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Saffari PM, Asili P, Eshraghi S, Muhammadnejad A, Dehpour AR, Goudarzi R, Partoazar A. Phosphatidylserine accelerates wound healing and reduces necrosis in the rats: Growth factor activation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13849. [PMID: 38408759 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
To examine the effect of topical phosphatidylserine (PS) on wound healing factors and tissue necrosis in in vivo models. Topical PS was applied to evaluate aspects of the wound healing process and growth factors production of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) as well a necrosis reduction in the skin flap of rat models. Moreover, phenytoin (PHT) and cyclosporine A (CsA) were used topically as positive control treatments in wound and necrosis models, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) VEGF, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and histopathology were analysed on the wounds of rats. In the necrosis assessment, necrotic areas were determined on photography taken from the back skin of rats. Results indicated that PS topically enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) numbers of fibroblasts and endothelium while inhibiting the neutrophils and macrophages during the 14 days of wound treatment. Moreover, higher values of collagen deposition and epithelialization scores as well as wound recovery percentage (near 80%) were determined significantly (P < 0.05) in the PS group compared with the control. IHC analysis determined that FGF and VEGF cytokine factors were elevated in the wound site by topical PS. Moreover, the necrotic area was significantly (P < 0.05) improved in the PS group. Our experiment indicated that wound improvement and flap survival values in PS treatments were superior to PHT and CsA control groups, respectively. In conclusion, these findings suggest the potential of PS application in the healing of wounds and control of necrosis development after surgery or skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partow Mirzaee Saffari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Asili
- Department of Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Eshraghi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Muhammadnejad
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Goudarzi
- Division of Research and Development, Pharmin USA, LLC, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Çakır S. The Effect of Royal Jelly on Telomere Length and Some Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Albino Rats with Liver Damage Caused by Carbon Tetrachloride. J Med Food 2023; 26:580-585. [PMID: 37477674 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a natural bee product that has been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. The therapeutic properties of this product, which has rich biological content, are still being investigated with new approaches. In this study, the effect of RJ on telomere length, some antioxidant parameters, and lipid profile was examined. This study will contribute to the literature as it is the first to evaluate the effect of RJ on the length of telomeres in damaged liver tissues. In the study, the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), telomerase, 8'-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) were investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and telomere lengths were investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The increased TC, LDL-C levels, and AST and ALT activities in the serum after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration approached the control level after RJ administration. PON1 activity decreased in groups with CCl4. PON1 activity increased after RJ administration. The level of 8-OHdG, which increased groups with CCl4, decreased after RJ administration. According to the results of telomere length analysis in liver tissues, telomere lengths in damaged tissues were significantly shortened with CCl4 application and increased with RJ application. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that RJ may have therapeutic effects on telomere lengths and some biochemistry parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcen Çakır
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Partoazar A, Kianvash N, Goudarzi R. New concepts in wound targeting through liposome-based nanocarriers (LBNs). J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Rath G, Pradhan D, Ghosh G, Goyal AK. Challenges and Opportunities of Nanotechnological based Approach for the Treatment of Tuberculosis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2026-2040. [PMID: 33634753 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210226121359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, because of its unique biochemical behavior and a complex host relationship, successfully evades the host immune system. Therefore, chemotherapy appears to be the first-line option for patients with tuberculosis. However, poor patient compliance with anti-tubercular treatment and variability in anti-tubercular drug pharmacokinetics are among the major driving factors for the emergence of drug resistance. The rising cases of extrapulmonary TB, cross-resistance patterns, high prevalence of tuberculosis and HIV co-infections make tuberculosis treatment more complicated than conventional multidrug therapy. Due to their distinct advantages like higher solubility, increased payload, controlled release profiles, tissue-specific accumulation, and lack of toxicity, nanoscale materials have immense potential for drug delivery applications. An appropriate selection of polymer and careful particle engineering further improves therapeutic outcomes with opportunities to overcome conventional anti-tubercular drugs' challenges. The present review introduces the prospect of using nanotechnology in tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy and provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in nanocarriers implied for delivering anti-tubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Deepak Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Amit K Goyal
