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Wakamatsu T, Yamamoto S, Matsuo K, Taniguchi M, Hamano T, Fukagawa M, Kazama JJ. Effectiveness of calcimimetics on fractures in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Bone Miner Metab 2024; 42:316-325. [PMID: 38536478 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-024-01500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of calcimimetics in reducing the risk of fractures in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for articles published through December 9, 2023. The quality of each trial was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model, and effect measures across studies were synthesized. The risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to quantify the risk of fracture. RESULTS We identified seven studies involving 6481 dialysis patients with SHPT. The administration of calcimimetics reduced fracture incidence compared to placebo or conventional treatment (RR: 0.50, 95% CI 0.29-0.88, p = 0.02). Calcimimetics demonstrated a low number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent an incident fracture (NNT: 47). CONCLUSION The use of calcimimetics offers a significant benefit in reducing the risk of fractures in patients undergoing dialysis with SHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Wakamatsu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamamoto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Nephrology, Niigata Shirone General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Hamano
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fukagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kato K, Nakashima A, Morishita M, Ohkido I, Yokoo T. Calcium-based phosphate binders and bone mineral density in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s10157-024-02493-8. [PMID: 38594468 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium supplements are commonly prescribed to prevent fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Nonetheless, they are generally eschewed in hemodialysis patients because they increase vascular calcification and induce cardiovascular disease. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effect of calcium-based phosphate binders (CBPB) on bone mineral density (BMD) in hemodialysis patients. METHODS Outpatients on dialysis who underwent BMD measurement from January to December 2017, whose data on BMD trends and CBPB administration were recorded over the next 4 years, were enrolled. Patients receiving anti-osteoporotic medications were excluded. The association between the presence and duration of CBPB administration and changes in BMD was evaluated. RESULTS The femoral neck's BMD decreased from 0.836 g/cm2 (0.702-0.952) to 0.764 g/cm2 (0.636-0.896) (P < 0.001) in the non-CBPB group (patients who never received CBPB over 4 years, n = 32). The CBPB group (n = 56) exhibited only a minute decrease from 0.833 g/cm2 (0.736-0.965) to 0.824 g/cm2 (0.706-0.939) (P = 0.004). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed better BMD maintenance in the CBPB group [β-coefficient (95% CI): 0.033 (0.001-0.065); P = 0.046] than in the non-CBPB group. Additionally, the prolonged-CBPB administration group showed superior BMD preservation [β-coefficient (95% CI): 0.038 (0.001-0.076); P = 0.042]. CONCLUSION CBPB administration may be associated with BMD maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Kato
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Morishita Memorial Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akio Nakashima
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | | | - Ichiro Ohkido
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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3
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Liu H, Liu L, Rosen CJ. PTH and the Regulation of Mesenchymal Cells within the Bone Marrow Niche. Cells 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38474370 PMCID: PMC10930661 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a pivotal role in maintaining calcium homeostasis, largely by modulating bone remodeling processes. Its effects on bone are notably dependent on the duration and frequency of exposure. Specifically, PTH can initiate both bone formation and resorption, with the outcome being influenced by the manner of PTH administration: continuous or intermittent. In continuous administration, PTH tends to promote bone resorption, possibly by regulating certain genes within bone cells. Conversely, intermittent exposure generally favors bone formation, possibly through transient gene activation. PTH's role extends to various aspects of bone cell activity. It directly influences skeletal stem cells, osteoblastic lineage cells, osteocytes, and T cells, playing a critical role in bone generation. Simultaneously, it indirectly affects osteoclast precursor cells and osteoclasts, and has a direct impact on T cells, contributing to its role in bone resorption. Despite these insights, the intricate mechanisms through which PTH acts within the bone marrow niche are not entirely understood. This article reviews the dual roles of PTH-catabolic and anabolic-on bone cells, highlighting the cellular and molecular pathways involved in these processes. The complex interplay of these factors in bone remodeling underscores the need for further investigation to fully comprehend PTH's multifaceted influence on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Linyi Liu
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
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4
