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Perales-Salinas V, Purushotham SS, Buskila Y. Curcumin as a potential therapeutic agent for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105790. [PMID: 38852825 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, posing a tremendous burden on health systems worldwide. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms for various neurodegenerative diseases are still unclear, a common pathological hallmark is the abundance of neuroinflammatory processes, which affect both disease onset and progression. In this review, we explore the pathways and role of neuroinflammation in various neurodegenerative diseases and further assess the potential use of curcumin, a natural spice with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that has been extensively used worldwide as a traditional medicine and potential therapeutic agent. Following the examination of preclinical and clinical studies that assessed curcumin as a potential therapeutic agent, we highlight the bioavailability of curcumin in the body and discuss both the challenges and benefits of using curcumin as a therapeutic compound for treating neurodegeneration. Although elucidating the involvement of curcumin in aging and neurodegeneration has great potential for developing future CNS-related therapeutic targets, further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms by which Curcumin affects brain physiology, especially BBB integrity, under both physiological and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yossi Buskila
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia; The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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2
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Azzini E, Peña-Corona SI, Hernández-Parra H, Chandran D, Saleena LAK, Sawikr Y, Peluso I, Dhumal S, Kumar M, Leyva-Gómez G, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in Alzheimer's disease: Targeting neuroinflammation strategies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3169-3189. [PMID: 38616356 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to neuronal loss. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa, has shown potential neuroprotective effects due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review aims to synthesize current preclinical data on the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of curcumin in the context of AD, addressing its pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and potential as a therapeutic adjunct. An exhaustive literature search was conducted, focusing on recent studies within the last 10 years related to curcumin's impact on neuroinflammation and its neuroprotective role in AD. The review methodology included sourcing articles from specialized databases using specific medical subject headings terms to ensure precision and relevance. Curcumin demonstrates significant neuroprotective properties by modulating neuroinflammatory pathways, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Despite its potential, challenges remain regarding its limited bioavailability and the scarcity of comprehensive human clinical trials. Curcumin emerges as a promising therapeutic adjunct in AD due to its multimodal neuroprotective benefits. However, further research is required to overcome challenges related to bioavailability and to establish effective dosing regimens in human subjects. Developing novel delivery systems and formulations may enhance curcumin's therapeutic potential in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Azzini
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | - Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Héctor Hernández-Parra
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Yousef Sawikr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine University of Ajdabiya, Ajdabiya, Libya
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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3
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Cannarella R, Crafa A, Curto R, Condorelli RA, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Obesity and male fertility disorders. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101273. [PMID: 38593513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Often associated with obesity, male infertility represents a widespread condition that challenges the wellbeing of the couple. In this article, we provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of studies exploring the association between obesity and male reproductive function, to evaluate the frequency of this association, and establish the effects of increased body weight on conventional and biofunctional sperm parameters and infertility. In an attempt to find possible molecular markers of infertility in obese male patients, the numerous mechanisms responsible for infertility in overweight/obese patients are reviewed in depth. These include obesity-related functional hypogonadism, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, adipokines, irisin, gut hormones, gut microbiome, and sperm transcriptome. According to meta-analytic evidence, excessive body weight negatively influences male reproductive health. This can occurr through a broad array of molecular mechanisms. Some of these are not yet fully understood and need to be further elucidated in the future. A better understanding of the effects of metabolic disorders on spermatogenesis and sperm fertilizing capacity is very useful for identifying new diagnostic markers and designing therapeutic strategies for better clinical management of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrea Crafa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Curto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Kmail A. Mitigating digestive disorders: Action mechanisms of Mediterranean herbal active compounds. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220857. [PMID: 38645751 PMCID: PMC11032100 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effects of the Mediterranean diet, herbal remedies, and their phytochemicals on various gastrointestinal conditions and reviews the global use of medicinal plants for common digestive problems. The review highlights key plants and their mechanisms of action and summarizes the latest findings on how plant-based products influence the digestive system and how they work. We searched various sources of literature and databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and MedlinePlus. Our focus was on gathering relevant papers published between 2013 and August 2023. Certain plants exhibit potential in preventing or treating digestive diseases and cancers. Notable examples include Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Cynodon dactylon, and Vaccinium myrtillus. The phytochemical analysis of the plants showed that compounds such as quercetin, anthocyanins, curcumin, phenolics, isoflavones glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins constitute the main active substances within these plants. These natural remedies have the potential to enhance the digestive system and alleviate pain and discomfort in patients. However, further research is imperative to comprehensively evaluate the benefits and safety of herbal medicines to use their active ingredients for the development of natural and effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalsalam Kmail
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University Jenin, P. O. Box 240, Jenin, Palestine
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García-Trejo SS, Gómez-Sierra T, Eugenio-Pérez D, Medina-Campos ON, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Protective Effect of Curcumin on D-Galactose-Induced Senescence and Oxidative Stress in LLC-PK1 and HK-2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:415. [PMID: 38671863 PMCID: PMC11047423 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
D-galactose has been widely used as an inducer of cellular senescence and pathophysiological processes related to aging because it induces oxidative stress. On the other hand, the consumption of antioxidants such as curcumin can be an effective strategy to prevent phenotypes related to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as aging and senescence. This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of curcumin on senescence and oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by D-galactose treatment in Lilly Laboratories Culture-Porcine Kidney 1 (LLC-PK1) and human kidney 2 (HK-2) proximal tubule cell lines from pig and human, respectively. For senescence induction, cells were treated with 300 mM D-galactose for 120 h and, to evaluate the protective effect of the antioxidant, cells were treated with 5 µM curcumin for 24 h and subsequently treated with curcumin + D-galactose for 120 h. In LLC-PK1 cells, curcumin treatment decreased by 20% the number of cells positive for senescence-associated (SA)-β-D-galactosidase staining and by 25% the expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and increased by 40% lamin B1 expression. In HK-2 cells, curcumin treatment increased by 60% the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, 50% Klotho levels, and 175% catalase activity. In both cell lines, this antioxidant decreased the production of ROS (20% decrease for LLC-PK1 and 10 to 20% for HK-2). These data suggest that curcumin treatment has a moderate protective effect on D-galactose-induced senescence in LLC-PK1 and HK-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.S.G.-T.); (T.G.-S.); (D.E.-P.); (O.N.M.-C.)
