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Singh D, Schumacher HK, Pellegrino CA, Holmes BW, Garfield RL, Harder VS. Assessing Strengths and Well-Being in Primary Care for Adolescents With Mental Health and Substance Use Concerns. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024:99228241264769. [PMID: 39049161 DOI: 10.1177/00099228241264769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in meeting adolescent behavioral health needs, primary care providers (PCPs) were a locus for interventions to address adolescent mental health and substance use concerns. Strength-based approaches may support PCP promotion of positive behavioral health in adolescents, but competing priorities or other factors may inhibit their use. We analyzed health record review data from 31 primary care practices to assess utilization of strength-based approaches during the health supervision visit (HSV) for adolescents with and without behavioral health concerns. We found that most had strengths identified (78%) or well-being topics addressed (83%). However, adolescents screening positive for depression were 40% less likely to have strengths identified, whereas those screening positive for anxiety or substance use were 89% and 163%, respectively, more likely to have well-being topics addressed. Primary care providers may need support for integrating strength-based approaches when managing adolescents screening positive for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepinder Singh
- The Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Heidi K Schumacher
- Vermont Child Health Improvement Program, Department of Pediatrics, The Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Christine A Pellegrino
- Vermont Child Health Improvement Program, Department of Pediatrics, The Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Breena W Holmes
- Vermont Child Health Improvement Program, Department of Pediatrics, The Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rachel L Garfield
- Vermont Child Health Improvement Program, Department of Pediatrics, The Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Valerie S Harder
- Vermont Child Health Improvement Program, Department of Pediatrics, The Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Yanık D, Kavak Budak F. The Effect of Positive Psychotherapy-Based Training on Stigma and Self-Efficacy in Women Receiving Infertility Treatment. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2024; 30:384-396. [PMID: 36113201 DOI: 10.1177/10783903221122801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility has increased in recent years. Infertility can cause many mental problems. The place of psychoeducation based on positive psychotherapy (PPT) is important in coping with mental problems. AIMS The aim of this study is to determine the effect of PPT-based training on stigma and self-efficacy in women receiving infertility treatment. METHODS This experimental study with randomized control group was completed with 64 women receiving infertility treatment. While the women in the experimental group received an 8-session PPT-based training, no intervention was applied to those in the control group. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was observed (p= .001) between the stigma and self-efficacy levels of the experimental group after the PPT-based training. CONCLUSIONS It was found that the PPT-based training was effective in decreasing stigma level of the women who received infertility treatment and increasing their self-efficacy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Yanık
- Derya Yanık, PhD, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
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Chai J, Liu F, Liu L, Hu N, Huang W, Wang H, Cui Y, Liu H, Li X, Li Y. The efficacy of homestyle rehabilitation on negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1138794. [PMID: 37139315 PMCID: PMC10149672 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1138794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder with a high disability rate that is characterized by negative symptoms such as apathy, hyperactivity, and anhedonia that can make daily life challenging and impair social functioning. In this study, we aim to investigate the effectiveness of homestyle rehabilitation in mitigating these negative symptoms and associated factors. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of hospital rehabilitation and homestyle rehabilitation for negative symptoms in 100 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. The participants were divided randomly into two groups, each persisting for 3 months. The primary outcome measures were the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The secondary outcome measures included the Positive Symptom Assessment Scale (SAPS), Calgary Schizophrenia Depression Scale (CDSS), Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). The trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of the two rehabilitation methods. Results Homestyle rehabilitation for negative symptoms was found to be more effective than hospital rehabilitation, according to the changes in SANS (T = 2.07, p = 0.04). Further analysis using multiple regression indicated that improvements in depressive symptoms (T = 6.88, p < 0.001) and involuntary motor symptoms (T = 2.75, p = 0.007) were associated with a reduction in negative symptoms. Conclusion Homestyle rehabilitation may have greater potential than hospital rehabilitation in improving negative symptoms, making it an effective rehabilitation model. Further research is necessary to investigate factors such as depressive symptoms and involuntary motor symptoms, which may be associated with the improvement of negative symptoms. Additionally, more attention should be given to addressing secondary negative symptoms in rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Chai