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Dey Bhowmik A, Das T, Chattopadhyay A. Chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentration of fluoride impairs osteoblast's collagen synthesis and matrix mineralization: Involvement of epigenetic regulation in skeletal fluorosis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116845. [PMID: 37558119 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, 200 million people are suffering from toxic manifestations of Fluoride(F), dental and skeletal fluorosis; unfortunately, there is no treatment. To unravel the pathogenesis of skeletal fluorosis, we established fluorosis mice by treating environmentally relevant concentration of F (15 ppm NaF) through drinking water for 4 months. As in skeletal fluorosis, locomotor disability, crippling deformities occur and thus, our hypothesis was F might adversely affects collagen which gives the bone tensile strength. This work inevitably had to be carried out on osteoblast cells, responsible for synthesis, deposition, and mineralization of bone matrix. Isolated osteoblast cells were confirmed by ALP activity and mineralized nodules formation. Expression of collagen Col1a1, Col1a2, COL1A1 was significantly reduced in treated mice. Further, a study revealed the involvement of epigenetic regulation by promoter hypermethylation of Col1a1; expressional alterations of transcription factors, calcium channels and other genes e.g., Cbfa-1, Tgf-β1, Bmp1, Sp1, Sp7, Nf-Kb p65, Bmp-2, Bglap, Gprc6a and Cav1.2 are associated with impairment of collagen synthesis, deposition and decreased mineralization thus, enfeebling bone health. This study indicates the possible association of epigenetic regulation in skeletal fluorosis. However, no association was found between polymorphisms in the Col1a1 (RsaI, HindIII) and Col1a2 (RsaI, HindIII) genes with fluorosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Dey Bhowmik
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanmoy Das
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
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5
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Zhu L, Zhou C, Chen S, Huang D, Jiang Y, Lan Y, Zou S, Li Y. Osteoporosis and Alveolar Bone Health in Periodontitis Niche: A Predisposing Factors-Centered Review. Cells 2022; 11:3380. [PMID: 36359775 PMCID: PMC9657655 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a periodontal inflammatory condition that results from disrupted periodontal host-microbe homeostasis, manifested by the destruction of tooth-supporting structures, especially inflammatory alveolar bone loss. Osteoporosis is characterized by systemic deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture. The roles of many systemic factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, including endocrine change, metabolic disorders, health-impaired behaviors and mental stress. The prevalence rate of osteoporotic fracture is in sustained elevation in the past decades. Recent studies suggest that individuals with concomitant osteoporosis are more vulnerable to periodontal impairment. Current reviews of worse periodontal status in the context of osteoporosis are limited, mainly centering on the impacts of menopausal and diabetic osteoporosis on periodontitis. Herein, this review article makes an effort to provide a comprehensive view of the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis, with a focus on clarifying how those risk factors in osteoporotic populations modify the alveolar bone homeostasis in the periodontitis niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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6
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Stephen SJ, Bailey S, D'Erminio DN, Krishnamoorthy D, Iatridis JC, Vashishth D. Bone matrix quality in a developing high-fat diet mouse model is altered by RAGE deletion. Bone 2022; 162:116470. [PMID: 35718325 PMCID: PMC9296598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Overweightness and obesity in adolescents are epidemics linked to chronic low-grade inflammation and elevated fracture risk. The increased fracture risk observed in overweight/obese adolescence contrasts the traditional concept that high body mass is protective against fracture, and thus highlights the need to determine why weight gain becomes detrimental to fracture during growth and maturity. The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) is a central inflammatory regulator that can influence bone metabolism. It remains unknown how RAGE removal impacts skeletal fragility in overweightness/obesity, and whether increased fracture risk in adolescents could result from low-grade inflammation deteriorating bone quality. We characterized the multiscale structural, mechanical, and chemical properties of tibiae extracted from adolescent C57BL/6J (WT) and RAGE null (KO) mice fed either low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks starting at 6 weeks of age using micro-computed tomography, strength, Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation. Overweight/obese WT HF mice possessed degraded mineral-crystal quality and increased matrix glycoxidation in the form of pentosidine and carboxymethyl-lysine, with HF diet in females only showing reduced cortical surface expansion and TMD independently of RAGE ablation. Furthermore, in contrast to males, HF diet in females led to more material damage and plastic deformation. RAGE KO mitigated glycoxidative matrix accumulation, preserved mineral quantity, and led to increased E/H ratio in females. Taken together, these results highlight the complex, multi-scale and sex-dependent relationships between bone quality and function under overweightness, and identifies RAGE-controlled glycoxidation as a target to potentially preserve matrix quality and mechanical integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Stephen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Stacyann Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Danielle N D'Erminio
