1
|
Thongseesuksai T, Boonmars T, Laummaunwai P. Comparison of Three Methods to Extract Plasmodium falciparum DNA from Whole Blood and Dried Blood Spots. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:220-227. [PMID: 38227960 PMCID: PMC10859813 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of three DNA extraction methods: the GF-1 Blood DNA Extraction Kit (GF-1 BD Kit), which employs a spin column along with lysing and washing buffers; the tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and proteinase K (TE-pK) method, which utilizes a combination of TE buffer and proteinase K for cell lysis; and DNAzol® Direct (DN 131), a single reagent combined with heating for the extraction process. Plasmodium falciparum DNA was extracted from both whole blood and dried blook spots (DBSs), with consideration of DNA concentration, purity, cost, time requirement, and limit of parasite detection (LOD) for each method. The target gene in this study was 18S rRNA, resulting in a 395-bp product using specific primers. In the comparative analysis, the DN 131 method yielded significantly higher DNA quantities from whole blood and DBSs than the GF-1 BD Kit and TE-pK methods. In addition, the DNA purity obtained from whole blood and DBSs using the GF-1 BD Kit significantly exceeded that obtained using the TE-pK and DN 131 methods. For LOD, the whole blood extracted using the DN 131, GF-1 BD Kit, and TE-pK methods revealed 0.012, 0.012, and 1.6 parasites/µL, respectively. In the case of DBSs, the LODs for the DN 131, GF-1 BD Kit, and TE-pK methods were 1.6, 8, and 200 parasites/µL, respectively. The results revealed that the TE-pK method was the most cost-effective, whereas the DN 131 method showed the simplest protocol. These findings offer alternative approaches for extracting Plasmodium DNA that are particularly well-suited for large-scale studies conducted in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thidarut Boonmars
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Neglected Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Porntip Laummaunwai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Neglected Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hergott DEB, Owalla TJ, Balkus JE, Apio B, Lema J, Cemeri B, Akileng A, Seilie AM, Chavtur C, Staubus W, Chang M, Egwang TG, Murphy SC. Feasibility of community at-home dried blood spot collection combined with pooled reverse transcription PCR as a viable and convenient method for malaria epidemiology studies. Malar J 2022; 21:221. [PMID: 35836179 PMCID: PMC9284728 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many Plasmodium infections in endemic regions exist at densities below the limit of detection of standard diagnostic tools. These infections threaten control efforts and may impact vaccine and therapeutic drug studies. Simple, cost-effective methods are needed to study the natural history of asymptomatic submicroscopic parasitaemia. Self-collected dried blood spots (DBS) analysed using pooled and individual quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) provide such a solution. Here, the feasibility and acceptability of daily at-home DBS collections for qRT-PCR was studied to better understand low-density infections. Methods Rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-negative individuals in Katakwi District, northeastern Uganda, were recruited between April and May 2021. Venous blood samples and clinic-collected DBS were taken at enrollment and at four weekly clinic visits. Participants were trained in DBS collection and asked to collect six DBS weekly between clinic visits. Opinions about the collection process were solicited using daily Diary Cards and a Likert scale survey at the final study visit. Venous blood and DBS were analysed by Plasmodium 18S rRNA qRT-PCR. The number of participants completing the study, total DBS collected, and opinions of the process were analysed to determine compliance and acceptability. The human internal control mRNA and Plasmodium 18S rRNA were evaluated for at-home vs. clinic-collected DBS and venous blood to assess quality and accuracy of at-home collected samples. Results One-hundred two adults and 29 children were enrolled, and 95 and 26 completed the study, respectively. Three individuals withdrew due to pain or inconvenience of procedures. Overall, 96% of participants collected ≥ 16 of 24 at-home DBS, and 87% of DBS contained ≥ 40 µL of blood. The procedure was well tolerated and viewed favourably by participants. At-home collected DBS were acceptable for qRT-PCR and showed less than a one qRT-PCR cycle threshold shift in the human control mRNA compared to clinic-collected DBS. Correlation between Plasmodium falciparum 18S rRNA from paired whole blood and DBS was high (R = 0.93). Conclusions At-home DBS collection is a feasible, acceptable, and robust method to obtain blood to evaluate the natural history of low-density Plasmodium infections by qRT-PCR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04239-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianna E B Hergott
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tonny J Owalla
- Med Biotech Laboratories, P.O. Box 9364, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jennifer E Balkus
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jimmy Lema
- Med Biotech Laboratories, P.O. Box 9364, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Barbara Cemeri
