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Vilas A, Briso-Montiano Á, Segovia-Falquina C, Martín-Martínez A, Soriano-Sexto A, Gallego D, Ruiz-Montés V, Gámez A, Pérez B. HepG2 PMM2-CDG knockout model: A versatile platform for variant and therapeutic evaluation. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 143:108538. [PMID: 39096554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (PMM2-CDG), the most frequent congenital disorder of glycosylation, is an autosomal recessive disease caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the PMM2 gene. There is no cure for this multisystemic syndrome. Some of the therapeutic approaches that are currently in development include mannose-1-phosphate replacement therapy, drug repurposing, and the use of small chemical molecules to correct folding defects. Preclinical models are needed to evaluate the efficacy of treatments to overcome the high lethality of the available animal model. In addition, the number of variants with unknown significance is increasing in clinical settings. This study presents the generation of a cellular disease model by knocking out the PMM2 gene in the hepatoma HepG2 cell line using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. The HepG2 knockout model accurately replicates the PMM2-CDG phenotype, exhibiting a complete absence of PMM2 protein and mRNA, a 90% decrease in PMM enzymatic activity, and altered ICAM-1, LAMP1 and A1AT glycoprotein patterns. The evaluation of PMM2 disease-causing variants validates the model's utility for studying new PMM2 clinical variants, providing insights for diagnosis and potentially for evaluating therapies. A CRISPR-Cas9-generated HepG2 knockout model accurately recapitulates the PMM2-CDG phenotype, providing a valuable tool for assessing disease-causing variants and advancing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Vilas
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; U746 - CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Briso-Montiano
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; U746 - CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Segovia-Falquina
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; U746 - CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Martín-Martínez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; U746 - CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Soriano-Sexto
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; U746 - CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Gallego
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; U746 - CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vera Ruiz-Montés
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; U746 - CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Gámez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; U746 - CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; U746 - CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
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Ahmed S, Akbar F, DeBerardinis RJ, Ni M, Afroze B. Evaluation of the clinical, biochemical, and genetic presentation of neonatal and adult-onset 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency in patients from Pakistan. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:761-771. [PMID: 37440674 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the biochemical, clinical and molecular characteristics of 5,10- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency in Pakistani patients from a single center. METHODS Medical charts, urine organic acid chromatograms, plasma methionine and Hcys levels, and molecular testing results of MTHFR gene of patients presenting at the Biochemical Genetics Clinic, AKUH from 2016 to 2022 were reviewed. RESULTS Neonatal MTHFR deficiency was found in five patients. The median (IQR) age of symptom onset and diagnosis were 18 (8.5-22) and 26 (16.5-31) days. The median lag between symptom onset and diagnosis was 8 (4.5-12.5) days. The median age of treatment initiation and duration of treatment were 26 (16.5-49) and 32 (25.5-54) days. The most common clinical features were lethargy, poor feeding, and seizures. The MTHFR gene sequencing revealed homozygous variants p.K510K, p.R567*, and p.R157W. Renal insufficiency manifesting as elevated serum creatinine and responding to betaine therapy was noted in one patient. This has not been previously reported in neonatal MTHFR deficiency and may reflect engagement of alternate pathways of remethylation. Adult onset MTHFR deficiency was found in six patients, with a heterogeneous neurological presentation. The median lag between symptoms onset and diagnosis was 7 (3-11) years. MTHFR gene sequencing revealed homozygous variant p.A195V in five patients from one family and p.G261V in the other. Two of the five reported variants are novel that include p.R157W and p.G261V. CONCLUSIONS Eleven patients of this rare disorder from a single center indicate the need for clinical awareness and appropriate biochemical evaluation to ensure optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibtain Ahmed
- Section of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fizza Akbar
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Ni
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bushra Afroze
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Kiessling E, Peters F, Ebner LJ, Merolla L, Samardzija M, Baumgartner MR, Grimm C, Froese DS. HIF1 and DROSHA are involved in MMACHC repression in hypoxia. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liao S, Guo S, Ma R, He J, Yan Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Cao B, Guo H. Association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and H-type hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hum Genet 2022; 86:278-289. [PMID: 35394066 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T has been linked to H-type hypertension. But the conclusion remained controversial. To elucidate this issue, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to analyze the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and H-type hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS The English and Chinese databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies until November 2020. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used for meta-analysis. The odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the relationship between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and H-type hypertension. RESULTS A total of 14 studies involving 1769 cases and 1443 controls were included. The meta-analysis results showed the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and H-type hypertension with the homozygous codominant model (OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.94-5.60), heterozygous codominant model (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.53-3.58), dominant model (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.33-2.41), recessive model (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.73-4.21),and the allelic model (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.41-2.35). All p-values were less than 0.05. Therefore, MTHFR C677T polymorphism has a positive correlation with the risk of H-type hypertension. Among them, TT mutation has the greatest impact on the activity of this enzyme, which causes Hcy to rise and leads to H-type hypertension. CONCLUSION In summary, our results provide sufficient data to support the hypothesis that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is related to H-type hypertension susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Liao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Rulin Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Yizhong Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Boyu Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