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
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Fathy SM, Mahmoud MS. Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract mitigates carbon tetrachloride-mediated hepatic inflammation and apoptosis via targeting oxidative stress and toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B pathway in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Chen M, Song X, Jiang J, Xing L, Wang P. Hepatoprotective effect of galangin on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity via the LKB1/AMPK pathway. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the protective effects of galangin on liver toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. Mouse hepatotoxicity model was established by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 10 ml/kg body weight CCl4 that diluted with corn oil to a proportion of 1:500 on Kunming mice. The mice were randomly divided into five groups named control group, model group, and 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg galangin group. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed by ELISA. Liver histopathological examination was observed via optical microscopy. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathion (GSSG) were analyzed to assess oxidative stress. Finally, western blot assay was carried out to analyse the expression levels of total AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phospho-AMPK (p-AMPK), total liver kinase B1 (LKB1), and phospho-LKB1 (p-LKB1). Compared with the control group, in the model group, the levels of AST, ALT, MDA, and GSSG increased significantly ( p < 0.01); the activity of SOD and GSH decreased significantly ( p < 0.01); and the histopathological examination revealed liver necrosis. However, treatment with galangin (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly reversed these CCl4-induced liver damage indicators. Furthermore, treatment with galangin (10 mg/kg) significantly increased the p-AMPK and p-LKB1 expression levels ( p < 0.01). This study supports the hepatoprotective effect of galangin against hepatotoxicity, perhaps occurring mainly through the LKB1/AMPK-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Laishan branch, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyan Song
- Pharmacy Dispensary, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Laishan branch, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jifang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Laishan branch, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Laishan branch, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Laishan branch, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Zamanian M, Bazmandegan G, Sureda A, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Yousefi-Manesh H, Shirooie S. The Protective Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Troxerutin (Vitamin P4) for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: A Mechanistic Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 19:97-110. [PMID: 32386493 PMCID: PMC7903491 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200510020744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Troxerutin (TRX), a semi-synthetic bioflavonoid derived from rutin, has been reported to exert several pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and nephroprotective. However, the related molecular details and its mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present review, we presented evidences from the diversity in vitro and in vivo studies on the therapeutic potential of TRX against neurodegenerative, diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases with the purpose to find molecular pathways related to the treatment efficacy. TRX has a beneficial role in many diseases through multiple mechanisms including, increasing antioxidant enzymes and reducing oxidative damage, decreasing in proapoptotic proteins (APAF-1, BAX, caspases-9 and-3) and increasing the antiapoptotic BCL-2, increasing the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and downregulating the nuclear factor κB (NFκ). TRX also reduces acetylcholinesterase activity and upregulates phosphoinositide 3- kinase/Akt signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease models. Natural products such as TRX may develop numerous and intracellular pathways at several steps in the treatment of many diseases. Molecular mechanisms of action are revealing novel, possible combinational beneficial approaches to treat multiple pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gholamreza Bazmandegan
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultyad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile