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6
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Azargoonjahromi A, Abutalebian F. Unraveling the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol in Alzheimer's disease: an umbrella review of systematic evidence. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:15. [PMID: 38504306 PMCID: PMC10953289 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Resveratrol (RV), a natural compound found in grapes, berries, and peanuts, has been extensively studied for its potential in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). RV has shown promise in inhibiting the formation of beta-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), protecting against neuronal damage and oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, promoting neuroprotection, and improving the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, conflicting results have been reported, necessitating a comprehensive umbrella review of systematic reviews to provide an unbiased conclusion on the therapeutic effectiveness of RV in AD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to systematically synthesize and evaluate systematic and meta-analysis reviews investigating the role of RV in AD using data from both human and animal studies. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION Of the 34 systematic and meta-analysis reviews examining the association between RV and AD that were collected, six were included in this study based on specific selection criteria. To identify pertinent studies, a comprehensive search was conducted in English-language peer-reviewed journals without any restrictions on the publication date until October 15, 2023. The search was carried out across multiple databases, including Embase, MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, utilizing appropriate terms relevant to the specific research field. The AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS tools were also used to evaluate the quality and risk of bias of the included systematic reviews, respectively. Two researchers independently extracted and analyzed the data, resolving any discrepancies through consensus. Of note, the study adhered to the PRIOR checklist. DATA ANALYSIS This umbrella review presented robust evidence supporting the positive impacts of RV in AD, irrespective of the specific mechanisms involved. It indeed indicated that all six systematic and meta-analysis reviews unanimously concluded that the consumption of RV can be effective in the treatment of AD. CONCLUSION RV exhibits promising potential for benefiting individuals with AD through various mechanisms. It has been observed to enhance cognitive function, reduce Aβ accumulation, provide neuroprotection, protect the BBB, support mitochondrial function, facilitate synaptic plasticity, stabilize tau proteins, mitigate oxidative stress, and reduce neuroinflammation commonly associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Abutalebian
- Department of Biotechnology and Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Fathima A, Bagang N, Kumar N, Dastidar SG, Shenoy S. Role of SIRT1 in Potentially Toxic Trace Elements (Lead, Fluoride, Aluminum and Cadmium) Associated Neurodevelopmental Toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04116-5. [PMID: 38416341 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The formation of the central nervous system is a meticulously planned and intricate process. Any modification to this process has the potential to disrupt the structure and operation of the brain, which could result in deficiencies in neurological growth. When neurotoxic substances are present during the early stages of development, they can be exceptionally dangerous. Prenatally, the immature brain is extremely vulnerable and is therefore at high risk in pregnant women associated with occupational exposures. Lead, fluoride, aluminum, and cadmium are examples of possibly toxic trace elements that have been identified as an environmental concern in the aetiology of a number of neurological and neurodegenerative illnesses. SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family has received most attention for its potential neuroprotective properties. SIRT1 is an intriguing therapeutic target since it demonstrates important functions to increase neurogenesis and cellular lifespan by modulating multiple pathways. It promotes axonal extension, neurite growth, and dendritic branching during the development of neurons. Additionally, it contributes to neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, memory development, and neuroprotection. This review summarizes the possible role of SIRT1 signalling pathway in potentially toxic trace elements -induced neurodevelopmental toxicity, highlighting some molecular pathways such as mitochondrial biogenesis, CREB/BDNF and PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Fathima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Newly Bagang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial area Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Somasish Ghosh Dastidar
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Andrés CMC, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Juan CA, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. Antioxidant Metabolism Pathways in Vitamins, Polyphenols, and Selenium: Parallels and Divergences. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2600. [PMID: 38473850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Free radicals (FRs) are unstable molecules that cause reactive stress (RS), an imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the body and its ability to neutralize them. These species are generated by both internal and external factors and can damage cellular lipids, proteins, and DNA. Antioxidants prevent or slow down the oxidation process by interrupting the transfer of electrons between substances and reactive agents. This is particularly important at the cellular level because oxidation reactions lead to the formation of FR and contribute to various diseases. As we age, RS accumulates and leads to organ dysfunction and age-related disorders. Polyphenols; vitamins A, C, and E; and selenoproteins possess antioxidant properties and may have a role in preventing and treating certain human diseases associated with RS. In this review, we explore the current evidence on the potential benefits of dietary supplementation and investigate the intricate connection between SIRT1, a crucial regulator of aging and longevity; the transcription factor NRF2; and polyphenols, vitamins, and selenium. Finally, we discuss the positive effects of antioxidant molecules, such as reducing RS, and their potential in slowing down several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Diniz MS, Magalhães CC, Tocantins C, Grilo LF, Teixeira J, Pereira SP. Nurturing through Nutrition: Exploring the Role of Antioxidants in Maternal Diet during Pregnancy to Mitigate Developmental Programming of Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4623. [PMID: 37960276 PMCID: PMC10649237 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases represent one of the major causes of death worldwide. It has been suggested that pregnancy-related conditions, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), maternal obesity (MO), and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) induce an adverse intrauterine environment, increasing the offspring's predisposition to chronic diseases later in life. Research has suggested that mitochondrial function and oxidative stress may play a role in the developmental programming of chronic diseases. Having this in mind, in this review, we include evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are mechanisms by which GDM, MO, and IUGR program the offspring to chronic diseases. In this specific context, we explore the promising advantages of maternal antioxidant supplementation using compounds such as resveratrol, curcumin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and Mitoquinone (MitoQ) in addressing the metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress associated with GDM, MO, and IUGR in fetoplacental and offspring metabolic health. This approach holds potential to mitigate developmental programming-related risk of chronic diseases, serving as a probable intervention for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S. Diniz
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carina C. Magalhães
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Tocantins
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F. Grilo
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Wiciński M, Erdmann J, Nowacka A, Kuźmiński O, Michalak K, Janowski K, Ohla J, Biernaciak A, Szambelan M, Zabrzyński J. Natural Phytochemicals as SIRT Activators-Focus on Potential Biochemical Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:3578. [PMID: 37630770 PMCID: PMC10459499 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of proteins with enzymatic activity. There are seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) that are found in different cellular compartments. They are a part of crucial cellular pathways and are regulated by many factors, such as chemicals, environmental stress, and phytochemicals. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have presented their involvement in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic processes. Recent findings imply that phytochemicals such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, fisetin, berberine, and kaempferol may regulate the activity of sirtuins. Resveratrol mainly activates SIRT1 and indirectly activates AMPK. Curcumin influences mainly SIRT1 and SIRT3, but its activity is broad, and many pathways in different cells are affected. Quercetin mainly modulates SIRT1, which triggers antioxidant and antiapoptotic responses. Fisetin, through SIRT1 regulation, modifies lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory processes. Berberine has a wide spectrum of effects and a significant impact on SIRT1 signaling pathways. Finally, kaempferol triggers anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through SIRT1 induction. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the properties of phytochemicals in the modulation of sirtuin activity, with a particular focus on biochemical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Jakub Erdmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Nowacka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Oskar Kuźmiński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Klaudia Michalak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Kacper Janowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Jakub Ohla
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Biernaciak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Monika Szambelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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11
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An SY, Kim KS, Lee YC, Kim SH. Transcription of human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) is downregulated by curcumin through AMPK signaling in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:901-909. [PMID: 37231294 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we observed that in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells mRNA level of the human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) was decreased by curcumin. FACS analysis using the α2,6-sialyl-specific lectin (SNA) also showed a noticeable decrease in binding to SNA by curcumin. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism for curcumin-triggered downregulation of hST6Gal I transcription. METHODS The mRNA levels of nine kinds of hST genes were assessed by RT-PCR after curcumin was treated in HCT116 cells. The level of hST6Gal I product on cell surface was examined by flow cytometry analysis. Luciferase reporter plasmids with 5'-deleted constructs and mutants of the hST6Gal I promoter were transiently transfected into HCT116 cells, and the luciferase activity was measured after treatment with curcumin. RESULTS Curcumin led to significant transcriptional repression of the hST6Gal I promoter. Promoter analysis using deletion mutants proved that the - 303 to - 189 region of the hST6Gal I promoter is required for transcriptional repression in response to curcumin. Among putative binding sites for transcription factors IK2, GATA1, TCF12, TAL1/E2A, SPT, and SL1 in this region, by site-directed mutagenesis analysis the TAL/E2A binding site (nucleotides - 266/- 246) was proved to be crucial for curcumin-triggered downregulation of hST6Gal I transcription in HCT116 cells. The transcription activity of hST6Gal I gene in HCT116 cells was markedly suppressed by compound C, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. CONCLUSION These indicate that gene expression of hST6Gal I in HCT116 cells is controlled through AMPK/TAL/E2A signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young An
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sook Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Young-Choon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea.
