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Yasuda A, Sasajima S, Kosaka T, Kubo K. Changes in tendon blood circulation and heart rate variability after intermittent compression to patellar and Achilles tendons. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2022; 97:105690. [PMID: 35696827 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare changes in tendon blood circulation and heart rate variability after intermittent compression to the patellar and Achilles tendons. METHODS Before the intermittent compression to tendons (3 min) and the recovery period (40 min), the blood volume and oxygen saturation of the patellar and Achilles tendons were measured using red laser lights. In addition, heart rate and ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency components of heart rate variability were measured. FINDINGS Blood volume and oxygen saturation of patellar and Achilles tendons significantly increased after intermittent compression stimulation (both p ≤ 0.001). There were no differences in increases of blood volume (p = 0.575) and oxygen saturation (p = 0.055) between patellar and Achilles tendons. For both tendons treatments, heart rate (p = 0.698) and ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency components of heart rate variability (p = 0.518) did not change during the experimental period. In addition, the change in blood volume for Achilles tendon was significantly correlated with that in heart rate but not ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency components of heart rate variability, whereas the change in blood volume for patellar tendon was not significantly correlated with that in the heart rate or ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency components of heart rate variability,. INTERPRETATION These results suggest that intermittent compression-induced changes in blood circulation were similar between patellar and Achilles tendons. In addition, the increase in blood volume after intermittent compression stimulation in the Achilles tendon would be related to the increased metabolism of the tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Yasuda
- Department of Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sasajima
- Department of Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kosaka
- Department of Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kubo
- Department of Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.
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Bakker GM. The current status of energy psychology: Extraordinary claims with less than ordinary evidence. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary M. Bakker
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia,
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Prevalence of Anxiety and Associated Factors among Pharmacy Students in Saudi Arabia: a Cross-Sectional Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2436538. [PMID: 33163532 PMCID: PMC7605948 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2436538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methods We used a cross-sectional design, and data collection was carried out over a period of two months from September 2018 to November 2018 using paper-based self-administered questionnaires. The General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale was used to measure and classify anxiety among the study participants. Results The prevalence of anxiety among pharmacy students was 49% (83 students); 44 students (25.9%) had mild anxiety, while 24 (14.1%) students had moderate anxiety, and 15 (8.8%) severe anxiety. There were statistically significant differences in anxiety scores according to faculty type (p = 0.2) and nutritional status (p = 0.4). Conclusion The findings of this study revealed that half of the pharmacy students suffered from anxiety incidence during their studies at the university. However, the majority of them are experiencing mild to moderate. This may have a significant impact on academic performance and necessitates special attention.
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Kubo K, Yajima H, Takayama M, Takakura N. Comparison of changes in blood circulation of patellar and Achilles tendons during and after acupuncture. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Kubo
- Department of Life Science The University of Tokyo Meguro, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Yajima
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Science Tokyo Japan
| | - Miho Takayama
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Science Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobuari Takakura
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Science Tokyo Japan
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Lee CM, Hunsley J. Evidence-Based Practice: Separating Science From Pseudoscience. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2015; 60:534-40. [PMID: 26720821 PMCID: PMC4679161 DOI: 10.1177/070674371506001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based practice (EBP) requires that clinicians be guided by the best available evidence. In this article, we address the impact of science and pseudoscience on psychotherapy in psychiatric practice. We describe the key principles of evidence-based intervention. We describe pseudoscience and provide illustrative examples of popular intervention practices that have not been abandoned, despite evidence that they are not efficacious and may be harmful. We distinguish efficacy from effectiveness, and describe modular approaches to treatment. Reasons for the persistence of practices that are not evidence based are examined at both the individual and the professional system level. Finally, we offer suggestions for the promotion of EBP through clinical practice guidelines, modelling of scientific decision making, and training in core skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Lee
- Professor, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - John Hunsley
- Professor, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
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Church D. Clinical EFT as an Evidence-Based Practice for the Treatment of Psychological and Physiological Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2013.48092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Biomedical Teleacupuncture between China and Austria Using Heart Rate Variability-Part 2: Patients with Depression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:145904. [PMID: 22570670 PMCID: PMC3337670 DOI: 10.1155/2012/145904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown in previous studies that the autonomic nervous system can be affected by acupuncture. Within this study, teleacupuncture between China and Austria is used for quantifying the effects of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in 33 Chinese patients (27 females, 6 males; mean age ± SD 49.5 ± 13.1 years; range 22–72 years) suffering from depression. Electrocardiographic signals before, during, and after acupuncture at the acupoint Baihui (GV20) were recorded in Harbin and analyzed in Graz using teleacupuncture. HRV data were analyzed in the time and frequency domain. Mean HR decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during and after acupuncture, whereas total HRV increased significantly after the third acupuncture stimulation period (P < 0.05) and also 5–10 minutes after (P < 0.05) acupuncture. The study shows that HRV could be a useful parameter for quantifying clinical effects of acupuncture on the autonomic nervous system.