| | - Hasan Yousefi-Manesh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Komeili M, Noorbakhsh F, Esmaili J, Muhammadnejad A, Hassanzadeh G, Dehpour AR, Goudarzi R, Partoazar A. Combination therapy of phosphatidylserine liposome with cyclosporine A improves nephrotoxicity and attenuates delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Life Sci 2020; 265:118780. [PMID: 33217444 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of phosphatidylserine liposome (PS) against oxidative stress due to cyclosporine A (CsA) and concurrent administration of PS and CsA on the attenuation of immune response. The effect of oral PS was evaluated on biochemical and oxidative renal markers and histopathology of nephrotic rats receiving CsA. The effect of co-administration of PS with CsA was also assessed on DTH (delayed-type hypersensitivity) reaction of immunized rats. The cytokines production level of IL-2 (Interleukin-2) and IFN-γ (Interferon gamma) was measured in immunized rat's splenocytes. PS treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced Cr and BUN of serum and MDA (malondialdehyde) in kidney tissue, and increased SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (Catalase) of kidney tissue in CsA-nephrotic rats. Histopathology data indicated significantly (P < 0.05) nephrotoxicity improvement after 25-day treatment with PS. Furthermore, CsA plus PS administration significantly reduced DTH response and cytokines production of IL-2 and IFN-γ in immunized rats. In conclusion, coadministration of CsA plus PS may overcome oxidative stress and improve the performance of organ transplantation or autoimmune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Komeili
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Jamileh Esmaili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Muhammadnejad
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Goudarzi
- Division of Research and Development, Pharmin USA, LLC, San Jose, USA
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Hepatoprotective Activity of BV-7310, a Proprietary Herbal Formulation of Phyllanthus niruri, Tephrosia purpurea, Boerhavia diffusa, and Andrographis paniculata, in Alcohol-Induced HepG2 Cells and Alcohol plus a Haloalkane, CCl 4, Induced Liver Damage in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6428906. [PMID: 32308713 PMCID: PMC7132358 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6428906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a worldwide threat with severe morbidity and mortality. Other than abstinence, there is still no FDA-approved drug for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Liver is the primary site of ethanol metabolism and hence gets the most damage from excessive drinking. It triggers multiple signalling events including inflammation, leading to an array of hepatic lesions like steatosis, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Similarly, when medications or xenobiotic compounds are ingested orally, the liver gets the highest exposure of those metabolites, which in turn can cause severe liver toxicity. BV-7310 is a standardized mixture of four Ayurvedic plants, namely, Phyllanthus niruri, Tephrosia purpurea, Boerhavia diffusa, and Andrographis paniculata. In different systems of traditional medicine, each of these plants has been known to have use in gastrointestinal disorders. We wanted to assess the combined effect of these plant extracts on alcohol-induced liver damage. First, we investigated the hepatoprotective activity of BV-7310 against alcohol-induced toxicity in human liver HepG2 cells. Ethanol treatment (120 mM for 48 hours) significantly showed toxicity (around 42%) in these cells, and coincubation with BV-7310 prevented ethanol-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the formulation BV-7310 showed synergistic activity than any individual extract tested in this assay. BV-7310 also showed potent antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Next, we induced hepatitis in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats using repeated alcohol (40%) dosing, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 24 hours before termination. Both oral doses of BV-7310 (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) protected the alcohol-induced body weight loss and significantly improved the elevated levels of liver enzymes compared to the vehicle treated group. Thus, BV-7310 prevents alcohol-induced toxicity in both in-vitro and in-vivo models and could be beneficial for the treatment of ALD or other conditions, which may cause liver toxicity.
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10
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Zamanian G, Partoazar A, Tavangar SM, Rashidian A, Mirzaei P, Niaz Q, Sharifi K, Dehpour AR, Jazaeri F. Effect of phosphatidylserine on cirrhosis-induced hepatic encephalopathy: Response to acute endotoxemia in cirrhotic rats. Life Sci 2020; 253:117606. [PMID: 32320707 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In cirrhosis, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines are high in the liver and blood. Endotoxin decreases level of consciousness in cirrhotic rats. Phosphatidylserine exists in the cell membrane structure and is essential for the survival of neurons. Phosphatidylserine receptor is found in phagocytic cells and also activates the signaling of membrane proteins in apoptotic process. Therefore this study was aimed to explore the hypothesis that hepatic encephalopathy is prevented by phosphatidylserine treatment and if so, whether this is associated with altered level of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. METHODS Cirrhosis was induced by surgical ligation of the bile duct in male Wister rats. The groups were treated