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Lomovskaya YV, Kobyakova MI, Senotov AS, Fadeeva IS, Lomovsky AI, Krasnov KS, Shtatnova DY, Akatov VS, Fadeev RS. Myeloid Differentiation Increases Resistance of Leukemic Cells to TRAIL-Induced Death by Reducing the Expression of DR4 and DR5 Receptors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747822060101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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2
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Zhou M, Gao X, Zheng X, Luo J. Functions and clinical significance of circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010579. [PMID: 36506538 PMCID: PMC9729264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently closed single-stranded RNA molecules. Four types of circRNAs have been reported in animal cells, and they have typical characteristics in their biogenesis, nuclear export and degradation. Advances in our understanding of the molecular functions of circRNAs in sponging microRNAs, modulating transcription, regulating RNA-binding proteins, as well as encoding proteins have been made very recently. Dysregulated circRNAs are associated with human diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we focus on the recently described mechanisms, role and clinical significance of circRNAs in AML. Although great progress of circRNAs in AML has been achieved, substantial efforts are still required to explore whether circRNAs exert their biological function by other mechanisms such as regulation of gene transcription or serving as translation template in AML. It is also urgent that researchers study the machineries regulating circRNAs fate, the downstream effectors of circRNAs modulatory networks, and the clinical application of circRNAs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China,Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhou, ; Jing Luo,
| | - Xianling Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhou, ; Jing Luo,
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3
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Genetic Events Inhibiting Apoptosis in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092167. [PMID: 33946435 PMCID: PMC8125500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Despite the genetic heterogeneity of the disease, most patients are initially treated with a combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), but relapse occurs in ~50% of patients. One of the hallmarks of DLBCL is the occurrence of genetic events that inhibit apoptosis, which contributes to disease development and resistance to therapy. These events can affect the intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways, or their modulators. Understanding the factors that contribute to inhibition of apoptosis in DLBCL is crucial in order to be able to develop targeted therapies and improve outcomes, particularly in relapsed and refractory DLBCL (rrDLBCL). This review provides a description of the genetic events inhibiting apoptosis in DLBCL, their contribution to lymphomagenesis and chemoresistance, and their implication for the future of DLBCL therapy. Abstract Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is curable with chemoimmunotherapy in ~65% of patients. One of the hallmarks of the pathogenesis and resistance to therapy in DLBCL is inhibition of apoptosis, which allows malignant cells to survive and acquire further alterations. Inhibition of apoptosis can be the result of genetic events inhibiting the intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways, as well as their modulators, such as the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, P53, and components of the NF-kB pathway. Mechanisms of dysregulation include upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and downregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins via point mutations, amplifications, deletions, translocations, and influences of other proteins. Understanding the factors contributing to resistance to apoptosis in DLBCL is crucial in order to be able to develop targeted therapies that could improve outcomes by restoring apoptosis in malignant cells. This review describes the genetic events inhibiting apoptosis in DLBCL, provides a perspective of their interactions in lymphomagenesis, and discusses their implication for the future of DLBCL therapy.