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Fuquan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Na Hu
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Healthy, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Mental Health Center of Haidian in Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojun Li, ; Ying Li,
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Healthy, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojun Li, ; Ying Li,
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Shaygan M, Hosseini FA, Negad SS. Temporal relationships between changes in depression and suicidal ideation: A mediation analysis in a randomized double-blinded clinical trial. Psychol Psychother 2022; 96:364-382. [PMID: 36563040 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a considerable debate regarding the possible dependence between depression and suicidal ideation treatments. The present study used a novel mediation approach in a randomized comparison of pharmacotherapy and combined therapy to explore whether depressive symptoms mediate the association between treatment and suicidal ideation and whether it depends on the treatment condition. DESIGN This study is a randomized, controlled, parallel group (1:1), clinical trial using a novel mediation approach for longitudinal data. Latent difference score modelling was utilized to investigate whether changes in depressive symptoms drive subsequent changes in suicide ideation. METHOD Participants were 94 depressive suicidal outpatients who were assessed regarding depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation over the course of an experiment (0-2-7 months). Direct and indirect associations between (change in) depressive symptoms and (change in) suicidal ideation were explored using Pearson's correlations and latent difference score model. RESULTS The results showed that depression treatment affects not only suicidal ideation directly but also its influence on suicidal ideation occurs via improvement in depressive symptoms. It was found a more significant effect of combining pharmacotherapy and PPT (in comparison with the pharmacotherapy alone) on the early and late improvements of suicidal ideation (Δ 0-2 and Δ 2-7) via the early improvement of depressive symptoms (Δ 0-2). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that changes in depressive symptoms preceded changes in suicidal ideation. Our results highlighted that improving depressive symptoms could be a primary target in treating patients with depression experiencing suicidal thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shaygan
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Alsadat Hosseini
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Patients' symptoms and strengths as predictors of long-term outcomes of CBT for generalized anxiety disorder - A three-level, multi-predictor analysis. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 92:102635. [PMID: 36201995 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), GAD often shows a chronic clinical course and common deterioration after treatment. Many trials have examined the efficacy of treatments in GAD, but little is known about intake predictors of long-term treatment outcomes. This study examined potential predictors of long-term treatment outcomes based on the individual's symptom severity and strengths (behavioral, cognitive, interpersonal) at intake. Long-term outcomes were defined as worry at six-month follow-up (six-m FU) and worry decrease from intake and post-treatment to six-m FU. Data from 137 CBT outpatients with a GAD diagnosis from two randomized clinical trials were analyzed using three-level hierarchical linear modeling. Results revealed that worrying decreased up to the six-m FU. In single-predictor models, intake symptom severity and strength measures predicted worry at the six-m FU. In multi-predictor models, only behavioral strengths remained a significant predictor. Worry decrease from intake to the six-m FU was only predicted by behavioral strengths. These findings provide relevant information about intake predictors of long-term outcomes after CBT for GAD and underscore the potential relevance of assessing patients' strengths for clinical practice.
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Lim WL, Tierney S. The Effectiveness of Positive Psychology Interventions for Promoting Well-being of Adults Experiencing Depression Compared to Other Active Psychological Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 24:249-273. [PMID: 36373089 PMCID: PMC9638203 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This systematic review assesses if positive psychology interventions (PPI) are more effective than other active psychological interventions for increasing the well-being of depressed adults. A review of randomised trials that compared PPI to other active interventions was conducted. A systematic search was undertaken using PsycInfo, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, two trial registries, and a manual search. The outcomes were happiness and depression. Ten studies, totalling 1341 participants, were included in the review. The small effect sizes for depression (Hedge's g = 0.15) and happiness (Hedge's g = 0.20) favoured PPI but were not significant, indicating no difference between PPI and other active interventions for the outcomes. Heterogeneity was high mainly due to differences in trial implementation. Risks of bias ranged from moderate to high. The results should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of included studies, high heterogeneity, and presence of bias. Protocol Registration Number PROSPERO CRD42019152513. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-022-00598-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Loong Lim
- Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie Tierney