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, South Korea.
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Gao L, Liu X, Luo X, Lou X, Li P, Li X, Liu X. Antiaging effects of dietary supplements and natural products. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1192714. [PMID: 37441528 PMCID: PMC10333707 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1192714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process influenced by genetics, lifestyles, and environments. With the rapid social and economic development in recent decades, the proportion of the elderly has increased rapidly worldwide, and many aging-related diseases have shown an upward trend, including nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. The rising burden of aging-related diseases has become an urgent global health challenge and requires immediate attention and solutions. Natural products have been used for a long time to treat various human diseases. The primary cellular pathways that mediate the longevity-extending effects of natural products involve nutrient-sensing pathways. Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways are most widely studied. Several studies have reviewed the effects of individual natural compounds on aging and aging-related diseases along with the underlying mechanisms. Natural products from food sources, such as polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, are classified as antiaging compounds that promote health and prolong life via various mechanisms. In this article, we have reviewed several recently identified natural products with potential antiaging properties and have highlighted their cellular and molecular mechanisms. The discovery and use of dietary supplements and natural products that can prevent and treat multiple aging-related diseases in humans will be beneficial. Thus, this review provides theoretical background for existing dietary supplements and natural products as potential antiaging agents.
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Ali EA, Tayel SG, Abbas MA. Sitagliptin ameliorates busulfan-induced pulmonary and testicular injury in rats through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic effects. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9794. [PMID: 37328499 PMCID: PMC10275920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Busulfan (BUS) is an anticancer agent with serious adverse effects on various body organs, including the lung and testis. Sitagliptin was proven to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic effects. This study aims to evaluate whether sitagliptin, a DPP4I, ameliorates BUS-induced pulmonary and testicular injury in rats. Male Wistar rats were split into control, sitagliptin (10 mg/kg), BUS (30 mg/kg), and sitagliptin + BUS groups. Weight change, lung and testis indices, serum testosterone, sperm parameters, markers of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH)], inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)], and relative expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and forkhead box protein type O1 (FOXO1) genes were estimated. Histopathological examination of lung and testicular tissues was done to detect architectural changes [Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E)], fibrosis (Masson's trichrome), and apoptosis (caspase-3). Sitagliptin treatment reduced body weight loss, lung index, lung and testis MDA, serum TNF-α and sperm abnormal morphology, and increased testis index, lung and testis GSH, serum testosterone, sperm count, viability and motility. SIRT1/FOXO1 balance was restored. Also, sitagliptin attenuated fibrosis and apoptosis in lung and testicular tissues via reducing collagen deposition and caspase-3 expression. Accordingly, sitagliptin ameliorated BUS-induced pulmonary and testicular damage in rats via attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Ali
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Sara G Tayel
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mona A Abbas
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Sharma A, Chabloz S, Lapides RA, Roider E, Ewald CY. Potential Synergistic Supplementation of NAD+ Promoting Compounds as a Strategy for Increasing Healthspan. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020445. [PMID: 36678315 PMCID: PMC9861325 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted biological function, manifesting through the hallmarks of aging, poses one of the largest threats to healthspan and risk of disease development, such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular ailments, and neurodegeneration. In recent years, numerous geroprotectors, senolytics, and other nutraceuticals have emerged as potential disruptors of aging and may be viable interventions in the immediate state of human longevity science. In this review, we focus on the decrease in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) with age and the supplementation of NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinamide riboside (NR), in combination with other geroprotective compounds, to restore NAD+ levels present in youth. Furthermore, these geroprotectors may enhance the efficacy of NMN supplementation while concurrently providing their own numerous health benefits. By analyzing the prevention of NAD+ degradation through the inhibition of CD38 or supporting protective downstream agents of SIRT1, we provide a potential framework of the CD38/NAD+/SIRT1 axis through which geroprotectors may enhance the efficacy of NAD+ precursor supplementation and reduce the risk of age-related diseases, thereby potentiating healthspan in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arastu Sharma
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zürich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- AVEA Life AG, Bahnhofplatz, 6300 Zug, Switzerland
| | | | - Rebecca A. Lapides
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Elisabeth Roider
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Maximon AG, Bahnhofplatz, 6300 Zug, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y. Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zürich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Damayanti IP, Susilaningsih N, Nugroho T, Suhartono S, Suryono S, Susanto H, Suwondo A, Mahati E. The Effect of Curcumin Nanoparticles on Paracetamol-induced Liver Injury in Male Wistar Rats. Pharm Nanotechnol 2023; 11:493-503. [PMID: 37264664 DOI: 10.2174/2211738511666230601105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curcumin is a naturally occurring compound that has antioxidant properties, acts as a hepatoprotective, and lowers lipid peroxidation. However, curcumin's low solubility and bioavailability are its primary drawbacks and prevent its use as a therapeutic agent. In this study, curcumin nanoparticles will be created using the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, and their effectiveness against paracetamol-induced changes in ALT, AST, SOD, MDA, and TNF-α will be compared to that of pure curcumin. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin nanoparticles in paracetamol- induced rats as a model for liver injury. METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar rats, aged 6 to 8 weeks, with a minimum weight of 120 grams, were used in an experimental laboratory investigation with a post-test-only group design. Rats in each group received 100 mg/kgBW pure curcumin, 100 mg/kgBW curcumin nanoparticles, and 50 mg/kgBW curcumin nanoparticles for 7 days before paracetamol induction. On day 8, 300 mg/kgBW of paracetamol was intraperitoneally injected to cause liver damage. One of the groups received NAC as an antidote 10 hours after paracetamol induction. Detection of ALT and AST using a Chemistry Analyzer. ELISA approach for the detection of SOD, MDA, and TNF-α. The Roenigk score was calculated by two examiners after the liver histopathology preparations were stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Post hoc analyses were performed after the One Way Annova and Kruskal Wallis tests to examine the data. RESULTS According to PSA results, the smallest formula that formed curcumin nanoparticles (10.2 nm) was 8 g of curcumin formula mixed with a mixture of Tween 20 4.5 ml, Kolliphor EL 1.5 ml, Propylene Glycol 1.5 ml, and Capryol 90 1 ml for 21 minutes using an ultrasonic process. MDA and TNF-α levels, as well as the liver's histological Roenigk score, were significantly lower in the 100 mg/kgBB pure curcumin group (C100) when compared to the model group (model). The levels of AST, MDA, TNF-α, and the liver histopathology score were significantly lower in the 100 mg/kgBB (NC100) and 50 mg/kgBB (NC50) curcumin nanoparticle groups compared to the model group (model) and pure curcumin group (C100) (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Curcumin nanoparticles showed better hepatoprotective ability than pure curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Putri Damayanti