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Wang H, Geng C, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Chen W. Cyclopamine sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to circularly permuted TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:295. [PMID: 33732371 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-myeloma drug prototype. The aim of the present study was to investigate the synergistic effects of cyclopamine and circularly permuted TRAIL (CPT) on the proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of cyclopamine on the proliferation of human myeloma RPMI-8226 and SKO-007 cells were weak. RPMI-8226 cells were sensitive to CPT; however, the proliferation of SKO-007 cells was not effectively inhibited by CPT. SKO-007 cells were thus considered resistant to cyclopamine and CPT and used for subsequent experiments. Treatment with a combination of cyclopamine and CPT significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Moreover, the Q value showed that cyclopamine combined with CPT could synergistically inhibit the proliferation of SKO-007 cells. Cyclopamine increased CPT-induced apoptosis in the SKO-007 cells and exhibited a synergistic induction of apoptosis when combined with CPT. Moreover, the combination of cyclopamine and CPT decreased the ratio of myeloma stem cells. Quantitative PCR showed that cyclopamine decreased the mRNA expression levels of GLI1/GLI2/GLI3 and increased the expression levels of death receptor 4. In conclusion, the present study showed that a combination of cyclopamine and CPT exhibited synergistic effects on the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Chuanying Geng
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Huixing Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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5
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Sun Y, Shi X, Peng X, Li Y, Ma H, Li D, Cao X. MicroRNA-181a exerts anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of the ERK pathway in mice with intervertebral disc degeneration. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2676-2686. [PMID: 31508816 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic decomposition of extracellular matrix and possibly local inflammation may cause intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). MicroRNAs have been reported to correlate with the development of IDD. In this experiment, we aim at finding out the role of miR-181a in the inflammation of IDD and the underlying mechanism. The targeting relationship between miR-181a and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was verified. Following the establishment of IDD mouse models, disc height index (DHI) and the change of DHI (%DHI) were measured. The functional role of miR-181a in IDD was determined using ectopic expression and depletion and reporter assay experiments. Expression of miR-181a, TRAIL, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway-related genes and inflammatory factors was evaluated. Also, the expression of collagen I and collagen II was observed. miR-181a directly targeted TRAIL. IDD mice exhibited significant degeneration of the intervertebral disc. miR-181a was downregulated while TRAIL was upregulated in mice with IDD. miR-181a upregulation and the ERK pathway inhibition could reduce expression of TRAIL, ERK pathway-related genes, inflammatory factors, and collagen I, but promote collagen II expression. Our results reveal that upregulation of miR-181a protects against inflammatory response by inactivating the ERK pathway via suppression of TRAIL in IDD mice. These results point to miR-181a as a potential therapeutic target for the clinical management of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Sun
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiangqin Shi
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanzhou Li
- Department of Intervention, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Husheng Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiangyang Cao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
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Wang Y, Li JJ, Ba HJ, Wang KF, Wen XZ, Li DD, Zhu XF, Zhang XS. Down Regulation of c-FLIP L Enhance PD-1 Blockade Efficacy in B16 Melanoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:857. [PMID: 31552181 PMCID: PMC6738195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) had an impressive long-lasting effect in a portion of advanced-stage melanoma patients, however, this therapy failed to induce responses in several patients; how to increase the objective response rate is very important. Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) could inhibit apoptosis directly at the death-inducing signaling complex of death receptors and is also considered to be the main cause of immune escape. The overexpression of c-FLIPL occurs frequently in melanoma and its expression is associated with the prognosis. We found that the level of c-FLIPL expression was associated with the PD-1 blockade response rate in melanoma patients. Thus, we performed this research to investigate how c-FLIPL regulates immunotherapy in melanoma. We demonstrate that down regulation of c-FLIPL enhances the PD-1 blockade efficacy in B16 melanoma tumor model. Down regulation of c-FLIPL could increase the tumor apoptosis and enhance the antitumor response of T cells in the lymphocyte tumor cells co-culture system. Moreover, knockdown of c-FLIPL could decrease the expression of PD-L1 and recruit more effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Our results may provide a new combined therapeutic target for further improving the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Jun Ba
- Pediatric Cardiology Department, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Zhi Wen
