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MacDonald ME, Wells NGM, Hassan BA, Dudley JA, Walters KJ, Korzhnev DM, Aramini JM, Smith CA. Effects of Xylanase A double mutation on substrate specificity and structural dynamics. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108082. [PMID: 38438058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
While protein activity is traditionally studied with a major focus on the active site, the activity of enzymes has been hypothesized to be linked to the flexibility of adjacent regions, warranting more exploration into how the dynamics in these regions affects catalytic turnover. One such enzyme is Xylanase A (XylA), which cleaves hemicellulose xylan polymers by hydrolysis at internal β-1,4-xylosidic linkages. It contains a "thumb" region whose flexibility has been suggested to affect the activity. The double mutation D11F/R122D was previously found to affect activity and potentially bias the thumb region to a more open conformation. We find that the D11F/R122D double mutation shows substrate-dependent effects, increasing activity on the non-native substrate ONPX2 but decreasing activity on its native xylan substrate. To characterize how the double mutant causes these kinetics changes, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to probe structural and flexibility changes. NMR chemical shift perturbations revealed structural changes in the double mutant relative to the wild-type, specifically in the thumb and fingers regions. Increased slow-timescale dynamics in the fingers region was observed as intermediate-exchange line broadening. Lipari-Szabo order parameters show negligible changes in flexibility in the thumb region in the presence of the double mutation. To help understand if there is increased energetic accessibility to the open state upon mutation, alchemical free energy simulations were employed that indicated thumb opening is more favorable in the double mutant. These studies aid in further characterizing how flexibility in adjacent regions affects the function of XylA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan E MacDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, United States; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, United States
| | - Nicholas G M Wells
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, United States
| | - Bakar A Hassan
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Joshua A Dudley
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, United States
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Dmitry M Korzhnev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - James M Aramini
- Structural Biology Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Colin A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, United States.
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2
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Tkaczyk S, Karwounopoulos J, Schöller A, Woodcock HL, Langer T, Boresch S, Wieder M. Reweighting from Molecular Mechanics Force Fields to the ANI-2x Neural Network Potential. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2719-2728. [PMID: 38527958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
To achieve chemical accuracy in free energy calculations, it is necessary to accurately describe the system's potential energy surface and efficiently sample configurations from its Boltzmann distribution. While neural network potentials (NNPs) have shown significantly higher accuracy than classical molecular mechanics (MM) force fields, they have a limited range of applicability and are considerably slower than MM potentials, often by orders of magnitude. To address this challenge, Rufa et al. [Rufa et al. bioRxiv 2020, 10.1101/2020.07.29.227959.] suggested a two-stage approach that uses a fast and established MM alchemical energy protocol, followed by reweighting the results using NNPs, known as endstate correction or indirect free energy calculation. This study systematically investigates the accuracy and robustness of reweighting from an MM reference to a neural network target potential (ANI-2x) for an established data set in vacuum, using single-step free-energy perturbation (FEP) and nonequilibrium (NEQ) switching simulation. We assess the influence of longer switching lengths and the impact of slow degrees of freedom on outliers in the work distribution and compare the results to those of multistate equilibrium free energy simulations. Our results demonstrate that free energy calculations between NNPs and MM potentials should be preferably performed using NEQ switching simulations to obtain accurate free energy estimates. NEQ switching simulations between the MM potentials and NNPs are efficient, robust, and trivial to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tkaczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Karwounopoulos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Computational Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schöller
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Computational Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - H Lee Woodcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., CHE205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250, United States
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Boresch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Computational Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Wieder
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Computational Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Hassan BA, Milicaj J, Tyson M, Karki R, Sham YY, Frantom PA, Taylor EA. In Vitro and In Silico Explorations of the Protein Conformational Changes of Corynebacterium glutamicum MshA, a Model Retaining GT-B Glycosyltransferase. Biochemistry 2024; 63:939-951. [PMID: 38507812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
MshA is a GT-B glycosyltransferase catalyzing the first step in the biosynthesis of mycothiol. While many GT-B enzymes undergo an open-to-closed transition, MshA is unique because its 97° rotation is beyond the usual range of 10-25°. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out for MshA in both ligand bound and unbound states to investigate the effect of ligand binding on localized protein dynamics and its conformational free energy landscape. Simulations showed that both the unliganded "opened" and liganded "closed" forms of the enzyme sample a wide degree of dihedral angles and interdomain distances with relatively low overlapping populations. Calculation of the free energy surface using replica exchange MD for the apo "opened" and an artificial generated apo "closed" structure revealed overlaps in the geometries sampled, allowing calculation of a barrier of 2 kcal/mol for the open-to-closed transition in the absence of ligands. MD simulations of fully liganded MshA revealed a smaller sampling of the dihedral angles. The localized protein fluctuation changes suggest that UDP-GlcNAc binding activates the motions of loops in the 1-l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate (I1P)-binding site despite little change in the interactions with UDP-GlcNAc. Circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, and mutagenesis studies were used to confirm the ligand-induced structural changes in MshA. The results support a proposed mechanism where UDP-GlcNAc binds with rigid interactions to the C-terminal domain of MshA and activates flexible loops in the N-terminal domain for binding and positioning of I1P. This model can be used for future structure-based drug development of inhibitors of the mycothiol biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakar A Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Jozafina Milicaj
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Meka Tyson
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Ramesh Karki
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Yuk Y Sham
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Patrick A Frantom
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Erika A Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
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4
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Valiente P, Nim S, Kim J, Kim PM. Computational Design of Potent and Selective d-Peptide Agonists of the Glucagon-like Peptide-2 Receptor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10342-10353. [PMID: 37491005 PMCID: PMC10424673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we designed three d-GLP-2 agonists that activated the glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2R) cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation without stimulating the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). All the d-GLP-2 agonists increased the protein kinase B phosphorylated (p-AKT) expression levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in vitro. The most effective d-GLP-2 analogue boosted the AKT phosphorylation 2.28 times more effectively compared to the native l-GLP-2. The enhancement in the p-AKT levels induced by the d-GLP-2 analogues could be explained by GLP-2R's more prolonged activation, given that the d-GLP-2 analogues induce a lower β-arrestin recruitment. The higher stability to protease degradation of our d-GLP-2 agonists helps us envision their potential applications in enhancing intestinal absorption and treating inflammatory bowel illness while lowering the high dosage required by the current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro
A. Valiente
- Donnelly
Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Satra Nim
- Donnelly
Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jisun Kim
- Donnelly
Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Philip M. Kim
- Donnelly
Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
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5
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Bhadane R, Salo-Ahen OMH. High-Throughput Molecular Dynamics-Based Alchemical Free Energy Calculations for Predicting the Binding Free Energy Change Associated with the Selected Omicron Mutations in the Spike Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2779. [PMID: 36359299 PMCID: PMC9687918 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has gone through various phases. Since the initial outbreak, the virus has mutated several times, with some lineages showing even stronger infectivity and faster spread than the original virus. Among all the variants, omicron is currently classified as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization, as the previously circulating variants have been replaced by it. In this work, we have focused on the mutations observed in omicron sub lineages BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5, particularly at the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein that is responsible for the interactions with the host ACE2 receptor and binding of antibodies. Studying such mutations is particularly important for understanding the viral infectivity, spread of the disease and for tracking the escape routes of this virus from antibodies. Molecular dynamics (MD) based alchemical free energy calculations have been shown to be very accurate in predicting the free energy change, due to a mutation that could have a deleterious or a stabilizing effect on either the protein itself or its binding affinity to another protein. Here, we investigated the significance of five spike RBD mutations on the stability of the spike protein binding to ACE2 by free energy calculations using high throughput MD simulations. For comparison, we also used conventional MD simulations combined with a Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) based approach, and compared our results with the available experimental data. Overall, the alchemical free energy calculations performed far better than the MM-GBSA approach in predicting the individual impact of the mutations. When considering the experimental variation, the alchemical free energy method was able to produce a relatively accurate prediction for N501Y, the mutant that has previously been reported to increase the binding affinity to hACE2. On the other hand, the other individual mutations seem not to have a significant effect on the spike RBD binding affinity towards hACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Bhadane