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Neni Susilaningsih
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Trilaksana Nugroho
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Suhartono Suhartono
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Suryono Suryono
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Hardhono Susanto
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Ari Suwondo
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Endang Mahati
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
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Bańkowski S, Petr M, Rozpara M, Sadowska-Krępa E. Effect of 6-week curcumin supplementation on aerobic capacity, antioxidant status and sirtuin 3 level in middle-aged amateur long-distance runners. Redox Rep 2022; 27:186-192. [PMID: 36125053 PMCID: PMC9518241 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2123882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of 6-week supplementation with a daily dose of 2g of curcumin on VO2max and prooxidant/antioxidant homeostasis in middle-aged amateur long-distance runners during the preparatory period of the macrocycle. Methods Thirty runners were randomly assigned to a placebo group (PL) and a curcumin-supplemented group (CU). Their VO2max was assessed before supplementation and after 6 weeks of supplementation. Venous blood samples were collected from the participants at rest, immediately after exercise, and after 1h of recovery to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx), non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH, UA) and sirtuin 3 level (SIRT 3), as well as the levels of oxidative stress markers (TOS/TOC, MDA, and 8-OHdG) and muscle damage markers (CK, LDH, and Mb). Results VO2max, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants, the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants, the levels of oxidative stress markers, and the levels of muscle damage markers did not change significantly in the CU group over 6 weeks of supplementation with curcumin. However, the resting concentration of SIRT 3 was found to be significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) compared with pre-supplementation. Conclusion Curcumin supplementation does not have a significant effect on VO2max and prooxidant/antioxidant homeostasis in runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bańkowski
- Institute of Sport Sciences, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michał Rozpara
- Institute of Sport Sciences, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Sadowska-Krępa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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Kadry MO, Ammar NM, Hassan HA, Abdel Megeed RM. Insights on attenuating autophagy cellular and molecular pathways versus methotrexate-induced toxicity via liposomal turmeric therapy. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:147. [DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Methotrexate (MX), a competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, can inhibit DNA and RNA production and is a powerful anticancer agent widely utilized in clinical practice for treating nonneoplastic maladies, as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis; meanwhile, its probable prescription dose and interval of administration are strictly limited due to dose-related organ damage. Former studies verified that kidney, brain, liver, and lung harms are prospective obstacles of methotrexate administration. To understand the machinery of methotrexate-prompt toxicity, various mechanisms were investigated. The former is an autophagy defense mechanism; autophagy is a self-digesting mechanism responsible for the removal of damaged organelles and malformed proteins by lysosome. The contemporary article hypothesized that turmeric or its liposomal analog could defeat autophagy of MX-induced acute toxicity. Methotrexate, in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, was administered intravenously followed by turmeric and liposomal turmeric treatment in a dose of 5 mg/kg for 30 days in rats.
Results
Increment in autophagy (AUTP) consent by MX administration was attenuated by concurrent treatment via turmeric and liposomal turmeric that was reliable on the alteration in apoptotic markers. The assembly of FOXO-3 in serum post methotrexate administration was suppressed by concurrent treatment via liposomal turmeric. Apoptosis/autophagic marker investigation was evaluated through the gene expression of Bax (BCL2-associated X protein)/Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2)/P53 (tumor protein P53)/SiRT-1 (sirtuin silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1) and FOXO-3 (forkhead box transcription factor-3)/ERDJ-4 (endoplasmic reticulum localized DnaJ homologs)/BNP (brain natriuretic peptide B) signaling. The cell death of all cells was categorized to achieve autophagy. Interestingly, Bax/Bcl2/P53/SiRT-1 signaling pathways were downregulated, contributing to inhibiting the initiation of autophagy. Meanwhile, FOXO-3/BNP/ERDJ-4 reduction-implicated noncanonical autophagy pathways were involved in methotrexate-induced autophagy, whereas this change was suppressed when turmeric was administered in liposomal form.
Conclusion
These outcomes recommended that liposomal turmeric prevents MX-induced acute toxicity through its autophagy, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties.
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The mechanism of ferroptosis regulating oxidative stress in ischemic stroke and the regulation mechanism of natural pharmacological active components. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113611. [PMID: 36081288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic stroke, pose serious medical challenges worldwide due to their high morbidity and mortality and limitations in clinical treatment strategies. Studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammation, excitotoxicity, and programmed cell death of each neurovascular unit during post-stroke hypoxia and reperfusion play an important role in the pathological cascade. Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death characterized by iron-regulated accumulation of lipid peroxidation, is caused by abnormal metabolism of lipids, glutathione (GSH), and iron, and can accelerate acute central nervous system injury. Recent studies have gradually uncovered the pathological process of ferroptosis in the neurovascular unit of acute stroke. Some drugs such as iron chelators, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) can protect nerves after neurovascular unit injury in acute stroke by inhibiting ferroptosis. In addition, combined with our previous studies on ferroptosis mediated by natural compounds in ischemic stroke, this review summarized the progress in the regulation mechanism of natural chemical components and herbal chemical components on ferroptosis in recent years, in order to provide reference information for future research on ferroptosis and lead compounds for the development of ferroptosis inhibitors.
