1
|
Zainal NH, Newman MG. Examining the Effects of a Brief, Fully Self-Guided Mindfulness Ecological Momentary Intervention on Empathy and Theory-of-Mind for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e54412. [PMID: 38787613 PMCID: PMC11161716 DOI: 10.2196/54412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of brief mindfulness ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) to improve empathy and theory-of-mind has been underinvestigated, particularly in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). OBJECTIVE In this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to examine the efficacy of a 14-day, fully self-guided, mindfulness EMI on the empathy and theory-of-mind domains for GAD. METHODS Adults (aged ≥18 y) diagnosed with GAD were randomized to a mindfulness EMI (68/110, 61.8%) or self-monitoring app (42/110, 38.2%) arm. They completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index self-report empathy measure and theory-of-mind test (Bell-Lysaker Emotion Recognition Task) at prerandomization, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up (1MFU) time points. Hierarchical linear modeling was conducted with the intent-to-treat principle to determine prerandomization to postintervention (pre-post intervention) and prerandomization to 1MFU (pre-1MFU) changes, comparing the mindfulness EMI to self-monitoring. RESULTS Observed effects were generally stronger from pre-1MFU than from pre-post intervention time points. From pre-post intervention time points, the mindfulness EMI was more efficacious than the self-monitoring app on fantasy (the ability to imagine being in others' shoes; between-intervention effect size: Cohen d=0.26, P=.007; within-intervention effect size: Cohen d=0.22, P=.02 for the mindfulness EMI and Cohen d=-0.16, P=.10 for the self-monitoring app). From pre-1MFU time points, the mindfulness EMI, but not the self-monitoring app, improved theory-of-mind (a window into others' thoughts and intentions through abstract, propositional knowledge about their mental states, encompassing the ability to decipher social cues) and the fantasy, personal distress (stress when witnessing others' negative experiences), and perspective-taking (understanding others' perspective) empathy domains. The effect sizes were small to moderate (Cohen d=0.15-0.36; P<.001 to P=.01) for significant between-intervention effects from pre-1MFU time points. Furthermore, the within-intervention effect sizes for these significant outcomes were stronger for the mindfulness EMI (Cohen d=0.30-0.43; P<.001 to P=.03) than the self-monitoring app (Cohen d=-0.12 to 0.21; P=.001 to P>.99) from pre-1MFU time points. No between-intervention and within-intervention effects on empathic concern (feeling affection, compassion, and care when observing others in distress, primarily attending to their emotional well-being) were observed from pre-post intervention and pre-1MFU time points. CONCLUSIONS The brief mindfulness EMI improved specific domains of empathy (eg, fantasy, personal distress, and perspective-taking) and theory-of-mind with small to moderate effect sizes in persons with GAD. Higher-intensity, self-guided or coach-facilitated, multicomponent mindfulness EMIs targeting the optimization of social relationships are likely necessary to improve the empathic concern domain in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04846777; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04846777.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle G Newman
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Desatnik A, Bird A, Shmueli A, Venger I, Fonagy P. The mindful trajectory: Developmental changes in mentalizing throughout adolescence and young adulthood. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286500. [PMID: 37343006 PMCID: PMC10284399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mentalizing and psychological mindedness are two key, partially overlapping facets of social cognition. While mentalizing refers to the ability to reflect on one's own mental states and the mental states of others, psychological mindedness describes the ability for self-reflection and the inclination to communicate with others about one's own mental states. PURPOSE This study examined the development of mentalizing and psychological mindedness throughout adolescence and into young adulthood, and the interplay between the two with gender and the Big Five Personality Traits. METHODS 432 adolescents and young adults (ages 14-30) were recruited from two independent schools and two universities. Participants completed a set of self-report measures. RESULTS A curvilinear trend in both mentalizing and psychological mindedness indicated a gradual development of these capacities with age, peaking in young adulthood. Across all age groups, females had consistently higher mentalizing scores than males. For females, scores only changed significantly between age bands 17-18 to 20+ (p<0.001), ES (d = 1.07, 95% CI [.1.52-.62]). However, for males, a significant change in scores appeared between two age bands of 14 to 15-16 (p<0.003), ES (d = .45, 95% CI [.82-.07]), and 17-18 to 20+ (p<0.001), ES (d = .6, 95% CI [.1.08-.1]). The change in psychological mindedness scores differed, and females did not have consistently higher scores than males. Females' scores were only significantly higher for ages 14 (p<0.01), ES (d = .43, 95% CI [.82-.04]), and 15-16 (p<0.01), ES (d = .5, 95% CI [.87-.11]). As with the development of mentalizing abilities, female scores in psychological mindedness remained stable from 14 to 18 years of age, with a significant change between age bands 17-18 and 20+ (p<0.01), ES (d = 1.2, 95% CI [1.7-.67]). Contrastingly, for males significant change occurred between 15-16, 17-18 (p<0.01), ES (d = .65, 95% CI [1.1-.18]) and 20+ (p<0.01), ES (d = .84, 95% CI [1.5-.2]). A significant positive association was found between mentalizing and psychological mindedness and the personality traits of Agreeableness, Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness (p<0.0001). Psychological mindedness had a weaker positive correlation with Extraversion and Openness to Experience (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The discussion is focused on the interpretation of the findings in light of social cognition and brain development research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Desatnik
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
- Open Door Young People Service, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annie Bird
- Open Door Young People Service, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avi Shmueli
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilya Venger
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Microsoft Israel Development Centre, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nogueira I, Barbosa MR, Ribeiro LM, Xenophontos I, Zimbardo P. Creating mindful heroes: a case study with ninth grade students. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1091349. [PMID: 37228340 PMCID: PMC10204770 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Heroic Imagination Project (HIP) aims to redefine heroism as a set of habits that anyone can achieve. Research findings on the psychological foundations of negative forms of social influence that can lead to bystander behavior are translated into tools that individuals can use in their daily lives. Habits of wise and effective helping behavior are learned, modeled, and encouraged through the training of the "heroic imagination." According to the literature, practicing mindfulness can increase empathy, compassion, and prosocial behaviors. There is empirical evidence that compassion can act as a mediator between mindfulness and prosocial helping behaviors toward strangers, suggesting that mindfulness promotes this behavior and thus helps to overcome the bystander effect. With this hypothesis in mind, we created a program that combined mindfulness and HIP sessions. Five participants volunteered to participate in the "Creating Mindful Heroes" 9-week program. Throughout the sessions, they filled in a diary, and at the end of the program, they answered two feedback questionnaires. They were then invited to participate in individual interviews. The participants reported a positive overall perspective regarding the program, mentioning several improvements in their relationships with their family, peers, and others in society. Moreover, participants reported that the program promoted prosocial behaviors and aided them in developing empathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Nogueira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Research Centre for Human Development, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Reis Barbosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Research Centre for Human Development, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Mota Ribeiro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Research Centre for Human Development, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ioanna Xenophontos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Research Centre for Human Development, Porto, Portugal