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Ko JH, Lee SG, Yang WM, Um JY, Sethi G, Mishra S, Shanmugam MK, Ahn KS. The Application of Embelin for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29522451 PMCID: PMC6017120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Embelin is a naturally-occurring benzoquinone compound that has been shown to possess many biological properties relevant to human cancer prevention and treatment, and increasing evidence indicates that embelin may modulate various characteristic hallmarks of tumor cells. This review summarizes the information related to the various oncogenic pathways that mediate embelin-induced cell death in multiple cancer cells. The mechanisms of the action of embelin are numerous, and most of them induce apoptotic cell death that may be intrinsic or extrinsic, and modulate the NF-κB, p53, PI3K/AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Embelin also induces autophagy in cancer cells; however, these autophagic cell-death mechanisms of embelin have been less reported than the apoptotic ones. Recently, several autophagy-inducing agents have been used in the treatment of different human cancers, although they require further exploration before being transferred from the bench to the clinic. Therefore, embelin could be used as a potential agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Srishti Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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8
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Hirpara JL, Loh T, Ng SB, Chng WJ, Pervaiz S. Aberrant localization of apoptosis protease activating factor-1 in lipid raft sub-domains of diffuse large B cell lymphomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83964-83975. [PMID: 27863378 PMCID: PMC5356638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy remains a challenge in the clinical management of diffuse B cell lymphomas despite aggressive chemotherapy such as CHOP and monoclonal CD20. Here we provide evidence that the apoptosome adaptor protein, Apaf-1, is mislocalized in primary cells derived from patients with diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Whereas, the total expression of Apaf-1 did not change, its sub-cellular localization was significantly different in DLBCL, compared to T cell lymphomas as well as cells derived from reactive lymphadenopathy biopsies. As expected, Apaf-1 was detected in the cytosolic fractions of non-B cell lymphomas and non-cancerous tissues; however, in B cell derived lymphomas the protein was detected in membrane raft sub-domains rather than the cytosol. Disruption of lipid raft structures resulted in the redistribution of Apaf-1 to the cytosol and restored apoptosis sensitivity of DLBCL. Furthermore, we identified novel small molecule compounds that target DLBCL by promoting Apaf-1 release form lipid rafts via mechanisms that involve an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species production. Taken together, our results implicate Apaf-1 mislocalization as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for DLBCL, and provide a novel therapeutic strategy for circumventing the drug refractory nature of this sub-class of B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree L Hirpara
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Experimental Therapeutics Program, Cancer Science Institute, National University Healthcare System, Singapore
| | - Thomas Loh
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University Healthcare System, Singapore
| | - Siok Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, National University Healthcare System, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute, National University Healthcare System, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Healthcare System,.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Lam PY, Nissen MD, Mattarollo SR. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Immune Regulation of Blood Cancers: Harnessing Their Potential in Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1355. [PMID: 29109728 PMCID: PMC5660073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique innate T lymphocyte population that possess cytolytic properties and profound immunoregulatory activities. iNKT cells play an important role in the immune surveillance of blood cancers. They predominantly recognize glycolipid antigens presented on CD1d, but their activation and cytolytic activities are not confined to CD1d expressing cells. iNKT cell stimulation and subsequent production of immunomodulatory cytokines serve to enhance the overall antitumor immune response. Crucially, the activation of iNKT cells in cancer often precedes the activation and priming of other immune effector cells, such as NK cells and T cells, thereby influencing the generation and outcome of the antitumor immune response. Blood cancers can evade or dampen iNKT cell responses by downregulating expression of recognition receptors or by actively suppressing or diverting iNKT cell functions. This review will discuss literature on iNKT cell activity and associated dysregulation in blood cancers as well as highlight some of the strategies designed to harness and enhance iNKT cell functions against blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yeng Lam
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael D. Nissen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Mattarollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Mielczarek-Palacz A, Sikora J, Kondera-Anasz Z. Assessment of concentrations of sTRAIL ligand and its receptors sTRAIL-R1 and sTRAIL-R2 - markers monitoring the course of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis induction: potential application in ovarian cancer diagnostics. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:624-628. [PMID: 28507579 PMCID: PMC5420616 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.53144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) together with its receptors are involved in activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Due to the special role of the apoptosis pathway in pathogenesis of ovarian cancers, the aim of the study was to assess concentrations of sTRAIL, sTRAIL-R1 and sTRAIL-R2 in serum of affected women. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group included 85 women with diagnosed ovarian tumors: 35 women with ovarian serous cystadenoma, 15 women with ovarian teratoma and 35 women with serous cystadenocarcinoma. The control group consisted of 30 healthy women. Concentrations of studied parameters were measured by ELISA methods. RESULTS Serum levels of all studied parameters were higher in serum of women with ovarian tumors than in the controls, but their concentrations varied depending on the clinical diagnosis. The highest concentration of TRAIL was found in serum of women with ovarian cancer, the highest sTRAIL-R1 level in serum of women with ovarian mature teratoma, and the highest sTRAIL-R2 level in serum of women with ovarian serous cystadenoma. CONCLUSIONS The state of immunosuppression accompanying neoplastic disease depends on the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis induction in the TRAIL/TRAIL-R system. Determination of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 levels may prove to be useful in ovarian tumor differential diagnostics, which requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Immunology and Serology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Justyna Sikora
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Immunology and Serology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Zdzisława Kondera-Anasz
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Immunology and Serology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Yu R, Albarenque SM, Cool RH, Quax WJ, Mohr A, Zwacka RM. DR4 specific TRAIL variants are more efficacious than wild-type TRAIL in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1658-66. [PMID: 25482930 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.972183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatment modalities for pancreatic carcinoma afford only modest survival benefits. TRAIL, as a potent and specific inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells, would be a promising new treatment option. However, since not all pancreatic cancer cells respond to TRAIL, further improvements and optimizations are still needed. One strategy to improve the effectiveness of TRAIL-based therapies is to specifically target one of the 2 cell death inducing TRAIL-receptors, TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 to overcome resistance. To this end, we designed constructs expressing soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) variants that were rendered specific for either TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 by amino acid changes in the TRAIL ectodomain. When we expressed these constructs, including wild-type sTRAIL (sTRAIL(wt)), TRAIL-R1 (sTRAIL(DR4)) and TRAIL-R2 (sTRAIL(DR5)) specific variants, in 293 producer cells we found all to be readily expressed and secreted into the supernatant. These supernatants were subsequently transferred onto target cancer cells and apoptosis measured. We found that the TRAIL-R1 specific variant had higher apoptosis-inducing activity in human pancreatic carcinoma Colo357 cells as well as PancTu1 cells that were additionally sensitized by targeting of XIAP. Finally, we tested TRAIL-R1 specific recombinant TRAIL protein (rTRAIL(DR4)) on Colo357 xenografts in nude mice and found them to be more efficacious than rTRAIL(wt). Our results demonstrate the benefits of synthetic biological approaches and show that TRAIL-R1 specific variants can potentially enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL-based therapies in pancreatic cancer, suggesting that they can possibly become part of individualized and tumor specific combination treatments in the future.
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Key Words
- AML, Acute myeloid leukemia
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance between groups
- Apoptosis
- BSA, Bovine Serum Albumin
- Bcl-xL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large
- CMV, Cytomegalie virus
- CuZnSOD, Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DR4 specific TRAIL variant
- EGFP, Enhanced green fluorescent protein
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FADD, Fas-associated protein with death domain
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- FIB, Fibrillin
- FLIP, FLICE-like inhibitory protein
- Furin CS, Furin cleavage site
- IFN-g, Interferon-gamma
- ILZ, Isoleucine zipper
- MSC, Mesenchymal stem cell
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- OPG, Osteoprogerin
- PBS, Phosphate buffered saline
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
- RNAi, RNA interference
- RPMI 1640 medium, Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium
- SDS, Sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SDS-PAGE, SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SEM, Standard error of the mean
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- TRAIL
- TRAIL receptor
- TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-receptor 1/Death – receptor 4
- TRAIL-R2/DR5, TRAIL-receptor 2/ Death – receptor 5
- TRAIL-R3/DcR1, TRAIL-receptor 3/Decoy-receptor 1
- TRAIL-R4/DcR2, TRAIL-receptor 4/Decoy-receptor 2
- XIAP
- XIAP, X-linked Inhibitor of apoptosis protein
- pancreatic cancer
- rTRAIL, recombinant TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- sTRAIL, soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- sh-sequence, short-hairpin sequence
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- a National University of Ireland; Galway; National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Apoptosis Research Centre; Molecular Therapeutics Group ; Galway , Ireland
