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Liu W, Han J, Yang Q, Xia L, Chen C, Song J, Cai Y. Knockdown of ARHGAP24 reduces intimal hyperplasia through inhibiting the proliferation and phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells possibly by inactivating both AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101591. [PMID: 38074998 PMCID: PMC10698571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia is one of the common pathophysiological foundations of vascular remodeling including restenosis and atherosclerosis. The Rho GTPase activating protein 24 (ARHGAP24) has been reported as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the role of ARHGAP24 in intimal hyperplasia is unclear. Interestingly, our results showed that ARHGAP24 was significantly up-regulated in dedifferentiated VSMC in vitro and vivo, which suggested that ARHGAP24 could promote VSMC dedifferentiation and proliferation. Knockdown of ARHGAP24 effectively inhibited VSMC dedifferentiation and proliferation in the absence and present of PDGF-BB, which might inactivate both ATK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Moreover, AAV9-mediated silencing of Arhgap24 also alleviates VSMC dedifferentiation and proliferation in the wire-injured mouse femoral arteries, contributing to reducing neointima formation. AAV9-mediated overexpression of Arhgap24 exacerbates intimal hyperplasia. We demonstrate that decreased ARHGAP24 expression restrained VSMC proliferation and dedifferentiation possibly by inactivating both AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, which may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases associated with intimal hyperplasia including restenosis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Han
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luoxing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Wu W, Hendrix A, Nair S, Cui T. Nrf2-Mediated Dichotomy in the Vascular System: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Perspective. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193042. [PMID: 36231004 PMCID: PMC9563590 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, controls the expression of more than 1000 genes that can be clustered into different categories with distinct functions ranging from redox balance and metabolism to protein quality control in the cell. The biological consequence of Nrf2 activation can be either protective or detrimental in a context-dependent manner. In the cardiovascular system, most studies have focused on the protective properties of Nrf2, mainly as a key transcription factor of antioxidant defense. However, emerging evidence revealed an unexpected role of Nrf2 in mediating cardiovascular maladaptive remodeling and dysfunction in certain disease settings. Herein we review the role of Nrf2 in cardiovascular diseases with a focus on vascular disease. We discuss the negative effect of Nrf2 on the vasculature as well as the potential underlying mechanisms. We also discuss the clinical relevance of targeting Nrf2 pathways for the treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Andrew Hendrix
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Sharad Nair
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Columbia VA Health System, Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Columbia VA Health System, Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-803-216-3804
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Malik T, Sharma R, Panesar PS, Gehlot R, Tokusoglu O, Dhull SB, Vural H, Singh A. Nutmeg nutraceutical constituents: In vitro and in vivo pharmacological potential. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Malik
- Centre of Food Science and Technology CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar India
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
| | | | - Rakesh Gehlot
- Centre of Food Science and Technology CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar India
| | - Ozlem Tokusoglu
- Engineering Faculty Department of Food Engineering Celal Bayar University Manisa Turkey
| | - Sanju Bala Dhull
- Department of Food Science and Technology Chaudhary Devi Lal University Sirsa India
| | - Halil Vural
- Engineering Faculty Department of Food Engineering Hacettepe UniversityBeytepe Campus Ankara Turkey
| | - Ajay Singh
- Department of Food Technology Mata Gujri College Fatehgarh Sahib India
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Hahn D, Shin SH, Bae JS. Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Foodstuff or Medicinal Herbs Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1191. [PMID: 33260980 PMCID: PMC7761319 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes heme group degradation. Decreased level of HO-1 is correlated with disease progression, and HO-1 induction suppresses development of metabolic and neurological disorders. Natural compounds with antioxidant activities have emerged as a rich source of HO-1 inducers with marginal toxicity. Here we discuss the therapeutic role of HO-1 in obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease and hepatic fibrosis, and present important signaling pathway components that lead to HO-1 expression. We provide an updated, comprehensive list of natural HO-1 inducers in foodstuff and medicinal herbs categorized by their chemical structures. Based on the continued research in HO-1 signaling pathways and rapid development of their natural inducers, HO-1 may serve as a preventive and therapeutic target for metabolic and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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5
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El-Alfy AT, Abourashed EA, Patel C, Mazhari N, An H, Jeon A. Phenolic compounds from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) inhibit the endocannabinoid-modulating enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1879-1889. [PMID: 31595522 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to identify nutmeg compounds that indirectly interact with the endocannabinoid system through inhibition of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) enzymes. METHODS Thirteen compounds were screened for FAAH and MAGL inhibition. Compounds demonstrating significant FAAH inhibition were evaluated to determine the halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ). The most potent compound was investigated in the elevated plus maze (EPM) rodent anxiety model. KEY FINDINGS Three compounds, licarin A (9), 5'-methoxylicarin A (8) and malabaricone C (6) were most active in inhibiting FAAH with IC50 of 7.02 μm ± 2.02, 4.57 μm ± 0.66 and 38.29 μm ± 6.18, respectively. None of the purified compounds showed significant MAGL inhibition. Because of its relative high potency and selectivity, compound 8 was further evaluated in the EPM animal model of anxiety. The compound showed significant increase in number of open arm entries (P < 0.05) when administered at 120 mg/kg dose. No effect was observed on the locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS Results collected introduce active nutmeg compounds as potential leads for further development. Of the three compounds, 8 possesses highest potency and FAAH selectivity as well as anxiolytic activity. Furthermore, in vivo testing in appropriate behavioural animal paradigms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir T El-Alfy