| | - Philip Zimbardo
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kosasih FR, Yee VTS, Toh SHY, Sündermann O. Efficacy of Intellect's self-guided anxiety and worry mobile health programme: A randomized controlled trial with an active control and a 2-week follow-up. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000095. [PMID: 37224139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Digital self-guided mobile health [mHealth] applications are cost-effective, accessible, and well-suited to improve mental health at scale. This randomized controlled trial [RCT] evaluated the efficacy of a recently developed mHealth programme based on cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT] principles in improving worry and anxiety. We also examined psychological mindedness [PM] as a mediator by which app engagement is thought to improve outcomes. The Intervention group completed a 2-week "Anxiety and Worry" programme with daily CBT-informed activities, while the active waitlist-control completed a matched 2-week mHealth programme on procrastination. Participants filled out the Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7], Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], and Psychological Mindedness Scale [PMS] at baseline, post-intervention, and 2-week follow-up. App engagement was measured at post-intervention only. Contrary to prediction, the Intervention group did not perform better than the Active Control group; both groups showed significant improvements on anxiety and depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. From post-intervention to follow-up, only the Intervention group showed further improvements for anxiety symptoms. Higher engagement with the mHealth app predicted lower anxiety and depressive symptoms at follow-up, and this relationship was fully mediated by psychological mindedness. This study provides evidence that [a] engaging in a CBT mHealth programme can reduce anxiety and worry, and [b] Psychological mindedness is a potential pathway by which engaging with a mHealth app improves anxiety and depressive symptoms. While overall effect sizes were small, at the population level, these can make significant contributions to public mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oliver Sündermann
- Research Department, Intellect Co Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borghi O, Mayrhofer L, Voracek M, Tran US. Differential associations of the two higher-order factors of mindfulness with trait empathy and the mediating role of emotional awareness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3201. [PMID: 36828879 PMCID: PMC9958058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Empathy enables us to understand the emotions of others and is an important determinant of prosocial behavior. Investigating the relationship between mindfulness and empathy could therefore provide important insights into factors that promote interpersonal understanding and pathways that contribute to prosocial behavior. As prior studies have yielded only inconsistent results, this study extended previous findings and investigated for the first time the associations of two important factors of mindfulness (Self-regulated Attention [SRA] and Orientation to Experience [OTE]) with two commonly proposed components of empathy (cognitive empathy and affective empathy). Using a community sample of N = 552 German-speaking adults, the two mindfulness factors were differentially associated with cognitive and affective empathy. SRA correlated positively with cognitive empathy (r = 0.44; OTE: r = 0.09), but OTE correlated negatively with affective empathy (r = - 0.27; SRA: r = 0.11). This negative association was strongest for one specific aspect of affective empathy, emotional contagion. Revisiting previously reported mediating effects of emotion regulation, we found that emotional awareness mediated the associations with both components of empathy, but only for SRA. Together, these findings imply that mindfulness benefits the cognitive understanding of others' emotions via two distinct pathways: by promoting emotional awareness (SRA) and by limiting the undue impact of others' emotions on oneself (OTE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Borghi
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Mayrhofer
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Voracek
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich S. Tran
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen P, Kirk U, Dikker S. Trait mindful awareness predicts inter-brain coupling but not individual brain responses during naturalistic face-to-face interactions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:915345. [PMID: 36248509 PMCID: PMC9561904 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the possible benefits of mindfulness meditation have sparked much public and academic interest. Mindfulness emphasizes cultivating awareness of our immediate experience and has been associated with compassion, empathy, and various other prosocial traits. However, neurobiological evidence pertaining to the prosocial benefits of mindfulness in social settings is sparse. In this study, we investigate neural correlates of trait mindful awareness during naturalistic dyadic interactions, using both intra-brain and inter-brain measures. We used the Muse headset, a portable electroencephalogram (EEG) device often used to support mindfulness meditation, to record brain activity from dyads as they engaged in naturalistic face-to-face interactions in a museum setting. While we did not replicate prior laboratory-based findings linking trait mindfulness to individual brain responses (N = 379 individuals), self-reported mindful awareness did predict dyadic inter-brain synchrony, in theta (~5–8 Hz) and beta frequencies (~26-27 Hz; N = 62 dyads). These findings underscore the importance of conducting social neuroscience research in ecological settings to enrich our understanding of how (multi-brain) neural correlates of social traits such as mindful awareness manifest during social interaction, while raising critical practical considerations regarding the viability of commercially available EEG systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Chen
- Psychology Department, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Phoebe Chen,
| | - Ulrich Kirk
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Dikker
- Psychology Department, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Max Planck - NYU Center for Language Music and Emotion, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Diamant A, Orkibi H. Trajectories of Change in Creative and Personal Factors in First‐Year Creative Arts Therapies Students. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Diamant
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Hod Orkibi