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Outi M. H. Salo-Ahen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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6
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Wagner A, Galicia-Andrés E, Teufl M, Gold L, Obinger C, Sykacek P, Oostenbrink C, Traxlmayr MW. Identification of Activating Mutations in the Transmembrane and Extracellular Domains of EGFR. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2049-2062. [PMID: 36148499 PMCID: PMC9535940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently mutated in human cancer, most notably non-small-cell lung cancer and glioblastoma. While many frequently occurring EGFR mutations are known to confer constitutive EGFR activation, the situation is less clear for rarely detected variants. In fact, more than 1000 distinct EGFR mutations are listed in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), but for most of them, the functional consequence is unknown. To identify additional, previously unknown activating mutations in EGFR, we screened a randomly mutated EGFR library for constitutive EGFR phosphorylation using a recently developed high-throughput approach termed PhosphoFlowSeq. Enrichment of the well-known activating mutations S768I, T790M, and L858R validated the experimental approach. Importantly, we also identified the activating mutations S442I and L658Q located in the extracellular and transmembrane domains of EGFR, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, neither S442I nor L658Q has been associated with an activating phenotype before. However, both have been detected in cancer samples. Interestingly, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that the L658Q mutation located in the hydrophobic transmembrane region forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thereby promoting EGFR dimerization and activation. Based on these findings, we screened the COSMIC database for additional hydrophilic mutations in the EGFR transmembrane region and indeed detected moderate constitutive activation of EGFR-G652R. Together, this study demonstrates that unbiased screening for activating mutations in EGFR not only yields well-established substitutions located in the kinase domain but also activating mutations in other regions of EGFR, including the extracellular and transmembrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Wagner
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edgar Galicia-Andrés
- Department
of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular
Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Teufl
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Gold
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Sykacek
- Department
of Biotechnology, Institute for Computational Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Department
of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular
Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael W. Traxlmayr
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Flores-León CD, Dominguez L, Aguayo-Ortiz R. Molecular basis of Toxoplasma gondii oryzalin resistance from a novel α-tubulin binding site model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109398. [PMID: 36116504 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oryzalin (ORY) is a dinitroaniline derivative that inhibits the microtubule polymerization in plants and parasitic protozoa by selectively binding to the α-tubulin subunit. This herbicidal agent exhibits good antiprotozoal activity against major human parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis), Leishmania mexicana (leishmaniasis), and Plasmodium falciparum (malaria). Previous chemical mutagenesis assays on T. gondii α-tubulin (TgAT) have identified key mutations that lead to ORY resistance. Herein, we employed alchemical free energy methods and molecular dynamics simulations to determine if the ORY resistance mutations either decrease the TgAT's affinity of the compound or increase the protein stability. Our results here suggest that L136F and V202F mutations significantly decrease the affinity of ORY to TgAT, while T239I and V252L mutations diminish TgAT's flexibility. On the other hand, protein stability predictors determined that R243S mutation reduces TgAT stability due to the loss of its salt bridge interaction with E27. Interestingly, molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the loss of this key interaction leads to ORY binding site closure. Our study provides a better insight into the TgAT-ORY interaction, further supporting our recently proposed ORY-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Flores-León
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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8
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Valiente P, Nim S, Lee J, Kim S, Kim PM. Targeting the Receptor-Binding Motif of SARS-CoV-2 with D-Peptides Mimicking the ACE2 Binding Helix: Lessons for Inhibiting Omicron and Future Variants of Concern. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3618-3626. [PMID: 35875887 PMCID: PMC9344788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world, with several new variants emerging, particularly those of concern (VOCs). Omicron (B.1.1.529), a recent VOC with many mutations in the spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD), has attracted a great deal of scientific and public interest. We previously developed two D-peptide inhibitors for the infection of the original SARS-CoV-2 and its VOCs, alpha and beta, in vitro. Here, we demonstrated that Covid3 and Covid_extended_1 maintained their high-affinity binding (29.4-31.3 nM) to the omicron RBD. Both D-peptides blocked the omicron variant in vitro infection with IC50s of 3.13 and 5.56 μM, respectively. We predicted that Covid3 shares a larger overlapping binding region with the ACE2 binding motif than different classes of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. We envisioned the design of D-peptide inhibitors targeting the receptor-binding motif as the most promising approach for inhibiting current and future VOCs of SARS-CoV-2, given that the ACE2 binding interface is more limited to tolerate mutations than most of the RBD's surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro
A. Valiente
- Donnelly
Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Satra Nim
- Donnelly
Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - JinAh Lee
- Zoonotic
Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil
Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic
Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil
Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Philip M. Kim
- Donnelly
Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
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9
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Künzel N, Helms V. How Peptides Bind to PSD-95/Discs-Large/ZO-1 Domains. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3845-3859. [PMID: 35608157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PSD-95/discs-large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domains form a large family of adaptor proteins that bind to the C-terminal tails of their binding partner proteins. Via extensive molecular dynamics simulations and alchemical free energy calculations, we characterized the binding modi of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated EQVSAV peptides and of a EQVEAV phosphate mimic to the hPTP1E PDZ2 and MAGI1 PDZ1 domains. The simulations reproduced the well-known binding characteristics such as tight coordination of the peptidic carboxyl tail and pronounced hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone and the backbone atoms of a β-sheet in PDZ. Overall, coordination by hPTP1E PDZ2 appeared tighter than by MAGI1 PDZ1. Simulations of wild-type PDZ and arginine mutants suggest that contacts with Arg79/85 in hPTP1E/MAGI1 are more important for the EQVEAV peptide than for EQVSAV. Alchemical free energy calculations and PaCS-MD simulations could well reproduce the difference in binding free energy between unphosphorylated EQVSAV and EQVEAV peptides and the absolute binding free energy of EQVSAV. However, likely due to small force field inaccuracies, the simulations erroneously favored binding of the phosphorylated peptide instead of its unphosphorylated counterpart, which is in contrast to the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Künzel
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, P.O. Box 15 11 50, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, P.O. Box 15 11 50, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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10
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Remington JM, Ferrell JB, Schneebeli ST, Li J. Concerted Rolling and Penetration of Peptides during Membrane Binding. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3921-3929. [PMID: 35507824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide binding to membranes is common and fundamental in biochemistry and biophysics and critical for applications ranging from drug delivery to the treatment of bacterial infections. However, it is largely unclear, from a theoretical point of view, what peptides of different sequences and structures share in the membrane-binding and insertion process. In this work, we analyze three prototypical membrane-binding peptides (α-helical magainin, PGLa, and β-hairpin tachyplesin) during membrane binding, using molecular details provided by Markov state modeling and microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulations. By leveraging both geometric and data-driven collective variables that capture the essential physics of the amphiphilic and cationic peptide-membrane interactions, we reveal how the slowest kinetic process of membrane binding is the dynamic rolling of the peptide from an attached to a fully bound state. These results not only add fundamental knowledge of the theory of how peptides bind to biological membranes but also open new avenues to study general peptides in more complex environments for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Remington
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Jonathon B Ferrell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Severin T Schneebeli
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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11
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Hayes RL, Vilseck JZ, Brooks CL. Addressing Intersite Coupling Unlocks Large Combinatorial Chemical Spaces for Alchemical Free Energy Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:2114-2123. [PMID: 35255214 PMCID: PMC9700482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alchemical free energy methods are playing a growing role in molecular design, both for computer-aided drug design of small molecules and for computational protein design. Multisite λ dynamics (MSλD) is a uniquely scalable alchemical free energy method that enables more efficient exploration of combinatorial alchemical spaces encountered in molecular design, but simulations have typically been limited to a few hundred ligands or sequences. Here, we focus on coupling between sites to enable scaling to larger alchemical spaces. We first discuss updates to the biasing potentials that facilitate MSλD sampling to include coupling terms and show that this can provide more thorough sampling of alchemical states. We then harness coupling between sites by developing a new free energy estimator based on the Potts models underlying direct coupling analysis, a method for predicting contacts from sequence coevolution, and find it yields more accurate free energies than previous estimators. The sampling requirements of the Potts model estimator scale with the square of the number of sites, a substantial improvement over the exponential scaling of the standard estimator. This opens up exploration of much larger alchemical spaces with MSλD for molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jonah Z Vilseck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Charles L Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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12
