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Signorello MG, Ravera S, Leoncini G. Endocannabinoids effect on oxidative status of human platelets. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:46-58. [PMID: 36260649 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to regulate platelet activation. Since endocannabinoids behave as platelet agonists, we investigated the effect of two endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) and anandamide (AEA) on the oxidative status of human platelets. We have demonstrated that 2AG and AEA stimulate ROS production, superoxide anion formation and lipid peroxidation. The effect is dose and time dependent and mainly occurs through the involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) since all tested parameters are greatly reduced by SR141716, the CB1 specific inhibitor. The specific inhibitor of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) SR144528 produces a very small inhibition. The involvement of syk/PI3K/AKT/mTor pathway in oxidative stress induced by endocannabinoids is shown. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase seems to be poorly involved in the endocannabinoids effect. Concerning the aerobic metabolism, it has been demonstrated that endocannabinoids reduce the oxygen consumption and adenosine triphosphate synthesis, both in the presence of pyruvate + malate or succinate. In addition, endocannabinoids inhibit the activity of respiratory complexes II, III and IV and increase the activity of respiratory complex I. The endocannabinoids effect on aerobic metabolism seems to be also a CB1 mediated mechanism. Thus, in human platelets oxidative stress induced by endocannabinoids, mainly generated in the respiratory chain through the activation of complex I and the inhibition of complex II, III and IV, may lead to thrombotic events, contributing to cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuliana Leoncini
- Biochemistry Lab, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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2
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Degjoni A, Campolo F, Stefanini L, Venneri MA. The NO/cGMP/PKG pathway in platelets: The therapeutic potential of PDE5 inhibitors in platelet disorders. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2465-2474. [PMID: 35950928 PMCID: PMC9805178 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are the "guardians" of the blood circulatory system. At sites of vessel injury, they ensure hemostasis and promote immunity and vessel repair. However, their uncontrolled activation is one of the main drivers of thrombosis. To keep circulating platelets in a quiescent state, the endothelium releases platelet antagonists including nitric oxide (NO) that acts by stimulating the intracellular receptor guanylyl cyclase (GC). The latter produces the second messenger cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) that inhibits platelet activation by stimulating protein kinase G, which phosphorylates hundreds of intracellular targets. Intracellular cGMP pools are tightly regulated by a fine balance between GC and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that are responsible for the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is a cGMP-specific PDE, broadly expressed in most tissues in humans and rodents. In clinical practice, PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are used as first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction, pulmonary artery hypertension, and lower urinary tract symptoms. However, several studies have shown that PDE5i may ameliorate the outcome of various other conditions, like heart failure and stroke. Interestingly, NO donors and cGMP analogs increase the capacity of anti-platelet drugs targeting the purinergic receptor type Y, subtype 12 (P2Y12) receptor to block platelet aggregation, and preclinical studies have shown that PDE5i inhibits platelet functions. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of PDE5i on platelet activation and aggregation focusing on the therapeutic potential of PDE5i in platelet disorders, and the outcomes of a combined therapy with PDE5i and NO donors to inhibit platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Degjoni
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lucia Stefanini
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Mendes Ferreira RC, de Almeida DL, Duarte IDG, Aguiar DC, Moreira FA, Romero TRL. The antipsychotic aripiprazole induces peripheral antinociceptive effects through PI3Kγ/NO/cGMP/K
ATP
pathway activation. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:825-834. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Dimitri Gama Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Daniele Cristina Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacology Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Fabrício Araújo Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Minas Gerais Brazil
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Abán CE, Accialini PL, Etcheverry T, Leguizamón GF, Martinez NA, Farina MG. Crosstalk Between Nitric Oxide and Endocannabinoid Signaling Pathways in Normal and Pathological Placentation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1699. [PMID: 30564135 PMCID: PMC6288445 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are a group of endogenous lipid mediators that act as ligands of cannabinoid and vanilloid receptors, activating multiple signal transduction pathways. Together with enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation, these compounds constitute the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in different physiological processes in reproduction. The placenta, which is essential for the success of gestation and optimal fetal growth, undergoes constant tissue remodeling. ECS members are expressed in trophoblast cells, and current evidence suggests that this system is involved in placental development, apoptosis, and syncytialization. Impairment of endocannabinoid signaling has been associated with several pathological conditions such as intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia. Both clinical entities are characterized by dysregulation on vascular perfusion where nitrergic system performs a pivotal role. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent local vasodepressor that exerts a critical role in the regulation of hemodynamic flow, contributing to the maintenance of low vascular resistance in the feto-placental circulation. NO production could be affected by different factors and growing evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid mediators may regulate nitrergic signaling. Herein, we review emerging knowledge supporting ECS-mediated regulation of NO production in normal placentation. Finally, we discuss how alterations in these systems could affect homoeostasis and contribute to the occurrence of placental-mediated pregnancy complications. Given the impact on women and perinatal heath, we will focus on current knowledge regarding the effects of ECS on nitrergic system in normal and pathological placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntia E Abán
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a las Neurociencias (LIAN), FLENI - CONICET, Belén de Escobar, Argentina
| | - Paula L Accialini
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Placentaria, CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Etcheverry
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Placentaria, CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Nora A Martinez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, IFIBIO-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Red Iberoamericana de Alteraciones Vasculares Asociadas a Trastornos del Embarazo (RIVA-TREM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana G Farina
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Placentaria, CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Red Iberoamericana de Alteraciones Vasculares Asociadas a Trastornos del Embarazo (RIVA-TREM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Signorello MG, Leoncini G. Anandamide Induces Platelet Nitric Oxide Synthase through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Lipids 2018; 53:851-861. [PMID: 30460698 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether adenosine 5' monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by anandamide (AEA) and is involved in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation. We found that AEA stimulates and activates AMPKα through a Ca2+ -dependent/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent pathway as the specific inhibitor of the Ca2+ /Calmodulin kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) STO-609 abolishes the AMPK phosphorylation/activation. The same inhibiting effect is shown in platelets pretreated with LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), or with MK2206, an inhibitor of protein kinase B (AKT), suggesting that AMPK is downstream of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, the AEA-induced eNOS activation and the consequent nitric oxide (NO) and guanosine 3'-5' cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) increase are mediated by the CaMKKβ/AMPKα pathway as STO-609 significantly inhibits these parameters. In contrast, liver kinase B1 (LKB1) seems to be very poorly involved. One crucial effect of NO and cGMP elevation is the activation of protein kinase G that can phosphorylate the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). We have demonstrated that AEA stimulates VASP phosphorylation on both thr278 and ser239 that is strongly inhibited by STO-609, LY294002, and MK2206. Finally, AMPK phosphorylation/activation and VASP phosphorylation are significantly reduced by SR141716, the specific inhibitor of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1). SR144528, an antagonist of type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2), has a less-potent effect, suggesting that the CB1 receptor is overall involved in the AEA effect. In conclusion, we show that the CaMKKβ/AMPKα pathway, downstream of the PI3K/AKT pathway, is activated by AEA in human platelets and leads to increase NO levels producing beneficial effects during ischemic conditions and contributing to extend platelet survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Signorello
- Department of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Lab, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuliana Leoncini
- Department of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Lab, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genoa, Italy
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Signorello MG, Leoncini G. The molecular mechanisms involved in lectin-induced human platelet aggregation. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1335-1346. [PMID: 28779561 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have compared the effect of three legume lectins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA) and Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), on the function of human platelets. We have found that WGA is more active than PHA in stimulating platelet activation/aggregation, while LCA has no effect. Studies on the mechanisms involved show that WGA and PHA induce phosphorylation/activation of PLCγ2 and increase [Ca2+]i. For the first time, it has been shown that Src/Syk pathway, the adapter protein SLP-76 and the exchange protein VAV, participate in the PLCγ2 activation by these lectins. Moreover WGA and PHA stimulate the PI3K/AKT pathway. PI3K, through its product phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate activates Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and contributes to PLCγ2 activation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PLCγ2 activation induced by WGA and PHA is regulated by Src/Syk and by PI3K/BTK pathways through their concerted action.