with phosphatidylserine and saline for 4 weeks. Brain IL6, TNFα and the expression of phosphatidylserine receptor were assessed. Intraperitoneal injections of either saline or lipopolysaccharide (0.1 mg/kg) were administered to each group. Finally, animal behavior, blood ammonia and the expression of toll like receptor 4 were examined in the brain. RESULTS Cirrhosis in rats was associated with altered expression of toll-like receptor4 in brain cortex and phosphatidylserine treatment increases toll-like receptor4 receptor expression. Phosphatidylserine had anti-inflammatory effect in healthy rats but no effect in cirrhotic rats. Chronic phosphatidylserine treatment decreased blood ammonia in BDL cirrhotic rats treated with lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSION The brain of cirrhotic rat is more susceptible to acute endotoxemia and chronic phosphatidylserine treatment decreases blood ammonia and encephalopathy in cirrhotic rats by encountering endotoxin. Phosphatidylserine may boost immune system against endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Zamanian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parto Mirzaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Qamar Niaz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Sharifi
- School of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Jazaeri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yousefi-Manesh H, Dehpour AR, Ansari-Nasab S, Hemmati S, Sadeghi MA, Shahraki RH, Shirooie S, Nabavi SM, Nkuimi Wandjou JG, Sut S, Caprioli G, Dall’Acqua S, Maggi F. Hepatoprotective Effects of Standardized Extracts from an Ancient Italian Apple Variety (Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini) against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl 4)-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:E1816. [PMID: 32326503 PMCID: PMC7222006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the effect of the hydroalcoholic extracts from the peel (APE) and pulp (APP) of a traditional apple cultivar from central Italy (Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini) on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytoconstituents were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showing an abundance of proanthocyanidins and flavonol derivatives together with the presence of annurcoic acid in APE. Wistar rats received APE/APP (30 mg/kg oral administration) for three days before CCl4 injection (2 mL/kg intraperitoneal once on the third day). Treatment with both APE and APP prior to CCl4 injection significantly decreased the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared to the CCl4 group. Besides, pretreatment with APE reversed the CCl4 effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) levels in liver tissue in rats and reduced tissue damage as shown in hematoxylin and eosin staining. These results showed that this ancient Italian apple is worthy of use in nutraceuticals and dietary supplements to prevent and/or protect against liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yousefi-Manesh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Sedighe Ansari-Nasab
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Sara Hemmati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Reza Hashemi Shahraki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran;
- Preclinical Core Facility, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran;
| | | | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.G.N.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.G.N.W.); (G.C.)
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CCl 4-Induced Liver Injury Was Ameliorated by Qi-Ge Decoction through the Antioxidant Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5941263. [PMID: 31976000 PMCID: PMC6955120 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5941263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Qi-Ge decoction (QGD), which is derived from the Huangqi Gegen decoction, contains three traditional Chinese herbs: Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi), Pueraria lobata (Gegen), and Citri Reticulatae Blanco Pericarpium (Chenpi). Gastric mucosal damage caused by ethanol was prevented and alleviated by QGD. However, the role of QGD in protecting the liver from toxins has not been reported. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection was used to qualitatively analyze QGD. Positive control (silymarin 100 mg/kg/day), QGD (20, 10, or 5 g/kg/day), and Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol (0.4 mg/kg/2 d) were administered to rats for 7 days, and then, liver injury was induced by injecting 2 mL/kg 25% CCl4. After 24 h, blood and liver were collected for analysis and evaluation. QGD was found to contain 12 main components including calycosin, puerarin, and hesperidin. QGD treatment significantly reduced liver damage and decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities. QGD increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and glutathione levels, but decreased malondialdehyde levels in livers from CCl4-treated rats. Compared to rats treated with CCl4 alone, after QGD administration, mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 were increased, while those of Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 (Keap1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP)2E1 were decreased. However, these improvements in QGD were reversed by brusatol. In conclusion, QGD can achieve its hepatoprotective effect through an antioxidant mechanism by activating the Nrf2 pathway.