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ardenghi S, Russo S, Luciani M, Salvarani V, Rampoldi G, Bani M, Ausili D, Di Mauro S, Strepparava MG. The association between dispositional mindfulness and empathy among undergraduate nursing students: A multicenter cross-sectional study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the role of gender, age, and academic year in shaping dispositional mindfulness (DM) and the association between DM facets and empathy dimensions in a sample of undergraduate nursing students. In a multicenter cross-sectional study design, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and socio-demographic questions were administrated to a convenience sample of Italian nursing students. 622 nursing students (82.2% female) participated in the study (response rate = 86.15%). Females had higher levels of Acting with Awareness (p < .001, d = .54) and lower levels of Non-reacting (p < .001, d = .52) facets of DM than males. Older students displayed higher scores on the Observing (r = .112, p = .005) and on the Non-reacting (r = .187, p < .001) FFMQ subscales than younger ones. No statistically significant differences in DM levels between the three academic years were found (ps > .202). After controlling for socio-demographic factors, DM facets were generally positively related to Perspective Taking (βs from .131 to .208, ps < .007) and Empathic Concern (βs from −.156 to .189, ps < .001), whereas negatively related to Personal Distress (βs from −.141 to −.261, ps < .001). Nursing students with higher levels of DM were more able to consider others’ cognitive perspective and to feel compassion, and were less emotionally distressed when facing tense interpersonal situations. Tailored mindfulness interventions might be useful to foster functional empathy within nursing undergraduate programs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zahid NM, Khan J, Tao M. Exploring mindful consumption, ego involvement, and social norms influencing second-hand clothing purchase. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSecond-hand clothing (SHC) benefits society by reducing the wastage of natural resources. Research in the purchase of second-hand clothing is a debated topic. It is not yet clear whether caring for self, community, and nature drives the purchase of second-hand clothing. This study unpacks the intervening factors that drive second-hand clothing purchases underpinning attitude-intention and self-determination theories. The primary purpose is to examine the direct relationship between a) mindful consumption, b) ego-involvement, c) social norms on second-hand clothing purchase intention of young consumers. The mediation of ego-involvement and social norm is examined on the above relationship. A total of 314 usable questionnaires following the convenience and purposive snowball sampling techniques were gathered from China. The structural equation model (SEM) two-step approach analyzed the data. SmartPLS3 statistical package used to run the measurement and structural model analyses. IPMA analysis confirms mindful consumption as an important factor; hence ego-involvement drives the performance of the stated relationship. Ego-involvement mediates the relationship between mindful consumption and second-hand clothing purchase. This study bridges the unanswered questions and highlights the importance of mindful consumption, an essential driver of consumer behavior. Managers are encouraged to promote mindful consumption values in marketing communication to drive sustainability.
Collapse
|
10
|
The link between mindfulness and psychological well-being among university students: The mediating role of social connectedness and self-esteem. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
11
|
Zheng X, Ni D, Zhu J, Song LJ, Liu X, Johnson RE. Be mindful in love: Exploring the interpersonal effects of spouse mindfulness on employee work and family outcomes. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zheng
- School of Economics and Management Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Dan Ni
- School of Business Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- School of Business Renmin University of China Beijing China
| | | | - Xiao‐Yu Liu
- Department of Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior, Business School University of International Business and Economics Beijing China
| | - Russell E. Johnson
- Department of Management Eli Broad College of Business, Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pang NTP, Nold Imon G, Johoniki E, Mohd Kassim MA, Omar A, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, Hayati F, Jeffree MS, Ng JR. Fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 Stress and Association with Sociodemographic and Psychological Process Factors in Cases under Surveillance in a Frontline Worker Population in Borneo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7210. [PMID: 34281147 PMCID: PMC8296931 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 stress and fear of COVID-19 is an increasingly researched construct in the general population. However, its prevalence and association with sociodemographic factors and psychological process variables has not been explored in frontline workers under surveillance in a Bornean population. This study was a cross-sectional study using a sociodemographic questionnaire incorporating two specific epidemiological risk variables, namely specific questions about COVID-19 surveillance status (persons under investigation (PUI), persons under surveillance (PUS), and positive cases) and the nature of frontline worker status. Furthermore, five other instruments were used, with three measuring psychopathology (namely depression, anxiety and stress, fear of COVID-19, and stress due to COVID-19) and two psychological process variables (namely psychological flexibility and mindfulness). Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to assess if there were significant differences in psychopathology and psychological process variables between sociodemographic and epidemiological risk variables. Hierarchical multiple regression was further performed, with depression, anxiety, and stress as dependent variables. There were significant differences in the fear of COVID-19 between positive cases, PUI, and PUS. The fear of COVID-19 scores were higher in positive cases compared to in PUS and PUI groups. Upon hierarchical multiple regression, mindfulness and psychological flexibility were significant predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress after controlling for sociodemographic and epidemiological risk factors. This study demonstrates that exposure to COVID-19 as persons under investigation or surveillance significantly increases the fear of COVID-19, and brief psychological interventions that can positively influence mindfulness and psychological flexibility should be prioritized for these at-risk groups to prevent undue psychological morbidity in the long run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohd Amiruddin Mohd Kassim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (N.T.P.P.); (G.N.I.); (E.J.); (A.O.); (S.S.S.A.R.); (F.H.); (M.S.J.); (J.R.N.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kil H, O'Neill D, Grusec JE. Prosocial motivation as a mediator between dispositional mindfulness and prosocial behavior. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Van Gordon W, Sapthiang S, Shonin E. Contemplative Psychology: History, Key Assumptions, and Future Directions. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 17:99-107. [PMID: 34185604 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620984479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Contemplative psychology is concerned with the psychological study of contemplative processes and practices, such as meditation, mindfulness, yoga, introspection, reflection, metacognition, self-regulation, self-awareness, and self-consciousness. Although contemplative psychology borders with other psychological and nonpsychological disciplines, some of its underlying assumptions distinguish it from other remits of psychological and scholarly inquiry, as do its component areas of empirical focus, conceptual nuances, and challenges. Furthermore, the discipline has tended to be somewhat disparate in its approach to investigating the core techniques and principles of which it is composed, resulting in a need for greater intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary awareness of the commonalities and differences of core contemplative psychology attributes. As a remedy to these issues, in this article, we adopt a whole-discipline perspective and aim to explicate contemplative psychology's history, breadth, key assumptions, challenges, and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Van Gordon