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Hayes RL, Buckner J, Brooks CL. BLaDE: A Basic Lambda Dynamics Engine for GPU-Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Free Energy Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6799-6807. [PMID: 34709046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an accelerating interest in practical applications of alchemical free energy methods to problems in protein design, constant pH simulations, and especially computer-aided drug design. In the present paper, we describe a basic lambda dynamics engine (BLaDE) that enables alchemical free energy simulations, including multisite λ dynamics (MSλD) simulations, on graphical processor units (GPUs). We find that BLaDE is 5 to 8 times faster than the current GPU implementation of MSλD-based free energy calculations in CHARMM. We also demonstrate that BLaDE running standard molecular dynamics attains a performance competitive with and sometimes exceeding that of the highly optimized OpenMM GPU code. BLaDE is available as a standalone program and through an API in CHARMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joshua Buckner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Charles L Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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13
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Valiente PA, Wen H, Nim S, Lee J, Kim HJ, Kim J, Perez-Riba A, Paudel YP, Hwang I, Kim KD, Kim S, Kim PM. Computational Design of Potent D-Peptide Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14955-14967. [PMID: 34624194 PMCID: PMC8525337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Blocking the association between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an attractive therapeutic approach to prevent the virus from entering human cells. While antibodies and other modalities have been developed to this end, d-amino acid peptides offer unique advantages, including serum stability, low immunogenicity, and low cost of production. Here, we designed potent novel D-peptide inhibitors that mimic the ACE2 α1-binding helix by searching a mirror-image version of the PDB. The two best designs bound the RBD with affinities of 29 and 31 nM and blocked the infection of Vero cells by SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 values of 5.76 and 6.56 μM, respectively. Notably, both D-peptides neutralized with a similar potency the infection of two variants of concern: B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 in vitro. These potent D-peptide inhibitors are promising lead candidates for developing SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic or therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Valiente
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular
Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1,
Canada
| | - Han Wen
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular
Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1,
Canada
| | - Satra Nim
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular
Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1,
Canada
| | - JinAh Lee
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut
Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si,
Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut
Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si,
Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut
Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si,
Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Albert Perez-Riba
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular
Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1,
Canada
| | - Yagya Prasad Paudel
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular
Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1,
Canada
| | - Insu Hwang
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus
Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology,
Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Do Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus
Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology,
Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut
Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si,
Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Philip M. Kim
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular
Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1,
Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1,
Canada
- Department of Computer Science,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1,
Canada
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14
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Petrov D. Perturbation Free-Energy Toolkit: An Automated Alchemical Topology Builder. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:4382-4390. [PMID: 34415755 PMCID: PMC8479811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Free-energy calculations play an important role in the application of computational chemistry to a range of fields, including protein biochemistry, rational drug design, or materials science. Importantly, the free-energy difference is directly related to experimentally measurable quantities such as partition and adsorption coefficients, water activity, and binding affinities. Among several techniques aimed at predicting free-energy differences, perturbation approaches, involving the alchemical transformation of one molecule into another through intermediate states, stand out as rigorous methods based on statistical mechanics. However, despite the importance of free-energy calculations, the applicability of the perturbation approaches is still largely impeded by a number of challenges, including the definition of the perturbation path, i.e., alchemical changes leading to the transformation of one molecule to the other. To address this, an automatic perturbation topology builder based on a graph-matching algorithm is developed, which can identify the maximum common substructure (MCS) of two or multiple molecules and provide the perturbation topologies suitable for free-energy calculations using the GROMOS and the GROMACS simulation packages. Various MCS search options are presented leading to alternative definitions of the perturbation pathway. Moreover, perturbation topologies generated using the default multistate MCS search are used to calculate the changes in free energy between lysine and its two post-translational modifications, 3-methyllysine and acetyllysine. The pairwise free-energy calculations performed on this test system led to a cycle closure of 0.5 ± 0.3 and 0.2 ± 0.2 kJ mol-1, with GROMOS and GROMACS simulation packages, respectively. The same relative free energies between the three states are obtained by employing the enveloping distribution sampling (EDS) approach when compared to the pairwise perturbations. Importantly, this toolkit is made available online as an open-source Python package (https://github.com/drazen-petrov/SMArt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Drazen Petrov
- Department of Material Sciences
and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Künzel N, Helms V. How phosphorylation of peptides affects their interaction with 14-3-3η domains. Proteins 2021; 90:351-362. [PMID: 34462973 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Members of the 14-3-3 domain family have important functions as adapter domains. Via an amphipathic groove on their protein surface they typically bind to disordered C-terminals of other proteins. Importantly, binding partners of 14-3-3 domains usually contain a phosphorylated serine or threonine residue at their binding interface and possess one of three different sequence motifs. Binding of the respective unphosphorylated versions of the peptides is typically strongly disfavored. There is a wealth of structural and thermodynamic data available for the phosphorylated forms but not for the unphosphorylated forms as the binding affinities seem to be too weak to be measurable experimentally. Here, we characterized the mechanistic details that govern the preference for the binding of phosphorylated peptides to 14-3-3η domains by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We found that the phosphate group is ideally coordinated in the binding pocket whereas the respective unphosphorylated side-chain counterpart is not. Thus, the binding preference results from the tight coordination of the phosphorylated residue at the center of the binding interface. Furthermore, MD simulations of 14-3-3η dimers showed a preference for the simultaneous binding of two phosphorylated peptides in agreement with their experimentally observed cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Künzel
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Postfach 15 11 50, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Postfach 15 11 50, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
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16
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Hayes RL, Brooks CL. A strategy for proline and glycine mutations to proteins with alchemical free energy calculations. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:1088-1094. [PMID: 33844328 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Computation of the thermodynamic consequences of protein mutations holds great promise in protein biophysics and design. Alchemical free energy methods can give improved estimates of mutational free energies, and are already widely used in calculations of relative and absolute binding free energies in small molecule design problems. In principle, alchemical methods can address any amino acid mutation with an appropriate alchemical pathway, but identifying a strategy that produces such a path for proline and glycine mutations is an ongoing challenge. Most current strategies perturb only side chain atoms, while proline and glycine mutations also alter the backbone parameters and backbone ring topology. Some strategies also perturb backbone parameters and enable glycine mutations. This work presents a strategy that enables both proline and glycine mutations and comprises two key elements: a dual backbone with restraints and scaling of bonded terms, facilitating backbone parameter changes, and a soft bond in the proline ring, enabling ring topology changes in proline mutations. These elements also have utility for core hopping and macrocycle studies in computer-aided drug design. This new strategy shows slight improvements over an alternative side chain perturbation strategy for a set T4 lysozyme mutations lacking proline and glycine, and yields good agreement with experiment for a set of T4 lysozyme proline and glycine mutations not previously studied. To our knowledge this is the first report comparing alchemical predictions of proline mutations with experiment. With this strategy in hand, alchemical methods now have access to the full palette of amino acid mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles L Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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17
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Accurate absolute free energies for ligand-protein binding based on non-equilibrium approaches. Commun Chem 2021; 4:61. [PMID: 36697634 PMCID: PMC9814727 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate calculation of the binding free energy for arbitrary ligand-protein pairs is a considerable challenge in computer-aided drug discovery. Recently, it has been demonstrated that current state-of-the-art molecular dynamics (MD) based methods are capable of making highly accurate predictions. Conventional MD-based approaches rely on the first principles of statistical mechanics and assume equilibrium sampling of the phase space. In the current work we demonstrate that accurate absolute binding free energies (ABFE) can also be obtained via theoretically rigorous non-equilibrium approaches. Our investigation of ligands binding to bromodomains and T4 lysozyme reveals that both equilibrium and non-equilibrium approaches converge to the same results. The non-equilibrium approach achieves the same level of accuracy and convergence as an equilibrium free energy perturbation (FEP) method enhanced by Hamiltonian replica exchange. We also compare uni- and bi-directional non-equilibrium approaches and demonstrate that considering the work distributions from both forward and reverse directions provides substantial accuracy gains. In summary, non-equilibrium ABFE calculations are shown to yield reliable and well-converged estimates of protein-ligand binding affinity.