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Ding Y, Wang Q, Gong CX. Hydrocephalus presented as the prominent symptom of severe 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency in an infant: A case report. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2:12. [PMID: 36699103 PMCID: PMC9829199 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2022.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a common medical condition observed in patients with aminoaciduria. Deficiency in cystathionine beta-synthase, metabolism of cobalamin associated C, peroxiredoxin 1, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase, LMBR1 domain containing 1, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase or 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) all can result in an elevation in plasma homocysteine, which has been reported to be a risk factor of vascular events, such as atherosis, acute myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke. Hyperhomocysteinemia due to the deficiency of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; also known as 5,10-methyl THR reductase) is an autosomal recessive rare disease caused by defects in the MTHFR gene. The clinical manifestations of this disorder are heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic to severe neurological disorders. However, hydrocephalus has seldomly been reported in patients with MTHFR deficiency. The present study thus describes a case of severe MTHFR deficiency in an infant, whose main manifestation was hydrocephalus. The clinical course and genotype of the patient were also examined. Specifically, a 4-month-old boy with hydrocephalus was admitted to hospital. Clinical examinations and genetic sequencing of the patient were performed to determine the probable causative factors. A physical examination revealed that the patient had developmental delay and progressive hydrocephalus. Amino acid analysis of the blood revealed an enhancement in serum homocysteine levels and a decrease in blood methionine and free carnitine levels. The organic acid levels in urine were normal. Therefore, he was diagnosed with hyperhomocysteinemia. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed to determine the pathogenetic gene in this case. A paternal mutation c.1530G>A (p.K510K) and a maternal mutation c.233C>A (p.S78X) were identified. Previous experimental evidence indicated that these two mutations were all pathogenic; therefore, this patient was ultimately diagnosed with MTHFR deficiency. The patient in described herein study presented with severe progressive hydrocephalus in association with a delayed developmental milestone. According to the clinical and genetic tests, the patient was diagnosed with severe MTHFR deficiency. It thus is recommended that screening for metabolites and performing gene sequencing in infants presenting with undisclosed hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Xiu Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
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Guéant JL, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Kosgei VJ, Coelho D. Causes and consequences of impaired methionine synthase activity in acquired and inherited disorders of vitamin B 12 metabolism. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 57:133-155. [PMID: 34608838 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1979459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-Cobalamin (Cbl) derives from dietary vitamin B12 and acts as a cofactor of methionine synthase (MS) in mammals. MS encoded by MTR catalyzes the remethylation of homocysteine to generate methionine and tetrahydrofolate, which fuel methionine and cytoplasmic folate cycles, respectively. Methionine is the precursor of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), the universal methyl donor of transmethylation reactions. Impaired MS activity results from inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption of B12 and inborn errors of Cbl metabolism (IECM). The mechanisms at the origin of the high variability of clinical presentation of impaired MS activity are classically considered as the consequence of the disruption of the folate cycle and related synthesis of purines and pyrimidines and the decreased synthesis of endogenous methionine and SAM. For one decade, data on cellular and animal models of B12 deficiency and IECM have highlighted other key pathomechanisms, including altered interactome of MS with methionine synthase reductase, MMACHC, and MMADHC, endoplasmic reticulum stress, altered cell signaling, and genomic/epigenomic dysregulations. Decreased MS activity increases catalytic protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and produces imbalanced phosphorylation/methylation of nucleocytoplasmic RNA binding proteins, including ELAVL1/HuR protein, with subsequent nuclear sequestration of mRNAs and dramatic alteration of gene expression, including SIRT1. Decreased SAM and SIRT1 activity induce ER stress through impaired SIRT1-deacetylation of HSF1 and hypomethylation/hyperacetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α), which deactivate nuclear receptors and lead to impaired energy metabolism and neuroplasticity. The reversibility of these pathomechanisms by SIRT1 agonists opens promising perspectives in the treatment of IECM outcomes resistant to conventional supplementation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Guéant
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux), Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Departments of Digestive Diseases and Molecular Medicine and National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital Center, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux), Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Departments of Digestive Diseases and Molecular Medicine and National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital Center, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Viola J Kosgei
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux), Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - David Coelho
- UMR Inserm 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition, Génetique et Exposition aux Risques Environmentaux), Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Molecular and biochemical investigations of inborn errors of metabolism-altered redox homeostasis in branched-chain amino acid disorders, organic acidurias, and homocystinuria. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:627-640. [PMID: 33504220 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1877286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
India, resembling other developing nations, is confronting a hastening demographic switch to non-communicable diseases. Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) constitute a varied heterogeneous group of disorders with variable clinical appearance, primarily in the pediatric populace. Congenital deformities and genetic disorders are significant for mortality throughout the world, and the Indian scenario is not very different. IEMs are a group of monogenic issues described by dysregulation of the metabolic networks that bring about development and homeostasis. Incipient evidence focuses on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as significant contributors to the multiorgan modifications are detected in a few IEMs. The amassing of toxic metabolites in organic acidurias, respiratory chain, and fatty acid oxidation ailments inhibit mitochondrial enzymes and processes, bringing about elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In different IEMs, as in homocystinuria, various sources of ROS have been suggested. In patients' samples along with cellular and experimental animal models, a few investigations have recognized substantial increments in ROS levels alongside diminishes in antioxidant defenses, relating with oxidative damage to proteins, lipids as well as DNA. Elevated ROS levels interrupt redox signaling pathways controlling biological processes such as cell development, differentiation, or apoptosis; however, few investigations explore these processes in IEMs. This review depicts the mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, redox signaling in branched-chain amino acid disorders, further organic acidurias, and homocystinuria, alongside the latest research investigating the proficiency of antioxidants in addition to mitochondria-targeted therapies as therapeutic components in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Ray