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature suggests that migraineurs, particularly those with aura, have an increased risk for ischemic stroke, but not via enhanced atherosclerosis. The theory that micro-emboli induced ischemia provokes cortical spreading depression (ie, symptomatic aura) in migraineurs but transient ischemic attacks in others highlights a potential role for hypercoagulability as a link between migraine (with aura) and stroke. AIM Our objective is to summarize the literature evaluating the association of migraine with various acquired or inheritable thrombophilic states, including those related to elevated estrogen levels, endothelial activation and dysfunction, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), deficiency of coagulation inhibitors, and presence of certain genetic polymorphisms. FINDINGS Although definitive studies are lacking, a preponderance of available evidence links migraine, and especially aura, to increased levels of estradiol (eg, oral contraceptive pill [OCP] use, pregnancy), thrombo- and erythrocytosis, von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen, fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, and endothelial microparticles. Studies of a link to migraine are conflicting for aPL, homocysteine, Protein S, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism. No association with migraine was found in meta-analyses of Factor V Leiden, and of prothrombin gene mutation. Within a large, young ischemic stroke sample, migraine with aura was associated with a thrombophilic state and with patent foramen ovale (PFO). In the non-stroke population, meta-analyses show an association of PFO and migraine with aura (MA), but two population-based studies do not support the link. RECOMMENDATIONS For persons with MA and (1) a personal history or family history of thrombosis, or (2) MRI evidence of micro-vascular ischemia or of stroke, an evaluation for hypercoagulability is warranted. In cases of MA alone, consider screening for markers of endothelial activation (eg, vWF, high sensitivity c-reactive protein [hs CRP], and fibrinogen). Rigorous management of other stroke risk factors is paramount, but efficacy of anti-thrombotic agents in the treatment of migraine is unproven. Closure of PFO is not routinely recommended based on negative randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen E Tietjen
- Department of Neurology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Stuart A Collins
- Department of Neurology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
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Grambow E, Strüder D, Klar E, Hinz B, Vollmar B. Differential effects of endogenous, phyto and synthetic cannabinoids on thrombogenesis and platelet activity. Biofactors 2016; 42:581-590. [PMID: 27151562 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study analysed the impact of anandamide, cannabidiol (CBD), and WIN55,212-2 on platelet activity and thrombogenesis for the first time. The effects of the cannabinoids on venular thrombosis were studied in the ear of hairless mice. Cannabinoid treatment was performed either once or repetitive by a once-daily administration for three days. To assess the role of cyclooxygenase metabolites in the putative action of anandamide, in vivo studies likewise included a combined administration of anandamide with indomethacin. In vitro, the effect of the cannabinoids on human platelet activation was studied by means of P-selectin expression using flow cytometry. Platelets were analysed under resting or thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP)-stimulated conditions, both after cannabinoid treatment alone and after TRAP stimulation and subsequent cannabinoid exposure. Finally, platelet count was assessed after treatment with high concentrations of anandamide. Anandamide, but not CBD and WIN55,212-2, significantly accelerated thrombus growth after one-time treatment as compared to vehicle control. Co-administration with indomethacin neutralized this effect. However, thrombogenesis was not altered by repeated treatment with the cannabinoids. In vitro, anandamide was shown to elicit a concentration-dependent activation of resting human platelets. However, at higher concentrations anandamide reduced the response to TRAP activation associated with a decrease of platelet count. CBD and WIN55,212-2 neither increased nor reduced activation of platelets. Acute exposure to anandamide elicits a cyclooxygenase-dependent prothrombotic effect in vivo. Anandamide seems to affect human platelet activation by a concentration-dependent toxic effect. By contrast, CBD and WIN55,212-2 were not associated with induction of thrombosis or activation of platelets. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):581-590, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Grambow
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Strüder
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ernst Klar
- Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Gasperi V, Evangelista D, Savini I, Del Principe D, Avigliano L, Maccarrone M, Catani MV. Downstream effects of endocannabinoid on blood cells: implications for health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3235-52. [PMID: 25957591 PMCID: PMC11113859 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs), among which N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are the most biologically active members, are polyunsaturated lipids able to bind cannabinoid, vanilloid and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Depending on the target engaged, these bioactive mediators can regulate different signalling pathways, at both central and peripheral levels. The biological action of eCBs is tightly controlled by a plethora of metabolic enzymes which, together with the molecular targets of these substances, form the so-called "endocannabinoid system". The ability of eCBs to control manifold peripheral functions has received a great deal of attention, especially in the light of their widespread distribution in the body. In particular, eCBs are important regulators in blood, where they modulate haematopoiesis, platelet aggregation and apoptosis, as well as chemokine release and migration of immunocompetent cells. Here, we shall review the current knowledge on the pathophysiological roles of eCBs in blood. We shall also discuss the involvement of eCBs in those disorders affecting the haematological system, including cancer and inflammation. Knowledge gained to date underlines a fundamental role of the eCB system in blood, thus suggesting that it may represent a therapeutic promise for a broad range of diseases involving impaired hematopoietic cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Evangelista