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby.,Awake to Wisdom Centre for Meditation and Mindfulness Research, Derby, UK
| | | | - Edo Shonin
- Awake to Wisdom Centre for Meditation and Mindfulness Research, Derby, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kuhnley AK, Nguyen TH, Gantt AC, Hinkley P. Creatively Increasing Empathy: The Impacts of an Online Empathy Workshop. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2021.1936328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tram H. Nguyen
- Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nübold A, Hülsheger UR. Personality states mediate the effect of a mindfulness intervention on employees’ work outcomes: A randomized controlled trial. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211012915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, organizational researchers have increasingly recognized the value of studying personality states at work. This line of research has to date mainly focused on outcomes of and situational antecedents of personality state change at work. In this study, we draw on social cognitive theory of self-regulation and the social investment principle to test if a structured intervention can bring about changes in employees’ personality states at work. Specifically, we investigate the effect of a four-week low-dose mindfulness intervention delivered via a mobile application on employees’ personality state change in a multi-group experiment with a passive and an active control group. Employees ( N = 162), either practicing mindfulness, doing brain training exercises, or not receiving any treatment were tracked in a diary study across a period of four weeks. Results of growth curve analyses showed that compared to the control groups, the mindfulness intervention led to significantly more increases in employees’ daily mindfulness, emotional stability and agreeableness across the four-week period. Furthermore, daily agreeableness and emotional stability mediated the effect of the intervention on daily job satisfaction and performance. No intervention effects were found for daily openness, conscientiousness, and extraversion. Implications are discussed for research and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Nübold
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ute R Hülsheger
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Pepe A, Bani M, Salvarani V, Strepparava MG. An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study on the Relationship between Dispositional Mindfulness and Empathy in Undergraduate Medical Students. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2021; 33:154-163. [PMID: 32870715 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2020.1813582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in identifying the psychological variables that promote and sustain empathy in medical students during their studies. Dispositional mindfulness has been shown to be empirically associated with socio-demographic characteristics and empathy among the general population. This research aimed to assess dispositional mindfulness in a sample of undergraduate medical students and to investigate its association with gender, age, and empathy. Hypotheses: It is hypothesized that male medical students would show, on average, higher dispositional mindfulness than their female counterparts, and that older students would exhibit higher dispositional mindfulness than younger ones. Dispositional mindfulness was also expected to be positively associated with the ability to feel compassion for others and to adopt their perspective, and negatively associated with the personal distress in tense interpersonal settings. Method: An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were gathered from a large sample (N = 933) of Italian non-meditating second- and fifth-year medical students. Dispositional mindfulness and empathy were assessed using the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, respectively. Gender and age differences in dispositional mindfulness scores were calculated by analyses of variance, whereas hierarchical multiple regression models were used to assess the association between dispositional mindfulness and empathy scores. RESULTS Female medical students were more able to Act with Awareness than males, whereas males had higher levels than females of Describing and Nonreactivity to their feelings. When compared to their older counterparts, younger students scored higher on Observing and lower on Nonreactivity facets. Dispositional mindfulness facets correlated differently with both emotional and cognitive empathy dimensions, beyond the effects of gender and age. Medical students who displayed higher dispositional mindfulness appeared to be less emotionally distressed in tense interpersonal settings and more able to take others' cognitive perspective. Conclusions: The findings support the notion that dispositional mindfulness is related to empathy and may have implications for the design of mindfulness-based training for use in the medical educational setting. Tailored interventions that cultivate specific dispositional mindfulness facets may be implemented along the medical curriculum to prevent the emotional distress in tense interpersonal settings and to sustain the cognitive capability to take others' viewpoints among medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ardenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Monza and Brianza, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pepe
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Monza and Brianza, Italy
| | - Valerio Salvarani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Monza and Brianza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Monza and Brianza, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Monza and Brianza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oyler DL, Price-Blackshear MA, Pratscher SD, Bettencourt BA. Mindfulness and intergroup bias: A systematic review. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430220978694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
People’s proclivity for favoring their ingroups over outgroups has negative consequences for individuals, groups, and societies. Social psychologists have explored a variety of techniques to reduce these intergroup biases. Emerging research suggests that mindfulness may be effective for this purpose. Mindfulness is defined as present-moment attention and awareness with an accepting attitude, and it is often cultivated through meditation. Our systematic review of the mindfulness-intergroup literature suggests that, across the heterogeneity of paradigms, mindfulness attenuates intergroup bias. Supporting this supposition, for all studies in the current review, regardless of operationalization of mindfulness (i.e., mindfulness-based intervention, brief mindfulness induction, expert meditators, dispositional mindfulness), the overall effect size was g = +.29 ( k-number of studies = 36; 95% CI [0.20, 0.39]; Z = 5.94, p < .0001), suggesting a small but significant effect of mindfulness on improved levels of intergroup bias. In the current work, we review the eligible studies and their findings in detail and conclude by discussing critical issues and implications for future research.