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Wang L, Cheng G, Sheng Z, Niu Q, Cheng W, Feng X, Valentini J, Gaischek I, Gao X, Kuang H, Litscher G. Clinical Teleacupuncture between China and Austria Using Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Depression. Chin Med 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2011.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Massagram W, Hafner N, Macchiarulo L, Lubecke VM, Boric-Lubecke O. Digital Heart-Rate Variability Parameter Monitoring and Assessment ASIC. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2010; 4:19-26. [PMID: 23853306 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2009.2035555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes experimental results for an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), designed for digital heart rate variability (HRV) parameter monitoring and assessment. This ASIC chip measures beat-to-beat (RR) intervals and stores HRV parameters into its internal memory in real time. A wide range of short-term and long-term ECG signals obtained from Physionet was used for testing. The system detects R peaks with millisecond accuracy, and stores up to 2 min of continuous RR interval data and up to 4 min of RR interval histogram. The prototype chip was fabricated in a 0.5 ¿m complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology on a 3×3 mm(2) die area, with a measured dynamic power consumption of 10 ¿W and measured leakage current of 2.62 nA. The HRV monitoring system including this HRV ASIC, an analog-to-digital converter, and a low complexity microcontroller was estimated to consume 32.5 ¿V, which is seven times lower power than a stand-alone microcontroller performing the same functions. Compact size, low cost, and low power consumption make this chip suitable for a miniaturized portable HRV monitoring system.
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The Relationship between Study Anxiety and Academic Performance among Engineering Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rodríguez-Ruiz S, Ruiz-Padial E, Vera N, Fernández C, Anllo-Vento L, Vila J. Effect of Heart Rate Variability on Defensive Reaction and Eating Disorder Symptomatology in Chocolate Cravers. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803.23.3.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study examines the effect of heart rate variability (HRV) on the cardiac defence response (CDR) and eating disorder symptomatology in chocolate cravers. Female chocolate cravers (n = 36) and noncravers (n = 36) underwent a psychophysiological test to assess their HRV during a 5-min rest period, followed by three trials to explore the CDR, elicited by an intense white noise, during the viewing of chocolate, neutral, and unpleasant pictures. After the test, participants completed a questionnaire to measure eating disorder symptomatology. The HRV was inversely related to the magnitude of the CDR and to eating disorder symptomatology in chocolate cravers. In addition, the HRV was inversely related to the magnitude of the CDR when viewing unpleasant pictures but not to neutral or chocolate ones, across all participants. These findings support the idea that poor autonomic regulation, indexed by low HRV, plays a relevant role in food craving and uncontrolled eating behavior.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable progress has been made toward the development of evidence-based treatments for a wide range of psychological disorders; however, little is known about the mechanisms through which these treatments actually lead to clinical change. Although the use of traditional randomized controlled treatment designs and tests of statistical mediation have significantly advanced understanding of psychological treatments, they are insufficient to test mechanisms of change. METHOD This article outlines the conceptual and methodological requirements for evaluating mechanisms of change, highlights the importance of such a focus, and offers specific recommendations for research aimed at elucidating change mechanisms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Conceptualizing and conducting studies that test mechanisms of change requires substantial modifications to traditional research designs, but doing so will significantly enhance scientific understanding as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Friedman BH. An autonomic flexibility–neurovisceral integration model of anxiety and cardiac vagal tone. Biol Psychol 2007; 74:185-99. [PMID: 17069959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research on heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac vagal tone, and their relationship to anxiety is reviewed in the context of the autonomic flexibility and neurovisceral integration models of adaptive functioning. These perspectives address the qualities of response flexibility and inhibition across multiple levels, incorporating central and autonomic nervous system mechanisms of environmental engagement, as well as principles derived from non-linear dynamics. These models predict reduced HRV and vagal tone in anxiety, and the literature has generally supported this prediction, with exceptions as are noted. State, trait, and clinical expressions of anxiety are considered, along with the clinical, methodological, and theoretical implications of this research. A portrayal of anxiety as a restricted response range across biological and behavioral realms of functioning is drawn from the literature on anxiety and HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce H Friedman
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0436, USA.