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Divya Krishnamoorthy
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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Ahmed ASI, Sheng MHC, Lau KHW, Wilson SM, Wongworawat MD, Tang X, Ghahramanpouri M, Nehme A, Xu Y, Abdipour A, Zhang XB, Wasnik S, Baylink DJ. Calcium released by osteoclastic resorption stimulates autocrine/paracrine activities in local osteogenic cells to promote coupled bone formation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C977-C990. [PMID: 35385325 PMCID: PMC9109806 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00413.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A major cause of osteoporosis is impaired coupled bone formation. Mechanistically, both osteoclast-derived and bone-derived growth factors have been previously implicated. We hypothesize that the release of bone calcium during osteoclastic bone resorption is essential for coupled bone formation. Osteoclastic resorption increases interstitial fluid calcium locally from the normal 1.8 mM up to 5 mM. MC3T3-E1 osteoprogenitors, cultured in a 3.6 mM calcium medium, demonstrated that calcium signaling stimulated osteogenic cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Calcium channel knockdown studies implicated calcium channels, Cav1.2, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in regulating bone cell anabolic activities. MC3T3-E1 cultured in a 3.6 mM calcium medium expressed increased gene expression of Wnt signaling and growth factors platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP 2). Our coupling model of bone formation, the Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) treated mouse calvaria, confirmed the role of calcium signaling in coupled bone formation by exhibiting increased gene expression for osterix and osteocalcin. Critically, dual immunocytochemistry showed that RANKL treatment increased osterix positive cells and increased fluorescence intensity of Cav1.2 and CaSR protein expression per osterix positive cell. The data established that calcium released by osteoclasts contributed to the regulation of coupled bone formation. CRISPR/Cas-9 knockout of Cav1.2 in osteoprogenitors cultured in basal calcium medium caused a >80% decrease in the expression of downstream osteogenic genes, emphasizing the large magnitude of the effect of calcium signaling. Thus, calcium signaling is a major regulator of coupled bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Shufian Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States.,The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Matilda H C Sheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States.,Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Kin-Hing William Lau
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Sean M Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - M Daniel Wongworawat
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, United States
| | - Mahdis Ghahramanpouri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Antoine Nehme
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University and Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Amir Abdipour
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Samiksha Wasnik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - David J Baylink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
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8
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Stimulation of Metabolic Activity and Cell Differentiation in Osteoblastic and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Nanohydroxyapatite Paste Bone Graft Substitute. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041570. [PMID: 35208112 PMCID: PMC8877199 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have been exploited to develop new biomaterials including nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA) with physical properties close to those of natural bone mineral. While clinical data are encouraging, relatively little is understood regarding bone cells’ interactions with synthetic graft substitutes based on this technology. The aim of this research was therefore to investigate the in vitro response of both osteoblast cell lines and primary osteoblasts to an nHA paste. Cellular metabolic activity was assessed using the cell viability reagent PrestoBlue and quantitative, real-time PCR was used to determine gene expression related to osteogenic differentiation. A potential role of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the response of osteoblastic cells to nHA was also investigated. Indirect contact of the nHA paste with human osteoblastic cells (Saos-2, MG63, primary osteoblasts) and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhanced the cell metabolic activity. The nHA paste also stimulated gene expression of runt-related transcription factor 2, collagen 1, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin, thereby indicating an osteogenic response. CaSR was not involved in nHA paste-induced increases in cellular metabolic activity. This investigation demonstrated that the nHA paste has osteogenic properties that contribute to clinical efficacy when employed as an injectable bone graft substitute.
