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IER2-induced senescence drives melanoma invasion through osteopontin. Oncogene 2021; 40:6494-6512. [PMID: 34611309 PMCID: PMC8616759 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the immediate-early response gene IER2 has been associated with the progression of several types of cancer, but its functional role is poorly understood. We found that increased IER2 expression in human melanoma is associated with shorter overall survival, and subsequently investigated the mechanisms through which IER2 exerts this effect. In experimental melanoma models, sustained expression of IER2 induced senescence in a subset of melanoma cells in a p53/MAPK/AKT-dependent manner. The senescent cells produced a characteristic secretome that included high levels of the extracellular phosphoglycoprotein osteopontin. Nuclear localization of the IER2 protein was critical for both the induction of senescence and osteopontin secretion. Osteopontin secreted by IER2-expressing senescent cells strongly stimulated the migration and invasion of non-senescent melanoma cells. Consistently, we observed coordinate expression of IER2, p53/p21, and osteopontin in primary human melanomas and metastases, highlighting the pathophysiological relevance of IER2-mediated senescence in melanoma progression. Together, our study reveals that sustained IER2 expression drives melanoma invasion and progression through stimulating osteopontin secretion via the stochastic induction of senescence.
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The immediate early gene Ier2 promotes tumor cell motility and metastasis, and predicts poor survival of colorectal cancer patients. Oncogene 2011; 31:3796-806. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Schories B, Janz M, Dörken B, Bommert K. Downregulation of genes involved in DNA repair and differential expression of transcription regulators and phosphatases precede IgM-induced apoptosis in the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line BL60-2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 1676:83-95. [PMID: 14732493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2003.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of lymphocytes recognizing self-antigens is an essential mechanism to protect the organism against autoimmune diseases. Programmed cell death of susceptible B cells occurs in response to surface IgM cross-linking mediated by self-antigens. This effect can be mimicked in the Burkitt's lymphoma line BL60-2 by addition of anti-IgM antibodies. In order to identify genes with differential expression in response to the apoptotic stimulus, total RNA prepared from BL60-2 cells before and at different points in time after IgM cross-linking was used for Atlas arrays, high-density oligonucleotide microarrays (GeneChip arrays, Affymetrix) and in RNase protection assays (RPA). One of our major observations was the downregulation of six genes involved in the ligation of DNA strand breaks, like DNA ligases and DNA-PK, indicating a shutdown of DNA repair mechanisms in apoptotic cells. In addition, we found changes on mRNA level for several transcription regulators, including early growth response genes 1 and 2, TAFII30 and topoisomerase I. Furthermore, we show accumulation of mRNA for the phosphatases CD45 and DUSP5 in anti-IgM stimulated BL60-2 cells. Our data provide a basis for further analysis of the differentially expressed genes and their roles in IgM-induced B cell death as well as in apoptosis in other cellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schories
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, D-13122 Berlin, Germany
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Chen L, Ma S, Li B, Fink T, Zachar V, Takahashi M, Cuttichia J, Tsui LC, Ebbesen P, Liu X. Transcriptional activation of immediate-early gene ETR101 by human T-cell leukaemia virus type I Tax. J Gen Virol 2004; 84:3203-3214. [PMID: 14645902 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax regulates viral and cellular gene expression through interactions with multiple cellular transcription pathways. This study describes the finding of immediate-early gene ETR101 expression in HTLV-I-infected cells and its regulation by Tax. ETR101 was persistently expressed in HTLV-I-infected cells but not in HTLV-I uninfected cells. Expression of ETR101 was dependent upon Tax expression in the inducible Tax-expressing cell line JPX-9 and also in Jurkat cells transiently transfected with Tax-expressing vectors. Tax transactivated the ETR101 gene promoter in a transient transfection assay. A series of deletion and mutation analyses of the ETR101 gene promoter indicated that a 35 bp region immediately upstream of the TATA-box sequence, which contains a consensus cAMP response element (CRE) and a G+C-rich sequence, is the critical responsive element for Tax activation. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis of the 35 bp region suggested that both the consensus CRE motif and its upstream G+C-rich sequence were critical for Tax transactivation. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) using the 35 bp sequence as probe showed the formation of a specific protein-DNA complex in HTLV-I-infected cell lines. EMSA with specific antibodies confirmed that the CREB transcription factor was responsible for formation of this specific protein-DNA complex. These results suggested that Tax directly transactivated ETR101 gene expression, mainly through a CRE sequence via the CREB transcription pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Shiliang Ma