- School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ehab A Abourashed
- School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christina Patel
- College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - HeaRe An
- College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression and inhibition of disease-associated features by cannabidiol in vascular smooth muscle cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34595-34616. [PMID: 30349652 PMCID: PMC6195385 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) have been closely linked to the development and progression of cardiovascular and cancer diseases. The cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to mediate anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects in VSMC. This study investigates the effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, on HO-1 expression and disease-associated functions of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMC). HO-1 protein and mRNA were significantly increased by CBD in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Although the expression of several cannabinoid-activated receptors (CB1, CB2, G protein-coupled receptor 55, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) was verified in HUASMC, CBD was shown to induce HO-1 via none of these targets. Instead, the CBD-mediated increase in HO-1 protein was reversed by the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine, indicating the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling; this was confirmed by flow cytometry-based ROS detection. CBD-induced HO-1 expression was accompanied by inhibition of growth factor-mediated proliferation and migration of HUASMC. However, neither inhibition of HO-1 activity nor knockdown of HO-1 protein attenuated CBD-mediated anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects. Indeed, inhibition or depletion of HO-1 resulted in induction of apoptosis and intensified CBD-mediated effects on proliferation and migration. Collectively, this work provides the first indication of CBD-mediated enhancement of HO-1 in VSMC and potential protective effects against aberrant VSMC proliferation and migration. On the other hand, our data argue against a role of HO-1 in CBD-mediated inhibition of proliferation and migration while substantiating its anti-apoptotic role in oxidative stress-mediated cell fate.
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7
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Uhrin P, Wang D, Mocan A, Waltenberger B, Breuss JM, Tewari D, Mihaly-Bison J, Huminiecki Ł, Starzyński RR, Tzvetkov NT, Horbańczuk J, Atanasov AG. Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as a therapeutic target. Part 2: Natural products inhibiting proliferation. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1608-1621. [PMID: 29678389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many natural products have been so far tested regarding their potency to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, a process involved in atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension and restenosis. Compounds studied in vitro and in vivo as VSMC proliferation inhibitors include, for example indirubin-3'-monoxime, resveratrol, hyperoside, plumericin, pelargonidin, zerumbone and apamin. Moreover, taxol and rapamycin, the most prominent compounds applied in drug-eluting stents to counteract restenosis, are natural products. Numerous studies show that natural products have proven to yield effective inhibitors of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and ongoing research effort might result in the discovery of further clinically relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Magdalenka 05552, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Victor Babeş 8, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania; ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Johannes M Breuss
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
| | - Judit Mihaly-Bison
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Łukasz Huminiecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Magdalenka 05552, Poland
| | - Rafał R Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Magdalenka 05552, Poland
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn 53121, Germany; NTZ Lab Ltd., Krasno Selo 198, Sofia 1618, Bulgaria
| | - Jarosław Horbańczuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Magdalenka 05552, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Magdalenka 05552, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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8
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Kundu K, Nayak SK. Total Syntheses of Malabaricones B and C via a Cross-Metathesis Strategy. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1776-1782. [PMID: 28581739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The malabaricones A-D belong to the class of diarylnonanoids isolated from the Myristicaceae family of plants. Although malabaricone C displayed various interesting biological activities, its isolation remains tedious due to its close chemical similarity to malabaricones A, B, and D. Therefore, development of an efficient synthesis route has become essential to cater to the need of large amounts of malabaricone C for its pharmacological profiling. So far there is only one report of the synthesis of malabaricone C through a lengthy sequence of reactions. We have developed an efficient and short route for the syntheses of malabaricones B and C, which will also provide a convenient access to all other members of the malabaricone family. Synthesis of an important building block, ω-aryl heptyl bromide, employed in the synthesis was realized by adopting a cross-metathesis reaction as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Kundu
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sandip K Nayak