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indira Gandhi Technological and Medical Sciences University, Ziro, Arunachal , Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ghemrawi R, Arnold C, Battaglia-Hsu SF, Pourié G, Trinh I, Bassila C, Rashka C, Wiedemann A, Flayac J, Robert A, Dreumont N, Feillet F, Guéant JL, Coelho D. SIRT1 activation rescues the mislocalization of RNA-binding proteins and cognitive defects induced by inherited cobalamin disorders. Metabolism 2019; 101:153992. [PMID: 31672445 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular consequences of inborn errors of vitamin B12 or cobalamin metabolism are far from being understood. Moreover, innovative therapeutic strategies are needed for the treatment of neurological outcomes that are usually resistant to conventional treatments. Our previous findings suggest a link between SIRT1, cellular stress and RNA binding proteins (RBP) mislocalization in the pathological mechanisms triggered by impaired vitamin B12 metabolism. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of the pharmacological activation of SIRT1 using SRT1720 on the molecular mechanisms triggered by impaired methionine synthase activity. Experiments were performed in vitro with fibroblasts from patients with the cblG and cblC inherited defects of vitamin B12 metabolism and in vivo with an original transgenic mouse model of methionine synthase deficiency specific to neuronal cells. Subcellular localization of the RBPs HuR, HnRNPA1, RBM10, SRSF1 and Y14 was investigated by immunostaining and confocal microscopy in patient fibroblasts. RBPs methylation and phosphorylation were studied by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay. Cognitive performance of the transgenic mice treated with SRT1720 was measured with an aquatic maze. RESULTS Patient fibroblasts with cblC and cblG defects of vitamin B12 metabolism presented with endoplasmic reticulum stress, altered methylation, phosphorylation and subcellular localization of HuR, HnRNPA1 and RBM10, global mRNA mislocalization and increased HnRNPA1-dependent skipping of IRF3 exons. Incubation of fibroblasts with cobalamin, S-adenosyl methionine and okadaic acid rescued the localization of the RBPs and mRNA. The SIRT1 activating compound SRT1720 inhibited ER stress and rescued RBP and mRNA mislocalization and IRF3 splicing. Treatment with this SIRT1 agonist prevented all these hallmarks in patient fibroblasts but it also improved the deficient hippocampo-dependent learning ability of methionine synthase conditional knock-out mice. CONCLUSIONS By unraveling the molecular mechanisms triggered by inborn errors of cbl metabolism associating ER stress, RBP mislocalization and mRNA trafficking, our study opens novel therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of inborn errors of vitamin B12 metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Ghemrawi
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Carole Arnold
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Shyue-Fang Battaglia-Hsu
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Grégory Pourié
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Isabelle Trinh
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Christine Bassila
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Charif Rashka
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Arnaud Wiedemann
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Justine Flayac
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Aurélie Robert
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Natacha Dreumont
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - François Feillet
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - David Coelho
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, UMRS 1256, NGERE - Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a thiol group containing the amino acid, which naturally occurs in all humans. Hcy is degraded in the body through two metabolic pathways, while a minor part is excreted through kidneys. The chemical reactions that are necessary for degradation of Hcy require the presence of folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12. Consequently, the level of the total Hcy in the serum is influenced by the presence or absence of these vitamins. An elevated level of the Hcy, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and homocystinuria is connected with occlusive artery disease, especially in the brain, the heart, and the kidney, in addition to venous thrombosis, chronic renal failure, megaloblastic anemia, osteoporosis, depression, Alzheimer's disease, pregnancy problems, and others. Elevated Hcy levels are connected with various pathologies both in adult and child population. Causes of HHcy include genetic mutations and enzyme deficiencies in 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) methionine synthase (MS), and cystathionine β-synthase (CβS). HHcy can be caused by deficiencies in the folate, vitamin B12 and to a lesser extent, deficiency in B6 vitamin what influences methionine metabolism. Additionally, HHcy can be caused by the rich diet and renal impairment. This review presents literature data from recent research related to Hcy metabolism and the etiology of the Hcy blood level disorder. In addition, we also described various pathological mechanisms induced by hereditary disturbances or nutritional influences and their association with HHcy induced pathology in adults and children and treatment of these metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozidarka L Zaric
- Institute of nuclear science Vinca, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Institute of nuclear science Vinca, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Bajic
- Institute of nuclear science Vinca, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Milos Jovanovic
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Institute of physiology and biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Institute of nuclear science Vinca, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade, Serbia