Collapse
|
19
|
A deeper look at the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and empathy: Meditation experience as a moderator and dereification processes as mediators. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
20
|
Ping Pang NT, Masiran R, Tan KA, Kassim A. Psychological mindedness as a mediator in the relationship between dysfunctional coping styles and depressive symptoms in caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:649-656. [PMID: 32017137 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychological mindedness (PM) can partly explain depressive symptoms in caregivers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This cross-sectional study examines PM in mediating the relationship between dysfunctional coping styles and depressive symptoms. DESIGN AND METHODS One hundred fifty-five adult ASD caregivers completed the Malay version of Brief COPE, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Balanced Index of PM. FINDINGS Direct paths between dysfunctional coping style and depressive symptoms, between insight and depressive symptoms, and between dysfunctional coping style and all PM variables (insight and interest) were obtained. Multiple regression analyses revealed that insight, but not interest, significantly mediates the relationship between dysfunctional coping and depressive symptoms. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS PM can be enhanced via psychological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Tze Ping Pang
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia, Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Ruziana Masiran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Aun Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aminah Kassim
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Finding calm in the storm: A daily investigation of how trait mindfulness buffers against paranoid cognition and emotional exhaustion following perceived discrimination at work. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
22
|
Chen Z, Allen TD, Hou L. Mindfulness, empathetic concern, and work–family outcomes: A dyadic analysis. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
23
|
The effects of mindfulness-based empathy training on empathy and aged discrimination in nursing students: A randomised controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 39:101140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Giannou K, Taylor JR, Lander K. Exploring the relationship between mindfulness, compassion and unfamiliar face identification. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2020.1739693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Giannou
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jason R. Taylor
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Karen Lander
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Psychological Mindedness and Alexithymia Predict Symptom Reduction in Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Cogn Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-019-00062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
26
|
Deits-Lebehn C, Smith TW, Grove JL, Williams PG, Uchino BN. Dispositional mindfulness, nonattachment, and experiential avoidance in the interpersonal circumplex. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
27
|
Warren MT, Wray-Lake L, Shubert J. Developmental changes in mindful awareness during adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025419885023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite abundant research on the benefits of dispositional mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions, little is known about the naturally occurring developmental course of mindful awareness. Given dramatic strides during adolescence in competencies that may support mindfulness (e.g., emotion regulation), the high school years are a suitable window to study developmental changes in mindfulness. Using an accelerated cohort design to examine the longitudinal trajectory of mindfulness from 9th grade through 12th grade, we employed data from a 5-year study of 3,453 U.S. adolescents (55% female; 40% Latinx, 38% White, 13% Black, and 7% Asian) from high schools in three geographical regions in the U.S. Adolescents annually completed self-report surveys measuring mindful awareness and several internal and external factors. Latent growth curve analyses found that, after controlling for cohort, there was no average linear change in mindful awareness from grades 9 through 12, although there was significant interindividual variability in slopes. Within-person analyses found that in grades when needs-supportive climate was higher and discrimination was lower, adolescents reported greater mindful awareness. Unexpectedly, in grades when perspective taking and prosocial behaviors were higher, mindfulness was lower. These findings inform developmental understanding of mindful awareness and the ways that it naturally occurs and is supported during adolescence.
Collapse
|
28
|
Morrison AS, Mateen MA, Brozovich FA, Zaki J, Goldin PR, Heimberg RG, Gross JJ. Changes in Empathy Mediate the Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy but Not Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Social Anxiety Disorder. Behav Ther 2019; 50:1098-1111. [PMID: 31735245 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has been shown to be associated with difficulty in the ability to vicariously share others' positive emotions (positive affective empathy). Mixed evidence also suggests potentially impaired recognition of the positive and negative emotions of others (cognitive empathy) and impaired or enhanced sharing of the negative emotions of others (negative affective empathy). Therefore, we examined whether two efficacious treatments for SAD, cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), improve empathy in SAD relative to a wait-list condition and whether improvements in empathy mediate improvements in social anxiety. In the context of a randomized controlled trial, participants with SAD completed an empathy task at baseline, posttreatment/wait-list (N = 81), and 1-year follow-up (N = 37). Relative to both MBSR and wait-list, CBGT resulted in significant improvements in positive affective empathy. CBGT-related changes in positive affective empathy also mediated improvements in social anxiety at both posttreatment/wait-list and at 1-year follow-up. Other indices of empathy did not change differentially across the three conditions. Therefore, one way in which CBGT may specifically confer benefits to individuals with SAD is through increasing their ability or willingness to share in the positive emotions of others.