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wang W, Mei S. Effect of Psychological Intervention on Perceived Stress and Positive Psychological Traits Among Nursing Students: Findings During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2022; 60:39-48. [PMID: 35412878 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20220325-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High levels of perceived stress and deterioration of positive psychological traits concomitant with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic have endangered the health and academic achievement of nursing students. Effective intervention research in this area should be performed as soon as possible. In the current study, a 15-month trial involving nursing students recruited from a medical university was conducted, in which an experimental group (n = 126) received the Three Good Things exercise based on social network groups. Two follow ups were performed. There was no intervention in the control group. During the intervention period, there were significant differences in perceived stress, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism between the two groups (p < 0.05). Perceived stress in the experimental group was significantly reduced throughout the follow-up period (p < 0.001). Postintervention analysis of optimism showed maintenance of the improvement trend over a 3-month period (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in hope between groups. The Three Good Things exercise had a short-term effect on decreasing perceived stress and increasing optimism among nursing students. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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Chu MHW, Lau B, Leung J, Chan SC, Tang B, Lau C, Newby C, Chiu R, Lo WTL, Schrank B, Slade M. Positive psychotherapy for psychosis in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2022; 240:175-183. [PMID: 35030447 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recovery-oriented practice has been advocated in mental health services in Hong Kong since 2009. Well-being has become an important area of focus for mental health services. Positive Psychotherapy for Psychosis (PPP) is a well-being-focused intervention for use in psychosis, with preliminary evidence from a randomized controlled trial in the United Kingdom of impact on well-being and symptomatology. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of PPP on the well-being of people with psychosis in Hong Kong. The study was a randomized controlled trial with two-arm parallel groups. Both groups received treatments as usual, and in addition the intervention group received a 13-session intervention based on a Cantonese Chinese translation of the PPP manual. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. The trial was registered (ANZCTR: ACTRN12620000464965). A total of 154 participants (78 intervention, 76 control) were recruited. As compared to control group, intervention group participants showed significant changes over time on the primary outcome of well-being assessed using the Chinese Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (p = 0.001) and on secondary outcomes of hope (Agency subscale: p = 0.029) and self-efficacy (p = 0.001). Positive Psychotherapy for Psychosis was found to be an effective treatment in improving the well-being and other mental health outcomes for people with psychosis. It can be recommended for use in mental health services to promote recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menza Hon-Wai Chu
- Occupational Therapy Department, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bien Lau
- Occupational Therapy Department, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Joey Leung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheung Chun Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Betty Tang
- Occupational Therapy Department, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Charles Lau
- Occupational Therapy Department, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Rose Chiu
- Occupational Therapy Department, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - William Tak-Lam Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Beate Schrank
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Krems, Austria
| | - Mike Slade
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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McTiernan K, Gullon-Scott F, Dudley R. Do Positive Psychology Interventions Impact on the Subjective Wellbeing and Depression of Clients? A Systematic Methodological Review. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-021-09522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMental health services are placing a greater emphasis on wellbeing and recovery. The current research investigated if positive psychology interventions (PPIs) increase peoples’ subjective wellbeing and reduce clinical depression. A systematic methodological review was conducted on randomized-control-trials with people attending clinical services. Five databases were searched. A hand search was then completed on the reference lists of the identified articles and the associated journals. Eleven research interventions were reviewed. PPIs were found to significantly increase wellbeing, relative to controls and there were fewer studies indicating a difference in decreasing depression. However, subsequent analysis revealed that the interventions were heterogeneous which limits the drawing of definitive systematic conclusions. A methodological evaluation also found that there were recurring issues: in delivering the interventions, measuring subjective wellbeing, and applying the design. Thus, the methodological quality of the research interventions, as measured by the current review was low. There is emerging evidence that PPIs improve peoples’ mental health. However, there is scope to standardize and to improve the quality of the research interventions.
