
- Muscle Development/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/drug effects
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Kelu
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Sarah E Webb
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, PR China; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
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30
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CD34 and CD38 are prognostic biomarkers for acute B lymphoblastic leukemia. Biomark Res 2016; 4:23. [PMID: 28018598 PMCID: PMC5159997 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-016-0080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD34 and CD38 proteins are usually used as surface markers to identify HSCs and Leukemic stem cells. However, there have been cases that lacked CD34 or CD38 protein but still had leukemia initiating capacity in B-ALL suggesting the restrictive of these two markers. CD34 and CD38 expression were detected in most B-ALL and can serve as a specific biomarker for the prognosis of this subset of leukemia. Lack of CD34 or high CD38 expression is associated with favorable prognosis.
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31
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Trubiani O, Guarnieri S, Diomede F, Mariggiò MA, Merciaro I, Morabito C, Cavalcanti MFXB, Cocco L, Ramazzotti G. Nuclear translocation of PKCα isoenzyme is involved in neurogenic commitment of human neural crest-derived periodontal ligament stem cells. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1631-41. [PMID: 27478064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells isolated from human adult tissue niche represent a promising source for neural differentiation. Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (hPDLSCs) originating from the neural crest are particularly suitable for induction of neural commitment. In this study, under xeno-free culture conditions, in undifferentiated hPDLSCs and in hPDLSCs induced to neuronal differentiation by basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, the level of some neural markers have been analyzed. The hPDLSCs spontaneously express Nestin, a neural progenitor marker. In these cells, the neurogenic process induced to rearrange the cytoskeleton, form neurospheres and express higher levels of Nestin and Tyrosine Hydroxylase, indicating neural induction. Protein Kinase C (PKC) is highly expressed in neural tissue and has a key role in neuronal functions. In particular the Ca(2+) and diacylglycerol-dependent activation of PKCα isozyme is involved in the regulation of neuronal differentiation. Another main component of the pathways controlling neuronal differentiation is the Growth Associated Protein-43 (GAP-43), whose activity is strictly regulated by PKC. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of PKCα/GAP-43 nuclear signal transduction pathway during neuronal commitment of hPDLSCs. During hPDLSCs neurogenic commitment the levels of p-PKC and p-GAP-43 increased both in cytoplasmic and nuclear compartment. PKCα nuclear translocation induced GAP-43 movement to the cytoplasm, where it is known to regulate growth cone dynamics and neuronal differentiation. Moreover, the degree of cytosolic Ca(2+) mobilization appeared to be more pronounced in differentiated hPDLSCs than in undifferentiated cells. This study provides evidences of a new PKCα/GAP-43 nuclear signalling pathway that controls neuronal differentiation in hPDLSCs, leading the way to a potential use of these cells in cell-based therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Trubiani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences - CeSI-MET, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria A Mariggiò
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences - CeSI-MET, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Merciaro
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Morabito
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences - CeSI-MET, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcos F X B Cavalcanti
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 9, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lés-Nancy, France; Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 01506-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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32
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Makarova EV, Varvarina GN, Menkov NV, Czapaeva MY, Lazareva ES, Kazatskaya ZA, Novikov VV, Karaulov AV. [Nebulized budesonide in the treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Efficacy, safety, and effects on the serum levels of soluble differentiation molecules]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016; 88:24-31. [PMID: 27030325 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201688324-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of nebulized budesonide and systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCS) (SGCS) in the treatment of an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their effects on the serum concentration of soluble leukocyte differentiation antigens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-eight hospitalized patients with an acute exacerbation of COPD were randomized into two groups: 1) 37 patients took nebulized budesonide 4 mg/day; 2) 41 patients received intravenous prednisolone. The symptoms of COPD, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and other spirometric indicators, peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and adverse events were studied. The serum levels of the soluble adhesion molecules CD50 (sCD50) and CD54 (sCD54) and the lymphocyte activation molecules CD38 (sCD38) and CD25 (sCD25) were investigated by an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS There was a significant resolution of the symptoms of COPD, FEV1, and SpO2 in both groups after treatment. The incidence of hyperglycemia episodes was lower in the budesonide group than in the sGCS group. GCSs caused a decrease in the serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sCD25) in both groups. A prednisolone cycle, unlike a budesonide one, was found to reduce the concentrations of sCD54, sCD50, and sCD38. CONCLUSION Nebulized budesonide is an effective and safe alternative to SGCS in treating an exacerbation of COPD. Inhaled GCSs, unlike SGCSs, exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, but exert no immunosuppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Makarova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - G N Varvarina