Collapse
|
29
|
The effects of mindfulness and health education programs on the emotional state and cognitive function of elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 68:211-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
30
|
D’Errico L, Call M, Blanck P, Vonderlin E, Bents H, Mander J. Associations between mindfulness and general change mechanisms in individual therapy: Secondary results of a randomised controlled trial. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa D’Errico
- Center for Psychological Psychotherapy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Manuela Call
- Center for Psychological Psychotherapy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Paul Blanck
- Center for Psychological Psychotherapy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Hinrich Bents
- Center for Psychological Psychotherapy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Johannes Mander
- Center for Psychological Psychotherapy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Butts CM, Gutierrez D. Dispositional Mindfulness and Personal Distress as Predictors of Counseling Self-Efficacy. COUNSELOR EDUCATION AND SUPERVISION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceas.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Missy Butts
- Department of Counseling, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
| | - Daniel Gutierrez
- Department of School Psychology and Counselor Education, College of William & Mary
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li C, Wong NK, Sum RKW, Yu CW. Preservice Teachers' Mindfulness and Attitudes Toward Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2018; 36:1-14. [PMID: 30554521 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teachers' attitudes toward students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are vital predictors of successful inclusive education. Guided by the basic psychological needs theory, this cross-sectional survey aimed to examine the relationships among mindfulness, basic psychological needs satisfaction (basic psychological needs theory-based construct), and attitudes toward including students with ASD among preservice physical education (PE) teachers. A multisection survey form was administered to 211 preservice PE teachers. Path analysis indicated that mindfulness and basic psychological needs satisfaction positively predicted attitudes toward the inclusion of students with ASD. In addition, mindfulness had an indirect effect on attitudes through basic psychological needs satisfaction. The findings provide a preliminary direction for the development of a mindfulness-based intervention program for enhancing preservice PE teachers' attitudes toward the inclusion of students with ASD. The findings also suggest that the basic psychological needs theory is a useful framework for understanding the relationship between mindfulness and attitudes. Future longitudinal or intervention studies are needed to examine whether the findings can be replicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- 1 Education University of Hong Kong
- 2 Nanyang Technological University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Trait-level emotion regulation and emotional awareness predictors of empathic accuracy. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-018-9741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
34
|
Does the intervention of mindfulness reduce levels of burnout and compassion fatigue and increase resilience in pre-registration students? A pilot study. Radiography (Lond) 2018; 25:4-9. [PMID: 30599829 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the current clinical working environment it is important that therapeutic radiography students are fully prepared not just clinically but emotionally for a working professional life. Mindfulness has shown promise, as a self-care strategy, in the improvement of burnout, resilience and compassion fatigue in other professions; however, it has not been used with therapeutic radiography students. METHODS Eight pre-registration therapeutic radiography students were recruited to undergo a five week mindfulness course; six students from the year below were recruited to act as a control arm (no mindfulness). Data was collected using a series of validated tools at baseline, week five, month three and 12 months after the start of the study: RESULTS: The MBI-SS scale demonstrated 29% of the sample experienced emotional exhaustion and 43% increased cynicism. The other tools showed a positive trend with the intervention; however, these were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Although no statistically significant differences were demonstrated between the study arms, some interesting trends have been noted. The key finding was the identification of burnout experienced by almost a third of the study sample. This suggests that a new area of study is warranted to further investigate the factors contributing to burnout in the student population.
Collapse
|
35
|
Corthorn C. Benefits of Mindfulness for Parenting in Mothers of Preschoolers in Chile. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1443. [PMID: 30174630 PMCID: PMC6108128 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated whether mothers’ participation in a mindfulness-based intervention led to statistically significant differences in their general levels of stress, depression, anxiety, parental stress, mindful parenting, and mindfulness. Forty-three mothers of preschool-age children participated, 21 in the intervention group and 22 in the comparison group. Scores of mental health variables were within normal ranges before the intervention. All of the participants worked at the Universidad Católica de Chile (Catholic University of Chile), and their children attended university preschool centers. Repeated measured ANOVA analysis were performed considering differences between gain scores of each group, rather than post-treatment group differences. This was chosen in order to approach initial differences in some of the measures (mindfulness, mindful parenting, and stress) probably due to self-selection. As predicted, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in general and parental stress and an increase in mindful parenting and general mindfulness variables when compared with the comparison group. Effect sizes ranged from small to medium, with the highest Cohen’s d in stress (general and parental) and mindful parenting. In most cases, the significant change was observed between pre- and post-test measures. Follow-up measures indicated that the effects were maintained after 2 months.
Collapse
|
36
|
Jones EE, Wirth JH, Ramsey AT, Wynsma RL. Who Is Less Likely to Ostracize? Higher Trait Mindfulness Predicts More Inclusionary Behavior. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2018; 45:105-119. [PMID: 29938609 DOI: 10.1177/0146167218780698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the pain ostracism (being excluded and ignored) causes, researchers have minimally investigated factors related to reducing its occurrence. We investigated the association between higher trait mindfulness (the tendency to be attentive to the present moment) and lower engagement in ostracism. In Study 1, employed adults scoring higher on trait mindfulness reported ostracizing coworkers less. In Study 2, participants possessing higher levels of trait mindfulness demonstrated greater inclusion of a fellow group member being ostracized by others in the group. Results suggested that attention, rather than empathy, was the psychological process responsible for greater inclusion of an ostracized group member by mindful individuals. Study 3 supported this conclusion because participants responded similarly to those high in trait mindfulness when they were instructed to pay attention and ensure all players were included equally. Overall, we found that people with higher levels of trait mindfulness are more attentive to targets of ostracism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Jones
- 1 Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dhandra TK, Park HJ. Mindfulness and gender differences in ethical beliefs. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/srj-05-2016-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the ethical beliefs of consumers with regards to their levels of mindfulness. Furthermore, it aims to investigate if mindfulness is related to gender differences among respondents in their ethical beliefs about consumer unethical practices.
Design/methodology/approach
University students in India were surveyed with self-administered questionnaires comprising the consumer ethics scale and mindfulness attention awareness scale. Mediation analysis was conducted to test whether gender differences in ethical judgements are due to the different levels of mindfulness.