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Jacobsen DW, Hannibal L. Redox signaling in inherited diseases of metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Grandjean JM, Plate L, Morimoto RI, Bollong MJ, Powers ET, Wiseman RL. Deconvoluting Stress-Responsive Proteostasis Signaling Pathways for Pharmacologic Activation Using Targeted RNA Sequencing. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:784-795. [PMID: 30821953 PMCID: PMC6474822 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular proteostasis is maintained by stress-responsive signaling pathways such as the heat shock response (HSR), the oxidative stress response (OSR), and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Activation of these pathways results in the transcriptional upregulation of select subsets of stress-responsive genes that restore proteostasis and adapt cellular physiology to promote recovery following various types of acute insult. The capacity for these pathways to regulate cellular proteostasis makes them attractive therapeutic targets for correcting proteostasis defects associated with diverse diseases. High-throughput screening (HTS) using cell-based reporter assays is highly effective for identifying putative activators of stress-responsive signaling pathways. However, the development of these compounds is hampered by the lack of medium-throughput assays to define compound potency and selectivity for a given pathway. Here, we describe a targeted RNA sequencing (RNAseq) assay that allows cost-effective, medium-throughput screening of stress-responsive signaling pathway activation. We demonstrate that this assay allows deconvolution of stress-responsive signaling activated by chemical genetic or pharmacologic agents. Furthermore, we use this assay to define the selectivity of putative OSR and HSR activating compounds previously identified by HTS. Our results demonstrate the potential for integrating this adaptable targeted RNAseq assay into screening programs focused on developing pharmacologic activators of stress-responsive signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M.D. Grandjean
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard I. Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michael J. Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Altered Redox Homeostasis in Branched-Chain Amino Acid Disorders, Organic Acidurias, and Homocystinuria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1246069. [PMID: 29743968 PMCID: PMC5884027 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1246069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of monogenic disorders characterized by dysregulation of the metabolic networks that underlie development and homeostasis. Emerging evidence points to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as major contributors to the multiorgan alterations observed in several IEMs. The accumulation of toxic metabolites in organic acidurias, respiratory chain, and fatty acid oxidation disorders inhibits mitochondrial enzymes and processes resulting in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In other IEMs, as in homocystinuria, different sources of ROS have been proposed. In patients' samples, as well as in cellular and animal models, several studies have identified significant increases in ROS levels along with decreases in antioxidant defences, correlating with oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. Elevated ROS disturb redox-signaling pathways regulating biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, or cell death; however, there are few studies investigating these processes in IEMs. In this review, we describe the published data on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired redox signaling in branched-chain amino acid disorders, other organic acidurias, and homocystinuria, along with recent studies exploring the efficiency of antioxidants and mitochondria-targeted therapies as therapeutic compounds in these diseases.
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Brasil S, Briso-Montiano A, Gámez A, Underhaug J, Flydal M, Desviat L, Merinero B, Ugarte M, Martinez A, Pérez B. New perspectives for pharmacological chaperoning treatment in methylmalonic aciduria cblB type. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:640-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yao Y, Shen K. Monogenic diseases in respiratory medicine: Clinical perspectives. Pediatr Investig 2017; 1:27-31. [PMID: 32851215 PMCID: PMC7331330 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing awareness of genetics in respiratory medicine and improvements in molecular diagnostic techniques, many complicated and rare diseases in respiratory medicine can be diagnosed. Most respiratory diseases have no specific phenotype. However, the clinical spectrum of monogenic diseases in respiratory medicine varies, from pulmonary disease to other inherited disorders that involve the lung. The genes that mediate some of these diseases have been identified. Certain monogenic diseases remain poorly characterized clinically. Because of the specificity of the phenotype of respiratory disease, a future challenge will be to correlate the phenotype and genotype and understand its phenotypic variability. With the development of precision medicine, research on monogenic disorders has been intensive and vigorous. In this article, we provide a brief clinical introduction to monogenic diseases in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesDepartment of Respiratory MedicineBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Kunling Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesDepartment of Respiratory MedicineBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
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15
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García-Giménez JL, Romá-Mateo C, Pérez-Machado G, Peiró-Chova L, Pallardó FV. Role of glutathione in the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms in disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:36-48. [PMID: 28705657 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is a rapidly growing field that studies gene expression modifications not involving changes in the DNA sequence. Histone H3, one of the basic proteins in the nucleosomes that make up chromatin, is S-glutathionylated in mammalian cells and tissues, making Gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, glutathione (GSH), a physiological antioxidant and second messenger in cells, a new post-translational modifier of the histone code that alters the structure of the nucleosome. However, the role of GSH in the epigenetic mechanisms likely goes beyond a mere structural function. Evidence supports the hypothesis that there is a link between GSH metabolism and the control of epigenetic mechanisms at different levels (i.e., substrate availability, enzymatic activity for DNA methylation, changes in the expression of microRNAs, and participation in the histone code). However, little is known about the molecular pathways by which GSH can control epigenetic events. Studying mutations in enzymes involved in GSH metabolism and the alterations of the levels of cofactors affecting epigenetic mechanisms appears challenging. However, the number of diseases induced by aberrant epigenetic regulation is growing, so elucidating the intricate network between GSH metabolism, oxidative stress and epigenetics could shed light on how their deregulation contributes to the development of neurodegeneration, cancer, metabolic pathologies and many other types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain; Mixed Unit INCLIVA-CIPF Research Institutes, Valencia, Spain; Dept. Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València (UV), Valencia, Spain; Epigenetics Research Platform (CIBERER/UV), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Romá-Mateo
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain; Mixed Unit INCLIVA-CIPF Research Institutes, Valencia, Spain; Dept. Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València (UV), Valencia, Spain; Epigenetics Research Platform (CIBERER/UV), Valencia, Spain; Faculty of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gisselle Pérez-Machado
- Dept. Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València (UV), Valencia, Spain; Epigenetics Research Platform (CIBERER/UV), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Federico V Pallardó
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain; Mixed Unit INCLIVA-CIPF Research Institutes, Valencia, Spain; Dept. Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València (UV), Valencia, Spain; Epigenetics Research Platform (CIBERER/UV), Valencia, Spain.