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18
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Patel D, Patel JS, Ytreberg FM. Implementing and Assessing an Alchemical Method for Calculating Protein-Protein Binding Free Energy. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:2457-2464. [PMID: 33709712 PMCID: PMC8044032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein binding is fundamental to most biological processes. It is important to be able to use computation to accurately estimate the change in protein-protein binding free energy due to mutations in order to answer biological questions that would be experimentally challenging, laborious, or time-consuming. Although nonrigorous free-energy methods are faster, rigorous alchemical molecular dynamics-based methods are considerably more accurate and are becoming more feasible with the advancement of computer hardware and molecular simulation software. Even with sufficient computational resources, there are still major challenges to using alchemical free-energy methods for protein-protein complexes, such as generating hybrid structures and topologies, maintaining a neutral net charge of the system when there is a charge-changing mutation, and setting up the simulation. In the current study, we have used the pmx package to generate hybrid structures and topologies, and a double-system/single-box approach to maintain the net charge of the system. To test the approach, we predicted relative binding affinities for two protein-protein complexes using a nonequilibrium alchemical method based on the Crooks fluctuation theorem and compared the results with experimental values. The method correctly identified stabilizing from destabilizing mutations for a small protein-protein complex, and a larger, more challenging antibody complex. Strong correlations were obtained between predicted and experimental relative binding affinities for both protein-protein systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmeshkumar Patel
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Jagdish Suresh Patel
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - F Marty Ytreberg
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
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19
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Ge Y, Hahn DF, Mobley DL. A Benchmark of Electrostatic Method Performance in Relative Binding Free Energy Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:1048-1052. [PMID: 33686853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Relative free energy calculations are fast becoming a critical part of early stage pharmaceutical design, making it important to know how to obtain the best performance with these calculations in applications that could span hundreds of calculations and molecules. In this work, we compared two different treatments of long-range electrostatics, Particle Mesh Ewald (PME) and Reaction Field (RF), in relative binding free energy calculations using a nonequilibrium switching protocol. We found simulations using RF achieve comparable results to those using PME but gain more efficiency when using CPU and similar performance using GPU. The results from this work encourage more use of RF in molecular simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - David F Hahn
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - David L Mobley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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20
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Lin L, Zou H, Li W, Xu LY, Li EM, Dong G. Redox Potentials of Disulfide Bonds in LOXL2 Studied by Nonequilibrium Alchemical Simulation. Front Chem 2021; 9:797036. [PMID: 34970534 PMCID: PMC8713139 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.797036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination ε-amino group of lysine. It is found that LOXL2 is a promotor for the metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. Disulfide bonds are important components in LOXL2, and they play a stabilizing role for protein structure or a functional role for regulating protein bioactivity. The redox potential of disulfide bond is one important property to determine the functional role of disulfide bond. In this study, we have calculated the reduction potential of all the disulfide bonds in LOXL2 by non-equilibrium alchemical simulations. Our results show that seven of seventeen disulfide bonds have high redox potentials between -182 and -298 mV and could have a functional role, viz., Cys573-Cys625, Cys579-Cys695, Cys657-Cys673, and Cys663-Cys685 in the catalytic domain, Cys351-Cys414, Cys464-Cys530, and Cys477-Cys543 in the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains. The disulfide bond of Cys351-Cys414 is predicted to play an allosteric function role, which could affect the metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. Other functional bonds have a catalytic role related to enzyme activity. The rest of disulfide bonds are predicted to play a structural role. Our study provides an important insight for the classification of disulfide bonds in LOXL2 and can be utilized for the drug design that targets the cysteine residues in LOXL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haiying Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Yan Xu, ; En-Min Li, ; Geng Dong,
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Yan Xu, ; En-Min Li, ; Geng Dong,
| | - Geng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Yan Xu, ; En-Min Li, ; Geng Dong,
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21
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Cortes-Huerto R, Praprotnik M, Kremer K, Delle Site L. From adaptive resolution to molecular dynamics of open systems. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. B 2021; 94:189. [PMID: 34720711 PMCID: PMC8547219 DOI: 10.1140/epjb/s10051-021-00193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We provide an overview of the Adaptive Resolution Simulation method (AdResS) based on discussing its basic principles and presenting its current numerical and theoretical developments. Examples of applications to systems of interest to soft matter, chemical physics, and condensed matter illustrate the method's advantages and limitations in its practical use and thus settle the challenge for further future numerical and theoretical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matej Praprotnik
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Luigi Delle Site
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute for Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Korla PK, Chen CC, Gracilla DE, Lai MT, Chen CM, Chen HY, Hwang T, Chen SY, Sheu JJC. Somatic mutational landscapes of adherens junctions and their functional consequences in cutaneous melanoma development. Theranostics 2020; 10:12026-12043. [PMID: 33204327 PMCID: PMC7667680 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interaction in skin homeostasis is tightly controlled by adherens junctions (AJs). Alterations in such regulation lead to melanoma development. However, mutations in AJs and their functional consequences are still largely unknown. Methods: Cadherin mutations in skin cutaneous melanoma were identified using sequencing data from TCGA dataset, followed by cross-validation with data from non-TCGA cohorts. Mutations with significant occurrence were subjected to structural prediction using MODELLER and functional protein simulation using GROMACS software. Neo-antigen prediction was carried out using NetMHCpan tool. Cell-based fluorescence reporter assay was used to validate β-catenin activity in the presence of cadherin mutations. Clinical significance was analyzed using datasets from TCGA and other non-TCGA cohorts. Targeted gene exon sequencing and immunofluorescence staining on melanoma tissues were performed to confirm the in silico findings. Results: Highly frequent mutations in type-II classical cadherins were found in melanoma with one unique recurrent mutation (S524L) in the fifth domain of CDH6, which potentially destabilizes Ca2+-binding and cell-cell contacts. Mutational co-occurrence and physical dynamics analyses placed CDH6 at the center of the top-four mutated cadherins (core CDHs; all type-II), suggesting altered heterophilic interactions in melanoma development. Mutations in the intracellular domains significantly disturbed CDH6/β-catenin complex formation, resulting in β-catenin translocation into cytosol or nucleus and dysregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Although mutations in core CDH genes correlated with advanced cancer stages and lymph node invasion, the overall and disease-free survival times in those patients were longer in patients with wild-type. Peptide/MHC-I binding affinity predictions confirmed overall increased neo-antigen potentials of mutated cadherins, which associated with T-lymphocyte infiltration and better clinical outcomes after immunotherapy. Conclusion: Changes in cell-cell communications by somatic mutations in AJ cadherins function as one of mechanisms to trigger melanoma development. Certain mutations in AJs may serve as potential neo-antigens which conversely benefit patients for longer survival times.