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9
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Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Short Mitochondrial-produced Peptides for Anabolic Osteogenesis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Zweifler LE, Koh AJ, Daignault-Newton S, McCauley LK. Anabolic actions of PTH in murine models: two decades of insights. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1979-1998. [PMID: 34101904 PMCID: PMC8596798 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced by the parathyroid glands in response to low serum calcium concentrations where it targets bones, kidneys, and indirectly, intestines. The N-terminus of PTH has been investigated for decades for its ability to stimulate bone formation when administered intermittently (iPTH) and is used clinically as an effective anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Despite great interest in iPTH and its clinical use, the mechanisms of PTH action remain complicated and not fully defined. More than 70 gene targets in more than 90 murine models have been utilized to better understand PTH anabolic actions. Because murine studies utilized wild-type mice as positive controls, a variety of variables were analyzed to better understand the optimal conditions under which iPTH functions. The greatest responses to iPTH were in male mice, with treatment starting later than 12 weeks of age, a treatment duration lasting 5-6 weeks, and a PTH dose of 30-60 μg/kg/day. This comprehensive study also evaluated these genetic models relative to the bone formative actions with a primary focus on the trabecular compartment revealing trends in critical genes and gene families relevant for PTH anabolic actions. The summation of these data revealed the gene deletions with the greatest increase in trabecular bone volume in response to iPTH. These included PTH and 1-α-hydroxylase (Pth;1α(OH)ase, 62-fold), amphiregulin (Areg, 15.8-fold), and PTH related protein (Pthrp, 10.2-fold). The deletions with the greatest inhibition of the anabolic response include deletions of: proteoglycan 4 (Prg4, -9.7-fold), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6, 1.3-fold), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5, -1.0-fold). Anabolic actions of iPTH were broadly affected via multiple and diverse genes. This data provides critical insight for future research and development, as well as application to human therapeutics. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Zweifler
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy J Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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11
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Komaba H, Ketteler M, Cunningham J, Fukagawa M. Old and New Drugs for the Management of Bone Disorders in CKD. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:486-495. [PMID: 33386480 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those undergoing dialysis. Renal osteodystrophy, which describes an alteration of bone morphology, is an important component of this systemic disorder and may explain the elevated risk of fracture which adversely affects morbidity and mortality. The most common form of renal osteodystrophy is high-turnover bone disease (osteitis fibrosa), which is induced by secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). During the past decade, there has been considerable advances in the management of SHPT, with the introduction of the calcimimetic agents, the optimized use of nutritional and active vitamin D, and the accumulated experience with surgical parathyroidectomy. Studies supported that these advances could translate into improvement of renal bone disease and fracture prevention, as well as decreasing the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. In this review, we summarize the available clinical evidence on the effect of old and new drugs on bone disorders in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Komaba
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimo-Kasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Markus Ketteler
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Masafumi Fukagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimo-Kasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan.
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12
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Pan K, Tu R, Yao X, Zhu Z. Associations between serum calcium, 25(OH)D level and bone mineral density in adolescents. Adv Rheumatol 2021; 61:16. [PMID: 33691805 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-021-00174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS It is important to improve our understanding of the roles of calcium and vitamin D in bone health for preventing osteoporosis. We aimed at exploring the associations between serum calcium, vitamin D level, and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2006. METHODS Weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of serum calcium, 25(OH)D level with total BMD. Smooth curve fitting was used to explore the potential non-linear relationship. RESULTS A total of 5990 individuals aged between 12 and 19 years were included in this study. The fully-adjusted model showed serum calcium positively correlated with total BMD. However, an inverted U-shaped relationship was found when we performed the smooth curve fitting method, and the inflection point was calculated at 9.6 mg/dL using the two-piecewise linear regression model. In contrast, there was a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and total BMD after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D level and total BMD, and an inverted U-shaped relationship between serum calcium and total BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Pan
- Department of Paediatrics, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongliang Tu
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaocong Yao
- Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Hui Q, Zhao X, Lu P, Liu S, Nyachoti M, O K, Yang C. Molecular distribution and localization of extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) at three different laying stages in laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Poult Sci 2021; 100:101060. [PMID: 33752067 PMCID: PMC8010884 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) play important roles in regulating calcium mobilization, calcium absorption, and calcium homeostasis, and they could be potential therapeutic targets to osteoporosis in laying hens. The present study investigated the molecular distribution of CaSR and VDR and the localization of CaSR in the kidney, proventriculus (true stomach), duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, cecum, shell gland, and tibia of laying hens at 3 different laying stages (19, 40, and 55 wk). The results showed that the relative mRNA abundance of CaSR in the kidney, ileum, proventriculus, duodenum, and colon was higher (P < 0.05) than the other tissues at 40 and 55 wk. The relative mRNA abundance of CaSR in the tibia was higher (P < 0.05) at 55 wk than at 40 wk. However, there were no significant differences in the relative protein abundance of CaSR among all tested tissues at peak production or in each tissue at the 3 different laying stages (P > 0.05). The relative mRNA abundance of VDR was higher (P < 0.05) in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) when compared with other tissues at the 3 different laying stages. The relative protein abundance of VDR in the duodenum was higher (P < 0.05) than that in the proventriculus, colon, and cecum. There were no significant differences in the VDR expression among the tested tissues at the 3 different laying stages (P > 0.05). The immunohistochemical results showed that the positive staining was found widely in each tissue. Moreover, different laying stages did not affect the localization of CaSR except for the tibia tissue. In conclusion, similar to VDR, CaSR was widely expressed not only in the gut but also in the tibia and shell gland in laying hens. The expression level of CaSR and VDR in all tested tissues was unchanged at the different laying stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Hui
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Martin Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Biphasic composite of calcium phosphate-based mesoporous silica as a novel bone drug delivery system. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:455-470. [PMID: 31820299 PMCID: PMC7066108 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We reported the new biphasic composites of calcium phosphate and mesoporous silica material (CaP@MSi) in the form of powders and pellets as a potential bone drug delivery system for doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX). The CaP@MSi powders were synthesized by cationic surfactant-templating method. The effects of 10, 20, and 30% CaP content in the CaP@MSi powders on the molecular surface structure, the cytotoxicity against osteoblast cells in vitro, and the mineralization potential in simulated body fluid were investigated. The CaP@MSi characterized by the highest mineralization potential (30% CaP content) were used for DOX adsorption and pelletization process. The CaP which precipitated in the CaP@MSi composites was characterized as calcium-deficient with the Ca:P molar ratio between 1.0 and 1.2. The cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the CaP content in MSi increases osteoblasts viability indicating the CaP@MSi (30% CaP content) as the most biocompatible. The combination of CaP and MSi was an effective strategy to improve the mineralization potential of parent material. Upon immersion in simulated body fluid, the CaP of composite converted into the bone-like apatite. The obtained pellets preserved the mineralization potential of CaP@MSi and provided the prolonged 5-day DOX release. The obtained biphasic CaP@MSi composites seem to have an application potential as bone-specific drug delivery system.