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Stamerra CA, Di Giosia P, Giorgini P, Ferri C, Sukhorukov VN, Sahebkar A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Emerging Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9530007. [PMID: 35958017 PMCID: PMC9363184 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9530007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria ensure the supply of cellular energy through the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. The alteration of this process, called mitochondrial dysfunction, leads to a reduction in ATP and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by mitochondrial/nuclear DNA mutations, or it can be secondary to pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, aging, and environmental stress. The use of therapies aimed at the prevention/correction of mitochondrial dysfunction, in the context of the specific treatment of cardiovascular diseases, is a topic of growing interest. In this context, the data are conflicting since preclinical studies are numerous, but there are no large randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Andrea Stamerra
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazzoni Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Giosia
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazzoni Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgini
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ungurianu A, Zanfirescu A, Margină D. Regulation of Gene Expression through Food—Curcumin as a Sirtuin Activity Modulator. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131741. [PMID: 35807694 PMCID: PMC9269530 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sirtuin family comprises NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylases, mammalian sirtuins being either nuclear (SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT6, and SIRT7), mitochondrial (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) or cytosolic enzymes (SIRT2 and SIRT5). They are able to catalyze direct metabolic reactions, thus regulating several physiological functions, such as energy metabolism, stress response, inflammation, cell survival, DNA repair, tissue regeneration, neuronal signaling, and even circadian rhythms. Based on these data, recent research was focused on finding molecules that could regulate sirtuins’ expression and/or activity, natural compounds being among the most promising in the field. Curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) can induce, through SIRT, modulation of cancer cell senescence, improve endothelial cells protection against atherosclerotic factors, enhance muscle regeneration in atrophy models, and act as a pro-longevity factor counteracting the neurotoxicity of amyloid-beta. Although a plethora of protective effects was reported (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, etc.), its therapeutical use is limited due to its bioavailability issues. However, all the reported effects may be explained via the bioactivation theory, which postulates that curcumin’s observed actions are modulated via its metabolites and/or degradation products. The present article is focused on bringing together the literature data correlating the ability of curcumin and its metabolites to modulate SIRT activity and its consequent beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Ungurianu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (A.U.); (D.M.)
| | - Anca Zanfirescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Denisa Margină
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (A.U.); (D.M.)
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Othman N, Gheith O, Al-Otaibi T, Said T, Halim MA, Elserwy N, Nagib AM, Mahmoud F, Abduo H, Jahromi M. Effect of Structured Diabetes Education on Diabetic Angiopathies Among Kidney Transplant Recipients With Posttransplant Diabetes: Kuwait Experience. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2022; 20:46-54. [PMID: 35384807 DOI: 10.6002/ect.mesot2021.o19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes knowledge among kidney transplant recipients with posttransplant diabetes has not been exhaustively assessed. Here, we evaluated the effects of structured diabetes education on development of diabetic micro- and macroangiopathies in kidney transplant patients with posttransplant diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective randomized controlled study categorized 210 renal transplant patients with posttransplant diabetes mellitus into 2:1 groups according to type of diabetes education. Group 1 (n = 140) received structured education, and group 2 (n = 70) received conventional education. Patient data were collected through patient identification and metabolic control parameter forms. RESULTS Most patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively, were Kuwaiti (60.7% vs 58.6%), men (57.9% vs 68.6%), and had high school-level education (43.6% vs 48.6%). Chronic glomerulonephritis was the original disease in 36.4% versus 35.4% of patients. Most patients (72.8% vs 78.6% in group 1 vs 2) received pretransplant hemodialysis. At study start, the rate of patients with diabetic neuropathy was comparable between groups (32.4% vs 27.9%). Moreover, after completion of 24 months of education, neurological evaluation by electromyograph and nerve conduction studies did not show any significant differences between the groups (P > .05). Similarly, the number of patients with fundus imaging showing retinopathy was comparable between groups at start and end of study (P > .05). Although macroangiopathic events were higher in group 1, this finding was not significant (P > .05). However, although the percentage of patients with nephropathy was comparable in both groups at start of study, the percentage decreased significantly in group 1 at 24 months after completion of education compared with group 2 and baseline value (P = .016). CONCLUSIONS Structured diabetes education was associated with reduced diabetic nephropathy but had no significant effects on other micro- or macroangiopathies. However, we recommend education for all kidney transplant recipients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Othman
- From the Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,From the Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Kalhori A, Rafraf M, Navekar R, Ghaffari A, Jafarabadi MA. Effect of Turmeric Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Serum Levels of Sirtuin 1 and Adiponectin in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:37-44. [PMID: 35465117 PMCID: PMC9007706 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly associated with obesity. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of turmeric on serum adiponectin and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) in patients with NAFLD. A total of 46 eligible patients with NAFLD (BMI, 25.0∼39.9 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to turmeric and placebo groups using block randomization. The turmeric group (n=23) was administered 3,000 mg/d turmeric powder in six 500-mg capsules for 12 weeks, whereas the placebo group (n=23) was administered six placebo capsules/d for 12 weeks. Body weight, BMI, serum SIRT1 and adiponectin levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after intervention. Serum SIRT1 levels increased significantly in the turmeric group compared with the placebo group. Additionally, participants in the turmeric group exhibited lower weight, BMI, and systolic blood pressure after 12 weeks of intervention compared with the baseline. Turmeric effectively improved SIRT1 levels in patients with NAFLD compared with the placebo. The efficacy of turmeric might increase with long-term use at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kalhori
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Maryam Rafraf
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14711, Iran
| | - Roya Navekar
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14711, Iran
| | - Aida Ghaffari
- Department of Nutrition Science, Islamic Azad University-Sarab Branch, Sarab, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran
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Bahrami A, Montecucco F, Carbone F, Sahebkar A. Effects of Curcumin on Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Evidence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8972074. [PMID: 34692844 PMCID: PMC8528582 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8972074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive inability to maintain homeostasis, self-repair, renewal, performance, and fitness of different tissues throughout the lifespan. Senescence is occurring following enormous intracellular or extracellular stress stimuli. Cellular senescence serves as an antiproliferative process that causes permanent cell cycle arrest and restricts the lifespan. Senescent cells are characterized by terminal cell cycle arrest, enlarged lysosome, and DNA double-strand breaks as well as lipofuscin granularity, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci, and activation of DNA damage response. Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol, is a bioactive chemical constituent of the rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn (turmeric), which has been extensively used for the alleviation of various human disorders. In addition to its pleiotropic effects, curcumin has been suggested to have antiaging features. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic potential of curcumin in the prevention and delaying of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Clinical Research Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Azizian-Farsani F, Osuchowski M, Abedpoor N, Forootan FS, Derakhshan M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Sheikhha MH, Ghaedi K. Anti-inflammatory and -apoptotic effects of a long-term herbal extract treatment on DSS-induced colitis in mice fed with high AGEs-fat diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:77. [PMID: 34380504 PMCID: PMC8359107 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with many comorbidities including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated prophylactic effects of an herbal extract (HE) on the DSS-induced colitis mice challenged with high AGEs-fat diet 60% (HFD). Methods Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with either HFD (8 groups, 6 mice in each group), or normal diet (ND) (8 groups, 6 mice in each group). After 6 weeks, animals received HE (combination of turmeric, ginger, boswellia and cat’s claw extract) for 7 weeks in three doses (high dose (0.6 mg/g); low dose (0.15 mg/g) and mid dose (0.3 mg/g)). Next, mice were subjected to 2.5% DSS in drinking water. Control mice received ND and instead of HE and DSS they received distilled water. Obesity index markers were determined, H&E staining and TUNEL assay evaluated apoptosis. Colonic expressions of IL-6, RAGE, AGER1, Sirt1, Bax, Bcl2, ZO-1 and P53 were determined.