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Song Y, Buchwald P. TNF superfamily protein-protein interactions: feasibility of small- molecule modulation. Curr Drug Targets 2015; 16:393-408. [PMID: 25706111 PMCID: PMC4408546 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150223115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (TNFSF) contains about thirty structurally related receptors (TNFSFRs) and about twenty protein ligands that bind to one or more of these receptors. Almost all of these cell surface protein-protein interactions (PPIs) represent high-value therapeutic targets for inflammatory or immune modulation in autoimmune diseases, transplant recipients, or cancers, and there are several biologics including antibodies and fusion proteins targeting them that are in various phases of clinical development. Small-molecule inhibitors or activators could represent possible alternatives if the difficulties related to the targeting of protein-protein interactions by small molecules can be addressed. Compounds proving the feasibility of such approaches have been identified through different drug discovery approaches for a number of these TNFSFR-TNFSF type PPIs including CD40-CD40L, BAFFR-BAFF, TRAIL-DR5, and OX40-OX40L. Corresponding structural, signaling, and medicinal chemistry aspects are briefly reviewed here. While none of these small-molecule modulators identified so far seems promising enough to be pursued for clinical development, they provide proof-of-principle evidence that these interactions are susceptible to small-molecule modulation and can serve as starting points toward the identification of more potent and selective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10 Ave (R-134), Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Effect of TRAIL in combination with DDP on the expression of MDR1 gene in gastric cancer cells. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2014; 9:214-9. [PMID: 25276252 PMCID: PMC4178047 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2014.45103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor, and gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy is one of the most important treatment options for gastric cancer, and could improve the overall survival rate and quality of live, one significant reason for its failure is multidrug resistance (MDR). AIM To study the effect of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) combined with chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (DDP) on the expression of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) in the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901/VCR. MATERIAL AND METHODS SGC-7901/VCR cells were cultured with DDP and TRAIL in various concentrations. The apoptosis rate was separately measured by a flow cytometer in DDP (sub-toxic dose) alone, TRAIL (200 µg/l) alone and in a combination of the two. Expression levels of MDR1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA analysis, respectively. RESULTS The apoptosis rate in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). According to the results of RT-PCR and ELISA, the expressions of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp in the combination group were statistically significant different compared with other groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combination of TRAIL with DDP could reverse MDR phenotype in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/VCR. The mechanism may be involved in the down-regulation of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp, which may play an essential role in overcoming the chemotherapeutic resistance of gastric cancer cells. This study indicates that a combination of chemotherapy and TRAIL may be an effective strategy to treat MDR gastric cancer.
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The synergistic effects of low dose fluorouracil and TRAIL on TRAIL-resistant human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:293874. [PMID: 24324958 PMCID: PMC3845848 DOI: 10.1155/2013/293874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a TNF family member which has been under intense focus because of its remarkable ability to induce apoptosis in malignant human cells while leaving normal cells unscathed. However, many cancer cells remain resistant to TRAIL. In this study, we had investigated the synergistic effects of low dose fluorouracil (5-Fu) and TRAIL on TRAIL-resistant human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells and explored the potential mechanisms. Cell viability was analyzed by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and the synergistic effects were evaluated by Jin's formula and confirmed by both morphological changes under inverted microscope and flow cytometry. The expression of TRAIL-R1 (death receptor 4, DR4), TRAIL-R2 (DR5), TRAIL-R3 (decoy receptor, DcR1), TRAIL-R4 (DcR2), procaspase-3, procaspase-8, and procaspase-9 was detected by western blotting. Our results showed that there were significant synergistic effects of low dose 5-Fu and TRAIL on TRAIL-resistant AGS cells, and this effect was supposed to be mediated by decreasing DcR2 expression and increasing DR5 expression. The extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways were both activated. The data suggest that combined treatment of low dose 5-Fu and TRAIL can be an effective therapeutic approach for gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major resistance factor and critical anti-apoptotic regulator that inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Fas-L, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis as well as chemotherapy-triggered apoptosis in malignant cells. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIP(L)), short (c-FLIP(S)), and c-FLIP(R) splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 in a ligand-dependent and-independent fashion, which in turn prevents death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. Moreover, c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) are known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective signaling molecules. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its downregulation has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that specifically knockdown the expression of c-FLIP(L) in diverse human cancer cell lines augmented TRAIL-induced DISC recruitment and increased the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby enhancing effector caspase stimulation and apoptosis. Moreover, small molecules causing degradation of c-FLIP as well as decreasing mRNA and protein levels of c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) splice variants have been found, and efforts are underway to develop other c-FLIP-targeted cancer therapies. This review focuses on (1) the functional role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and drug resistance; (2) the molecular mechanisms that regulate c-FLIP expression; and (3) strategies to inhibit c-FLIP expression and function.