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Horst AK, Tiegs G, Diehl L. Contribution of Macrophage Efferocytosis to Liver Homeostasis and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2670. [PMID: 31798592 PMCID: PMC6868070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The clearance of apoptotic cells is pivotal for both maintaining tissue homeostasis and returning to homeostasis after tissue injury as part of the regenerative resolution response. The liver is known for its capacity to remove aged and damaged cells from the circulation and can serve as a graveyard for effector T cells. In particular Kupffer cells are active phagocytic cells, but during hepatic inflammatory responses incoming neutrophils and monocytes may contribute to pro-inflammatory damage. To stimulate resolution of such inflammation, myeloid cell function can change, via sensing of environmental changes in the inflammatory milieu. Also, the removal of apoptotic cells via efferocytosis and the signaling pathways that are activated in macrophages/phagocytes upon their engulfment of apoptotic cells are important for a return to tissue homeostasis. Here, we will discuss, how efferocytosis mechanisms in hepatic macrophages/phagocytes may regulate tissue homeostasis and be involved in tissue regeneration in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kristina Horst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Diehl
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Metabolomics of Aurantio-Obtusin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats for Discovery of Potential Biomarkers. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193452. [PMID: 31547563 PMCID: PMC6804130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurantio-obtusin is an anthraquinone derived from Cassia obtusifolia (cassiae semen). It is also used as a tool and a detection index for the identification of cassiae semen, as stipulated by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Anthraquinones, the main components in cassiae semen, have been reported to show hepatotoxicity. This study investigates the hepatotoxicity of aurantio-obtusin in male Sprague–Dawley rats. We randomly divided the animals into a blank control group and treated three test groups with different doses of aurantio-obtusin: Low dose (4 mg/kg), medium dose (40 mg/kg), and high dose (200 mg/kg). Each group was treated with aurantio-obtusin for 28 days, whereas the control group was administered an equal volume of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC-Na) aqueous solution. Subsequently, we conducted biochemical, hematological, and pathological investigations and determined the weight of different organs. We used serum metabolomics to identify possible biomarkers related to hepatotoxicity. The low-dose group showed no significant liver injury, whereas the medium- and high-dose groups manifested obvious liver injury. Compared with the control group, the test groups showed an increase in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels. The liver organ coefficient also significantly increased. Additionally, we found significant changes in the hematological indices. Metabolomics analysis showed that aurantio-obtusin induced 28 endogenous markers related to liver injury. Our data indicate that aurantio-obtusin induces hepatotoxicity in rat liver in a dose-dependent manner and is mediated by pathways involving bile acids, fatty acids, amino acids, and energy metabolism. In particular, changes in bile acid content during treatment with therapeutic agents containing aurantio-obtusin deserve increased attention.
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Yan Y, Jun C, Lu Y, Jiangmei S. Combination of metformin and luteolin synergistically protects carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity: Mechanism involves antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Biofactors 2019; 45:598-606. [PMID: 31336028 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases are one of the fatal disorders due to the vital role of the liver. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) is the most perceived chemical substance utilized in developing models of hepatic damage. Metformin (Met) is a potent antidiabetic and redox modulatory agent that has shown anticancer and protective effects on various organs. Therefore, addition of therapy with natural antioxidative agents or herbal extracts shows defensive impacts against different injuries inside the body. Luteolin (Lut) can be found in several customary Chinese remedies. It has been reported for various pharmacological actions such as antitumor, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory impacts. Here, the liver injury rat model was established using CCl4 (1.00 mL/kg body weight) in vivo. The protective roles of Met and Lut separately or in combination were observed in hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 . The result was shown that both Met and Lut, while individually used, were normally active in diminishing CCl4 -caused hepatotoxicity. The combination of two drugs performed synergistically to improve liver damage caused by CCl4 , as shown by the considerably improved liver dysfunction. Met and Lut showed highly antioxidative effects on CCl4 -treated rats moderately by increasing the activities and expression of the antioxidant enzymes. Along with this, a combination of Met and Lut significantly suppressed inflammatory responses, which is evidenced by the reduced level of inflammatory cytokines together with interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Additionally, CCl4 -agitated apoptosis was intensely reduced by Met and Lut through reducing cleaved caspase-3 and Bax (pro-apoptotic factor) while increasing Bcl-2 (antiapoptotic factor) signaling pathways. Cotreatments of Met and Lut upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in the CCl4 -intoxicated rat's liver. The above result recommended that combination of Met and Lut may have a substantial potential and synergizing impact against CCl4 -induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yan
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Jun
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Song Jiangmei
- Department of Internal Medicine, CAS Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
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