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23
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Chen CC, Hsu CY, Lin HY, Zeng HQ, Cheng KH, Wu CW, Tsai EM, Hsieh TH. KRAS K104 modification affects the KRAS G12D-GEF interaction and mediates cell growth and motility. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17447. [PMID: 33060649 PMCID: PMC7567070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant RAS genes play an important role in regulating tumors through lysine residue 104 to impair GEF-induced nucleotide exchange, but the regulatory role of KRAS K104 modification on the KRASG12D mutant remains unclear. Therefore, we simulated the acetylation site on the KRASG12D three-dimensional protein structure, including KRASG12D, KRASG12D/K104A and KRASG12D/K104Q, and determined their trajectories and binding free energy with GEF. KRASG12D/K104Q induced structural changes in the α2- and α3-helices, promoted KRAS instability and hampered GEF binding (ΔΔG = 6.14 kJ/mol). We found decreased binding to the Raf1 RBD by KRASG12D/K104Q and reduced cell growth, invasion and migration. Based on whole-genome cDNA microarray analysis, KRASG12D/K104Q decreased expression of NPIPA2, DUSP1 and IL6 in lung and ovarian cancer cells. This study reports computational and experimental analyses of Lys104 of KRASG12D and GEF, and the findings provide a target for exploration for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Rapid Screening Research Center for Toxicology and Biomedicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Qi Zeng
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Wu
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan.
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24
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Petrov D, Tunega D, Gerzabek MH, Oostenbrink C. Molecular modelling of sorption processes of a range of diverse small organic molecules in Leonardite humic acid. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE 2020; 71:831-844. [PMID: 33041627 PMCID: PMC7540484 DOI: 10.1111/ejss.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is abundant in the environment and plays an important role in several biogeochemical processes, including microbial activity, soil aggregation, plant growth and carbon storage. One of its key functions is the retention and release of various chemical compounds, primarily governed by the sorption process, which strongly affects the environmental fate of nutrients and pollutants. Sorption largely depends on the composition of SOM, as well as its structure, dynamics and the thermodynamic conditions. Although several approaches are available, experimental characterization of sorption mechanisms is not easy. Computational models for predicting sorption coefficients often require a wealth of experimental data for training and are only applicable to compounds and conditions related to the training dataset. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the sorption of a range of small organic compounds. As a model SOM system we use the standard Leonardite humic acid (LHA) sample, which physicochemical properties have recently been characterized computationally in detail. This model allowed us to estimate sorption propensities of the systems at two different hydration levels (water activities close to 0 and 1), showing a remarkable correlation with experimental data. Importantly, this molecular modelling approach based on perturbation free-energy calculations is rigorously derived from statistical thermodynamics and requires no experimental sorption data for training. It is therefore in principle applicable to any SOM model or thermodynamic condition. Moreover, the power of MD simulations to provide high-resolution insight into atomistic and molecular interactions was employed to explore how sorbate molecules associate with the LHA matrix and which contacts they form. The heteroatoms of both sorbate and sorbent play an important role and water molecules are identified as further key players in facilitating the sorption process. HIGHLIGHTS Modelling of the sorption processes in soil organic matter at atomistic level.Rigorous, physics-based approach applicable to a range of SOM systems and conditions.Remarkable level of matching with experimental data with additional insight into the molecular mechanism.Interactions between the sorbate and local environment strongly affects the sorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drazen Petrov
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modeling and SimulationUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daniel Tunega
- Department of Forest and Soil SciencesInstitute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaViennaAustria
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjinPeople's Republic of China
| | - Martin H. Gerzabek
- Department of Forest and Soil SciencesInstitute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modeling and SimulationUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaViennaAustria
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25
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Pecina A, Eyrilmez SM, Köprülüoğlu C, Miriyala VM, Lepšík M, Fanfrlík J, Řezáč J, Hobza P. SQM/COSMO Scoring Function: Reliable Quantum-Mechanical Tool for Sampling and Ranking in Structure-Based Drug Design. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2362-2371. [PMID: 32609421 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantum mechanical (QM) methods have been gaining importance in structure-based drug design where a reliable description of protein-ligand interactions is of utmost significance. However, strategies i. e. QM/MM, fragmentation or semiempirical (SQM) methods had to be pursued to overcome the unfavorable scaling of QM methods. Various SQM-based approaches have significantly contributed to the accuracy of docking and improvement of lead compounds. Parametrizations of SQM and implicit solvent methods in our laboratory have been instrumental to obtain a reliable SQM-based scoring function. The experience gained in its application for activity ranking of ligands binding to tens of protein targets resulted in setting up a faster SQM/COSMO scoring approach, which outperforms standard scoring methods in native pose identification for two dozen protein targets with ten thousand poses. Recently, SQM/COSMO was effectively applied in a proof-of-concept study of enrichment in virtual screening. Due to its superior performance, feasibility and chemical generality, we propose the SQM/COSMO approach as an efficient tool in structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pecina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Saltuk M Eyrilmez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Cemal Köprülüoğlu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vijay Madhav Miriyala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Řezáč
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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26
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Jakubec D, Vondrášek J. Efficient Estimation of Absolute Binding Free Energy for a Homeodomain-DNA Complex from Nonequilibrium Pulling Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2034-2041. [PMID: 32208691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of binding free energies is one of the central aims of simulations of biomolecular complexes. We explore the accuracy and efficiency of setups based on nonequilibrium pulling simulations applied to the estimation of binding affinities of DNA-binding proteins. Absolute binding free energies are calculated over a range of temperatures and compared to results obtained previously using an equilibrium method. We show that realistic binding affinities can be obtained with the presented nonequilibrium approach, which also entails lower computational requirements. Errors of the binding free energy estimates are investigated and are shown to be comparable to those observed previously. Bounds are provided on the convergence of the errors with respect to the number of pulling simulations performed and with respect to the applied pull rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jakubec
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vondrášek
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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27
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Aguayo-Ortiz R, Dominguez L. Effects of Mutating Trp42 Residue on γD-Crystallin Stability. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:777-785. [PMID: 31747273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oligomerization and aggregation of γD-crystallins (HγDC) in the eye lens is one of the main causes of cataract development. To date, several congenital mutations related to this protein are known to promote the formation of aggregates. Previous studies have demonstrated that mutations in W42 residue of HγDC lead to the generation of partially unfolded intermediates that are more prone to aggregate. To understand the role of W42 in the stability of HγDC, we performed alchemical free-energy calculations and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of different W42 mutant models. Our results suggest that substitution of W42 by small size and/or polar residues promotes HγDC denaturation due to the entry of water molecules into the hydrophobic core of the N-terminal domain. Similar behavior was observed in the C-terminal domain of HγDC when mutating the W130 residue located in a homologous position. Moreover, the exposure of the hydrophobic core residues could lead to the formation of aggregation-prone partially unfolded species. Overall, this study takes a step toward understanding the role of HγDC in cataract development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City 04510 , Mexico.,Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City 04510 , Mexico
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28
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Valiente PA, Becerra D, Kim PM. A Method to Calculate the Relative Binding Free Energy Differences of α-Helical Stapled Peptides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1644-1651. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Valiente
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - David Becerra
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Philip M Kim
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
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29
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Schmidt A, Shvetsov A, Soboleva E, Kil Y, Sergeev V, Surzhik M. Thermostability improvement of Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase via directed evolution of its gene located on episomal expression vector in Pichia pastoris cells. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 32:251-259. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNovel thermostable variants of glucoamylase (GA) from filamentous fungus Aspergillus awamori X100 were constructed using the directed evolution approach based on random mutagenesis by error-prone PCR of the catalytic domain region of glucoamylase gene located on a new episomal expression vector pPEHα in Pichia pastoris cells. Out of 3000 yeast transformants screened, six new thermostable GA variants with amino acid substitutions Val301Asp, Thr390Ala, Thr390Ala/Ser436Pro, Leu7Met/His391Tyr, Asn9His/Ile82Phe and Ser8Arg/Gln338Leu were identified and studied. To estimate the effect of each substitution in the double mutants, we have constructed the relevant single mutants of GA by site-directed mutagenesis and analyzed their thermal properties. Results of the analysis showed that only Ile82Phe and Ser8Arg substitutions by themselves increased enzyme thermostability. While the substitutions Leu7Met, Asn9His and Gln338Leu decreased the thermal stability of GA, the synergistic effect of double mutant variants Leu7Met/His391Tyr, Asn9His/Ile82Phe and Ser8Arg/Gln338Leu resulted in significant thermostability improvement as compared to the wild type GA. Thr390Ala and Thr390Ala/Ser436Pro mutant variants revealed the highest thermostability with free activation energy changes ΔΔG of 2.99 and 3.1 kJ/mol at 80°C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmidt