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Pignotti M. Regarding the October 2001 Journal of Clinical Psychology special issue on Thought Field Therapy: retraction of conclusions in the article "heart rate variability as an outcome measure for Thought Field Therapy in clinical practice". J Clin Psychol 2005; 61:361-5; discussion 367-72. [PMID: 15529326 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article is a retraction of the conclusions drawn in a previous article, published as part of a special October 2001 issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology on Thought Field Therapy (TFT). I decided to write this retraction after reconsidering a number of issues raised in the critiques of the articles. Additionally, subsequent misinterpretations of the literature on heart rate variability (HRV) by Roger Callahan, which led to further questioning of his premises and claims regarding TFT and HRV as represented in the articles, are discussed. I conclude that the burden of proof is on TFT proponents to demonstrate its efficacy and that well-designed controlled studies using standardized assessment measures and long-term follow-up must be performed to allow the scientific community to take claims made for TFT seriously.
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Abstract
Callahan's response evades the key issues raised by merely restating and elaborating upon what has already been said, providing citations that are out of context and irrelevant to the issues at hand, and misrepresenting what was actually said by his critics and me and the authors of articles he cites. He spends paragraphs refuting "straw men." He provides additional anecdotes, which offer no convincing evidence for his claims. His critics have expressed concern that Callahan and Thought Field Therapy (TFT) proponents will cite his response article, as published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology, to promote TFT, as TFT proponents have repeatedly done for the non-peer-reviewed earlier issue devoted to TFT. Callahan has been given an unprecedented opportunity to present his work in a reputable journal without prior peer review and has failed to meet the burden of proof for his claims, thus undermining his own claim, that his work has been rejected solely as a result of bias against innovation.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advocates of new therapies frequently make bold claims regarding therapeutic effectiveness, particularly in response to disorders which have been traditionally treatment-refractory. This paper reviews a collection of new therapies collectively self-termed "The Power Therapies", outlining their proposed procedures and the evidence for and against their use. These therapies are then put to the test for pseudoscientific practice. METHOD Therapies were included which self-describe themselves as "Power Therapies". Published work searches were conducted on each therapy using Medline and PsychInfo databases for randomized controlled trials assessing their efficacy, except for the case of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing has more randomized controlled studies conducted on its efficacy than any other treatment for trauma and thus, previous meta-analyses were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that these new therapies have offered no new scientifically valid theories of action, show only non-specific efficacy, show no evidence that they offer substantive improvements to extant psychiatric care, yet display many characteristics consistent with pseudoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Devilly
- Centre for Neuropsychology, Swinburne University, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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Callahan RJ. Unprecedented improvements in short-term heart rate variability due to Thought Field Therapy: response to the Pignotti retraction. J Clin Psychol 2004; 61:367-72. [PMID: 15529300 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Short-term heart rate variability (S-HRV) is a valid and reliable measure of health and therapy effectiveness. Pignotti makes critical assertions about S-HRV with no evidence or authoritative support for these curious assertions. Short-term measures have advantages over long-term measures. The power of Thought Field Therapy (TFT) is demonstrated through unprecedented HRV improvements as well as other physiologic indices such as skin color, microscopic measures, and increases in T-cell numbers after successful TFT. Bilchick and associates' hypothesis (2002), "Each increase of 10 ms in standard deviation of normal-to-normal (SDNN) conferred a 20% decrease in risk of mortality (p = .0001)," is a bold and speculative position that appears to have general, if not highly specific, merit when applied to all groups investigated with HRV.
