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For: Brisou G, Manzoni D, Dalle S, Felman P, Morel D, Boubaya M, Magaud JP, Baseggio L. Alarms and parameters generated by hematology analyzer: new tools to predict and quantify circulating Sezary cells. J Clin Lab Anal 2014;29:153-61. [PMID: 24652675 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open

For:	Brisou G, Manzoni D, Dalle S, Felman P, Morel D, Boubaya M, Magaud JP, Baseggio L. Alarms and parameters generated by hematology analyzer: new tools to predict and quantify circulating Sezary cells. J Clin Lab Anal 2014;29:153-61. [PMID: 24652675 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Poutakidou D, Ruth I, Gulbis B. Differential diagnosis of lymphocytosis in routine laboratory practice: Contribution of lymphocyte parameters using the Sysmex-XN9000 haematology analyzer. Int J Lab Hematol 2023;45:685-690. [PMID: 37218119 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

This study investigates the potential contribution of structural and dispersion parameters, as well as alarms provided by Sysmex XN9000 haematology analyzer. The objective was to assess the need for a microscopic examination in the context of lymphocytosis. It also aims to contribute in differentiating rapidly lymphoproliferative disorders such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), non-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (NON-CLL) and non-infectious reactive lymphocytosis (REAC).

METHODS

We prospectively assessed lymphocyte parameters (Ly-X, Ly-Y, Ly-Z, Ly-WX, Ly-WY, Ly-WZ) provided by the Sysmex XN9000 analyzer; they were measured in the white blood cell differential (WDF) channel which also provides alarms via the precursor/pathological cellular channel (WPC). Blood samples from 71 subjects with CLL, NON-CLL lymphoproliferative and REAC non-infectious reactive lymphocytosis, as well as a control (NORM) group of 12 subjects without any abnormalities were analyzed.

RESULTS

The most discriminating parameters to distinguish the different groups were Ly-X, Ly-Z and Ly-WZ. The lymphoid structural parameters Ly-X and Ly-Z significantly discriminated the CLL group from the other groups (p < 0.001), and the CLL group from the REAC group (p < 0.01), respectively. The Ly-WZ parameter discriminated the CLL group from the NON-CLL, REAC (p < 0.001) and NORM (p < 0.01) groups. Alarms were higher in all study groups compared to the NORM group. An algorithm integrating these structural and alarm parameters is proposed.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that Ly-X, Ly-Z, and Ly-WZ lymphocyte parameters are useful for detecting morphological changes in lymphocytes; they provide useful information for the differential diagnosis of lymphocytosis, and this before the examination of the blood smear. An algorithm combining the WDF (parameters) and the WPC (alarms) makes it possible to decide whether or not to use a microscopic examination or flow cytometry immunophenotyping.

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Akbari P, Vuckovic D, Stefanucci L, Jiang T, Kundu K, Kreuzhuber R, Bao EL, Collins JH, Downes K, Grassi L, Guerrero JA, Kaptoge S, Knight JC, Meacham S, Sambrook J, Seyres D, Stegle O, Verboon JM, Walter K, Watkins NA, Danesh J, Roberts DJ, Di Angelantonio E, Sankaran VG, Frontini M, Burgess S, Kuijpers T, Peters JE, Butterworth AS, Ouwehand WH, Soranzo N, Astle WJ. A genome-wide association study of blood cell morphology identifies cellular proteins implicated in disease aetiology. Nat Commun 2023;14:5023. [PMID: 37596262 PMCID: PMC10439125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