- Department of Virus and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bo Li
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Trine Fink
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Zachar
- Department of Virus and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mark Takahashi
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
| | - Jamie Cuttichia
- Program of Genetics and Genomic Biology, Center for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Lap-Chee Tsui
- Program of Genetics and Genomic Biology, Center for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Peter Ebbesen
- Department of Virus and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Program of Genetics and Genomic Biology, Center for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
- Department of Virus and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Chapman MA, Charchar FJ, Kinston S, Bird CP, Grafham D, Rogers J, Grützner F, Graves JAM, Green AR, Göttgens B. Comparative and functional analyses of LYL1 loci establish marsupial sequences as a model for phylogenetic footprinting. Genomics 2003; 81:249-59. [PMID: 12659809 DOI: 10.1016/s0888-7543(03)00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Comparative genomic sequence analysis is a powerful technique for identifying regulatory regions in genomic DNA. However, its utility largely depends on the evolutionary distances between the species involved. Here we describe the screening of a genomic BAC library from the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura, formerly known as the narrow-footed marsupial mouse. We isolated a clone containing the LYL1 locus, completely sequenced the 60.6-kb insert, and compared it with orthologous human and mouse sequences. Noncoding homology was substantially reduced in the human/dunnart analysis compared with human/mouse, yet we could readily identify all promoters and exons. Human/mouse/dunnart alignments of the LYL1 candidate promoter allowed us to identify putative transcription factor binding sites, revealing a pattern highly reminiscent of critical regulatory regions of the LYL1 paralogue, SCL. This newly identified LYL1 promoter showed strong activity in myeloid progenitor cells and was bound in vivo by Fli1, Elf1, and Gata2-transcription factors all previously shown to bind to the SCL stem cell enhancer. This study represents the first large-scale comparative analysis involving marsupial genomic sequence and demonstrates that such comparisons provide a powerful approach to characterizing mammalian regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Chapman
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge University, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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Sherrington PD, Scott JL, Jin B, Simmons D, Dorahy DJ, Lloyd J, Brien JH, Aebersold RH, Adamson J, Zuzel M, Burns GF. TLiSA1 (PTA1) activation antigen implicated in T cell differentiation and platelet activation is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily exhibiting distinctive regulation of expression. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:21735-44. [PMID: 9268302 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.35.21735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T lineage-specific activation antigen 1 (TLiSA1) antigen was initially described as a T lineage-specific activation antigen involved in the differentiation of human cytotoxic T cells. Subsequently, the antigen was identified on platelets and was shown to be involved in platelet activation, hence it was renamed platelet and T cell antigen 1 (PTA1), although identity between the two antigens was not established. In the present study we have cloned the cDNA encoding TLiSA1 from Jurkat cells and show it to be a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with the unusual structure of two V domains only. Identity between TLiSA1 and platelet PTA1 is established by immunological criteria, by internal peptide sequences obtained from the purified platelet glycoprotein and by sequencing the platelet transcript after reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In Jurkat cells, TLiSA1/PTA1 mRNA and surface protein expression is greatly stimulated by treatment of the cells with phorbol ester, but the T cell proliferative signal of phorbol ester and ionophore combined greatly reduces or abrogates this response, and this suppressive effect of the ionophore is not reversed by incorporating FK506 to inhibit calcineurin. Together with the known signaling role of PTA1, these data substantiate the notion that this molecule is implicated in T cell differentiation, perhaps by engagement of an adhesive ligand.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Base Sequence
- COS Cells
- Cell Differentiation
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Ionophores/pharmacology
- Jurkat Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Platelet Activation
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tacrolimus/pharmacology
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Sherrington
- Department of Haematology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
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