- Med Biotech Laboratories, P.O. Box 9364, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew Akileng
- Med Biotech Laboratories, P.O. Box 9364, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Annette M Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Chavtur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Weston Staubus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ming Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., F870, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aschar M, Sanchez MCA, Costa-Nascimento MDJ, Farinas MDLRN, Hristov AD, Lima GFMC, Inoue J, Levi JE, Di Santi SM. Ultrasensitive molecular tests for Plasmodium detection: applicability in control and elimination programs and reference laboratories. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e11. [PMID: 35355692 PMCID: PMC8959250 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate molecular tools to detect low-level parasitemia and the five species of Plasmodium that infect humans for use in control and elimination programs, and in reference laboratories. Methods. We evaluated 145 blood samples from patients who tested positive by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR), from asymptomatic individuals and from the WHO Global Malaria Programme/United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service. Samples were assayed using the genus-specific RealStar® Malaria PCR Kit 1.0 (alt-Gen; altona Diagnostics) and the RealStar® Malaria Screen & Type PCR Kit (alt-S&T; altona Diagnostics). The results from the molecular tests were compared with those from quantitative PCR (qPCR), nPCR and thick blood smear. Results. The levels of parasitemia ranged from 1 to 518 000 parasites/µL, depending on the species. Compared with nPCR, alt-S&T had a sensitivity of 100%, except for identifying P. falciparum, for which the sensitivity was 93.94%. All samples positive by alt-Gen were also positive by nPCR. When comparing alt-Gen to qPCR, the sensitivity was 100% for P. vivax, P. malariae and P. falciparum. For all Plasmodium species, the correlation between cycle threshold values of alt-S&T and alt-Gen compared with qPCR was significant (P < 0.0001, Spearman’s test), with r = 0.8621 for alt-S&T and r = 0.9371 for alt-Gen. When all Plasmodium species were considered, there was a negative correlation between the level of parasitemia and real-time PCR cycle threshold values (P < 0.0001). In this study, only 2 of 28 samples from asymptomatic individuals were positive by thick blood smear; however, all 28 of these samples were positive by alt-S&T. Conclusions. The alt-Gen and alt-S&T assays are suitable for detecting submicroscopic infections for distinct epidemiological purposes, such as for use in surveys and reference laboratories, and screening in blood banks, which will contribute to global efforts to eliminate malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Aschar
- Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmen A Sanchez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria de Jesus Costa-Nascimento
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo/Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo/Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes R N Farinas
- Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica D Hristov
- Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle F M C Lima
- Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Inoue
- Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José E Levi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia M Di Santi
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo/Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo/Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fitri LE, Widaningrum T, Endharti AT, Prabowo MH, Winaris N, Nugraha RYB. Malaria diagnostic update: From conventional to advanced method. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24314. [PMID: 35247002 PMCID: PMC8993657 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Update diagnostic methods play essential roles in dealing with the current global malaria situation and decreasing malaria incidence. AIM Global malaria control programs require the availability of adequate laboratory tests in the quick and convenient field. RESULTS There are several methods to find out the existence of parasites within the blood. The oldest one is by microscopy, which is still a gold standard, although rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have rapidly become a primary diagnostic test in many endemic areas. Because of microscopy and RDTs limitation, novel serological and molecular methods have been developed. Many kinds of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provide rapid results and higher specificity and sensitivity. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and biosensing-based molecular techniques as point of care tests (POCT) will become a cost-effective approach to advance diagnostic testing. CONCLUSION Despite conventional techniques are still being used in the field, the exploration and field implementation of advanced techniques for the diagnosis of malaria are still being developed rapidly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loeki Enggar Fitri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Tarina Widaningrum
- Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Tri Endharti