Findings
The results indicate that mindfulness is not only a predictor of ethical beliefs but also a mediator of the relationship between gender and ethical beliefs. Individuals with greater mindfulness reported greater acceptance towards the five dimensions of consumer ethics scale. Indian male participants were found to be more mindful and lenient in ethical judgements than female participants.
Originality/value
The present work is a novel attempt in examining the effect of mindfulness on the relationship between gender and ethical beliefs of consumers. The results of this study can have positive implications for organizations, managers, public policy makers and consumers.
Collapse
|
38
|
LeBoutillier N, Barry R. Psychological Mindedness, Personality and Creative Cognition. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2018.1411440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
39
|
Saito T, Takeda S, Yamagishi Y, Kubo R, Kitamura T. Psychotherapy Training on Psychological Mindedness in a Japanese Nurse Population: Effects and Personality Correlates. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:healthcare5030043. [PMID: 28786921 PMCID: PMC5618171 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the training would influence the psychological mindedness of nurses and midwives. In addition, we explored the relationship of the change of psychological mindedness before and after the training and the correlation with their personality traits. Background: It is important for perinatal health professionals such as nurses and midwives to acquire intervention skills such as psychotherapy and counselling techniques. We think that one of the essential requisites is psychological mindedness. Method: A total of 45 perinatal health professionals who participated in the postpartum depression prevention programme were distributed a set of questionnaires including the Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) at the beginning and end of the training. Results: The PMS scores increased significantly after the training. A structured equation modelling suggested that PMS and self-directedness predicted each other whereas PMS predicted low harm avoidance. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the psychological mindedness of nurses and midwives could be advanced by a course of training and that this could be supported by high self-directedness. The harm avoidance trait may be reduced by increased psychological mindedness. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses and nursing students are apt to psychological skill training in the advancement of psychological mindedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Saito
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Yamagishi
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kubo
- Kumamoto Prefectural Government, 6-18-1, Suizenji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-8570, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Kitamura
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate school of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-0814, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The neural correlates of the metacognitive function of other perspective: a multiple regression analysis study. Neuroreport 2017; 28:671-676. [PMID: 28657552 PMCID: PMC5491230 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Perspective taking is defined as the social cognitive function of imagining the world or imagining oneself from another’s viewpoint. Previously, we reported that behavioral activation increased the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) activation during other perspective self-referential processing for positive words in subthreshold depression, but did not report whether metacognitive function was related to the dmPFC activation. Therefore, we sought to test the relationship between the dmPFC activation during other perspective self-referential processing for positive words and an individual’s metacognitive evaluation of other perspective. Thirty-four healthy individuals underwent functional MRI scans during a referential task with two viewpoints (self/other) and two emotional valences (positive/negative). Neural activation during other perspective self-referential processing for positive words was correlated with the metacognitive function of participants measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). We found a positive correlation between the score in perspective taking of the IRI and activation in the dmPFC during other perspective self-referential processing for positive words. The present findings showed that self-report questionnaires assessing participants’ metacognitive evaluation of other perspective were correlated with dmPFC activation during positive metacognition of other perspective task. However, we did not conduct a behavioral activation intervention in the present study. The present students were healthy. The IRI is a subjective measure of multidimensional trait empathy. It is necessary to develop an objective measurement for the metacognitive function of other perspective in the near future.
Collapse
|
41
|
Ridderinkhof A, de Bruin EI, Brummelman E, Bögels SM. Does mindfulness meditation increase empathy? An experiment. SELF AND IDENTITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2016.1269667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ridderinkhof
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther I. de Bruin
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- UvA minds, Academic Outpatient Child and Adolescent Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eddie Brummelman
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan M. Bögels
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- UvA minds, Academic Outpatient Child and Adolescent Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Byrne G, Bogue J, Egan R, Lonergan E. "Identifying and Describing Emotions": Measuring the Effectiveness of a Brief, Alexithymia-Specific, Intervention for a Sex Offender Population. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2016; 28:599-619. [PMID: 25420556 DOI: 10.1177/1079063214558940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Certain individuals who sexually offend may have difficulty differentiating, identifying, and articulating emotions. These clients may prove challenging for therapists when engaging with them in treatment. Such clients may suffer from alexithymia. There has been a dearth of research regarding specific psychotherapeutic interventions for alexithymia in both the clinical and forensic fields. The present study provides results from a pilot study on the efficacy of a brief, four-session, alexithymia-specific intervention with adults who have sexually offended. The intervention also aimed to increase emotional awareness and psychological mindedness. The intervention was comprised of both mindfulness and mentalization treatment components. Thirty-two men (Mage = 41.8 years, SD = 11.9) convicted of sexual offences completed the intervention group. When compared with a matched control condition (n = 27; Mage = 39, SD = 10.8), the intervention was effective in decreasing alexithymia characteristics and increasing psychological mindedness. Results suggest that the intervention was an effective means of increasing emotional awareness in this population. These provisional results must be tempered by the limitations of the study. However, the positive findings warrant future investigation. Clinical implications and ideas for future work are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Byrne
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - John Bogue
