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Klemp MT, Dose C, Hautmann C, Jendreizik LT, Mühlenmeister J, Plück J, Wähnke L, Döpfner M. Parenting Behaviors as Mediators of the Association Between Parental Internalizing Symptoms and Child Externalizing Symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:916-928. [PMID: 36306027 PMCID: PMC11245424 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes whether the association between parental internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress) and child symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is mediated by positive and negative parenting behaviors. Cross-sectional data of 420 parents of children (age 6-12 years) with elevated levels of externalizing symptoms were collected in a randomized controlled trial. Measures included parent ratings of their internalizing symptoms and parenting behaviors and of their child's externalizing symptoms. Two mediation models were examined, one including ADHD symptoms and one including ODD symptoms as the dependent variable. Parental internalizing symptoms were modeled as the independent variable and positive and negative parenting behaviors were modeled as parallel mediators. Regression analyses support negative parenting behavior as a mediator of the association between parental internalizing symptoms and child ODD symptoms. For the ADHD model, no significant mediator could be found. Future studies should use prospective designs and consider reciprocal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Klemp
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christina Dose
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Hautmann
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea T Jendreizik
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Judith Mühlenmeister
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Plück
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Wähnke
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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Mazurek C, Barry TD, Fisher K. Low neurocognitive performance and problematic contexts: interaction influences in predicting adolescent externalizing behaviors within a community sample. Child Neuropsychol 2024:1-25. [PMID: 39072450 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2024.2375804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Research has identified neurocognitive and contextual risk factors of externalizing behaviors. However, fewer studies have examined the interaction among neurocognitive and other risk factors in predicting externalizing behaviors. The goal of the current study was to examine the relation between neurocognitive and contextual factors in predicting externalizing behaviors in a community sample of adolescents. Participants were 84 adolescents, aged 11-17 (M = 13.39, SD = 1.82), recruited as part of a larger study. Separate moderated multiple regression models were utilized in which neurocognitive variables (intellectual functioning, short-term memory/attention, disinhibition) were added as predictors and contextual variables (family dysfunction and parental depression, anxiety, and stress) were added as moderators in step 1, and their interaction was added in step 2. Externalizing behaviors served as criterion variables (hyperactivity/impulsivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptom severity, reactive and proactive aggression). Overall, results suggest that higher levels of problematic contextual factors exacerbate the significant negative associations among neurocognitive functioning and externalizing behaviors. Importantly, this pattern was shown across neurocognitive domains and contextual factors. Findings suggest that contextual factors should be targeted for the treatment or prevention of youth externalizing behaviors, particularly for adolescents with neurocognitive vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie Mazurek
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Tammy D Barry
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Karin Fisher
- Allina Health Care & Medical Services, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Pham T, Pasalich D, Tran P, O'Kearney R. A randomized controlled trial of therapist-facilitated brief online behavioral parent training for reducing child disruptive behavior. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100448. [PMID: 38371397 PMCID: PMC10869913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Addressing child disruptive behavior in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is challenging. Therapist-facilitated, multisession, brief, online group parent training offers hope for mitigating this issue. However, trials, particularly in Asia, are limited. Objective This study primarily assessed the effectiveness of Brief Behavior Parent Training Vietnam (BBPTV) in reducing child disruptive behavior. Method This study was a randomized controlled trial involving 109 Vietnamese parents (mean age = 34.1, 96 % were mothers) of preschool children displaying ongoing disruptive behaviors. Interventions included the BBPTV group (n = 56) receiving a therapist-facilitated, four-session program conducted through online group meetings and the care-as-usual (CAU) group (n = 53) having a 15 min individual online consultation. Primary outcomes, assessed online at two and six months postintervention, encompassed the intensity and frequency of children's disruptive problems. Secondary outcomes involved parenting practices, coercive interactions, marital conflicts, parenting self-efficacy, and parental mental health. Results In contrast to CAU, the BBPTV group showed lower child disruptive intensity, reduced parent-child coercive interactions, and diminished marital conflicts, with a higher score in involving parenting two months post-intervention. Six months postintervention, BBPTV also exhibited significantly lower scores in child disruptive intensity and problems, harsh parenting, and coercive processes compared to CAU. Conclusions The therapist-facilitated, four-session, internet-delivered group parent intervention resulted in superior and sustained improvements in child disruptive behavior, parenting practices, and parent-child coercive interaction compared to usual care, highlighting the potential for online BBPT to extend mental health care in Vietnam and other LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triet Pham
- School of Medicine and Psychology, ANU College Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Building 39, Science Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Children's Hospital 1 (Benh vien Nhi dong 1), 341 Su Van Hanh street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Dave Pasalich
- School of Medicine and Psychology, ANU College Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Building 39, Science Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Phu Tran
- Children's Hospital 1 (Benh vien Nhi dong 1), 341 Su Van Hanh street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Richard O'Kearney
