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Wu X, Li L, Jinhabure, Xiaofeng, Eerdunchaolu. Radix Sophorae Flavescentis of Sophora flavescens Aiton inhibits LPS-induced macrophage pro-inflammatory response via regulating CFHR2 expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118210. [PMID: 38641074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Long-term chronic inflammation often leads to chronic diseases. Although Sophora flavescens has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, its detailed molecular mechanism is still unknown. AIM OF STUDY This study investigated the effect of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis on the LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS LPS was used to induce the peritoneal macrophages to simulate the inflammatory environment in vitro. Different concentrations of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis-containing (medicated) serum were used for intervention. The peritoneal macrophages were identified by using hematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescence staining. ELISA was used to measure the TNF-α and IL-6 expression to determine the concentration of LPS. ELISA and Western blot (WB) were used to detect the PGE2 and CFHR2 expression in each group, respectively. The lentiviral vector for interference and overexpression of the CFHR2 gene was constructed, packaged, and transfected into LPS-induced macrophages. The transfection efficiency was verified by WB. Then, ELISA was used to detect the TNF-α, PGE2, and IL-6 expression. WB was used to detect the CFHR2, iNOS, COX-2, TLR2, TLR4, IFN-γ, STAT1, and p-STAT1 expression. RESULTS The primary isolated cells were identified as macrophages. The LPS-treated macrophages exhibited significantly higher expression of PGE2 and CFHR2, and the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6, as well as iNOS, COX-2, TLR2, TLR4, IFN-γ, STAT1, and p-STAT1 expression compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The TNF-α, PGE2, and IL-6 levels, as well as CFHR2, iNOS, COX-2, TLR2, TLR4, IFN-γ, STAT1, and p-STAT1 expression were considerably lower in the LPS-induced+10% medicated-serum group, LPS-induced+20% medicated-serum group, and shCFHR interference group compared with the LPS group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Radix Sophorae Flavescentis might mediate CFHR2 expression and play an important role in inhibiting the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response of macrophages. Radix Sophorae Flavescentis could be a potential treatment for LPS-induced related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wu
- Mongolian Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao City, 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Department of Mongolian Medicine, Liaoning Province Mongolian Medicine Hospital, Fuxin City, 123199, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Li Li
- Second Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao City, 028007, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Jinhabure
- Medicated Bath Department, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao City, 028007, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng
- First Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao City, 028007, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Eerdunchaolu
- Mongolian Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao City, 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Serum Samples for Discovery and Validation of Tuberculosis Diagnostic Biomarker Signature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213733. [PMID: 36430211 PMCID: PMC9694769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a transmissible disease listed as one of the 10 leading causes of death worldwide (10 million infected in 2019). A swift and precise diagnosis is essential to forestall its transmission, for which the discovery of effective diagnostic biomarkers is crucial. In this study, we aimed to discover molecular biomarkers for the early diagnosis of tuberculosis. Two independent cohorts comprising 29 and 34 subjects were assayed by proteomics, and 49 were included for metabolomic analysis. All subjects were arranged into three experimental groups—healthy controls (controls), latent TB infection (LTBI), and TB patients. LC-MS/MS blood serum protein and metabolite levels were submitted to univariate, multivariate, and ROC analysis. From the 149 proteins quantified in the discovery set, 25 were found to be differentially abundant between controls and TB patients. The AUC, specificity, and sensitivity, determined by ROC statistical analysis of the model composed of four of these proteins considering both proteomic sets, were 0.96, 93%, and 91%, respectively. The five metabolites (9-methyluric acid, indole-3-lactic acid, trans-3-indoleacrylic acid, hexanoylglycine, and N-acetyl-L-leucine) that better discriminate the control and TB patient groups (VIP > 1.75) from a total of 92 metabolites quantified in both ionization modes were submitted to ROC analysis. An AUC = 1 was determined, with all samples being correctly assigned to the respective experimental group. An integrated ROC analysis enrolling one protein and four metabolites was also performed for the common control and TB patients in the proteomic and metabolomic groups. This combined signature correctly assigned the 12 controls and 12 patients used only for prediction (AUC = 1, specificity = 100%, and sensitivity = 100%). This multiomics approach revealed a biomarker signature for tuberculosis diagnosis that could be potentially used for developing a point-of-care diagnosis clinical test.
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Huang Y, Ai L, Wang X, Sun Z, Wang F. Review and Updates on the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195826. [PMID: 36233689 PMCID: PMC9570811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of tuberculosis, and especially the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, still faces challenges in clinical practice. There are several reasons for this. Methods based on the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are insufficiently sensitive, methods based on the detection of Mtb-specific immune responses cannot always differentiate active disease from latent infection, and some of the serological markers of infection with Mtb are insufficiently specific to differentiate tuberculosis from other inflammatory diseases. New tools based on technologies such as flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, high-throughput sequencing, and artificial intelligence have the potential to solve this dilemma. The aim of this review was to provide an updated overview of current efforts to optimize classical diagnostic methods, as well as new molecular and other methodologies, for accurate diagnosis of patients with Mtb infection.