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15
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Simpson CR, Kelly HM, Murphy CM. Synergistic use of biomaterials and licensed therapeutics to manipulate bone remodelling and promote non-union fracture repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:212-233. [PMID: 33122088 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted bone metabolism can lead to delayed fracture healing or non-union, often requiring intervention to correct. Although the current clinical gold standard bone graft implants and commercial bone graft substitutes are effective, they possess inherent drawbacks and are limited in their therapeutic capacity for delayed union and non-union repair. Research into advanced biomaterials and therapeutic biomolecules has shown great potential for driving bone regeneration, although few have achieved commercial success or clinical translation. There are a number of therapeutics, which influence bone remodelling, currently licensed for clinical use. Providing an alternative local delivery context for these therapies, can enhance their efficacy and is an emerging trend in bone regenerative therapeutic strategies. This review aims to provide an overview of how biomaterial design has advanced from currently available commercial bone graft substitutes to accommodate previously licensed therapeutics that target local bone restoration and healing in a synergistic manner, and the challenges faced in progressing this research towards clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Simpson
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helena M Kelly
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Murphy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland.
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Bakr MM, Kelly WL, Brunt AR, Paterson BC, Massa HM, Morrison NA, Forwood MR. Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Accelerates Stress Fracture Healing More Effectively Following Cessation of Bisphosphonate Treatment. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10387. [PMID: 32995690 PMCID: PMC7507447 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bisphosphonates (BPs), including alendronate (ALN), have opposing effects on bone dynamics. The extent to which PTH remains effective in the treatment of stress fracture (SFx) in the presence of an ongoing BP treatment has not been tested. SFx was induced in 150 female Wistar rats, divided into five equal groups (n = 30). All rats were pretreated with ALN (1 μg/kg-1/day-1) for 14 days prior to SFx induction, followed by ALN cessation or continuation for the duration of the experiment; this was combined with daily PTH (8 μg/100 g-1/day-1) on SFx induction for 14 days, followed by cessation or continuation of ALN after SFx induction or an equivalent vehicle as a control. Ulnas were examined 2 weeks or 6 weeks following SFx. Two toluidine blue- and two tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained sections were examined for histomorphometric analysis using Osteomeasure software. There was a significant interaction between the effects of time and treatment type on the woven bone width and apposition rate, as well as an improvement in the woven bone architecture. However, woven bone variables remained unaffected by the cessation or continuation of ALN. Cessation of ALN increased osteoclast number when compared with the ALN-PTH continuation group (p = 0.006), and vehicle (p = 0.024) after 2 weeks. There was a significant interaction between the effects of time and treatment type on the number of osteoclasts per unit BMU area and length. The number of osteoclasts per unit BMU area and length was significantly greater in ALN cessation groups. It was concluded that intermittent short-duration iPTH treatment effectively increased remodeling of SFx with a concurrent BP treatment, provided that BP was ceased at the time of SFx. Our results could help develop shorter iPTH treatment protocols for the clinical management of SFxs and guide clinical decision-making to cease BP treatment in cases of SFx. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Bakr
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia.,School of Dentistry and Oral Health Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Wendy L Kelly
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Athena R Brunt
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Bradley C Paterson
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Helen M Massa
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Nigel A Morrison
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Mark R Forwood
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia
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17
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Leach K, Hannan FM, Josephs TM, Keller AN, Møller TC, Ward DT, Kallay E, Mason RS, Thakker RV, Riccardi D, Conigrave AD, Bräuner-Osborne H. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CVIII. Calcium-Sensing Receptor Nomenclature, Pharmacology, and Function. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:558-604. [PMID: 32467152 PMCID: PMC7116503 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.018531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class C G protein-coupled receptor that responds to multiple endogenous agonists and allosteric modulators, including divalent and trivalent cations, L-amino acids, γ-glutamyl peptides, polyamines, polycationic peptides, and protons. The CaSR plays a critical role in extracellular calcium (Ca2+ o) homeostasis, as demonstrated by the many naturally occurring mutations in the CaSR or its signaling partners that cause Ca2+ o homeostasis disorders. However, CaSR tissue expression in mammals is broad and includes tissues unrelated to Ca2+ o homeostasis, in which it, for example, regulates the secretion of digestive hormones, airway constriction, cardiovascular effects, cellular differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, although the CaSR is