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Orlova Roscha 1, Postal Code 188300, Gatchina, Russia
- BioMedical Technology Department, Kurchatov Institute, Akademika Kurchatova square 1, Postal Code 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Shvetsov
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Orlova Roscha 1, Postal Code 188300, Gatchina, Russia
- BioMedical Technology Department, Kurchatov Institute, Akademika Kurchatova square 1, Postal Code 123182, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, Postal Code 195251, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Soboleva
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Orlova Roscha 1, Postal Code 188300, Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, Postal Code 195251, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yury Kil
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Orlova Roscha 1, Postal Code 188300, Gatchina, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sergeev
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Orlova Roscha 1, Postal Code 188300, Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, Postal Code 195251, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Surzhik
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Orlova Roscha 1, Postal Code 188300, Gatchina, Russia
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30
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Gapsys V, Pérez-Benito L, Aldeghi M, Seeliger D, van Vlijmen H, Tresadern G, de Groot BL. Large scale relative protein ligand binding affinities using non-equilibrium alchemy. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1140-1152. [PMID: 34084371 PMCID: PMC8145179 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03754c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand binding affinity calculations based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and non-physical (alchemical) thermodynamic cycles have shown great promise for structure-based drug design. However, their broad uptake and impact is held back by the notoriously complex setup of the calculations. Only a few tools other than the free energy perturbation approach by Schrödinger Inc. (referred to as FEP+) currently enable end-to-end application. Here, we present for the first time an approach based on the open-source software pmx that allows to easily set up and run alchemical calculations for diverse sets of small molecules using the GROMACS MD engine. The method relies on theoretically rigorous non-equilibrium thermodynamic integration (TI) foundations, and its flexibility allows calculations with multiple force fields. In this study, results from the Amber and Charmm force fields were combined to yield a consensus outcome performing on par with the commercial FEP+ approach. A large dataset of 482 perturbations from 13 different protein-ligand datasets led to an average unsigned error (AUE) of 3.64 ± 0.14 kJ mol-1, equivalent to Schrödinger's FEP+ AUE of 3.66 ± 0.14 kJ mol-1. For the first time, a setup is presented for overall high precision and high accuracy relative protein-ligand alchemical free energy calculations based on open-source software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Gapsys
- Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry D-37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Laura Pérez-Benito
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30 B-2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Matteo Aldeghi
- Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry D-37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Daniel Seeliger
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Birkendorfer Strasse 65 D-88397 Biberach a.d. Riss Germany
| | - Herman van Vlijmen
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30 B-2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Gary Tresadern
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30 B-2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Bert L de Groot
- Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry D-37077 Göttingen Germany
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31
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Perthold JW, Oostenbrink C. GroScore: Accurate Scoring of Protein–Protein Binding Poses Using Explicit-Solvent Free-Energy Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:5074-5085. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Walther Perthold
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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32
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Heidari M, Cortes-Huerto R, Potestio R, Kremer K. Steering a solute between coexisting solvation states: Revisiting nonequilibrium work relations and the calculation of free energy differences. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144105. [PMID: 31615249 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
By analogy with single-molecule pulling experiments, we present a computational framework to obtain free energy differences between complex solvation states. To illustrate our approach, we focus on the calculation of solvation free energies (SFEs). However, the method can be readily extended to cases involving more complex solutes and solvation conditions as well as to the calculation of binding free energies. The main idea is to drag the solute across the simulation box where atomistic and ideal gas representations of the solvent coexist at constant temperature and chemical potential. At finite pulling speeds, the resulting work allows one to extract SFEs via nonequilibrium relations, whereas at infinitely slow pulling speeds, this process becomes equivalent to the thermodynamic integration method. Results for small molecules well agree with literature data and pave the way to systematic studies of arbitrarily large and complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Heidari
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Raffaello Potestio
- Physics Department, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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33
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Kortzak D, Alleva C, Weyand I, Ewers D, Zimmermann MI, Franzen A, Machtens JP, Fahlke C. Allosteric gate modulation confers K + coupling in glutamate transporters. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101468. [PMID: 31506973 PMCID: PMC6769379 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) mediate glial and neuronal glutamate uptake to terminate synaptic transmission and to ensure low resting glutamate concentrations. Effective glutamate uptake is achieved by cotransport with 3 Na+ and 1 H+, in exchange with 1 K+. The underlying principles of this complex transport stoichiometry remain poorly understood. We use molecular dynamics simulations and electrophysiological experiments to elucidate how mammalian EAATs harness K+ gradients, unlike their K+‐independent prokaryotic homologues. Glutamate transport is achieved via elevator‐like translocation of the transport domain. In EAATs, glutamate‐free re‐translocation is prevented by an external gate remaining open until K+ binding closes and locks the gate. Prokaryotic GltPh contains the same K+‐binding site, but the gate can close without K+. Our study provides a comprehensive description of K+‐dependent glutamate transport and reveals a hitherto unknown allosteric coupling mechanism that permits adaptions of the transport stoichiometry without affecting ion or substrate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kortzak
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4) and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claudia Alleva
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4) and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ingo Weyand
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4) and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - David Ewers
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4) and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Klinik für klinische Neurophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Abteilung für Neurogenetik, Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meike I Zimmermann
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4) and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Arne Franzen
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4) and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Machtens
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4) and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Fahlke
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4) and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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34
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Aguayo-Ortiz R, González-Navejas A, Palomino-Vizcaino G, Rodriguez-Meza O, Costas M, Quintanar L, Dominguez L. Thermodynamic Stability of Human γD-Crystallin Mutants Using Alchemical Free-Energy Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5671-5677. [PMID: 31199646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
γD-Crystallin (HγDC) is a key structural protein in the human lens, whose aggregation has been associated with the development of cataracts. Single-point mutations and post-translational modifications destabilize HγDC interactions, forming partially folded intermediates, where hydrophobic residues are exposed and thus triggering its aggregation. In this work, we used alchemical free-energy calculations to predict changes in thermodynamic stability (ΔΔG) of 10 alanine-scanning variants and 12 HγDC mutations associated with the development of congenital cataract. Our results show that W42R is the most destabilizing mutation in HγDC. This has been corroborated through experimental determination of ΔΔG employing differential scanning calorimetry. Calculations of hydration free energies from the HγDC WT and the W42R mutant suggested that the mutant has a higher aggregation propensity. Our combined theoretical and experimental results contribute to understand HγDC destabilization and aggregation mechanisms in age-onset cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanni Palomino-Vizcaino
- Departamento de Química , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) , Mexico City 07360 , Mexico
| | | | | | - Liliana Quintanar
- Departamento de Química , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) , Mexico City 07360 , Mexico
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35
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Aldeghi M, de Groot BL, Gapsys V. Accurate Calculation of Free Energy Changes upon Amino Acid Mutation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1851:19-47. [PMID: 30298390 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8736-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics based free energy calculations allow for a robust and accurate evaluation of free energy changes upon amino acid mutation in proteins. In this chapter we cover the basic theoretical concepts important for the use of calculations utilizing the non-equilibrium alchemical switching methodology. We further provide a detailed step-by-step protocol for estimating the effect of a single amino acid mutation on protein thermostability. In addition, the potential caveats and solutions to some frequently encountered issues concerning the non-equilibrium alchemical free energy calculations are discussed. The protocol comprises details for the hybrid structure/topology generation required for alchemical transitions, equilibrium simulation setup, and description of the fast non-equilibrium switching. Subsequently, the analysis of the obtained results is described. The steps in the protocol are complemented with an illustrative practical application: a destabilizing mutation in the Trp cage mini protein. The concepts that are described are generally applicable. The shown example makes use of the pmx software package for the free energy calculations using Gromacs as a molecular dynamics engine. Finally, we discuss how the current protocol can readily be adapted to carry out charge-changing or multiple mutations at once, as well as large-scale mutational scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Aldeghi