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16
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Rivera-Barahona A, Alonso-Barroso E, Pérez B, Murphy MP, Richard E, Desviat LR. Treatment with antioxidants ameliorates oxidative damage in a mouse model of propionic acidemia. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122:43-50. [PMID: 28774709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of propionic acidemia (PA), a life threatening disease caused by the deficiency of propionyl CoA-carboxylase, in the catabolic pathway of branched-chain amino acids, odd-number chain fatty acids and cholesterol. Patients develop multisystemic complications including seizures, extrapyramidal symptoms, basal ganglia deterioration, pancreatitis and cardiomyopathy. The accumulation of toxic metabolites results in mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage, all of which have been documented in patients' samples and in a hypomorphic mouse model. Here we set out to investigate whether treatment with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ, or with the natural polyphenol resveratrol, which is reported to have antioxidant and mitochondrial activation properties, could ameliorate the altered redox status and its functional consequences in the PA mouse model. The results show that oral treatment with MitoQ or resveratrol decreases lipid peroxidation and the expression levels of DNA repair enzyme OGG1 in PA mouse liver, as well as inducing tissue-specific changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Notably, treatment decreased the cardiac hypertrophy marker BNP that is found upregulated in the PA mouse heart. Overall, the results provide in vivo evidence to justify more in depth investigations of antioxidants as adjuvant therapy in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Alonso-Barroso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Eva Richard
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes R Desviat
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Green R, Allen LH, Bjørke-Monsen AL, Brito A, Guéant JL, Miller JW, Molloy AM, Nexo E, Stabler S, Toh BH, Ueland PM, Yajnik C. Vitamin B 12 deficiency. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017; 3:17040. [PMID: 28660890 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (B12; also known as cobalamin) is a B vitamin that has an important role in cellular metabolism, especially in DNA synthesis, methylation and mitochondrial metabolism. Clinical B12 deficiency with classic haematological and neurological manifestations is relatively uncommon. However, subclinical deficiency affects between 2.5% and 26% of the general population depending on the definition used, although the clinical relevance is unclear. B12 deficiency can affect individuals at all ages, but most particularly elderly individuals. Infants, children, adolescents and women of reproductive age are also at high risk of deficiency in populations where dietary intake of B12-containing animal-derived foods is restricted. Deficiency is caused by either inadequate intake, inadequate bioavailability or malabsorption. Disruption of B12 transport in the blood, or impaired cellular uptake or metabolism causes an intracellular deficiency. Diagnostic biomarkers for B12 status include decreased levels of circulating total B12 and transcobalamin-bound B12, and abnormally increased levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. However, the exact cut-offs to classify clinical and subclinical deficiency remain debated. Management depends on B12 supplementation, either via high-dose oral routes or via parenteral administration. This Primer describes the current knowledge surrounding B12 deficiency, and highlights improvements in diagnostic methods as well as shifting concepts about the prevalence, causes and manifestations of B12 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, 4400 V Street, PATH Building, Davis, California 95817, USA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Alex Brito
- USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- Inserm UMRS 954 N-GERE (Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux), University of Lorraine and INSERM, Nancy, France
| | - Joshua W Miller
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anne M Molloy
- School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ebba Nexo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sally Stabler
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Section for Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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18
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da Silva DGH, Belini Junior E, de Souza Torres L, Okumura JV, Marcel Barberino W, Garcia de Oliveira R, Urbinatti Teixeira V, Lopes de Castro Lobo C, Alves de Almeida E, Bonini-Domingos CR. Impact of genetic polymorphisms in key enzymes of homocysteine metabolism on the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:53-61. [PMID: 28188925 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at studying a possible influence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; c. 677C>T) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS; 844ins68) polymorphisms on overall oxidative status of sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients and on routine markers, correlating them with hydroxycarbamide (HC) treatment. We evaluated 95 unrelated and diagnosed SCA patients. All patients received a prophylactic treatment with folic acid of 5mg/day, while 41 (43.2%) of them were under hydroxycarbamide (HC) treatment (average dose: 22mg/kg/day). MTHFR and CBS polymorphisms were identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Biochemical parameters were measured using spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Routine markers were developed by specialized laboratory. We did not find any effect of 677T and "I" allele combination on the biomarkers evaluated. On the other hand, MTHFR 677T mutation was related to a depletion of antioxidant capacity, according to the decreased catalase activity and a reduction about 30% of glutathione levels. Moreover, the presence of the insertion was related to about 23% less biomolecule oxidation levels and lower monocytes count, but about 14% higher lactate dehydrogenase activity. These findings may contribute to highlight that the MTHFR and CBS polymorphisms involvement in SCA pathophysiology is likely to be far more complex than it was explored to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Grünig Humberto da Silva
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil; UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edis Belini Junior
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lidiane de Souza Torres
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessika Viviani Okumura
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Marcel Barberino
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Garcia de Oliveira
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Urbinatti Teixeira
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil; FURB - Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Department of Natural Sciences, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Claudia Regina Bonini-Domingos
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Department of Biology, Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Richard E, Brasil S, Leal F, Navarrete R, Vega A, Ecay MJ, Desviat LR, Pérez-Cerda C, Ugarte M, Merinero B, Pérez B. Isolated and Combined Remethylation Disorders. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409816685732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Richard
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Brasil
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Leal
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Navarrete
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Vega
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Ecay
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes R. Desviat
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Pérez-Cerda
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Merinero
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Piquereau J, Moulin M, Zurlo G, Mateo P, Gressette M, Paul JL, Lemaire C, Ventura-Clapier R, Veksler V, Garnier A. Cobalamin and folate protect mitochondrial and contractile functions in a murine model of cardiac pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 102:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Mutation Update and Review of Severe Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:427-38. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in Homocystinuria Patients with Remethylation Defects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150357. [PMID: 26959487 PMCID: PMC4784912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is crucial for cellular homeostasis, and dysfunction at either site as well as perturbation of mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) have been linked to neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. Previously, we have observed an increase in ROS and apoptosis levels in patient-derived fibroblasts with remethylation disorders causing homocystinuria. Here we show increased mRNA and protein levels of Herp, Grp78, IP3R1, pPERK, ATF4, CHOP, asparagine synthase and GADD45 in patient-derived fibroblasts suggesting ER stress and calcium perturbations in homocystinuria. In addition, overexpressed MAM-associated proteins (Grp75, σ-1R and Mfn2) were found in these cells that could result in mitochondrial calcium overload and oxidative stress increase. Our results also show an activation of autophagy process and a substantial degradation of altered mitochondria by mitophagy in patient-derived fibroblasts. Moreover, we have observed that autophagy was partially abolished by antioxidants suggesting that ROS participate in this process that may have a protective role. Our findings argue that alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and autophagy may contribute to the development of this metabolic disorder and suggest a therapeutic potential in homocystinuria for agents that stabilize calcium homeostasis and/or restore the proper function of ER-mitochondria communications.