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Du W, Erden O, Pang Q. TNF-α signaling in Fanconi anemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 52:2-11. [PMID: 23890415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and the acute phase reaction. Dysregulation of TNF production has been implicated in a variety of human diseases including Fanconi anemia (FA). FA is a genomic instability syndrome characterized by progressive bone marrow failure and cancer susceptibility. The patients with FA are often found overproducing TNF-α, which may directly affect hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function by impairing HSC survival, homing and proliferation, or indirectly change the bone marrow microenvironment critical for HSC homeostasis and function, therefore contributing to disease progression in FA. In this brief review, we discuss the link between TNF-α signaling and FA pathway with emphasis on the implication of inflammation in the pathophysiology and abnormal hematopoiesis in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Resting tumor cells represent a huge challenge during anticancer therapy due to their increased treatment resistance. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a putative future anticancer drug, currently in phases I and II clinical studies. We recently showed that TRAIL is able to target leukemia stem cell surrogates. Here, we tested the ability of TRAIL to target cell cycle-arrested tumor cells. Cell cycle arrest was induced in tumor cell lines and xenografted tumor cells in G0, G1 or G2 using cytotoxic drugs, phase-specific inhibitors or RNA interference against cyclinB and E. Biochemical or molecular arrest at any point of the cell cycle increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, when cell cycle arrest was disabled by addition of caffeine, the antitumor activity of TRAIL was reduced. Most important for clinical translation, tumor cells from three children with B precursor or T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis upon knockdown of either cyclinB or cyclinE, arresting the cell cycle in G2 or G1, respectively. Taken together and in contrast to most conventional cytotoxic drugs, TRAIL exerts enhanced antitumor activity against cell cycle-arrested tumor cells. Therefore, TRAIL might represent an interesting drug to treat static-tumor disease, for example, during minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajen Mody
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5718, USA
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Ayers D, Nasti A. Utilisation of nanoparticle technology in cancer chemoresistance. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2012; 2012:265691. [PMID: 23213536 PMCID: PMC3505656 DOI: 10.1155/2012/265691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs in the fight against cancer has played an invariably essential role for minimizing the extent of tumour progression and/or metastases in the patient and thus allowing for longer event free survival periods following chemotherapy. However, such therapeutics are nonspecific and bring with them dose-dependent cumulative adverse effects which can severely exacerbate patient suffering. In addition, the emergence of innate and/or acquired chemoresistance to the exposed cytotoxic agents undoubtedly serves to thwart effective clinical efficacy of chemotherapy in the cancer patient. The advent of nanotechnology has led to the development of a myriad of nanoparticle-based strategies with the specific goal to overcome such therapeutic hurdles in multiple cancer conditions. This paper aims to provide a brief overview and recollection of all the latest advances in the last few years concerning the application of nanoparticle technology to enhance the safe and effective delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the tumour site, together with providing possible solutions to circumvent cancer chemoresistance in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Ayers
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2060, Malta
| | - Alessandro Nasti
- School of Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, University of Kanazawa, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Activations of Both Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways in HCT 116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Contribute to Apoptosis through p53-Mediated ATM/Fas Signaling by Emilia sonchifolia Extract, a Folklore Medicinal Plant. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:178178. [PMID: 22474491 PMCID: PMC3303801 DOI: 10.1155/2012/178178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC (Compositae), an herbaceous plant found in Taiwan and India, is used as folk medicine. The clinical applications include inflammation, rheumatism, cough, cuts fever, dysentery, analgesic, and antibacteria. The activities of Emilia sonchifolia extract (ESE) on colorectal cancer cell death have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study explored the induction of apoptosis and its molecular mechanisms in ESE-treated HCT 116 human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. The methanolic ESE was characterized, and γ-humulene was formed as the major constituent (63.86%). ESE induced cell growth inhibition in a concentration- and time-dependent response by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells (DNA fragmentation, an apoptotic catachrestic) were found after ESE treatment by TUNEL assay and DNA gel electrophoresis. Alternatively, ESE stimulated the activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9 and their specific caspase inhibitors protected against ESE-induced cytotoxicity. ESE promoted the mitochondria-dependent and death-receptor-associated protein levels. Also, ESE increased ROS production and upregulated the levels of ATM, p53, and Fas in HCT 116 cells. Strikingly, p53 siRNA reversed ESE-reduced viability involved in p53-mediated ATM/Fas signaling in HCT 116 cells. In summary, our result is the first report suggesting that ESE may