targeted clinically by the positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) cinacalcet, evocalcet, and etelcalcetide in hyperparathyroidism, it is also a putative therapeutic target in diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The CaSR is somewhat unique in possessing multiple ligand binding sites, including at least five putative sites for the "orthosteric" agonist Ca2+ o, an allosteric site for endogenous L-amino acids, two further allosteric sites for small molecules and the peptide PAM, etelcalcetide, and additional sites for other cations and anions. The CaSR is promiscuous in its G protein-coupling preferences, and signals via Gq/11, Gi/o, potentially G12/13, and even Gs in some cell types. Not surprisingly, the CaSR is subject to biased agonism, in which distinct ligands preferentially stimulate a subset of the CaSR's possible signaling responses, to the exclusion of others. The CaSR thus serves as a model receptor to study natural bias and allostery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a complex G protein-coupled receptor that possesses multiple orthosteric and allosteric binding sites, is subject to biased signaling via several different G proteins, and has numerous (patho)physiological roles. Understanding the complexities of CaSR structure, function, and biology will aid future drug discovery efforts seeking to target this receptor for a diversity of diseases. This review summarizes what is known to date regarding key structural, pharmacological, and physiological features of the CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Fadil M Hannan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Tracy M Josephs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Andrew N Keller
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Thor C Møller
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Donald T Ward
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Daniela Riccardi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
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Li GHY, Robinson-Cohen C, Sahni S, Au PCM, Tan KCB, Kung AWC, Cheung CL. Association of Genetic Variants Related to Serum Calcium Levels with Reduced Bone Mineral Density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5606940. [PMID: 31650181 PMCID: PMC7453037 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of serum calcium in bone metabolism is unknown, even though calcium/vitamin D supplementations have been widely used and are expected to improve bone health. We aim to determine the independent role of serum calcium in bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN AND SETTING Two epidemiological analyses with 5478 and 5556 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003 to 2006 and the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study (HKOS) to evaluate the cross-sectional association of serum calcium with BMD. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) studies using genetic variations as instrumental variables to infer causality. Summary statistics of genome-wide association study of serum calcium (N = 39 400) and lifelong whole-body BMD (N = 66 628) were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS In NHANES 2003-6 and HKOS, each standard deviation (SD) increase in serum calcium was significantly associated with 0.036-0.092 SD decrease in BMD at various sites (all P < .05). In multivariable inverse-variance weighted MR analysis, genetic predisposition to higher serum calcium level was inversely associated with whole-body BMD after adjustment for serum parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and phosphate (-0.431 SD per SD increase in serum calcium; 95% CI: -0.773 to -0.089, P = .014). Similar estimates were obtained in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that genetic predisposition to higher serum calcium level per se may have a negative impact on bone metabolism. Whether increased serum calcium caused by calcium/vitamin D supplementations would have the same negative effect on bone remains unknown, which warrants further investigation. In addition to other adverse clinical outcomes, careful use of high-dose supplementations is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Hoi-Yee Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shivani Sahni
- Marcus Institute, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip Chun-Ming Au
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kathryn Choon-Beng Tan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Annie Wai-Chee Kung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Ching-Lung Cheung, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. E-mail:
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Mazzaferro S, Pasquali M. Direct bone effects of calcimimetics in chronic kidney disease? Kidney Int 2019; 95:1012-1014. [PMID: 31010472 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcimimetics are widely used in patients on dialysis to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism. Our current view is that bone effects are only indirect through parathyroid hormone suppression. However, because bone cells express the calcium-sensing receptor, direct calcium-sensing receptor-mediated effects are also possible. New experimental data demonstrate direct anabolic bone actions of calcimimetics, independent of parathyroid hormone suppression. Because these effects could be clinically useful, further studies are necessary to confirm the validity of this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Mazzaferro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Ospedale Universitario Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