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Hoppen TH, Morina N. Efficacy of positive psychotherapy in reducing negative and enhancing positive psychological outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046017. [PMID: 34489269 PMCID: PMC8422317 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive psychotherapy (PPT) aims at increasing positive affect, meaning and engagement. We aimed to synthesise the available evidence on PPT efficacy. DESIGN We conducted a preregistered systematic literature search and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials examining the efficacy of PPT for increasing positive (eg, satisfaction with life) or decreasing negative psychological outcomes (eg, depression). DATA SOURCES Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science from 2006 (ie, inception of PPT) to February 2020 as well as related systematic reviews and meta-analyses. RESULTS We included 20 randomised controlled trial with a total of 1360 participants. Moderate effect sizes were found for increasing positive outcomes (g=-0.72, 95% CI: -1.31 to -0.14, k=10, numbers needed to treat (NNT)=2.55) and reducing negative outcomes (g=0.48, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.78, k=8, NNT=3.76) when PPT was compared with waitlist control conditions at post-treatment assessment. When compared with active control conditions, PPT yielded large effect sizes for increasing positive outcomes (g=-0.92, 95% CI: -1.74 to -0.11, k=6, NNT=2.05) and reducing depression (g=0.94, 95% CI: 0.18 to 1.70, k=6, NNT=2.03) at post-treatment assessment. No significant differences in efficacy were found when compared with established treatments such as cognitive-behavioural therapy. Evidence was found to support an association between trial quality and effect sizes. For positive outcomes, higher trial quality was related to larger effect size. Whereas higher trial quality was associated with smaller effect size for depression. Follow-up assessments remained too scarce for most planned analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the short-term efficacy of PPT. However, results are to be regarded with due caution in the light of low number of trials. More high-quality trials that assess efficacy at follow-ups are needed to draw firmer conclusions on the long-term efficacy of PPT. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020173567.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nexhmedin Morina
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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The effects of positive or negative self-talk on the alteration of brain functional connectivity by performing cognitive tasks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14873. [PMID: 34290300 PMCID: PMC8295361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-talk can improve cognitive performance, but the underlying mechanism of such improvement has not been investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of self-talks on functional connectivity associated with cognitive performance. We used the short form of Progressive Matrices Test (sRPM) to measure differences in performance improvements between self-respect and self-criticism. Participants were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging in the following order: baseline, during-sRPM1, post-sRPM1, self-respect or self-criticism, during-sRPM2, and post-sRPM2. Analysis was conducted to identify the self-talks' modulatory effects on the reward-motivation, default mode, and central-executive networks. Increase in sRPM2 score compared to sRPM1 score was observed only after self-criticism. The self-talk-by-repetition interaction effect was not found for during-sRPM, but found for post-sRPM; decreased nucleus accumbens-based connectivity was shown after self-criticism compared with self-respect. However, the significant correlations between the connectivity change and performance change appeared only in the self-respect group. Our findings showed that positive self-talk and negative self-talk differently modulate brain states concerning cognitive performance. Self-respect may have both positive and negative effects due to enhanced executive functions and inaccurate confidence, respectively, whereas self-criticism may positively affect cognitive performance by inducing a less confident state that increases internal motivation and attention.
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Positive psychology interventions in the United Arab Emirates: boosting wellbeing - and changing culture? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:7475-7488. [PMID: 34305364 PMCID: PMC8284689 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As the science of wellbeing has grown, universities have adopted the challenge of prioritizing the wellbeing of students. Positive psychology interventions (PPIs), activities designed to increase the frequency of positive emotions and experiences, which help to facilitate the use of actions and thoughts that lead to human flourishing, are being increasingly used worldwide. Known to boost wellbeing and a number of other variables, it nonetheless remains unknown whether their use can influence other variables in non-Western cultures. In this study, we determined the impact of PPIs on a variety of wellbeing outcomes. The 6-week PPI program was conducted in the United Arab Emirates on Emirati university students (n = 120) who reported more positive emotion and overall balance of feelings that favored positivity over time relative to a control group. Yet, there was no effect found on negative emotions, life satisfaction, perceived stress, fear of happiness, locus of control, or somatic symptoms, and no effect on levels of collectivism or individualism. Our findings nonetheless support the use of PPIs in higher education as they show an increase in the experience of positive emotion, with this in itself bringing positive life outcomes, and no negative impact on culture. Our findings serve to build a foundation for understanding for whom PPIs work best - and least - around the world.