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hatta Prabowo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science Universitas Islam Indonesia, Sleman, Indonesia
| | - Nuning Winaris
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Rivo Yudhinata Brian Nugraha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mahittikorn A, Masangkay FR, Kotepui KU, De Jesus Milanez G, Kotepui M. Comparative performance of PCR using DNA extracted from dried blood spots and whole blood samples for malaria diagnosis: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4845. [PMID: 33649410 PMCID: PMC7921648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from dried blood spots (DBS) provides a fast, inexpensive, and convenient method for large-scale epidemiological studies. This study compared the performance of PCR between DNA extracted from DBS and DNA obtained from whole blood for detecting malarial parasites. Primary studies assessing the diagnostic performance of PCR using DNA extracted from DBS and whole blood for detecting malarial parasites were obtained from the ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were plotted in forest plots using Review Manager version 5.3. Statistical analysis was performed via random-effects meta-analysis. Data heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Of the 904 studies retrieved from the databases, seven were included in this study. The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the comparative performance of PCR for detecting malaria parasites between DNA extracted from DBS and that extracted from whole blood (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.62–1.16; I2 = 78%). However, subgroup analysis demonstrated that PCR using DNA extracted from DBS was less accurate in detecting Plasmodium vivax than that using DNA extracted from whole blood (OR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.77–0.94). In conclusion, a significant difference in detecting P. vivax was observed between PCR using DNA extracted from DBS and that using DNA extracted from whole blood. Therefore, P. vivax in endemic areas should be identified and detected with care with PCR using DNA obtained from DBS which potentially leads to a negative result. Further studies are required to investigate the performance of PCR using DBS for detecting P. vivax and other malarial parasites to provide data in research and routine surveillance of malaria, especially with renewed efforts towards the eradication of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aongart Mahittikorn
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Frederick Ramirez Masangkay
- Department of Medical Technology, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Giovanni De Jesus Milanez
- Department of Medical Technology, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Manas Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lufungulo Bahati Y, Delanghe J, Bisimwa Balaluka G, Sadiki Kishabongo A, Philippé J. Asymptomatic Submicroscopic Plasmodium Infection Is Highly Prevalent and Is Associated with Anemia in Children Younger than 5 Years in South Kivu/Democratic Republic of Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:1048-1055. [PMID: 32124722 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important problems in controlling malaria is the limited access to effective and accurate diagnosis of malaria parasitemia. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and the relationship with asymptomatic submicroscopic Plasmodium infection. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,088 apparently healthy children aged between 6 and 59 months selected at random in the health zone of Miti Murhesa in South Kivu/DRC. Capillary blood was obtained for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration measurement by Hemocue® Hb 301. Malaria detection was performed by microscopy and the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Anemia was defined as Hb < 11g/dL. We applied the chi-square test for comparisons, and multiple logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for anemia and submicroscopic Plasmodium infection. The prevalence of anemia was 39.6%, and the prevalence of parasitemia was 15.9% and 34.0% using microscopy and LAMP test, respectively. Submicroscopic Plasmodium infection was found in 22.3% of the children. The independent risk factors for anemia are Plasmodium infection, children younger than 24 months, low middle-upper arm circumference, and history of illness two weeks before. Otherwise, children with submicroscopic malaria infection have a significantly increased risk for anemia, with a need of transfusion. The prevalence of malaria infection was underestimated, when microscopy was used to diagnose malaria. Children with low parasitemia detected by LAMP but not by microscopy showed a significantly increased prevalence of anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Lufungulo Bahati
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jan Philippé
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roth JM, Korevaar DA, Leeflang MMG, Mens PF. Molecular malaria diagnostics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 53:87-105. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1084991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
8
|