Results HE ameliorated colitis in HFD mice by reducing colonic myeloperoxidase activity (by 2.3-fold), macrophage accumulation (by 2.6-fold) and mRNA expression of IL-6 (by 2.3-fold) in HFD mice. Moreover, HE restored ZO-1 (by 2.7-fold), prevented apoptosis and maintained immune homeostasis. HE reduced activation of NF-κB protein (by 1.3-fold) through decreasing RAGE (by 1.93-fold) and up-regulation of Sirt1 (by 7.71-fold) and prevented down-regulation of DDOST (by 6.6-fold) in HFD mice. Conclusions HE ameliorated colitis in prophylactic in HFD mice and it was, at least partly, due to the restoration of the gut integrity, suppression of inflammation and apoptosis via modulation of colonic Sirt1, RAGE and DDOST signaling. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00603-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical and Experimental Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan, Salman Streets, 816513-1378, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzad Seyed Forootan
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan, Salman Streets, 816513-1378, Isfahan, Iran.,Legal Medicine research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan, Salman Streets, 816513-1378, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Sq., 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
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Genomics of aging: The role of sirtuin and metabolic health. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2021; 33:345-347. [PMID: 33930006 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Healthy aging is not the result of a single factor. Genes, dietary choices/options, exercise, and environmental exposures all play a role. A family of seven nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent sirtuin proteins are very involved in various metabolic functions, such as glucose and fat regulation, and polymorphisms in these genes have been associated with the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and longevity. Nutraceuticals (i.e., resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol, and curcumin) and other therapies (i.e., synthetic sirtuin-activating compounds, NAD, nicotinamide mononucleotide) are all being explored as in potential therapies in the sirtuin pathway and point to promising treatments to promote metabolic health and reduce obesity and age-related disease. For the clinician looking to reduce the risk of age-related metabolic disorders, evidence points to these supplements and appropriate food choices as the next generation of pharmaceutical grade therapies continue to be researched for human use.
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Oz M, Lorke DE, Kabbani N. A comprehensive guide to the pharmacologic regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107750. [PMID: 33275999 PMCID: PMC7854082 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has prompted scientists to address an urgent need for defining mechanisms of disease pathology and treatment. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent for COVID-19, employs angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its primary target for cell surface attachment and likely entry into the host cell. Thus, understanding factors that may regulate the expression and function of ACE2 in the healthy and diseased body is critical for clinical intervention. Over 66% of all adults in the United States are currently using a prescription drug and while earlier findings have focused on possible upregulation of ACE2 expression through the use of renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, mounting evidence suggests that various other widely administered drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemias, coagulation disorders, and pulmonary disease may also present a varied risk for COVID-19. Specifically, we summarize mechanisms on how heparin, statins, steroids and phytochemicals, besides their established therapeutic effects, may also interfere with SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells. We also describe evidence on the effect of several vitamins, phytochemicals, and naturally occurring compounds on ACE2 expression and activity in various tissues and disease models. This comprehensive review aims to provide a timely compendium on the potential impact of commonly prescribed drugs and pharmacologically active compounds on COVID-19 pathology and risk through regulation of ACE2 and RAS signaling.
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Key Words
- adam17, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17
- ace, angiotensin i converting enzyme
- ace-inh., angiotensin i converting enzyme inhibitor
- ampk, amp-activated protein kinase
- ang-ii, angiotensin ii
- arb, angiotensin ii type 1-receptor blocker
- ards, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- at1-r, angiotensin ii type 1-receptor
- βarb, β-adrenergic receptor blockers
- bk, bradykinin
- ccb, calcium channel blockers
- ch25h, cholesterol-25-hydroxylase
- copd, chronic obstructive lung disease
- cox, cyclooxygenase
- covid-19, coronavirus disease-2019
- dabk, [des-arg9]-bradykinin
- erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- 25hc, 25-hydroxycholesterol
- hs, heparan sulfate
- hspg, heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- ibd, inflammatory bowel disease
- map, mitogen-activated protein
- mers, middle east respiratory syndrome
- mrb, mineralocorticoid receptor blocker
- nos, nitric oxide synthase
- nsaid, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug
- ras, renin-angiotensin system
- sars-cov, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- sh, spontaneously hypertensive
- s protein, spike protein
- sirt1, sirtuin 1
- t2dm, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- tcm, traditional chinese medicine
- tmprss2, transmembrane protease, serine 2
- tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- ufh, unfractionated heparin
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Oz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Dietrich Ernst Lorke
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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27
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Garg G, Singh AK, Singh S, Rizvi SI. Promising drug discovery strategies for sirtuin modulators: what lessons have we learnt? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:915-927. [PMID: 33880981 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1915980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sirtuins, NAD-dependent protein deacetylases, require NAD+ for enzymatic activity. Recent research has indicated that sirtuins have a key role in the regulation of gene expression, the cell cycle, apoptosis, neurodegeneration and several age-related diseases. In mammals, there are seven sirtuin isoforms (SIRT-1-7) that catalyze specific lysine substrate deacetylation. AREAS COVERED This review explains the current information on the structure, function and importance of sirtuin modulators. It also explores the possible therapeutic applications of sirtuin modulators and related small molecules in the context of various diseases. EXPERT OPINION Sirtuin's modulators open a new area of research for targeting pathological conditions. Sirtuin modulators, through their targeted function, may provide a possible tool for the amelioration of various diseases. However, the search of activators/inhibitors for sirtuins needs further research. The structural elucidation of sirtuins will create an understanding for the development of isoform-specific selective modulators. This could be a useful tool to determine the functions of individual sirtuins as potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India.,Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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28
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Ezhilarasan D, Lakshmi T, Subha M, Deepak Nallasamy V, Raghunandhakumar S. The ambiguous role of sirtuins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2021; 28:559-567. [PMID: 33570800 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most leading cancer responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. The sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of class III histone deacetylases and are known to regulate a variety of molecular signaling associated with different cancer types including oral malignancies. SIRT1 acts as bifunctional in a variety of cancer. In oral cancer, SIRT1 seems to work as a tumor suppressor. The carcinogenic potential of SIRT1 is also reported in oral cancer, and hence, its role is still ambiguous. SIRT2 is also said to play a dual-faced role in different types of cancers. However, in oral cancer, SIRT2 is not studied and its role remains obscure. SIRT3 expression was positively correlated with oral malignancies. However, studies also showed the anti-cancer role of SIRT3 in oral cancer. SIRT7 loss was observed in oral cancer cells, while its overexpression caused the suppression of oral cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. The role of other SIRTs in oral cancer was studied meagerly or reports not available. To date, only the roles of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT7 have been reported in oral malignancies. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms employed by sirtuins to modulate oral cancer is important for developing potential anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, the Blue Lab (Molecular Medicine and Toxicology) Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, the Blue Lab (Molecular Medicine and Toxicology) Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Manoharan Subha