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Rajkumar RP. Suffering and Salutogenesis: A Conceptual Analysis of Lessons for Psychiatry From Existential Positive Psychology (PP2.0) in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:646334. [PMID: 33897551 PMCID: PMC8064119 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a widespread effect on the thoughts, emotions and behavior of millions of people all around the world. In this context, a large body of scientific literature examining the mental health impact of this global crisis has emerged. The majority of these studies have framed this impact in terms of pre-defined categories derived from psychiatric nosology, such as anxiety disorders, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. These constructs often fail to capture the complexity of the actual experiences of the individuals being studied; more specifically, they describe these experiences exclusively in terms of disease, while neglecting their potentially adaptive or “salutogenic” aspects. Similarly, discussion of psychological assistance for these individuals has largely been confined to a reiteration of “evidence-based” psychological or pharmacological techniques which can be delivered using remote access technology. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, these approaches are likely to be of mixed efficacy. Conversely, “negative emotions” or distressing psychological experiences may actually be functional in the setting of a disaster or crisis, serving to minimize harm, maximize social coherence and compliance, and facilitate adherence to safety measures. The limitations of the “conventional” approach are, to a certain degree, inherent to the prevailing medical model of mental health. Beyond these considerations lies the concept of “salutogenesis,” a term which refers to the innate capacity of individuals to create and maintain health and well-being in the face of adversity. Using principles derived from the second wave of positive psychology (PP2.0), particularly its emphasis on the totality of human experience and the possibility of deriving meaning and character growth from suffering, this paper conceptually analyses the relevant aspects of salutogenesis and PP2.0, and proposes an alternate approach for addressing mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such an approach, while acknowledging the utility of the conventional medical-psychotherapeutic model in specific cases, reduces the risk of medicalizing human experience, and provides individuals and communities with opportunities for growth and adaptation. The benefits of this proposal could potentially extend far beyond the current crisis, offering an opportunity for the field of psychiatry and mental health research to move away from a purely “disease-centered” model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
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Think and Act Positive: How to Deal with Conformity and Purpose in Life During Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/intjsh.79870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Hendriks T, Warren MA, Schotanus-Dijkstra M, Hassankhan A, Graafsma T, Bohlmeijer E, de Jong J. How WEIRD are positive psychology interventions? A bibliometric analysis of randomized controlled trials on the science of well-being. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2018.1484941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hendriks
- Department of Psychology, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Meg A Warren
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Marijke Schotanus-Dijkstra
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing Research (CEWR), Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aabidien Hassankhan
- Department of Psychology, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Tobi Graafsma
- Institute of Graduate Studies and Studies (IGSR), Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Ernst Bohlmeijer
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing Research (CEWR), Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Joop de Jong
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Ishihara M, Saito T, Sakurai T, Shimada H, Arai H. Effect of a Positive Photo Appreciation Program on Depressive Mood in Older Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1472. [PMID: 30002307 PMCID: PMC6068589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Safer and more effective programs are required to cope with an increasing number of older people with depression. Hence, we developed the Positive Photo Appreciation (PPA) program. A three-month pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted with healthy Japanese individuals aged 65⁻84 years, assigned to a PPA group (n = 28) or Photo Correspondence Education (PCE) (control group) (n = 27). We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures, among others, were cognitive function and positive emotion. Data collected at baseline and post-intervention were analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model. Over 80% of the participants in the PPA group completed and were satisfied with the program. Compared with the PCE group, the CES-D score in the PPA group significantly improved (main effect of group: t = -4.30, p < 0.001; interaction effect of group by time: t = 4.39, p < 0.001), with an effect size of d = 1.23. Additionally, a positive significant interaction effect of group by time was found in the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (t = -2.33, p = 0.024). The PPA program might be promising for mitigating depressive mood in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Ishihara
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Tami Saito
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Arai
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
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Görges F, Oehler C, von Hirschhausen E, Hegerl U, Rummel-Kluge C. GET.HAPPY - Acceptance of an internet-based self-management positive psychology intervention for adult primary care patients with mild and moderate depression or dysthymia: A pilot study. Internet Interv 2018; 12:26-35. [PMID: 30135766 PMCID: PMC6096332 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing number of internet interventions have been shown to help in alleviating symptoms of depression. So far, only little research has focused on other methods than CBT. The present study aimed to investigate the level of satisfaction with a positive psychology online training among patients with mild and moderate depression or dysthymia. Secondary outcome measures included changes in symptom severity, health related quality of life, and negative effects. METHODS A total of 81 participants were allocated to the intervention. They were asked to complete online questionnaires and were called by one of the study psychologists at baseline, at post-treatment, and at follow-up (3 months after completion of the intervention). Shorter questionnaires were administered after each module. RESULTS Overall satisfaction was promising. While participants seemed to be very satisfied with many aspects of the program itself, they were slightly less satisfied with its impact on the problems they sought to solve. Overall, negative effects attributed to the program were small with one exception. At post-treatment, 22.6% of the participants felt that they or their problems were not taken seriously by the program. Symptom severity decreased over time with mild to moderate effect sizes. There was a moderate increase in satisfaction with mental health at both post-treatment and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The online program investigated here may be a useful resource-oriented addition to the standard treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Görges
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Caroline Oehler
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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