be potentially efficacious in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Henrich CJ, Thomas CL, Brooks AD, Booth NL, Lowery EM, Pompei RJ, McMahon JB, Sayers TJ. Effects of cucurbitacins on cell morphology are associated with sensitization of renal carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis 2012; 17:79-89. [PMID: 21928090 PMCID: PMC3345813 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacins B and D were among the compounds identified as sensitizers of cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in a high-throughput screen. Therefore a series of cucurbitacins was further investigated for TRAIL sensitization and possible mechanisms of action. A total of six cucurbitacins promoted TRAIL-induced apoptosis (B, I, E, C, D, and K) and one (P) was inactive. Sensitization of renal adenocarcinoma cells to TRAIL was apparent after as little as 1-4 h pretreatment and did not require continued presence of cucurbitacin. Active cucurbitacins induced caspase-8 activation only after subsequent TRAIL addition and caspase activation was required for apoptosis suggesting amplified proximal signaling from TRAIL death receptors. Cucurbitacin-sensitized TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity was inhibited by N-acetyl cysteine. Structure-activity relationship analysis in comparison to published studies suggests that TRAIL-sensitizing and general cytotoxic activities of cucurbitacins may be decoupled. Cucurbitacins are reported to be inhibitors of STAT3 activation. However, their TRAIL-sensitizing activity is STAT3-independent. Treatment of renal carcinoma cells with active cucurbitacins produced rapid and dramatic changes in cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization (also prevented by NAC). Therefore, cucurbitacins may be useful as tools for investigating the molecular mechanism(s) of action of TRAIL sensitizers, particularly with regard to temporal aspects of sensitization and modulation of TRAIL signaling by cell morphology, and could form the basis for future therapeutic development in combination with TRAIL death receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J Henrich
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
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Uddin S, Hussain AR, Ahmed M, Al-Sanea N, Abduljabbar A, Ashari LH, Alhomoud S, Al-Dayel F, Bavi P, Al-Kuraya KS. Coexpression of activated c-Met and death receptor 5 predicts better survival in colorectal carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:3032-44. [PMID: 21978492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor, c-Met, has been reported in various cancers, but its role in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of phosphorylated Met (p-Met) in Middle Eastern CRC patient samples and cell lines. The p-Met was overexpressed in 80.8% of CRCs and strongly associated with the expression of p-AKT, DR5, and Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry. Coexpression of p-Met and DR5 was seen in 53.1% of CRC cases and was associated with a less aggressive phenotype, characterized by a histological subtype of adenocarcinomas, well-differentiated tumors, and was an independent prognostic marker for better overall survival. PHA665752, a selective p-Met inhibitor, induced apoptosis in CRC cells via inactivation of c-Met and AKT. PHA665752 treatment also caused increased expression of DR5 via generation of reactive oxygen species, and combination treatment with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and PHA665752 induced significant apoptosis. In vivo, cotreatment of a CRC xenograft with PHA665752 and TRAIL significantly reduced tumor volume and weight. These data demonstrate a significant correlation between p-Met and DR5 in patients with CRC. Furthermore, inhibition of p-Met signaling by PHA665752 in combination with TRAIL significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in CRC cell lines, suggesting that this may have significant clinical implications as a therapeutic target in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Uddin
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Martínez-Paniagua MA, Baritaki S, Huerta-Yepez S, Ortiz-Navarrete VF, González-Bonilla C, Bonavida B, Vega MI. Mcl-1 and YY1 inhibition and induction of DR5 by the BH3-mimetic Obatoclax (GX15-070) contribute in the sensitization of B-NHL cells to TRAIL apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:2792-805. [PMID: 21822052 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.16.16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pan Bcl-2 family antagonist Obatoclax (GX15-070), currently in clinical trials, was shown to sensitize TRAIL-resistant tumors to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via the release of Bak and Bim from Mcl-1 or Bcl-2/Bcl-XL complexes or by the activation of Bax, though other mechanisms were not examined. Herein, we hypothesize that Obatoclax-mediated sensitization to TRAIL apoptosis may also result from alterations of the apoptotic pathways. The TRAIL-resistant B-cell line Ramos was used as a model for investigation. Treatment of Ramos cells with Obatoclax significantly inhibited the expression of several members of the Bcl-2 family, dissociated Bak from Mcl-1 and inhibited the NFκB activity. Cells treated with Mcl-1 siRNA were sensitized to TRAIL apoptosis. We examined whether the sensitization of Ramos to TRAIL by Obatoclax resulted from signaling of the DR4 and/or DR5. Transfection with DR5 siRNA, but not with DR4 siRNA, sensitized the cells to apoptosis following treatment with Obatoclax and TRAIL. The signaling via DR5 correlated with Obatoclax-induced inhibition of the DR5 repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). Transfection with YY1 siRNA sensitized the cells to TRAIL apoptosis following treatment with Obatoclax and TRAIL. Overall, the present findings reveal a new mechanism of Obatoclax-induced sensitization to TRAIL apoptosis and the involvement of the inhibition of NFκB activity and downstream Mcl-1 and YY1 expressions and activities.