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College (SDC), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Veeraiyan Deepak Nallasamy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College (SDC), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Subramanian Raghunandhakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, the Blue Lab (Molecular Medicine and Toxicology) Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
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Salehi E, Mashayekh M, Taheri F, Gholami M, Motaghinejad M, Safari S, Sepehr A. Curcumin Can be Acts as Effective agent for Prevent or Treatment of Alcohol-induced Toxicity in Hepatocytes: An Illustrated Mechanistic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:418-436. [PMID: 34400970 PMCID: PMC8170768 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112852.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that alcohol abuse can cause serious liver damage and cirrhosis. The main pathway for these types of hepatocellular cell neurodegeneration is mitochondrial dysfunction, which causes lipid peroxidation and dysfunction of the glutathione ring and the defect of antioxidant enzymes in alcoholic hepatic cells. Alcohol can also initiate malicious inflammatory pathways and trigger the initiation and activation of intestinal and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in hepatocellular tissues that lead to cirrhosis. Previous studies have shown that curcumin may inhibit lipid peroxidation, glutathione dysfunction and restore antioxidant enzymes. Curcumin also modulates inflammation and the production of alcohol-induced biomarkers. Curcumin has been shown to play a critical role in the survival of alcoholic hepatocellular tissue. It has been shown that curcumin can induce and trigger mitochondrial biogenesis and, by this mechanism, prevent the occurrence of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in liver cells that have been impaired by alcohol. According to this mechanism, curcumin may protect hepatocellular tissue from alcohol-induced cell degeneration and may therefore survive alcoholic hepatocellular tissue. . Based on these mechanisms, the protective functions of curcumin against alcohol-induced cell degeneration due to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis events in hepatocellular tissue have been recorded. Hence, in this research, we have attempted to evaluate and analyze the main contribution mechanism of curcumin cell defense properties against alcohol-induced hepatocellular damage, according to previous experimental and clinical studies, and in this way we report findings from major studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Salehi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mashayekh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Taheri
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Gholami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afrah Sepehr
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Song W, Liu ML, Zhao ZJ, Huang CQ, Xu JW, Wang AQ, Li P, Fan YB. SIRT1 Inhibits High Shear Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Rat Cortical Neurons. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:621-631. [PMID: 33281991 PMCID: PMC7704980 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), one of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases, is proved to be neuroprotective in aging diseases, but its effect on neuronal apoptosis has not been clarified. To investigate the role of SIRT1 in inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, SIRT1 was interfered or overexpressed in cortical neurons. METHODS We exerted overloading laminar shear stress with 10 dyn/cm2 for 4, 8, and 12 h on neurons to cause cortical neuronal apoptosis, and the apoptosis percentage was tested by TUNEL assay. The adenovirus plasmids containing SIRT1 RNA interference or SIRT1 wild type gene were transfected into neurons before shear stress loading. SIRT1 mRNA and protein level were tested by Real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and western blots assay. RESULTS SIRT1 was primarily expressed in nucleus of cortical neurons, and its mRNA level was significantly increased after 4 h stimulation. SIRT1 RNAi cortical neurons had higher TUNEL positive cells, while SIRT1 overexpression significantly decreased the percentage of died cells induced by shear stress compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 plays a neuroprotective role in shear stress induced apoptosis and could be as potential pharmacological targets against neuronal degeneration in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Mei-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Chong-Quan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - An-Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yu-Bo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
- National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, 100176 China
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31
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Altberg A, Hovav R, Chapnik N, Madar Z. Effect of dietary oils from various sources on carbohydrate and fat metabolism in mice. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:4287. [PMID: 32952497 PMCID: PMC7478119 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary oils differ in their fatty acid composition and the presence of additional microcomponents (antioxidants, etc.). These differences are thought to invoke different biochemical pathways, thus affecting fats and carbohydrates metabolism differently. Olive oil (OO) and soybean oil (SO) are common vegetable oils in the local cuisine. Peanuts oils of local varieties are viewed as potential sources of dietary vegetable oils, especially in the food industry. Objective We examined the effect of four different dietary vegetable oils on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in mice. The selected oils were OO, high in oleic acid, extracted from cultivated high oleic acid peanut (C-PO), regular peanut oil (PO), and SO. Design In this study, 32 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 in each group) and were fed with four different diets enriched with 4% (w/w) dietary vegetable oils (OO, C-PO, PO, or SO). After 10 weeks, the mice were sacrificed. Western blot was used to examine proteins such as phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), ace-tyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), whereas real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1C), fatty acid synthase (FAS), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and CD36 transcripts. Results In mice-fed SO, lipid accumulation was predominately in adipose tissue, accompanied a tendency decrease in insulin sensitivity. Mice-fed OO had lower plasma triglycerides (TG) and increased hepatic CD36 gene expression. The C-PO group presented lower messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the liver for all examined genes: SREBP-1c, FAS, G6Pase, and CD36. There were no significant differences in weight gain, plasma cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, hepatic ACC, SIRT1, AMPK, and CD36 protein levels or in liver function among the diets. Discussion It seems that as long as fat is consumed in moderation, oil types may play a lesser role in the metabolism of healthy individuals. Conclusion This finding has the potential to increase flexibility in choosing oil types for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Altberg
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ran Hovav
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Plant Sciences Institute, ARO (Volcani Center), Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Nava Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zecharia Madar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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32