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - N V Menkov
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - E S Lazareva
- N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University, National Research University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Zh A Kazatskaya
- N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University, National Research University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V V Novikov
- N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University, National Research University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A V Karaulov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Chang X, Yue L, Liu W, Wang Y, Wang L, Xu B, Wang Y, Pan J, Yan X. CD38 and E2F transcription factor 2 have uniquely increased expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 176:222-31. [PMID: 24397353 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to find novel rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific gene expression by simultaneously comparing the expression profiles of the synovial tissues from patients with RA, osteoarthritis (OA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The Illumina Human HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip was used to investigate the global gene expression profiles in synovial tissues from RA (n = 12), OA (n = 14) and AS (n = 7) patients. By comparing the profiles in synovial tissues from RA, OA and AS, we identified the CD38, ankyrin repeat domain 38 (ANKRD38), E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2), craniofacial development protein 1 (CFDP1), cluster of differentiation (CD)7, interferon-stimulated exonuclease gene 20 kDa (ISG20) and interleukin-2 receptor gamma (IL)-2RG genes as differentially expressed gene expression in RA synovial tissues. The increased expression of CD38, E2F2 and IL-2RG, as revealed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with synovial tissues from RA (n = 30), OA (n = 26) and AS patients (n = 20), was in agreement with the microarray data. Immunohistochemistry revealed significant CD38 expression and E2F2 in synovial membranes from RA patients (n = 5). The CD38(+) cells had high a percentage in the RA patients' blood (n = 103) and in the CD3(+) and CD56(+) subsets. The CD38(+) cell percentage was correlated significantly with RF level (P = 0·026) in RA patients. The IL-1α and IL-β levels were depressed significantly in the culture medium of RA synovial fibroblast cells (n = 5) following treatment with siRNAs targeting the E2F2 or CD38 genes. This study suggests that the uniquely increased expression of CD38 and E2F2 in RA synovial tissues contribute to the immunoactivation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chang
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Parrington J, Tunn R. Ca(2+) signals, NAADP and two-pore channels: role in cellular differentiation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:285-96. [PMID: 24702694 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signals regulate a wide range of physiological processes. Intracellular Ca(2+) stores can be mobilized in response to extracellular stimuli via a range of signal transduction mechanisms, often involving recruitment of diffusible second messenger molecules. The Ca(2+) -mobilizing messengers InsP3 and cADPR release Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum via the InsP3 and ryanodine receptors, respectively, while a third messenger, NAADP, releases Ca(2+) from acidic endosomes and lysosomes. Bidirectional communication between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and acidic organelles may have functional relevance for endolysosomal function as well as for the generation of Ca(2+) signals. The two-pore channels (TPCs) are currently strong candidates for being key components of NAADP-regulated Ca(2+) channels. Ca(2+) signals have been shown to play important roles in differentiation; however, much remains to be established about the exact signalling mechanisms involved. The investigation of the role of NAADP and TPCs in differentiation is still at an early stage, but recent studies have suggested that they are important mediators of differentiation of neurones, skeletal muscle cells and osteoclasts. NAADP signals and TPCs have also been implicated in autophagy, an important process in differentiation. Further studies will be required to identify the precise mechanism of TPC action and their link with NAADP signalling, as well as relating this to their roles in differentiation and other key processes in the cell and organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - R. Tunn
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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Shrimp JH, Hu J, Dong M, Wang BS, MacDonald R, Jiang H, Hao Q, Yen A, Lin H. Revealing CD38 cellular localization using a cell permeable, mechanism-based fluorescent small-molecule probe. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5656-63. [PMID: 24660829 PMCID: PMC4004212 DOI: 10.1021/ja411046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NAD) is increasingly recognized
as an important signaling molecule that affects numerous biological
pathways. Thus, enzymes that metabolize NAD can have important biological
functions. One NAD-metabolizing enzyme in mammals is CD38, a type
II transmembrane protein that converts NAD primarily to adenosine
diphosphate ribose (ADPR) and a small amount of cyclic adenosine diphosphate
ribose (cADPR). Localization of CD38 was originally thought to be
only on the plasma membrane, but later reports showed either significant
or solely, intracellular CD38. With the efficient NAD-hydrolysis activity,
the intracellular CD38 may lead to depletion of cellular NAD, thus
producing harmful effects. Therefore, the intracellular localization
of CD38 needs to be carefully validated. Here, we report the synthesis
and application of a cell permeable, fluorescent small molecule (SR101–F-araNMN)
that can covalently label enzymatically active CD38 with minimal perturbation
of live cells. Using this fluorescent probe, we revealed that CD38
is predominately on the plasma membrane of Raji and retinoic acid
(RA)-treated HL-60 cells. Additionally, the probe revealed no CD38
expression in K562 cells, which was previously reported to have solely
intracellular CD38. The finding that very little intracellular CD38
exists in these cell lines suggests that the major enzymatic function
of CD38 is to hydrolyze extracellular rather than intracellular NAD.