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Wells S, Polglase K, Andrews HB, Carrington P, Baker AH. Evaluation of a meridian-based intervention, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), for reducing specific phobias of small animals. J Clin Psychol 2003; 59:943-66. [PMID: 12945061 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.10189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study explored whether a meridian-based procedure, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), can reduce specific phobias of small animals under laboratory-controlled conditions. Randomly assigned participants were treated individually for 30 min with EFT (n = 18) or a comparison condition, diaphragmatic breathing (DB) (n = 17). ANOVAS revealed that EFT produced significantly greater improvement than did DB behaviorally and on three self-report measures, but not on pulse rate. The greater improvement for EFT was maintained, and possibly enhanced, at six- to nine-months follow-up on the behavioral measure. These findings suggest that a single treatment session using EFT to reduce specific phobias can produce valid behavioral and subjective effects. Some limitations of the study also are noted and clarifying research suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Wells
- Curtin University of Technology of Western Australia
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Callahan RJ. Raising and lowering of heart rate variability: some clinical findings of Thought Field Therapy. J Clin Psychol 2001; 57:1175-86. [PMID: 11526604 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This clinical report presents some of the findings in Thought Field Therapy (TFT) that show both raising and lowering of heart rate variability (HRV). TFT algorithms are effective, but the specificity of diagnosed treatment gives results that are superior to algorithms. Some TFT treatments take only seconds to yield improved results on HRV. Toxins can undo a cured problem and lower HRV. TFT can overturn the effect of some toxins. It is hypothesized that TFT works by inputting a specific code that addresses and effects the healing system. HRV may be a measure of general physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Callahan
- Callahan Techniques, Ltd., La Quinta, CA 92253, USA.
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Pignotti M, Steinberg M. Heart rate variability as an outcome measure for Thought Field Therapy in clinical practice. J Clin Psychol 2001; 57:1193-206. [PMID: 11526606 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The need for empirical, objective, clear, and practical outcome measures for therapy has long been recognized by clinicians and researchers. Pragmatic tools for objective determination of the efficacy of therapy have been scarce in clinical practice settings. Heart rate variability (HRV) is increasing in popularity for use in clinical settings as a measure of treatment success. Since HRV is stable and placebo-free, it has the potential to meet this need. Thirty-nine cases are presented from the clinical practices of the authors and three other clinicians where HRV was used as an outcome measure for Thought Field Therapy (TFT). The cases included TFT treatments which addressed a wide variety of problems including phobias, anxiety, trauma, depression, fatigue, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning difficulties, compulsions, obsessions, eating disorders, anger, and physical pain. A lowering of subjective units of distress was in most cases related to an improvement in HRV.
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Abstract
The purposes of this commentary are to provide a critique of Callahan's (this issue) article on Thought Field Therapy (TFT) and to discuss when our commitment to intellectual open-mindedness requires that we attend to nontraditional treatment interventions in clinical psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J McNally
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Rosen GM, Davison GC. "Echo attributions" and other risks when publishing on novel therapies without peer review. J Clin Psychol 2001; 57:1245-50; discussion 1251-60. [PMID: 11526612 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A special series on Thought Field Therapy in the Journal of Clinical Psychology provides an opportunity for psychologists to learn about techniques and theories outside the mainstream of our field. Unfortunately, by publishing this series of manuscripts without meeting the standards of peer review, the Journal also provides an avenue for the misuse of its good reputation and the improper promotion of untested methods. "Echo attributions" can be made whereby an author attributes the source of his own words to the professional journal in which the text appears. Historical examples illustrate that such misuse of scientific journals and institutions occurs. A formal statement of guidelines is needed to instruct authors on appropriate versus unethical representations of their publications.
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Callahan RJ. Thought Field Therapy: Response to our critics and a scrutiny of some old ideas of social science. J Clin Psychol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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