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Constantino MJ, Coyne AE, McVicar EL, Ametrano RM. The relative association between individual difference variables and general psychotherapy outcome expectation in socially anxious individuals. Psychother Res 2016; 27:583-594. [PMID: 26866269 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2016.1138336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although patients' psychotherapy outcome expectation relates to their treatment outcome, little is known about correlates of this expectation. Moreover, the limited research has largely assessed convenience variables as correlates, with little replication and few examinations of the relative strength of associations between the correlates and outcome expectation. This clinical analogue study examined the relation between socially anxious undergraduates' (N = 178) characteristics and their general psychotherapy outcome expectation. We investigated characteristics supported as correlates in prior studies. METHODS Data derived from a baseline assessment prior to a larger experiment. Participants' mean level of social anxiety was within 1 standard deviation of the mean of clinical, treatment-seeking samples, and 65.2% of the sample either had therapy experience or were actively considering it. RESULTS Participants' general outcome expectation was significantly associated with positive beliefs about and intention to seek therapy. Multivariate regression models showed a positive association between psychological mindedness (B = .59, p < .001) and outcome expectation. Subgroup analyses indicated that for participants with prior therapy experience, greater satisfaction with that treatment (B = 5.26, p < .001) was associated with higher outcome expectation. CONCLUSION Results are discussed with regard to their implications for treatment-seeking intentions and treatment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Constantino
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , MA , USA
| | - Alice E Coyne
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , MA , USA
| | - Erin L McVicar
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , MA , USA
| | - Rebecca M Ametrano
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Eudaimonia as a Way of Living: Connecting Aristotle with Self-Determination Theory. HANDBOOK OF EUDAIMONIC WELL-BEING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
45
|
Trait Socio-Cognitive Mindfulness is Related to Affective and Cognitive Empathy. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-015-9225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
46
|
Panaïoti A. Mindfulness and personal identity in the Western cultural context: A plea for greater cosmopolitanism. Transcult Psychiatry 2015; 52:501-23. [PMID: 25765440 DOI: 10.1177/1363461515573106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the psychological sciences, mindfulness practices are increasingly being used, studied, and theorized, but their indigenous theoretical foundations in Buddhist accounts of the dynamics and psychology of personal identity tend to be overlooked. This situation is mirrored in the discipline of philosophy: here, Buddhist views on personal identity are beginning to draw attention, but almost invariably in a way which entirely blanks out the role of mindfulness practices in cultivating Buddhist insights on selfhood. The aggregate result is a failure, in the West, to reflect upon and seriously consider Buddhist theory and Buddhist practice in an integrated, holistic fashion. In its effort to overcome the compartmentalization of Buddhist theory (in philosophy) versus Buddhist practice (in psychology) and to embrace the challenges this might pose to fundamental Western beliefs about the self, this paper is intended both as a plea for and an exercise in greater, more venturesome cosmopolitanism.
Collapse
|
47
|
Carlson EN. Overcoming the Barriers to Self-Knowledge: Mindfulness as a Path to Seeing Yourself as You Really Are. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 8:173-86. [PMID: 26172498 DOI: 10.1177/1745691612462584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
People's beliefs about their personality, or how they typically think, feel, and behave, correspond somewhat to objective accuracy criteria. Yet recent research has highlighted the fact that there are many blind spots in self-knowledge and that these blind spots can have fairly negative consequences. What can people do to improve self-knowledge? The current article suggests that the construct of mindfulness, defined as paying attention to one's current experience in a nonevaluative way, may serve as a path to self-knowledge. Specifically, mindfulness appears to directly address the two major barriers to self-knowledge: informational barriers (i.e., the quantity and quality of information people have about themselves) and motivational barriers (i.e., ego-protective motives that affect how people process information about themselves). This article reviews the available evidence supporting the hypothesis that mindfulness improves self-knowledge and outlines promising future directions that might firmly establish an empirical link between mindfulness and self-knowledge.
Collapse
|
48
|
Beitel M, Wald LM, Midgett A, Green D, Cecero JJ, Kishon R, Barry DT. Humanistic experience and psychodynamic understanding: empirical associations among facets of self-actualization and psychological mindedness. PERSON-CENTERED & EXPERIENTIAL PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2014.981653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
49
|
Nardelli M, Valenza G, Cristea IA, Gentili C, Cotet C, David D, Lanata A, Scilingo EP. Characterizing psychological dimensions in non-pathological subjects through autonomic nervous system dynamics. Front Comput Neurosci 2015; 9:37. [PMID: 25859212 PMCID: PMC4373375 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2015.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective assessment of psychological traits of healthy subjects and psychiatric patients has been growing interest in clinical and bioengineering research fields during the last decade. Several experimental evidences strongly suggest that a link between Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) dynamics and specific dimensions such as anxiety, social phobia, stress, and emotional regulation might exist. Nevertheless, an extensive investigation on a wide range of psycho-cognitive scales and ANS non-invasive markers gathered from standard and non-linear analysis still needs to be addressed. In this study, we analyzed the discerning and correlation capabilities of a comprehensive set of ANS features and psycho-cognitive scales in 29 non-pathological subjects monitored during resting conditions. In particular, the state of the art of standard and non-linear analysis was performed on Heart Rate Variability, InterBreath Interval series, and InterBeat Respiration series, which were considered as monovariate and multivariate measurements. Experimental results show that each ANS feature is linked to specific psychological traits. Moreover, non-linear analysis outperforms the psychological assessment with respect to standard analysis. Considering that the current clinical practice relies only on subjective scores from interviews and questionnaires, this study provides objective tools for the assessment of psychological dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimma Nardelli
- Department of Information Engineering & Research Centre E. Piaggio, Faculty of Engineering, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Valenza
- Department of Information Engineering & Research Centre E. Piaggio, Faculty of Engineering, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Ioana A. Cristea
- Section of Psychology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of PisaPisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Pychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudio Gentili
- Section of Psychology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Carmen Cotet
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Pychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Pychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonio Lanata
- Department of Information Engineering & Research Centre E. Piaggio, Faculty of Engineering, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Enzo P. Scilingo
- Department of Information Engineering & Research Centre E. Piaggio, Faculty of Engineering, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
O'Keeffe M, James F. Facilitated group supervision: harnessing the power of peers. J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50:944-8. [PMID: 24957327 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mick O'Keeffe
- Child Development Service, Child and Youth Community Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland
| | | |
Collapse
|