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Am Fassberg, 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Bert L de Groot
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Am Fassberg, 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Vytautas Gapsys
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Am Fassberg, 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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36
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Abstract
Biochemical and structural data reveal important aspects of the properties and function of a protein disulphide bond. Molecular dynamics simulations can complement this experimental data and can yield valuable insights into the dynamical behavior of the disulphide bond within the protein environment. Due to the increasing accuracy of the underlying energetic description and the increasing computational power at hand, such simulations have now reached a level, at which they can also make quantitative and experimentally testable predictions. We here give an overview of the computational methods used to predict functional aspects of protein disulphides, including the prestress, protein allosteric effects upon thiol/disulphide exchange, and disulphide redox potentials. We then outline in detail the use of free-energy perturbation methods to calculate the redox potential of a protein disulphide bond of interest. In a step-by-step protocol, we describe the workflow within the MD suite Gromacs, including practical advice on the simulation setup and choice of parameters. For other disulphide-related simulation methods, we refer to resources available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Wenjin Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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37
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Bochicchio A, Krepl M, Yang F, Varani G, Sponer J, Carloni P. Molecular basis for the increased affinity of an RNA recognition motif with re-engineered specificity: A molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling simulations study. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006642. [PMID: 30521520 PMCID: PMC6307825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA recognition motif (RRM) is the most common RNA binding domain across eukaryotic proteins. It is therefore of great value to engineer its specificity to target RNAs of arbitrary sequence. This was recently achieved for the RRM in Rbfox protein, where four mutations R118D, E147R, N151S, and E152T were designed to target the precursor to the oncogenic miRNA 21. Here, we used a variety of molecular dynamics-based approaches to predict specific interactions at the binding interface. Overall, we have run approximately 50 microseconds of enhanced sampling and plain molecular dynamics simulations on the engineered complex as well as on the wild-type Rbfox·pre-miRNA 20b from which the mutated systems were designed. Comparison with the available NMR data on the wild type molecules (protein, RNA, and their complex) served to establish the accuracy of the calculations. Free energy calculations suggest that further improvements in affinity and selectivity are achieved by the S151T replacement. RNA is an outstanding target for oncological intervention. Engineering the most common RNA binding motif in human proteins (called RRM) so as to bind to a specific RNA has an enormous pharmacological potential. Yet, it is highly non trivial to design RRM-bearing protein variants with RNA selectivity and affinity sufficiently high for clinical applications. Here we present an extensive molecular simulation study which shed light on the exquisite molecular recognition of the empirically-engineered complex between the RRM-bearing protein Rbfox and its RNA target pre-miR21. The simulations allow predicting a variant, the S151T, which may lead to further enhancement of selectivity and affinity for pre-miR21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bochicchio
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Miroslav Krepl
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (MK); (PC)
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Varani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jiri Sponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-HPC, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- * E-mail: (MK); (PC)
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38
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Wang M, Mei Y, Ryde U. Predicting Relative Binding Affinity Using Nonequilibrium QM/MM Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:6613-6622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Chemical Centre, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ye Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU−ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ulf Ryde
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Chemical Centre, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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39
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Yildirim A, Wassenaar TA, van der Spoel D. Statistical efficiency of methods for computing free energy of hydration. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:144111. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5041835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yildirim
- Department of Physics, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Turkey
| | - Tsjerk A. Wassenaar
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David van der Spoel
- Uppsala Centre for Computational Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala,
Sweden
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40
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Bastys T, Gapsys V, Doncheva NT, Kaiser R, de Groot BL, Kalinina OV. Consistent Prediction of Mutation Effect on Drug Binding in HIV-1 Protease Using Alchemical Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3397-3408. [PMID: 29847122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite a large number of antiretroviral drugs targeting HIV-1 protease for inhibition, mutations in this protein during the course of patient treatment can render them inefficient. This emerging resistance inspired numerous computational studies of the HIV-1 protease aimed at predicting the effect of mutations on drug binding in terms of free binding energy Δ G, as well as in mechanistic terms. In this study, we analyze ten different protease-inhibitor complexes carrying major resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) G48V, I50V, and L90M using molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that alchemical free energy calculations can consistently predict the effect of mutations on drug binding. By explicitly probing different protonation states of the catalytic aspartic dyad, we reveal the importance of the correct choice of protonation state for the accuracy of the result. We also provide insight into how different mutations affect drug binding in their specific ways, with the unifying theme of how all of them affect the crucial drug binding regions of the protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bastys
- Department for Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics , Max Planck Institute for Informatics , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany.,Saarbrücken Graduate School of Computer Science , University of Saarland , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Vytautas Gapsys
- Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics , Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Nadezhda T Doncheva
- Department for Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics , Max Planck Institute for Informatics , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Institute for Virology , University Clinic of Cologne , D-50935 Köln , Germany
| | - Bert L de Groot
- Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics , Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Olga V Kalinina
- Department for Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics , Max Planck Institute for Informatics , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
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41
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Cortés Cabrera Á, Sánchez-Murcia PA, Gago F. Making sense of the past: hyperstability of ancestral thioredoxins explained by free energy simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:23239-23246. [PMID: 28825743 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx), a small and globular protein, is present in all kinds of organisms, from Archea to higher mammals. Throughout evolution, the Trx sequence has undergone subtle modifications to adapt to varying environmental conditions. The high degree of sequence conservation makes Trx very amenable to ancestral protein reconstruction techniques. In this work, we address the study of the structural and energetic determinants of thermostability in E. coli Trx using a dataset of mutations inspired by ancestral reconstruction. We compute, from first principles, the expected contribution of 19 different amino acid substitutions to the stability (ΔΔG) and the melting temperature (ΔTm) of the protein. We also describe the specific changes in structure and protein dynamics responsible for the stabilizing or destabilizing effects of these mutations. Our results point to local and independent changes for most of the variants. Our predictions are accurate enough to substantiate the proposal of new hypotheses regarding evolutionary relationships between mutations, as in the case of T89R, P68A and G74S or K90L and F102A, and reach beyond the initial set to suggest improved variants, such as K90I or K90Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Cortés Cabrera
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro A Sánchez-Murcia
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Federico Gago
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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42
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Li PF, Jia XY, Wang MT, Mei Y. Comparison of Accuracy and Convergence Rate between Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Alchemical Transformations for Calculation of Relative Binding Free Energy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/30/cjcp1711204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiang-yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Mei-ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ye Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK 73019, USA
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43
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Computational Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of RamR Mutations Contributing to Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella enterica. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13418. [PMID: 29042652 PMCID: PMC5645378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic microorganisms with multidrug resistance (MDR) constitutes a severe threat to human health. A major causative mechanism of AMR is mediated through the multidrug efflux pump (MEP). The resistance-nodulation-division superfamily (RND family) of Gram-negative bacteria is usually the major cause of MDR in clinical studies. In Salmonella enterica, the RND pump is translated from the acrAB gene, which is regulated by the activator RamA. Many MEP-caused AMR strains have high ramA gene expression due to mutations in RamR, which has a homodimeric structure comprising the dimerization domain and DNA-binding domain (DBD). Three mutations on the dimerization domain, namely Y59H, M84I, and E160D, are far from the DBD; the molecular mechanism through which they influence RamR’s binding affinity to the ramA gene promoter and consequently disrupt RamA remains unclear. The present study conducted molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy calculations, and normal mode analysis to investigate the mechanism through which Y59H, M84I, and E160D mutations on the dimerization domain influence the binding affinity of RamR to the ramA promoter. The present results suggest that the three mutations alter the RamR structure, resulting in decreased DNA-binding affinity.