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Irmscher S, Zipfel SLH, Halder LD, Ivanov L, Gonzalez-Delgado A, Waldeyer C, Seiffert M, Brunner FJ, von der Heide M, Löschmann I, Wulf S, Czamara D, Papac-Milicevic N, Strauß O, Lorkowski S, Reichenspurner H, Holers MV, Banda NK, Zeller T, Binder EB, Binder CJ, Wiech T, Zipfel PF, Skerka C. Factor H-related protein 1 (FHR-1) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22511. [PMID: 34795372 PMCID: PMC8602345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is a lipid-driven inflammatory disease and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Lipid deposits in the arterial wall lead to the formation of plaques that involve lipid oxidation, cellular necrosis, and complement activation, resulting in inflammation and thrombosis. The present study found that homozygous deletion of the CFHR1 gene, which encodes the plasma complement protein factor H-related protein 1 (FHR-1), was protective in two cohorts of patients with ACVD, suggesting that FHR-1 accelerates inflammation and exacerbates the disease. To test this hypothesis, FHR-1 was isolated from human plasma and was found to circulate on extracellular vesicles and to be deposited in atherosclerotic plaques. Surface-bound FHR-1 induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue factor in both monocytes and neutrophils. Notably, plasma concentrations of FHR-1, but not of factor H, were significantly (p < 0.001) elevated in patients with ACVD, and correlated with the expression of the inflammation markers C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein serum amyloid protein A, and neopterin. FHR-1 expression also significantly correlated with plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p < 0.0001) but not high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Taken together, these findings suggest that FHR-1 is associated with ACVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Irmscher
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svante L H Zipfel
- Clinic for Heart and Visceral Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Medical University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luke D Halder
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Lia Ivanov
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Andres Gonzalez-Delgado
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Waldeyer
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Medical University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Seiffert
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Medical University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Brunner
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Medical University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika von der Heide
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Löschmann
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sonia Wulf
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Strauß
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité -University Medicine Berlin, a Corporate Member of Free University, Humboldt-University and the Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Clinic for Heart and Visceral Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Medical University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael V Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
| | - Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
| | - Tania Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Medical University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter F Zipfel
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Skerka
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.
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Geng Y, Li G, Zhang L. The Impact of COVID-19 Interventions on Influenza and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection. Front Public Health 2021; 9:672568. [PMID: 34095074 PMCID: PMC8175651 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.672568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of public health interventions have been implemented to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in China. However, the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions to COVID-19 on the incidence of the influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections is not clear. In current study, we analyzed surveillance data on influenza and Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Henan Provincial People’s Hospital in Zhengzhou, Henan province, China from 2019 to 2020. The monthly positive test rate for influenza and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to estimate transmissibility changes was calculated. The positive detection rate of influenza A declined significantly during the implementation of inventions in 2020, from a total positive rate of 17.69% in 2019 to 5.77% in 2020. Similarly, a 2.15% reduction in positive detective rate was seen for influenza B, from a total positive rate of 5.15% in 2019 to 3% in 2020. The positive rate curve of Mycobacterium tuberculosis measured by x-pert in 2020 remained above the curve in 2019 from March to June, and August, showing the rising trend under these precautions. Our study suggests that non-pharmaceutical public health interventions likely reduced influenza transmission significantly and have less effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Peolple's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Peolple's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
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Skerka C, Pradel G, Halder LD, Zipfel PF, Zipfel SLH, Strauß O. Factor H-related protein 1: a complement regulatory protein and guardian of necrotic-type surfaces. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2823-2831. [PMID: 33085794 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor H-related protein 1 (FHR-1) is a member of the factor H protein family, which is involved in regulating innate immune complement reactions. Genetic modification of the encoding gene, CFHR1 on human chromosome 1, is involved in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, C3 glomerulopathy and atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome, indicating an important role for FHR-1 in human health. Recent research data demonstrate that FHR-1 levels increase in IgA nephropathy and anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) vasculitis and that FHR-1 induces strong inflammation in monocytes on necrotic-type surfaces, suggesting a complement-independent role. These new results increase our knowledge about the role of this complement protein in pathology and provide a new therapeutic target, particularly in the context of inflammatory diseases induced by necrosis. This review summarizes current knowledge about FHR-1 and discusses its role in complement reactions and inflammation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Canonical and non-canonical functions of the complement system in health and disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Skerka
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pradel
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Luke D Halder
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter F Zipfel
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Svante L H Zipfel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Strauß
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
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Chen X, Jia X, Lei H, Wen X, Hao Y, Ma Y, Ye J, Wang C, Gao J. Screening and identification of serum biomarkers of osteoarticular tuberculosis based on mass spectrometry. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23297. [PMID: 32162728 PMCID: PMC7370717 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of the current difficulty of clinically diagnosing osteoarticular tuberculosis, our aim was to use mass spectrometry to establish diagnostic models and to screen and identify serum proteins which could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of osteoarticular tuberculosis. METHODS Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to select an osteoarticular tuberculosis-specific serum peptide profile and establish diagnostic models. Further, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify potential serum biomarkers that could be used for auxiliary diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis, and then clinical serum samples were used to verify these biomarkers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We established four diagnostic models that can distinguish osteoarticular tuberculosis from rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarticular infections, and healthy adults. The models were osteoarticular tuberculosis-rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarticular tuberculosis-ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarticular tuberculosis-osteoarticular infections, and osteoarticular tuberculosis-healthy adult, and their accuracy was 76.78%, 79.02%, 83.77%, and 88.16%, respectively. Next, we selected and identified 18 proteins, including complement factor H-related protein 1 (CFHR1) and complement factor H-related protein 2 (CFHR2), which were upregulated in the tuberculosis group only. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established four diagnostic models involving osteoarticular tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarticular infections, and healthy adults. Furthermore, we found that CFHR1 and CFHR2 may be two valuable auxiliary diagnostic indicators for osteoarticular tuberculosis. These results provide reference values for rapid and accurate diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Chen
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The 1st Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingwang Jia
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The 1st Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The 1st Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Ma
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyun Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The 1st Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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