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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9
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Abourashed EA, El-Alfy AT. Chemical diversity and pharmacological significance of the secondary metabolites of nutmeg ( Myristica fragrans Houtt.). PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2016; 15:1035-1056. [PMID: 28082856 PMCID: PMC5222521 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-016-9469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutmeg is a valued kitchen spice that has been used for centuries all over the world. In addition to its use in flavoring foods and beverages, nutmeg has been used in traditional remedies for stomach and kidney disorders. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and central nervous system effects of nutmeg have also been reported in literature. Nutmeg is a rich source of fixed and essential oil, triterpenes, and various types of phenolic compounds. Many of the secondary metabolites of nutmeg exhibit biological activities that may support its use in traditional medicine. This article provides an overview of the chemistry of secondary metabolites isolated from nutmeg kernel and mace including common methods for analysis of extracts and pure compounds as well as recent approaches towards total synthesis of some of the major constituents. A summary of the most significant pharmacological investigations of potential drug leads isolated from nutmeg and reported in the last decade is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A. Abourashed
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 773-821-2159; Fax: 773-821-2595;
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10
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Abstract
Heme oxygenases are composed of two isozymes, Hmox1 and Hmox2, that catalyze the degradation of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin, the latter of which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. While initially considered to be waste products, CO and biliverdin/bilirubin have been shown over the last 20 years to modulate key cellular processes, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as antioxidant defense. This shift in paradigm has led to the importance of heme oxygenases and their products in cell physiology now being well accepted. The identification of the two human cases thus far of heme oxygenase deficiency and the generation of mice deficient in Hmox1 or Hmox2 have reiterated a role for these enzymes in both normal cell function and disease pathogenesis, especially in the context of cardiovascular disease. This review covers the current knowledge on the function of both Hmox1 and Hmox2 at both a cellular and tissue level in the cardiovascular system. Initially, the roles of heme oxygenases in vascular health and the regulation of processes central to vascular diseases are outlined, followed by an evaluation of the role(s) of Hmox1 and Hmox2 in various diseases such as atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, myocardial infarction, and angiogenesis. Finally, the therapeutic potential of heme oxygenases and their products are examined in a cardiovascular disease context, with a focus on how the knowledge we have gained on these enzymes may be capitalized in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Kärkkäinen V, Pomeshchik Y, Savchenko E, Dhungana H, Kurronen A, Lehtonen S, Naumenko N, Tavi P, Levonen AL, Yamamoto M, Malm T, Magga J, Kanninen KM, Koistinaho J. Nrf2 regulates neurogenesis and protects neural progenitor cells against Aβ toxicity. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1904-16. [PMID: 24753106 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) proliferate and produce new neurons in neurogenic areas throughout the lifetime. While these cells represent potential therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, regulation of neurogenesis is not completely understood. We show that deficiency of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a transcription factor induced in response to oxidative stress, prevents the ischemia-induced increase in newborn neurons in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Consistent with this finding, the growth of NPC neurospheres was increased by lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Nrf2 gene or by treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an Nrf2 activating compound. Also, neuronal differentiation of NPCs was increased by Nrf2 overexpression or PDTC treatment but reduced by Nrf2 deficiency. To investigate the impact of Nrf2 on NPCs in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we treated NPCs with amyloid beta (Aβ), a toxic peptide associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive abnormalities in AD. We found that Aβ1-42-induced toxicity and reduction in neurosphere proliferation were prevented by Nrf2 overexpression, while Nrf2 deficiency enhanced the Aβ1-42-induced reduction of neuronal differentiation. On the other hand, Aβ1-40 had no effect on neurosphere proliferation in wt NPCs but increased the proliferation of Nrf2 overexpressing neurospheres and reduced it in Nrf2-deficient neurospheres. These results suggest that Nrf2 is essential for neuronal differentiation of NPCs, regulates injury-induced neurogenesis and provides protection against Aβ-induced NPC toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virve Kärkkäinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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12
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Choo YY, Lee S, Nguyen PH, Lee W, Woo MH, Min BS, Lee JH. Caffeoylglycolic acid methyl ester, a major constituent of sorghum, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity via the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13847c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeoylglycolic acid methyl ester, a major constituent of sorghum, exhibits anti-inflammatory activityviaactivating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Yeon Choo
- Department of Biochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Phi-Hung Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy
- Catholic University of Daegu
- Hayang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Wanju Lee
- Department of Biochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy
- Catholic University of Daegu
- Hayang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy
- Catholic University of Daegu
- Hayang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Republic of Korea