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Ge X, Li Z, Jing S, Wang Y, Li N, Lu J, Yu J. Parathyroid hormone enhances the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via ERK and P38 MAPK pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1209-1221. [PMID: 31276209 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a main systemic mediator of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the bone. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been extensively studied in the regeneration of bone and tooth tissues. This paper aims to uncover the influences of PTH on the proliferative ability and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, as well as the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The optimal concentration of PTH on DPSCs was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining and western blot analysis. Proliferative ability and cell cycle distribution of DPSCs were analyzed by Cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine assay, and flow cytometry. Osteo/odontogenic capacity of DPSCs was evaluated and finally, the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was assessed. RESULTS Purified DPSCs were obtained by enzymatic digestion, which presented a typical fibroblast-like morphology. 10-9 mol/L PTH was concerned as the optimal concentration for DPSCs induction. 10-9 mol/L PTH treatment did not change the proliferative rate of DPSCs (p > .05). Relative expressions of DSPP/DSPP, RUNX2/RUNX2, OSX/OSX, and ALP/ALP were upregulated in PTH-treated DPSCs relative to control group. Particularly, their mRNA/protein levels at Day 7 were markedly higher relative to those at Day 3 (p < .05 or p < .01). Mineralized nodules were formed after PTH induction, and calcium content increased by cetylpyridinium chloride quantitative analysis. Mechanistically, the protein levels of p-ERK and p-P38 significantly increased after PTH treatment, and the inhibitors targeting MAPK were identified that weakened the effects of PTH on the committed differentiation of DPSCs. CONCLUSIONS PTH enhances the osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity of DPSCs via ERK and P38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehan Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuanglin Jing
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiamin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Lei Q, Lin D, Huang WX, Wu D, Chen J. [Effects of calcium ion on the migration and osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblasts]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 36:602-608. [PMID: 30593103 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of calcium ion (Ca²⁺) on the migration and osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblasts and explore the proper concentration and correlation mechanism. METHODS A series of Ca²⁺ solutions with different concentrations was prepared. Osteoblast migration was assessed by Transwell assay, and proliferation was studied via the CCK-8 colorimetric assay. The mRNA expression of osteogenic genes was examined via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the mineralized nodule was examined by alizarin red-S method. After calcium sensitive receptor (CaSR) antagonism, Ca²⁺-induced migration and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed. RESULTS In the migration experiment, 2, 4, and 6 mmol·L⁻¹ Ca²⁺ could promoted osteoblast migration at three timepoints (8, 16, and 24 h), whereas 10 mmol·L⁻¹ Ca²⁺ considerably inhibited migration at 8 h. The Ca²⁺ concentration range of 2-10 mmol·L⁻¹ could promote proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of human osteoblasts. Moreover, mineralization was predominantly induced by 8 and 10 mmol·L⁻¹ Ca²⁺. CaSR antagonism could reduce Ca²⁺-induced migration and osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Low Ca²⁺ concentration favored osteoblast migration, whereas high Ca²⁺ concentration favored osteogenic differentiation. The Ca²⁺ concentrations of 4 and 6 mmol·L⁻¹ could substantially induce osteoblast migration and osteogenic differentiation, and the Ca²⁺-CaSR pathway participated in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lei
- Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Dong Lin
- Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Huang
- Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
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22
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Díaz-Tocados JM, Rodríguez-Ortiz ME, Almadén Y, Pineda C, Martínez-Moreno JM, Herencia C, Vergara N, Pendón-Ruiz de Mier MV, Santamaría R, Rodelo-Haad C, Casado-Díaz A, Lorenzo V, Carvalho C, Frazão JM, Felsenfeld AJ, Richards WG, Aguilera-Tejero E, Rodríguez M, López I, Muñoz-Castañeda JR. Calcimimetics maintain bone turnover in uremic rats despite the concomitant decrease in parathyroid hormone concentration. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1064-1078. [PMID: 30878213 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcimimetics decrease parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The decrease in PTH should cause a reduction in bone turnover; however, the direct effect of calcimimetics on bone cells, which express the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), has not been defined. In this study, we evaluated the direct bone effects of CaSR activation by a calcimimetic (AMG 641) in vitro and in vivo. To create a PTH "clamp," total parathyroidectomy was performed in rats with and without uremia induced by 5/6 nephrectomy, followed by a continuous subcutaneous infusion of PTH. Animals were then treated with either the calcimimetic or vehicle. Calcimimetic administration increased osteoblast number and osteoid volume in normal rats under a PTH clamp. In uremic rats, the elevated PTH concentration led to reduced bone volume and increased bone turnover, and calcimimetic administration decreased plasma PTH. In uremic rats exposed to PTH at 6-fold the usual replacement dose, calcimimetic administration increased osteoblast number, osteoid surface, and bone formation. A 9-fold higher dose of PTH caused an increase in bone turnover that was not altered by the administration of calcimimetic. In an osteosarcoma cell line, the calcimimetic induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation and the expression of osteoblast genes. The addition of a calcilytic resulted in the opposite effect. Moreover, the calcimimetic promoted the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Thus, calcimimetic administration has a direct anabolic effect on bone that counteracts the decrease in PTH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Díaz-Tocados