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Brooks BP, Thompson AH, Sloan JL, Manoli I, Carrillo-Carrasco N, Zein WM, Venditti CP. Ophthalmic Manifestations and Long-Term Visual Outcomes in Patients with Cobalamin C Deficiency. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:571-82. [PMID: 26825575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the ocular manifestations of cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency, an inborn error of intracellular vitamin B12 metabolism. DESIGN Retrospective, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-five cblC patients underwent clinical and ophthalmic examination at the National Institutes of Health between August 2004 and September 2012. Patient ages ranged from 2 to 27 years at last ophthalmic visit, and follow-up ranged from 0 to 83 months (median, 37 months; range, 13-83 months) over a total of 69 visits. METHODS Best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundus examination, wide-field photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, sedated electroretinography, optical coherence tomography, genetics and metabolite assessment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual acuity and presence and degree of retinal degeneration and optic nerve pallor. RESULTS Nystagmus (64%), strabismus (52%), macular degeneration (72%), optic nerve pallor (68%), and vascular changes (64%) were present. c.271dupA (p.R91KfsX14) homozygous patients (n = 14) showed early and extensive macular degeneration. Electroretinography showed that scotopic and photopic responses were reduced and delayed, but were preserved remarkably in some patients despite severe degeneration. Optical coherence tomography images through the central macular lesion of a patient with severe retinal degeneration showed extreme thinning, some preservation of retinal lamination, and nearly complete loss of the outer nuclear layer. Despite hyperhomocysteinemia, no patients exhibited lens dislocation. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study reports ocular outcomes in the largest group of patients with cblC deficiency systematically examined at a single center over an extended period. Differences in progression and severity of macular degeneration, optic nerve pallor, and vascular attenuation between homozygous c.271dupA (p.R91KfsX14) patients and compound heterozygotes were noted. The pace and chronicity of ophthalmic manifestations lacked strict correlation to metabolic status as measured during visits. Prenatal or early treatment, or both, may have mitigated ocular disease, leading to better functional acuity, but patients still progressed to severe macular degeneration. The effects of prenatal or early treatment, or both, in siblings; the manifestation of severe disease in infancy; the presence of comorbid developmental abnormalities; and the possible laminar structural defect noted in many patients are findings showing that cblC deficiency displays a developmental as well as a degenerative ocular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Brooks
- National Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; National Human Genome Research Institute, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Amy H Thompson
- National Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer L Sloan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Irini Manoli
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nuria Carrillo-Carrasco
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wadih M Zein
- National Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charles P Venditti
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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24
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Huemer M, Bürer C, Ješina P, Kožich V, Landolt MA, Suormala T, Fowler B, Augoustides-Savvopoulou P, Blair E, Brennerova K, Broomfield A, De Meirleir L, Gökcay G, Hennermann J, Jardine P, Koch J, Lorenzl S, Lotz-Havla AS, Noss J, Parini R, Peters H, Plecko B, Ramos FJ, Schlune A, Tsiakas K, Zerjav Tansek M, Baumgartner MR. Clinical onset and course, response to treatment and outcome in 24 patients with the cblE or cblG remethylation defect complemented by genetic and in vitro enzyme study data. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:957-67. [PMID: 25526710 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cobalamin E (cblE) (MTRR, methionine synthase reductase) and cobalamin G (cblG) (MTR, methionine synthase) defects are rare inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism leading to impairment of the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. METHODS Information on clinical and laboratory data at initial full assessment and during the course of the disease, treatment, outcome and quality of life was obtained in a survey-based, retrospective study from physicians caring for patients with the CblE or CblG defect. In addition, data on enzyme studies in cultured skin fibroblasts and mutations in the MTRR and MTR gene were analysed. RESULTS In 11 cblE and 13 cblG patients, failure to thrive, feeding problems, delayed milestones, muscular hypotonia, cognitive impairment and macrocytic anaemia were the most frequent symptoms. Delay in diagnosis depended on age at first symptom and clinical pattern at presentation and correlated significantly with impaired communication abilities at follow-up. Eighteen/22 patients presented with brain atrophy or white matter disease. Biochemical response to treatment with variable combinations of betaine, cobalamin, folate was significant. The overall course was considered improving (n = 8) or stable (n = 15) in 96% of patients, however the average number of CNS symptoms per patient increased significantly over time and 16 of 23 patients were classified as developmentally delayed or severely handicapped. In vitro enzyme analysis data showed no correlation with outcome. Predominantly private mutations were detected and no genotype- phenotype correlations evident. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients with the cblE and cblG defect show limited clinical response to treatment and have neurocognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huemer
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstr. 75, Zurich, Switzerland,
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25