Canier L, Khim N, Kim S, Eam R, Khean C, Loch K, Ken M, Pannus P, Bosman P, Stassijns J, Nackers F, Alipon S, Char MC, Chea N, Etienne W, De Smet M, Kindermans JM, Ménard D. Malaria PCR detection in Cambodian low-transmission settings: dried blood spots versus venous blood samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 92:573-7. [PMID: 25561570 PMCID: PMC4350552 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of malaria elimination, novel strategies for detecting very low malaria parasite densities in asymptomatic individuals are needed. One of the major limitations of the malaria parasite detection methods is the volume of blood samples being analyzed. The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of a malaria polymerase chain reaction assay, from dried blood spots (DBS, 5 μL) and different volumes of venous blood (50 μL, 200 μL, and 1 mL). The limit of detection of the polymerase chain reaction assay, using calibrated Plasmodium falciparum blood dilutions, showed that venous blood samples (50 μL, 200 μL, 1 mL) combined with Qiagen extraction methods gave a similar threshold of 100 parasites/mL, ∼100-fold lower than 5 μL DBS/Instagene method. On a set of 521 field samples, collected in two different transmission areas in northern Cambodia, no significant difference in the proportion of parasite carriers, regardless of the methods used was found. The 5 μL DBS method missed 27% of the samples detected by the 1 mL venous blood method, but most of the missed parasites carriers were infected by Plasmodium vivax (84%). The remaining missed P. falciparum parasite carriers (N = 3) were only detected in high-transmission areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Canier
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nimol Khim
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Saorin Kim
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rotha Eam
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chanra Khean
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kaknika Loch
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Malen Ken
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Pieter Pannus
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Bosman
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jorgen Stassijns
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Fabienne Nackers
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - SweetC Alipon
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Meng Chuor Char
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nguon Chea
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - William Etienne
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Martin De Smet
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jean-Marie Kindermans
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Didier Ménard
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Tuol Svay Prey I, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Strøm GEA, Moyo S, Fataki M, Langeland N, Blomberg B. PCR targeting Plasmodium mitochondrial genome of DNA extracted from dried blood on filter paper compared to whole blood. Malar J 2014; 13:137. [PMID: 24708551 PMCID: PMC3983671 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring mortality and morbidity attributable to malaria is paramount to achieve elimination of malaria. Diagnosis of malaria is challenging and PCR is a reliable method for identifying malaria with high sensitivity. However, blood specimen collection and transport can be challenging and obtaining dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper by finger-prick may have advantages over collecting whole blood by venepuncture. METHODS DBS and whole blood were collected from febrile children admitted at the general paediatric wards at a referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. DNA extracted from whole blood and from DBS was tested with a genus-specific PCR targeting the mitochondrial Plasmodium genome. Positive samples by PCR of DNA from whole blood were tested with species-specific PCR targeting the 18S rRNA locus, or sequencing if species-specific PCR was negative. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and thin blood smear microscopy was carried out on all patients where remnant whole blood and a blood slide, respectively, were available. RESULTS Positivity of PCR was 24.5 (78/319) and 11.2% (52/442) by whole blood and DBS, respectively. All samples positive on DBS were also positive on Plasmodium falciparum species-specific PCR. All RDT positive cases were also positive by DBS PCR. All but three cases with positive blood slides were also positive by DBS. CONCLUSIONS In this study, PCR for malaria mitochondrial DNA extracted from whole blood was more sensitive than from DBS. However, DBS are a practical alternative to whole blood and detected approximately the same number of cases as RDTs and, therefore, remain relevant for research purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gro E A Strøm