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44
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Wang M, Li P, Jia X, Liu W, Shao Y, Hu W, Zheng J, Brooks BR, Mei Y. Efficient Strategy for the Calculation of Solvation Free Energies in Water and Chloroform at the Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Level. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2476-2489. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiangyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory
of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yihan Shao
- Q-Chem Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Wenxin Hu
- The Computer
Center, School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- The Computer
Center, School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bernard R. Brooks
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, T-900 Suite, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Ye Mei
- State Key Laboratory
of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
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45
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Khabiri M, Freddolino PL. Deficiencies in Molecular Dynamics Simulation-Based Prediction of Protein-DNA Binding Free Energy Landscapes. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5151-5161. [PMID: 28471184 PMCID: PMC5817055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation allows cells to match their gene expression profiles to their current requirements based on environment, cellular physiological state, and extracellular signals. DNA binding transcription factors are major agents of transcriptional regulation, and bind to DNA with a factor-specific sequence preference to exert regulatory effects. A crucial step in unraveling the logic of a regulatory network is determining the sequence-specific binding affinity landscapes for the transcription factors in it. While such landscapes can be measured experimentally, the ability to predict them computationally would both reduce the effort required to obtain the needed data and provide additional insight into the key interactions shaping protein-DNA interactions. Here we apply free energy calculations based on all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to predict the changes in binding free energy for all single base pair perturbations of the binding sites for four eukaryotic transcription factors for which high-quality experimental data exist. We find that the simulated results both vastly overestimate the magnitude of changes in binding free energy, and frequently predict the incorrect signs. These simulations will nevertheless serve as a jumping-off point for refining our current representation of protein-DNA interactions to allow quantitative reproduction of experimental data on such systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Khabiri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Peter L. Freddolino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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46
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Petrov D, Tunega D, Gerzabek MH, Oostenbrink C. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Standard Leonardite Humic Acid: Microscopic Analysis of the Structure and Dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5414-5424. [PMID: 28440077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) are abundant in the environment and play an important role in a number of biogeochemical processes including microbial activity, soil aggregation, plant growth, the retention and release of nutrients, the environmental fate of pollutants, and carbon storage. They are flexible, relatively small molecules forming supramolecular structures through weak interactions. Despite the great importance of understanding their behavior at the atomic level, computational modeling, a premier high-resolution technique providing great level of detail, has been surprisingly little-employed to study humic substances. Here, we use the recently developed Vienna Soil Organic-Matter Modeler to create representative models of a real HS sample, the standard Leonardite humic acid. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to probe the structure and dynamics of the system at a range of hydration levels. The studied systems were characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties, including density, dielectric properties, hydrogen bonding, etc. Moreover, the strength of sorption was estimated for three small organic compounds: benzaldehyde, propan-2-ol, and acetone. Strikingly, the HS models were validated against experimental data showing a remarkable agreement with calculated properties. Finally, we make the equilibrated models of the standard Leonardite humic acid, together with corresponding force-field parameters, available at the Vienna Soil Organic-Matter Modeler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drazen Petrov
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Tunega
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin H Gerzabek
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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47
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Aponte-Santamaría C, Lippok S, Mittag JJ, Obser T, Schneppenheim R, Baldauf C, Gräter F, Budde U, Rädler JO. Mutation G1629E Increases von Willebrand Factor Cleavage via a Cooperative Destabilization Mechanism. Biophys J 2017; 112:57-65. [PMID: 28076816 PMCID: PMC5232862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The large multimeric glycoprotein von Willebrand Factor (VWF) plays a pivotal adhesive role during primary hemostasis. VWF is cleaved by the protease ADAMTS13 as a down-regulatory mechanism to prevent excessive VWF-mediated platelet aggregation. For each VWF monomer, the ADAMTS13 cleavage site is located deeply buried inside the VWF A2 domain. External forces in vivo or denaturants in vitro trigger the unfolding of this domain, thereby leaving the cleavage site solvent-exposed and ready for cleavage. Mutations in the VWF A2 domain, facilitating the cleavage process, cause a distinct form of von Willebrand disease (VWD), VWD type 2A. In particular, the VWD type 2A Gly1629Glu mutation drastically accelerates the proteolytic cleavage activity, even in the absence of forces or denaturants. However, the effect of this mutation has not yet been quantified, in terms of kinetics or thermodynamics, nor has the underlying molecular mechanism been revealed. In this study, we addressed these questions by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and free energy calculations. The measured enzyme kinetics revealed a 20-fold increase in the cleavage rate for the Gly1629Glu mutant compared with the wild-type VWF. Cleavage was found cooperative with a cooperativity coefficient n = 2.3, suggesting that the mutant VWF gives access to multiple cleavage sites of the VWF multimer at the same time. According to our simulations and free energy calculations, the Gly1629Glu mutation causes structural perturbation in the A2 domain and thereby destabilizes the domain by ∼10 kJ/mol, promoting its unfolding. Taken together, the enhanced proteolytic activity of Gly1629Glu can be readily explained by an increased availability of the ADAMTS13 cleavage site through A2-domain-fold thermodynamic destabilization. Our study puts forward the Gly1629Glu mutant as a very efficient enzyme substrate for ADAMTS13 activity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Svenja Lippok
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith J Mittag
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Obser
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Baldauf
- Theory Department, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Budde
- Medilys Coagulation Laboratory, Asklepios Klinic Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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48
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Alchemical determination of drug-receptor binding free energy: Where we stand and where we could move to. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 71:233-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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49
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Vermaas JV, Trebesch N, Mayne CG, Thangapandian S, Shekhar M, Mahinthichaichan P, Baylon JL, Jiang T, Wang Y, Muller MP, Shinn E, Zhao Z, Wen PC, Tajkhorshid E. Microscopic Characterization of Membrane Transporter Function by In Silico Modeling and Simulation. Methods Enzymol 2016; 578:373-428. [PMID: 27497175 PMCID: PMC6404235 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transporters mediate one of the most fundamental processes in biology. They are the main gatekeepers controlling active traffic of materials in a highly selective and regulated manner between different cellular compartments demarcated by biological membranes. At the heart of the mechanism of membrane transporters lie protein conformational changes of diverse forms and magnitudes, which closely mediate critical aspects of the transport process, most importantly the coordinated motions of remotely located gating elements and their tight coupling to chemical processes such as binding, unbinding and translocation of transported substrate and cotransported ions, ATP binding and hydrolysis, and other molecular events fueling uphill transport of the cargo. An increasing number of functional studies have established the active participation of lipids and other components of biological membranes in the function of transporters and other membrane proteins, often acting as major signaling and regulating elements. Understanding the mechanistic details of these molecular processes require methods that offer high spatial and temporal resolutions. Computational modeling and simulations technologies empowered by advanced sampling and free energy calculations have reached a sufficiently mature state to become an indispensable component of mechanistic studies of membrane transporters in their natural environment of the membrane. In this article, we provide an overview of a number of major computational protocols and techniques commonly used in membrane transporter modeling and simulation studies. The article also includes practical hints on effective use of these methods, critical perspectives on their strengths and weak points, and examples of their successful applications to membrane transporters, selected from the research performed in our own laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Vermaas
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - N Trebesch
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - C G Mayne
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - S Thangapandian
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - M Shekhar
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - P Mahinthichaichan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - J L Baylon
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - T Jiang
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Y Wang
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - M P Muller
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - E Shinn
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Z Zhao
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - P-C Wen
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - E Tajkhorshid
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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Nerattini F, Chelli R, Procacci P. II. Dissociation free energies in drug–receptor systems via nonequilibrium alchemical simulations: application to the FK506-related immunophilin ligands. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:15005-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05521k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fast switch double annihilation method (FS-DAM) provides an effective mean to the compute the binding free energies in drug-receptor systems. Here we present an application to the FK506-related ligands of the FKBP12 protein.
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