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Chéry L, Lam HM, Coleman I, Lakely B, Coleman R, Larson S, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Xia J, Gulati R, Nelson PS, Montgomery B, Lange P, Snyder LA, Vessella RL, Morrissey C. Characterization of single disseminated prostate cancer cells reveals tumor cell heterogeneity and identifies dormancy associated pathways. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9939-51. [PMID: 25301725 PMCID: PMC4259449 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer dormancy refers to the prolonged clinical disease-free time between removal of the primary tumor and recurrence, which is common in prostate cancer (PCa), breast cancer, esophageal cancer, and other cancers. PCa disseminated tumor cells (DTC) are detected in both patients with no evidence of disease (NED) and advanced disease (ADV). However, the molecular and cellular nature of DTC is unknown. We performed a first-in-field study of single DTC transcriptomic analyses in cancer patients to identify a molecular signature associated with cancer dormancy. We profiled eighty-five individual EpCAM+/CD45− cells from the bone marrow of PCa patients with NED or ADV. We analyzed 44 DTC with high prostate-epithelial signatures, and eliminated 41 cells with high erythroid signatures and low prostate epithelial signatures. DTC were clustered into 3 groups: NED, ADV_1, and ADV_2, in which the ADV_1 group presented a distinct gene expression pattern associated with the p38 stress activated kinase pathway. Additionally, DTC from the NED group were enriched for a tumor dormancy signature associated with head and neck squamous carcinoma and breast cancer. This study provides the first clinical evidence of the p38 pathway as a potential biomarker for early recurrence and an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisly Chéry
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Contributed equally to this work
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Contributed equally to this work
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Bryce Lakely
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Roger Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Sandy Larson
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jing Xia
- Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Roman Gulati
- Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Paul Lange
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA. Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Robert L Vessella
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA. Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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26
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Yuste-Checa P, Gámez A, Brasil S, Desviat LR, Ugarte M, Pérez-Cerdá C, Pérez B. The Effects of PMM2-CDG-Causing Mutations on the Folding, Activity, and Stability of the PMM2 Protein. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:851-60. [PMID: 26014514 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia (PMM2-CDG), the most common form of CDG, is caused by mutations in the PMM2 gene that reduce phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) activity. No curative treatment is available. The present work describes the functional analysis of nine human PMM2 mutant proteins frequently found in PMM2-CDG patients and also two murine Pmm2 mutations carried by the unique PMM2-CDG mouse model described to overcome embryonic lethality. The effects of the mutations on PMM2/Pmm2 stability, oligomerization, and enzyme activity were explored in an optimized bacterial system. The mutant proteins were associated with an enzymatic activity of up to 47.3% as compared with wild type (WT). Stability analysis performed using differential scanning fluorimetry and a bacterial transcription-translation-coupled system allowed the identification of several destabilizing mutations (p.V44A, p.D65Y, p.R123Q, p.R141H, p.R162W, p.F207S, p.T237M, p.C241S). Exclusion chromatography identified one mutation, p.P113L, that affected dimer interaction. Expression analysis of the p.V44A, p.D65Y, p.R162W, and p.T237M mutations in a eukaryotic expression system under permissive folding conditions showed the possibility of recovering their associated PMM2 activity. Together, the results suggest that some loss-of-function mutations detected in PMM2-CDG patients could be destabilizing, and therefore PMM2 activity could be, in certain cases, rescuable via the use of synergetic proteostasis modulators and/or chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Yuste-Checa
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPaZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Gámez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPaZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Brasil
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPaZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes R Desviat
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPaZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPaZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Pérez-Cerdá
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPaZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPaZ, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Boneh A. Signal transduction in inherited metabolic disorders: a model for a possible pathogenetic mechanism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:729-40. [PMID: 25735935 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction is the process by which external or internal signals exert their intracellular biological effects and by which intracellular communication is regulated. An important component of the signalling pathway is the second messenger, which is produced upon stimulation of the cell and mediates its effects downstream through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of target proteins. Intracellular accumulation or deficiency of metabolites that serve as second messengers, due to inborn errors of their metabolism, may lead to perturbation of signalling pathways and disruption of the balance between them, serving as a missing link between the genotype, biochemical phenotype and clinical phenotype. The main second messengers that are putatively associated with the pathogenesis of IEM are 'bioactive lipids' (complex lipids and long-chain fatty acids), 'calcium', 'stress' (osmotic, reactive oxygen/nitorgen species, misfolded proteins and others) and 'metabolic' (AMP/ATP ratio, leucine, glutamine). They act through protein kinase C, calcium dependent kinases (CamK) and phosphatase (CN), 'stress-mediated' kinases (MAPK) and AMP/ATP-dependent kinase (AMPK). These signalling pathways lead to cell proliferation, inflammatory response, autophagy (and mitophagy) and apoptosis, suggesting that there are only few final common pathways involved in this pathogenetic mechanism. Questions remain regarding the complexity of the effects of the accumulating metabolites on different signalling pathways, and regarding the relative role and origin of 'proxy' second messengers such as reactive oxygen species. A better understanding of the signalling pathways in IEM may enhance the development of novel therapies in situations where normalising intracellular concentrations of the second messenger is impossible or impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avihu Boneh