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luciana Avigliano
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Gambaryan S, Tsikas D. A review and discussion of platelet nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase: do blood platelets produce nitric oxide from L-arginine or nitrite? Amino Acids 2015; 47:1779-93. [PMID: 25929585 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG system is one of the most powerful mechanisms responsible for platelet inhibition. In numerous publications, expression of functional NO synthase (NOS) in human and mouse platelets has been reported. Constitutive and inducible NOS isoforms convert L-arginine to NO and L-citrulline. The importance of this pathway in platelets and in endothelial cells for the regulation of platelet function is discussed since decades. However, there are serious doubts in the literature concerning both expression and functionality of NOS in platelets. In this review, we aim to present and critically evaluate recent data concerning NOS expression and function in platelets, and to especially emphasise potential pitfalls of detection of NOS proteins and measurement of NOS activity. Prevailing analytical problems are probably the main sources of contradictory data on occurrence, activity and function of NOS in platelets. In this review we also address issues of how these problems can be resolved. NO donors including organic nitrites (RONO) and organic nitrate (RONO2) are inhibitors of platelet activation. Endogenous inorganic nitrite (NO2 (-)), the product of NO autoxidation, and exogenous inorganic nitrite are increasingly investigated as NO donors in the circulation. The role of platelets in the generation of NO from nitrite is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Prosp, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia,
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11
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Wachowicz B. Blood Platelet as a Peripheral Cell in Oxidative Stress in Psychiatric Disorders. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Zhuang Y, Ren G, Li H, Tian K, Zhang Y, Qiao W, Nie X, Liu Y, Song Y, Zhu C. In vitro properties of apheresis platelet during extended storage in plasma treated with anandamide. Transfus Apher Sci 2014; 51:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Momi S, Caracchini R, Falcinelli E, Evangelista S, Gresele P. Stimulation of platelet nitric oxide production by nebivolol prevents thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:820-9. [PMID: 24558107 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE dl-Nebivolol, a selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, besides its hypotensive activity exerts vasodilatory and platelet inhibitory effects in vitro by a mechanism involving nitric oxide (NO). Our aim was to evaluate whether nebivolol exerts in vivo antithrombotic effects, to unravel the mechanism of this action and to clarify the relative roles of its 2 enantiomers: d- and l-nebivolol. METHODS AND RESULTS In wild-type mice, dl-nebivolol, l-nebivolol, and d-nebivolol, but not bisoprolol, reduced mortality consequent to platelet pulmonary thromboembolism induced by the intravenous injection of collagen plus epinephrine (-44%, -45%, -29%, respectively; P<0.05), whereas in eNOS(-/-) mice only dl-nebivolol and d-nebivolol were effective. dl-Nebivolol, l- and d-nebivolol reduced photochemical damage-induced femoral artery thrombosis in wild-type mice, whereas in eNOS(-/-) mice only dl-nebivolol and d-nebivolol were active. Moreover, dl-nebivolol and l-nebivolol increased plasma, urinary-, and platelet-derived nitrites and nitrates (NOx), NO degradation products, in wild-type but not in eNOS(-/-) mice. In vivo platelet activation, assessed by platelet P-selectin expression, was reduced by dl-nebivolol and l- and d-nebivolol in wild-type mice but only by dl-nebivolol and d-nebivolol in eNOS(-/-) mice. In bone marrow-transplanted, chimeric mice with only blood cells, and not the endothelium, producing NO dl-nebivolol and l-nebivolol maintained their antithrombotic activity, whereas they lose it in chimeras with only endothelium, and not blood cells, producing NO. In vitro, with isolated platelets, dl-nebivolol and l-nebivolol, but not d-nebivolol and bisoprolol, increased platelet cGMP and NOx formation. Treatment with dl-nebivolol and l-nebivolol increased phophorylated eNOS in platelets. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that dl-nebivolol exerts an antithrombotic activity by stimulating the formation of NO by platelets, and that this effect is generated by its l-enantiomer, whereas the d-enantiomer exerts a weak antiplatelet effect because of β-adrenergic receptor-independent stimulation of adenyly cyclase. These results confirm that platelet-derived NO plays a role in thrombosis prevention and it may represent a target of pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Momi
- From the Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (S.M., R.C., E.F., P.G.); and Department of Preclinical Development, Menarini Group, Firenze, Italy (S.E.)