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13
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Kim JH, Choo YY, Tae N, Min BS, Lee JH. The anti-inflammatory effect of 3-deoxysappanchalcone is mediated by inducing heme oxygenase-1 via activating the AKT/mTOR pathway in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:420-6. [PMID: 25091623 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
3-Deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC), isolated from Caesalpinia sappan (Leguminosae), is a chalcone that exerts a variety of pharmacological activities. In the present study, we demonstrated that 3-DSC exerts anti-inflammatory activity in murine macrophages by inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression at the translational level. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with 3-DSC induced HO-1 protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner without affecting HO-1 mRNA expression. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors or actinomycin D, a transcriptional inhibitor, did not block 3-DSC-mediated HO-1 induction. However, 3-DSC-mediated HO-1 induction was completely blocked by treatment with cycloheximide, a translational inhibitor, or rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Strikingly, 3-DSC increased the phosphorylation level of mTOR downstream target molecules such as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), as well as AKT in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting that the 3-DSC induces HO-1 expression by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway. Consistent with the notion that HO-1 has anti-inflammatory properties, 3-DSC inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of HO-1 activity by treatment with tin protoporphyrin IX, a specific HO-1 inhibitor, abrogated the inhibitory effects of 3-DSC on the production of NO and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, 3-DSC may be an effective HO-1 inducer at the translational level that has anti-inflammatory effects, and a valuable compound for modulating inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Yeon Choo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Tae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 712-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Kweider N, Huppertz B, Kadyrov M, Rath W, Pufe T, Wruck CJ. A possible protective role of Nrf2 in preeclampsia. Ann Anat 2014; 196:268-77. [PMID: 24954650 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Excess release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major cause of oxidative stress. This disturbance has been implicated as a cause of preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Increased oxidative stress leads to trophoblast apoptosis/necrosis and alters the balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, resulting in generalized maternal endothelial dysfunction. Trials using antioxidants have significantly failed to improve the condition of, or in any way protect, the mother from the life-threatening complications of this syndrome. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a potent transcription activator that regulates the expression of a multitude of genes that encode detoxification enzymes and anti-oxidative proteins. Recent discussion on evidence of a link between Nrf2 and vascular angiogenic balance has focussed on the downstream target protein, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 metabolizes heme to biliverdin, iron and carbon monoxide (CO). HO-1/CO protects against hypertensive cardiovascular disease and contributes to the sustained health of the vascular system. In one animal model, sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1) has induced blood pressure elevation, but the induction of HO-1 attenuated the hypertensive response in the pregnant animals. The special conditions under which Nrf2 participates in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia are still unclear, as is whether Nrf2 attenuates or stimulates the processes involved in this syndrome. In this review, we summarize recent theories about how Nrf2 is involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and present the reasons for considering Nrf2 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Kweider
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/7, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mamed Kadyrov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; MEDIAN Kliniken, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
| | - Werner Rath
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the RWTH, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Kim N, Hwangbo C, Lee S, Lee JH. Eupatolide inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation and migration of aortic smooth muscle cells through ROS-dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1700-7. [PMID: 23297002 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Here, we investigated the effects of eupatolide (EuTL), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the medicinal plant Inula britannica, on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation and migration of primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs), as well as its underlying mechanisms. EuTL remarkably inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation and migration of RASMCs. Treatment of RASMCs with EuTL induced both protein and mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor), SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor), U0126 (a MEK inhibitor) and LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) did not suppress EuTL-induced HO-1 expression; however, N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an antioxidant) blocked EuTL-induced HO-1 expression. Moreover, treatment of RASMCs with EuTL increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); however, this translocation was also inhibited by NAC. NAC or inhibition of HO-1 significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of EuTL on PDGF-induced proliferation and migration of RASMCs. Taken together, these findings suggest that EuTL could suppress PDGF-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs through HO-1 induction via ROS-Nrf2 pathway and may be a potential HO-1 inducer for preventing or treating vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Malabaricone C suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses via inhibiting ROS-mediated Akt/IKK/NF-κB signaling in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:302-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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