- Metabolic Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic, 3052, Melbourne, Australia,
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28
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Burda P, Schäfer A, Suormala T, Rummel T, Bürer C, Heuberger D, Frapolli M, Giunta C, Sokolová J, Vlášková H, Kožich V, Koch HG, Fowler B, Froese DS, Baumgartner MR. Insights into Severe 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency: Molecular Genetic and Enzymatic Characterization of 76 Patients. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:611-21. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricie Burda
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital; Zurich CH-8032 Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital; Zurich CH-8032 Switzerland
| | - Terttu Suormala
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital; Zurich CH-8032 Switzerland
| | - Till Rummel
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital; Münster D-48149 Germany
| | - Céline Bürer
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital; Zurich CH-8032 Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Heuberger
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital; Zurich CH-8032 Switzerland
| | - Michele Frapolli
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital; Zurich CH-8032 Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Giunta
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital; Zurich CH-8032 Switzerland
| | - Jitka Sokolová
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Hana Vlášková
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Hans Georg Koch
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital; Münster D-48149 Germany
- Klinikum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin; Klinikum Braunschweig; Braunschweig D-38118 Germany
| | - Brian Fowler
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital; Zurich CH-8032 Switzerland
| | - D. Sean Froese
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital; Zurich CH-8032 Switzerland
- radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich; Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Matthias R. Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital; Zurich CH-8032 Switzerland
- radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich; Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich; Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology; University of Zurich; Switzerland
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29
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García-Cazorla A, Oyarzabal A, Fort J, Robles C, Castejón E, Ruiz-Sala P, Bodoy S, Merinero B, Lopez-Sala A, Dopazo J, Nunes V, Ugarte M, Artuch R, Palacín M, Rodríguez-Pombo P, Alcaide P, Navarrete R, Sanz P, Font-Llitjós M, Vilaseca MA, Ormaizabal A, Pristoupilova A, Agulló SB. Two novel mutations in the BCKDK (branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase kinase) gene are responsible for a neurobehavioral deficit in two pediatric unrelated patients. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:470-7. [PMID: 24449431 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the BCKDK gene, which codes for the kinase responsible for the negative regulation of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD), have recently been associated with a form of autism in three families. In this work, two novel exonic BCKDK mutations, c.520C>G/p.R174G and c.1166T>C/p.L389P, were identified at the homozygous state in two unrelated children with persistently reduced body fluid levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), developmental delay, microcephaly, and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Functional analysis of the mutations confirmed the missense character of the c.1166T>C change and showed a splicing defect r.[520c>g;521_543del]/p.R174Gfs1*, for c.520C>G due to the presence of a new donor splice site. Mutation p.L389P showed total loss of kinase activity. Moreover, patient-derived fibroblasts showed undetectable (p.R174Gfs1*) or barely detectable (p.L389P) levels of BCKDK protein and its phosphorylated substrate (phospho-E1α), resulting in increased BCKD activity and the very rapid BCAA catabolism manifested by the patients' clinical phenotype. Based on these results, a protein-rich diet plus oral BCAA supplementation was implemented in the patient homozygous for p.R174Gfs1*. This treatment normalized plasma BCAA levels and improved growth, developmental and behavioral variables. Our results demonstrate that BCKDK mutations can result in neurobehavioral deficits in humans and support the rationale for dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angels García-Cazorla
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Pastore A, Martinelli D, Piemonte F, Tozzi G, Boenzi S, Di Giovamberardino G, Petrillo S, Bertini E, Dionisi-Vici C. Glutathione metabolism in cobalamin deficiency type C (cblC). J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:125-9. [PMID: 23568438 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-013-9605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmalonic aciduria with homocystinuria, cblC defect, is the most frequent disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism. CblC patients are commonly treated with a multidrug therapy to reduce metabolite accumulation and to increase deficient substrates. However the long-term outcome is often unsatisfactory especially in patients with early onset, with frequent progression of neurological and ocular impairment. Recent studies, have shown perturbation of cellular redox status in cblC. To evaluate the potential contribution of oxidative stress into the patophysiology of cblC defect, we have analyzed the in vivo glutathione metabolism in a large series of cblC deficient individuals. METHODS Levels of different forms of glutathione were measured in lymphocytes obtained from 18 cblC patients and compared with age-matched controls. Furthermore, we also analyzed plasma cysteine and total homocysteine. RESULTS We found an imbalance of glutathione metabolism in cblC patients with a significant decrease of total and reduced glutathione, along with a significant increase of different oxidized glutathione forms. CONCLUSIONS These findings show a relevant in vivo disturbance of glutathione metabolism underlining the contribution of glutathione pool depletion to the redox imbalance in treated cblC patients. Our study may be helpful in addressing future research to better understanding the pathogenetic mechanism of the disease and in developing new therapeutic approaches, including the use of novel vitamin B₁₂ derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pastore
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Proteomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza S. Onofrio, 4-00165, Rome, Italy,
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