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Sun J, McKallip RJ. Plumbagin treatment leads to apoptosis in human K562 leukemia cells through increased ROS and elevated TRAIL receptor expression. Leuk Res 2011; 35:1402-8. [PMID: 21741707 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the ability of plumbagin to induce apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Plumbagin exposure led to a significant reduction in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis. Mechanistically, plumbagin treatment led to elevated levels of ROS. Plumbagin-induced apoptosis was inhibited by N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) and PEG-catalase. Furthermore, plumbagin exposure led to elevated expression of DR4 and DR5 and increased killing through soluble TRAIL. The plumbagin-induced increase in DR4 and DR5 was inhibited by treatment with NAC. Together, this study suggests that plumbagin may be an effective treatment of CML through increased sensitivity to TRAIL-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Sun
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College St., Macon, GA 31207, USA
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Norian LA, James BR, Griffith TS. Advances in Viral Vector-Based TRAIL Gene Therapy for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:603-20. [PMID: 24212631 PMCID: PMC3756379 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous biologic approaches are being investigated as anti-cancer therapies in an attempt to induce tumor regression while circumventing the toxic side effects associated with standard chemo- or radiotherapies. Among these, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has shown particular promise in pre-clinical and early clinical trials, due to its preferential ability to induce apoptotic cell death in cancer cells and its minimal toxicity. One limitation of TRAIL use is the fact that many tumor types display an inherent resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. To circumvent this problem, researchers have explored a number of strategies to optimize TRAIL delivery and to improve its efficacy via co-administration with other anti-cancer agents. In this review, we will focus on TRAIL-based gene therapy approaches for the treatment of malignancies. We will discuss the main viral vectors that are being used for TRAIL gene therapy and the strategies that are currently being attempted to improve the efficacy of TRAIL as an anti-cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyse A. Norian
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Britnie R. James
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Thomas S. Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; E-Mail:
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-319-335-7581; Fax: +1-319-353-4556
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Li-Weber M. Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer by Chinese medicine. Cancer Lett 2010; 332:304-12. [PMID: 20685036 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) uses a combination of different natural products based on practical experiences. To better understand the therapeutic functions of TCM, large efforts have been made to identify the principle constituents of TCM and to unravel the molecular mechanisms behind the efficacy observed. This review aims to summarize research results obtained from the most intensively studied TCM phytochemical compounds namely the alkaloids Berberine, Evodiamine; anthraquinones Emodin, Aloe-emodin, Rhein; the terpenoids Artemisinin, Celastrol, Triptolide; the flavones Apigenin, Chrysin, Wogonin, Baicalein; and the cyclopenta[b]benzofuran derivatives Rocaglamide. Most of them have been originally identified as anti-inflammatory and anti-viral reagents and are now known to also possess anti-tumor activities by targeting the apoptosis pathways in cancer. This review also intends to give an overview of the mechanisms of action identified so far. These breakthrough findings may have important implications for targeted-cancer therapy and for modernization of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li-Weber
- Tumor Immunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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