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Stanley CP, Wheal AJ, Randall MD, O'Sullivan SE. Cannabinoids alter endothelial function in the Zucker rat model of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 720:376-82. [PMID: 24120371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating levels of anandamide are increased in diabetes, and cannabidiol ameliorates a number of pathologies associated with diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine how exposure to anandamide or cannabidiol might affect endothelial dysfunction associated with Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. Age-matched Zucker Diabetic Fatty and Zucker lean rats were killed by cervical dislocation and their arteries mounted on a myograph at 37 °C. Arteries were incubated for 2h with anandamide, cannabidiol or vehicle, contracted, and cumulative concentration-response curves to acetylcholine were constructed. Anandamide (10 µM, 2h) significantly improved the vasorelaxant responses to acetylcholine in aortae and femoral arteries from Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats but not Zucker lean rats. By contrast, anandamide (1 µM, 2h) significantly blunted acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in third-order mesenteric arteries (G3) from Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. Cannabidiol incubation (10 µM, 2h) improved acetylcholine responses in the arteries of Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats (aorta and femoral) and Zucker lean (aorta, femoral and G3 mesenteric), and this effect was greater in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty rat. These studies suggest that increased circulating endocannabinoids may alter vascular function both positively and negatively in type 2 diabetes, and that part of the beneficial effect of cannabidiol in diabetes may be due to improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Stanley
- Division of Vascular Medicine, School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK.
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15
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Li Q, Shi M, Li B. Anandamide enhances expression of heat shock protein 72 to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart. J Physiol Sci 2013; 63:47-53. [PMID: 23007622 PMCID: PMC10717508 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-012-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide (AEA), one of endocannabinoids, has been reported to exhibit a cardioprotective ability to limit the damage produced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. AEA reportedly enhanced heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and HSP25 expression in lungs to protect against lung inflammation. This study tested the hypothesis that intravenously injected AEA would induce HSP72 in the heart and thus render cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Cardiac expression of HSPs was quantitatively evaluated in rats by Western blot analysis. That intravenously injected AEA 1 mg/kg in vivo induced expression of HSP72, which peaked at 24 h after administration. The enhancement of HSP72 by AEA was blocked by cannabinoid 2 (CB(2)) receptor antagonist AM630, but not cannabinoid 1 (CB(1)) receptor antagonist AM251. Therefore, the rats were induced with a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by a 120-min reperfusion in vivo at 24 h after administration of drugs or vehicle, and then the infarct size was measured. AEA reduced myocardial infarct size compared to control group. Pretreatment with AM630 but not AM251 abolished the infarct size-limiting effect of AEA. Further study demonstrated pretreatment with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin, Akt inhibitor MK-2206 and AM630 attenuated phosphorylation of Akt and AEA-induced HSP72 expression. The results suggest that AEA is cardioprotective against ischemia-reperfusion insult through its induction of HSP72, which might be mediated by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These effects were mediated by CB(2) but not CB(1) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
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Nunn A, Guy G, Bell JD. Endocannabinoids in neuroendopsychology: multiphasic control of mitochondrial function. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:3342-52. [PMID: 23108551 PMCID: PMC3481535 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a construct based on the discovery of receptors that are modulated by the plant compound tetrahydrocannabinol and the subsequent identification of a family of nascent ligands, the 'endocannabinoids'. The function of the ECS is thus defined by modulation of these receptors-in particular, by two of the best-described ligands (2-arachidonyl glycerol and anandamide), and by their metabolic pathways. Endocannabinoids are released by cell stress, and promote both cell survival and death according to concentration. The ECS appears to shift the immune system towards a type 2 response, while maintaining a positive energy balance and reducing anxiety. It may therefore be important in resolution of injury and inflammation. Data suggest that the ECS could potentially modulate mitochondrial function by several different pathways; this may help explain its actions in the central nervous system. Dose-related control of mitochondrial function could therefore provide an insight into its role in health and disease, and why it might have its own pathology, and possibly, new therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Nunn
- Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Osycka-Salut C, Gervasi MG, Pereyra E, Cella M, Ribeiro ML, Franchi AM, Perez-Martinez S. Anandamide induces sperm release from oviductal epithelia through nitric oxide pathway in bovines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30671. [PMID: 22363468 PMCID: PMC3281848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa are not able to fertilize an egg immediately upon ejaculation. They acquire this ability during their transit through the female genital tract in a process known as capacitation. The mammalian oviduct acts as a functional sperm reservoir providing a suitable environment that allows the maintenance of sperm fertilization competence until ovulation occurs. After ovulation, spermatozoa are gradually released from the oviductal reservoir in the caudal isthmus and ascend to the site of fertilization. Capacitating-related changes in sperm plasma membrane seem to be responsible for sperm release from oviductal epithelium. Anandamide is a lipid mediator that participates in the regulation of several female and male reproductive functions. Previously we have demonstrated that anandamide was capable to release spermatozoa from oviductal epithelia by induction of sperm capacitation in bovines. In the present work we studied whether anandamide might exert its effect by activating the nitric oxide (NO) pathway since this molecule has been described as a capacitating agent in spermatozoa from different species. First, we demonstrated that 1 µM NOC-18, a NO donor, and 10 mM L-Arginine, NO synthase substrate, induced the release of spermatozoa from the oviductal epithelia. Then, we observed that the anandamide effect on sperm oviduct interaction was reversed by the addition of 1 µM L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor, or 30 µg/ml Hemoglobin, a NO scavenger. We also demonstrated that the induction of bull sperm capacitation by nanomolar concentrations of R(+)-methanandamide or anandamide was inhibited by adding L-NAME or Hemoglobin. To study whether anandamide is able to produce NO, we measured this compound in both sperm and oviductal cells. We observed that anandamide increased the levels of NO in spermatozoa, but not in oviductal cells. These findings suggest that anandamide regulates the sperm release from oviductal epithelia probably by activating the NO pathway during sperm capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Osycka-Salut
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gracia Gervasi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elba Pereyra
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Cella
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Ribeiro
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Franchi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Perez-Martinez
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Taguchi K, Matsumoto T, Kamata K, Kobayashi T. Akt/eNOS pathway activation in endothelium-dependent relaxation is preserved in aortas from female, but not from male, type 2 diabetic mice. Pharmacol Res 2011; 65:56-65. [PMID: 21933713 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular problems are major causes of morbidity and mortality, the main problems being coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis, in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, female gender is a protective factor in the development of, for example, atherosclerosis and hypertension. Our aim was to investigate possible gender differences in the activation of Akt/eNOS signaling in aortas from a mouse type 2 diabetic model. Nonfasting plasma glucose was significantly above control in the diabetic mice (both males and females). Plasma insulin was not different between the age-matched controls and the diabetic mice (of either gender). In diabetic males (vs male controls and/or diabetic females): (a) systemic blood pressure was elevated, (b) the clonidine- and insulin-induced Akt-dependent aortic relaxations were impaired, but the ACh-induced Akt-independent and SNP-induced endothelium-independent aortic relaxations were not, (c) Akt and eNOS expression levels were lower, (d) both Akt phosphorylation at Ser(473) and eNOS phosphorylation at Ser(1177) in the aorta were lower under clonidine- or insulin-stimulation, but not under ACh-stimulation. These results suggest that in mice: (i) endothelial functions mediated via the Akt/eNOS pathway are abrogated in type 2 diabetes only in males and (ii) in females (vs males), eNOS expression is elevated and the endothelium resists dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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