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smit PW, Elliott I, Peeling RW, Mabey D, Newton PN. An overview of the clinical use of filter paper in the diagnosis of tropical diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90:195-210. [PMID: 24366501 PMCID: PMC3919219 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical infectious diseases diagnosis and surveillance are often hampered by difficulties of sample collection and transportation. Filter paper potentially provides a useful medium to help overcome such problems. We reviewed the literature on the use of filter paper, focusing on the evaluation of nucleic acid and serological assays for diagnosis of infectious diseases using dried blood spots (DBS) compared with recognized gold standards. We reviewed 296 eligible studies and included 101 studies evaluating DBS and 192 studies on other aspects of filter paper use. We also discuss the use of filter paper with other body fluids and for tropical veterinary medicine. In general, DBS perform with sensitivities and specificities similar or only slightly inferior to gold standard sample types. However, important problems were revealed with the uncritical use of DBS, inappropriate statistical analysis, and lack of standardized methodology. DBS have great potential to empower healthcare workers by making laboratory-based diagnostic tests more readily accessible, but additional and more rigorous research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter W. Smit
- Leiden Cytology and Pathology Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital–Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic; Department of Infectious Diseases, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Elliott
- Leiden Cytology and Pathology Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital–Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic; Department of Infectious Diseases, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paul N. Newton
- Leiden Cytology and Pathology Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital–Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic; Department of Infectious Diseases, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song Y, Fahs A, Feldman C, Shah S, Gu Y, Wang Y, Machado RF, Wunderink RG, Chen J. A reliable and effective method of DNA isolation from old human blood paper cards. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:616. [PMID: 24307984 PMCID: PMC3847035 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Blood paper cards provide an effective DNA storage method. In this study, we used three DNA dissolving reagents (Tris-EDTA [TE] buffer, Tris–HCl buffer, and water) and one common commercially available kit (DN131 from MRC Inc) to elute DNA from 105 human blood paper cards collected up to 10 years ago. These DNA samples were used as templates for amplification of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, C125T) region of human caspase-12 by PCR and a specific Taqman genotyping assay using the same amount of DNA. We show that DNA isolated by Tris–HCl buffer has higher yield and quality in comparison to DN131 solution. PCR success rate to amplify caspase-12 C125T SNP using Tris–HCl is comparable to the method using DN131 (89.5% vs 87.6%). The Taqman genotyping success rate using Tris–HCl is higher than using DN131 (81.9% vs 70.5%). Using TE or water, PCR success rates are lower than using DN131 (73.3% [TE]; 72.4% [H2O]), but Taqman genotyping success rates are comparable to the method using DN131 (70.5% [TE]; 79.1% [H2O]). We concluded that using Tris–HCl is a reliable and effective method to elute DNA from old human blood paper cards. The crude DNA isolated by Tris–HCl can be used to study genetic polymorphisms in human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Plamen A. Demirev
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel,
Maryland 20723, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karimian F, Sedaghat MM, Oshaghi MA, Mohtarami F, Dehkordi AS, Koosha M, Akbari S, Hashemi-Aghdam SS. Utility of filter paper for preserving insects, bacteria, and host reservoir DNA for molecular testing. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES 2011; 5:42-50. [PMID: 22808417 PMCID: PMC3385577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate methodology for storage biological materials, extraction of DNA, and proper DNA preservation is vital for studies involving genetic analysis of insects, bacteria, and reservoir hosts as well as for molecular diagnostics of pathogens carried by vectors and reservoirs. Here we tried to evaluate the utility of a simple filter paper-based for storage of insects, bacteria, rodent, and human DNAs using PCR assays. METHODS Total body or haemolymph of individual mosquitoes, sand flies or cockroaches squashed or placed on the paper respectively. Extracted DNA of five different bacteria species as well as blood specimens of human and great gerbil Rhombomys opimus was pipetted directly onto filter paper. The papers were stored in room temperature up to 12 months during 2009 until 2011. At monthly intervals, PCR was conducted using a 1-mm disk from the DNA impregnated filter paper as target DNA. PCR amplification was performed against different target genes of the organisms including the ITS2-rDNA of mosquitoes, mtDNA-COI of the sand flies and cockroaches, 16SrRNA gene of the bacteria, and the mtDNA-CytB of the vertebrates. RESULTS Successful PCR amplification was observed for all of the specimens regardless of the loci, taxon, or time of storage. The PCR amplification were ranged from 462 to 1500 bp and worked well for the specified target gene/s. Time of storage did not affect the amplification up to one year. CONCLUSION The filter paper method is a simple and economical way to store, to preserve, and to distribute DNA samples for PCR analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - MA Oshaghi
- Corresponding author: Dr Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|