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Iside C, Scafuro M, Nebbioso A, Altucci L. SIRT1 Activation by Natural Phytochemicals: An Overview. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1225. [PMID: 32848804 PMCID: PMC7426493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are class III histone deacetylases, whose enzymatic activity is dependent on NAD+ as a cofactor. Sirtuins are reported to modulate numerous activities by controlling gene expression, DNA repair, metabolism, oxidative stress response, mitochondrial function, and biogenesis. Deregulation of their expression and/or action may lead to tissue-specific degenerative events involved in the development of several human pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease. The most studied member of this class of enzymes is sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), whose expression is associated with increasing insulin sensitivity. SIRT1 has been implicated in both tumorigenic and anticancer processes, and is reported to regulate essential metabolic pathways, suggesting that its activation might be beneficial against disorders of the metabolism. Via regulation of p53 deacetylation and modulation of autophagy, SIRT1 is implicated in cellular response to caloric restriction and lifespan extension. In recent years, scientific interest focusing on the identification of SIRT1 modulators has led to the discovery of novel small molecules targeting SIRT1 activity. This review will examine compounds of natural origin recently found to upregulate SIRT1 activity, such as polyphenolic products in fruits, vegetables, and plants including resveratrol, fisetin, quercetin, and curcumin. We will also discuss the potential therapeutic effects of these natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of human disorders, with particular emphasis on their metabolic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Iside
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marika Scafuro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Yu-Wung Yeh D, Wang JJ. Curcumin Attenuates Hemorrhagic Shock and Blood Replenish Resuscitation-induced Impairment of Pulmonary Barrier Function by Increasing SIRT1 and Reducing Malondialdehyde and TNF-α Contents and Neutrophil Infiltration in Lung in a Dose-Dependent Fashion. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:1875-1879. [PMID: 32360040 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical complication subsequent to hemorrhage shock and resuscitation (HSR) that frequently leads to multiple organ failure. Collective evidence suggested that the activation of pulmonary nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) plays a critical role in inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as the protection against ALI. Curcumin is a potent activator of SIRT1 and possesses antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aim to investigate the dose-dependent protective effectiveness of curcumin pretreatment against HSR-induced ALI. METHODS Studies were conducted on Sprague-Dawley male rats in 5 groups: sham-operated, HSR, and HSR pretreated with 50, 200, or 400 mg/kg of curcumin. Curcumin was treated orally for 4 days and 1 hour before HSR induction. HSR was induced by decreasing the mean aortic pressure (MAP) to 40 mm Hg for 60 min through drawing blood from the left femoral artery, followed by blood replenish and leaving for another 120 min. At the end of HSR, the severity of ALI was assessed by pulmonary barrier function, via pulmonary filtration coefficient (Kfc) evaluated using isolated a perfused lung model, lung weight-to-body weight ratio (LW/BW), lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D), and lavage protein concentration (PCBAL). We also examined the level of lung inflammation by lavage TNF-α and differential neutrophil count, and oxidative stress by lavage malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS HSR significantly increased Kfc, LW/BW, W/D, and PCBAL; decreased pulmonary SIRT1; and increased lavage TNF-α and MDA contents and differential neutrophil count (P < .05). Curcumin pretreatment demonstrated lung protection efficacy with improved pulmonary barrier function, increased lung SIRT1, and reduced pulmonary oxidative stress and lung inflammation in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin pretreatment protects against HSR-induced pulmonary function impairment by increasing tissue SIRT1, which reduced lavage MDA and TNF-α and differential neutrophil count in a dose-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Yu-Wung Yeh
- Division of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jiun-Jr Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Jalali M, Mahmoodi M, Mosallanezhad Z, Jalali R, Imanieh MH, Moosavian SP. The effects of curcumin supplementation on liver function, metabolic profile and body composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 48:102283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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IURA S, OJIMA Y, AMAKURA Y, YOSHIMURA M, SAWAMOTO A, OKUYAMA S, FURUKAWA Y, NAKAJIMA M. T-cell activation-inhibitory assay: a proposed novel method for screening caloric restriction mimetics. Biomed Res 2019; 40:235-241. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.40.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu IURA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Yuusei OJIMA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Yoshiaki AMAKURA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Morio YOSHIMURA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Atsushi SAWAMOTO
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Satoshi OKUYAMA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Yoshiko FURUKAWA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Mitsunari NAKAJIMA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Kotla NG, Afshar EG, Samarghandian S, Mandegary A, Pardakhty A, Mohammadinejad R, Sethi G. Nanoparticles Targeting STATs in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:E1158. [PMID: 31569687 PMCID: PMC6829305 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, an increase in the incidence rate of cancer has been witnessed. Although many efforts have been made to manage and treat this life threatening condition, it is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore, scientists have attempted to target molecular signaling pathways involved in cancer initiation and metastasis. It has been shown that signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT) contributes to the progression of cancer cells. This important signaling pathway is associated with a number of biological processes including cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. It appears that dysregulation of the STAT signaling pathway promotes the migration, viability and malignancy of various tumor cells. Hence, there have been many attempts to target the STAT signaling pathway. However, it seems that currently applied therapeutics may not be able to effectively modulate the STAT signaling pathway and suffer from a variety of drawbacks such as low bioavailability and lack of specific tumor targeting. In the present review, we demonstrate how nanocarriers can be successfully applied for encapsulation of STAT modulators in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar 6451741117, Iran.
| | - Niranjan G Kotla
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Newcastle, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland.
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran.
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran.
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran.
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
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Relationship Between Oxidative Stress, ER Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes: The Battle Continues. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091385. [PMID: 31487953 PMCID: PMC6780404 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in which oxidative stress is thought to be a primary cause. Considering that mitochondria are the main source of ROS, we have set out to provide a general overview on how oxidative stress is generated and related to T2D. Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress occurs in mitochondria as a consequence of an overload of glucose and oxidative phosphorylation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in oxidative stress, as it is also a source of ROS. The tight interconnection between both organelles through mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) means that the ROS generated in mitochondria promote ER stress. Therefore, a state of stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are consequences of this vicious cycle. The implication of mitochondria in insulin release and the exposure of pancreatic β-cells to hyperglycemia make them especially susceptible to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In fact, crosstalk between both mechanisms is related with alterations in glucose homeostasis and can lead to the diabetes-associated insulin-resistance status. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge of the relationship between oxidative stress, mitochondria, ER stress, inflammation, and lipotoxicity in T2D.
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Camptothecin activates SIRT1 to promote lipid catabolism through AMPK/FoxO1/ATGL pathway in C2C12 myogenic cells. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:672-683. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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