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María E Rodríguez-Ortiz
- Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Nephrology, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Diaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Almadén
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Internal Medicine Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium for the Area of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pineda
- University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julio M Martínez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Herencia
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Vergara
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Pendón-Ruiz de Mier
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Santamaría
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Rodelo-Haad
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Clinical Management Unit for Endocrinology and Nutrition, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; Network for Cooperative Research on Aging and Fragility (RETICEF) & Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium for the Area of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Lorenzo
- University Hospital of Tenerife, Nephrology Service, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Catarina Carvalho
- Braga Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; National Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João M Frazão
- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; National Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Nephrology, São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Arnold J Felsenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Mariano Rodríguez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio López
- University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan R Muñoz-Castañeda
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Guo Y, Yang X, He J, Liu J, Yang S, Dong H. Important roles of the Ca 2+-sensing receptor in vascular health and disease. Life Sci 2018; 209:217-227. [PMID: 30098342 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR), a member of G protein-coupled receptor family, is widely expressed in the vascular system, including perivascular neurons, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). When stimulated, CaSR can further increase the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in two ways: intracellular Ca2+ release from endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) and extracellular Ca2+ entry through Ca2+-permeable cation channels. In endothelium, increased Ca2+ subsequently activate nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (IKCa), resulting in vasodilation through NOS-mediated NO release or membrane hyperpolarization. In VSMCs, CaSR-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase causes blood vessel constriction. CaSR activation predominantly induces vasorelaxation of whole vascular tissues through VECs-dependent mechanisms; however, CaSR-induced Ca2+ signaling in VSMCs may play a braking role in CaSR-mediated vasorelaxation. Emerging evidence reveals the importance of CaSR in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. Here, we summarized recent advances in CaSR-mediated vascular reaction and the underlying mechanisms in different species, including humans. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that CaSR dysfunction may be associated with some fatal vascular diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, primary hypertension, diabetes, acute myocardial infarction and vascular calcification. With the advance of studies on CaSR in vascular health and disease, it is expected positive modulators or negative modulators of CaSR used for the treatment of specific diseases may be promising therapeutic options for the prevention and/or treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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24
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Santa Maria C, Cheng Z, Li A, Wang J, Shoback D, Tu CL, Chang W. Interplay between CaSR and PTH1R signaling in skeletal development and osteoanabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 49:11-23. [PMID: 26688334 PMCID: PMC4761456 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) controls the pace of pre- and post-natal growth plate development by activating the PTH1R in chondrocytes, while PTH maintains mineral and skeletal homeostasis by modulating calciotropic activities in kidneys, gut, and bone. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of family C, G protein-coupled receptor, which regulates mineral and skeletal homeostasis by controlling PTH secretion in parathyroid glands and Ca(2+) excretion in kidneys. Recent studies showed the expression of CaSR in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts and confirmed its non-redundant roles in modulating the recruitment, proliferation, survival, and differentiation of the cells. This review emphasizes the actions of CaSR and PTH1R signaling responses in cartilage and bone and discusses how these two signaling cascades interact to control growth plate development and maintain skeletal metabolism in physiological and pathological conditions. Lastly, novel therapeutic regimens that exploit interrelationship between the CaSR and PTH1R are proposed to produce more robust osteoanabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Santa Maria
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alfred Li
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiali Wang
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Shoback
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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