Parsa Akbari British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, East Forvie Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
Dragana Vuckovic Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Luca Stefanucci Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
Tao Jiang British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
Kousik Kundu Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
Roman Kreuzhuber Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
Erik L Bao Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
Janine H Collins Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK Department of Haematology, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, London, E1 1BB, UK
Kate Downes Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
Luigi Grassi Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge BioResource, Box 229, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
Jose A Guerrero Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
Stephen Kaptoge British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
Julian C Knight Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
Stuart Meacham Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
Jennifer Sambrook Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge BioResource, Box 229, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
Denis Seyres Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge BioResource, Box 229, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
Oliver Stegle European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
Jeffrey M Verboon Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Klaudia Walter Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
Nicholas A Watkins National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
John Danesh British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
David J Roberts The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre-Haematology Theme, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
Emanuele Di Angelantonio British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK Health Data Science Research Centre, Fondazione Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, Milan, 20157, Italy
Vijay G Sankaran Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
Mattia Frontini Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
Stephen Burgess British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, East Forvie Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
Taco Kuijpers Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, CB2 0PT, UK Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
James E Peters Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, The Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
Adam S Butterworth British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK. The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK. British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK. Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Willem H Ouwehand Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK. National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK. Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, WC1E 6AS, London, UK.
Nicole Soranzo Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK. The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK. Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK. British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. Genomics Research Centre, Fondazione Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, Milan, 20157, Italy.
William J Astle Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, East Forvie Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK. The National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK. National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.

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Birindelli S, Tarkowski MS, Gallucci M, Schiuma M, Covizzi A, Lewkowicz P, Aloisio E, Falvella FS, Dolci A, Riva A, Galli M, Panteghini M. Definition of the Immune Parameters Related to COVID-19 Severity. Front Immunol 2022;13:850846. [PMID: 35371011 PMCID: PMC8971756 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open

Abstract

A relevant portion of patients with disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) experience negative outcome, and several laboratory tests have been proposed to predict disease severity. Among others, dramatic changes in peripheral blood cells have been described. We developed and validated a laboratory score solely based on blood cell parameters to predict survival in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We retrospectively analyzed 1,619 blood cell count from 226 consecutively hospitalized COVID-19 patients to select parameters for inclusion in a laboratory score predicting severity of disease and survival. The score was derived from lymphocyte- and granulocyte-associated parameters and validated on a separate cohort of 140 consecutive COVID-19 patients. Using ROC curve analysis, a best cutoff for score of 30.6 was derived, which was associated to an overall 82.0% sensitivity (95% CI: 78–84) and 82.5% specificity (95% CI: 80–84) for detecting outcome. The scoring trend effectively separated survivor and non-survivor groups, starting 2 weeks before the end of the hospitalization period. Patients’ score time points were also classified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical according to the symptomatic oxygen therapy administered. Fluctuations of the score should be recorded to highlight a favorable or unfortunate trend of the disease. The predictive score was found to reflect and anticipate the disease gravity, defined by the type of the oxygen support used, giving a proof of its clinical relevance. It offers a fast and reliable tool for supporting clinical decisions and, most important, triage in terms of not only prioritization but also allocation of limited medical resources, especially in the period when therapies are still symptomatic and many are under development. In fact, a prolonged and progressive increase of the score can suggest impaired chances of survival and/or an urgent need for intensive care unit admission.

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Cornet E, Comte E, Baseggio L. The structural parameters and flags of the Sysmex XN™ analyser: Are they discriminative between reactive and malignant lymphocytosis in the context of lymphocyte counts above 5 × 10⁹ /L in adults? Int J Lab Hematol 2021;43:e261-e263. [PMID: 34118132 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]

Seghezzi M, Buoro S, Previtali G, Moioli V, Manenti B, Simon-Lopez R, Ottomano C, Lippi G. A Preliminary Proposal for Quality Control Assessment and Harmonization of Leukocytes Morphology-structural Parameters (cell Population Data Parameters). J Med Biochem 2018;37:486-498. [PMID: 30584409 PMCID: PMC6298477 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open

Buoro S, Carobene A, Seghezzi M, Manenti B, Pacioni A, Ceriotti F, Ottomano C, Lippi G. Short- and medium-term biological variation estimates of leukocytes extended to differential count and morphology-structural parameters (cell population data) in blood samples obtained from healthy people. Clin Chim Acta 2017;473:147-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]

Furundarena JR, Uranga A, Sainz MR, González C, Uresandi N, Argoitia N, Araiz M. Usefulness of the lymphocyte positional parameters in the Sysmex XN haematology analyser in lymphoproliferative disorders and mononucleosis syndrome. Int J Lab Hematol 2017;40:41-48. [PMID: 28868635 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]