The fluorescent activity-based probes that we developed allow the
localization of CD38 in different cells to be determined, thus enabling
a better understanding of the physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Shrimp
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Does Computational Biology Help us to Understand the Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution of Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Proteins? Protein J 2013; 32:143-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-013-9466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhao Y, Graeff R, Lee HC. Roles of cADPR and NAADP in pancreatic cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2012; 44:719-29. [PMID: 22677461 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) are Ca(2+)-mobilizing nucleotides that were discovered in the late 1980s. Two decades of investigations have built up a considerable understanding about these two molecules that are related because both are derived from pyridine nucleotides and known to be generated by CD38/ADP-ribosyl cyclases. cADPR has been shown to target the ryanodine receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum whereas NAADP stimulates the two-pore channels in the endo-lysosomes. Accumulating results indicate that cADPR and NAADP are second messenger molecules mediating Ca(2+) signaling activated by a wide range of agonists. This article reviews what is known about these two molecules, especially regarding their signaling roles in the pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Martins Filho OA. Special features of quantification of CD8(+)CD38(+) T-cells by flow cytometry does not represent a good biomarker to monitor the reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2011; 33:253-4. [PMID: 23049311 PMCID: PMC3415766 DOI: 10.5581/1516-8484.20110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olindo Assis Martins Filho
- Laboratory of Diagnostic and Monitoring Biomarkers, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Abstract
The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown but it manifests as a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease in the central nervous system (CNS). During chronic CNS inflammation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) concentrations are altered by (T helper) Th1-derived cytokines through the coordinated induction of both indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the ADP cyclase CD38 in pathogenic microglia and lymphocytes. While IDO activation may keep auto-reactive T cells in check, hyper-activation of IDO can leave neuronal CNS cells starving for extracellular sources of NAD. Existing data indicate that glia may serve critical functions as an essential supplier of NAD to neurons during times of stress. Administration of pharmacological doses of non-tryptophan NAD precursors ameliorates pathogenesis in animal models of MS. Animal models of MS involve artificially stimulated autoimmune attack of myelin by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) or by viral-mediated demyelination using Thieler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). The Wld(S) mouse dramatically resists razor axotomy mediated axonal degeneration. This resistance is due to increased efficiency of NAD biosynthesis that delays stress-induced depletion of axonal NAD and ATP. Although the Wld(S) genotype protects against EAE pathogenesis, TMEV-mediated pathogenesis is exacerbated. In this review, we contrast the role of NAD in EAE versus TMEV demyelinating pathogenesis to increase our understanding of the pharmacotherapeutic potential of NAD signal transduction pathways. We speculate on the importance of increased SIRT1 activity in both PARP-1 inhibition and the potentially integral role of neuronal CD200 interactions through glial CD200R with induction of IDO in MS pathogenesis. A comprehensive review of immunomodulatory control of NAD biosynthesis and degradation in MS pathogenesis is presented. Distinctive pharmacological approaches designed for NAD-complementation or targeting NAD-centric proteins (SIRT1, SIRT2, PARP-1, GPR109a, and CD38) are outlined towards determining which approach may work best in the context of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Todd Penberthy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA.
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