- School of Medicine and Psychology, ANU College Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Building 39, Science Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Klemp MT, Dose C, Mühlenmeister J, Plück J, Wähnke L, Döpfner M. Negative Parenting Mediates the Longitudinal Association between Parental Internalizing Symptoms and Child Oppositional Symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01575-0. [PMID: 37477825 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Research has pointed to both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between parental internalizing symptoms and child externalizing symptoms. This study analyzed whether the association is mediated by negative parenting behavior in view of previous reports that both parental internalizing symptoms and child externalizing symptoms are related to parenting behaviors. Longitudinal data for the current analyses were derived from a randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of a web-assisted self-help intervention for parents of children with elevated levels of externalizing symptoms. Two different mediation models were analyzed, one using attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms as the dependent variable and the other using oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms. Both models included parental internalizing symptoms as the independent variable, negative parenting behavior as a mediator, and study condition as a confounder. The longitudinal analyses support the mediating role of negative parenting behavior in the association between early parental internalizing symptoms and later child ODD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Klemp
- Faculty of Medicine, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christina Dose
- Faculty of Medicine, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Judith Mühlenmeister
- Faculty of Medicine, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Plück
- Faculty of Medicine, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Wähnke
- Faculty of Medicine, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Faculty of Medicine, School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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Song Z, Huang J, Qiao T, Yan J, Zhang X, Lu D. Association between Maternal Anxiety and Children's Problem Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191711106. [PMID: 36078827 PMCID: PMC9518446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have found that maternal anxiety is a risk factor for the development of children's problem behaviors, and there is a possible role of genes in the association between the two. And anxious mothers caring for their children can also affect the development of children's problem behaviors. However, there is also considerable evidence from studies that refute this view. This study used a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between maternal anxiety and preschool children's problem behaviors. Through literature retrieval and selection, in terms of the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, 88 independent effect sizes (34 studies, 295,032 participants) were picked out as meta-analysis units. The test for heterogeneity illustrated that there was significant heterogeneity in 88 independent effect sizes, while the random effects model was an appropriate model for the subsequent meta-analysis. The publication bias test indicated that the impact of publication bias was modest but the major findings remained valid. In addition, in terms of the tentative review analysis and research hypotheses, the random effects model was used as a meta-analysis model. The research revealed that maternal anxiety was significantly positively correlated with preschool children's internalizing problem behaviors, externalizing problem behaviors, and overall problem behaviors. The moderating effect analysis showed that region and gender of the child affected the relationship between maternal anxiety and children's internalizing problem behaviors and externalizing problem behaviors, and region, child's age and gender, mother's age, and education level affected maternal anxiety and preschool children's problems behavioral relationship. Hence, these results affirmed the role of maternal anxiety and emphasized the need to pay attention to the demographic characteristics and cultural background of the subjects during the research process and consider the generalizability of the conclusions under different circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanmei Song
- Institute of International Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tianqi Qiao
- School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jingfeng Yan
- School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Dengcheng Lu
- School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Sell M, Barkmann C, Adema B, Daubmann A, Kilian R, Stiawa M, Busmann M, Winter SM, Lambert M, Wegscheider K, Wiegand-Grefe S. Associations of Family Functioning and Social Support With Psychopathology in Children of Mentally Ill Parents: Multilevel Analyses From Different Rating Perspectives. Front Psychol 2021; 12:705400. [PMID: 34594270 PMCID: PMC8476746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.705400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring of mentally ill parents is at heightened risk for psychological symptoms. The identification of environmental factors that predict their mental health is crucial for the development of preventive and therapeutic measures. In the current study, we addressed the combined role of family functioning and social support by taking mentally ill patients’, their partners’, and children’s perspectives into account. The cross-sectional sample included n=195 families (195 patients, 127 partners, and 295 children). Family members completed questionnaires related to family functioning, social support as well as parental and child psychopathology. We conducted multilevel analyses to investigate the associations with internalizing and externalizing problems in children. Family functioning and social support were significantly associated with child internalizing and externalizing problems. However, results varied depending on the rating perspective. We found significant interaction effects of family functioning and social support on child psychopathology. The findings point to the importance of family functioning and social support as potential targets for interventions. Findings should be replicated in future longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlit Sell
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claus Barkmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bonnie Adema
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Daubmann
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maja Stiawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mareike Busmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lambert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Wiegand-Grefe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Dias CC, Figueiredo B. Unidirectional and bidirectional links between maternal depression symptoms and infant sleep problems. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13363. [PMID: 33900005 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored (a) the unidirectional and bidirectional links between maternal depression symptoms and infant sleep problems and (b) the moderating role of the infant's sex on these unidirectional and bidirectional links. Mothers (N = 312) completed measures of depression symptoms at the third pregnancy trimester, and measures of depression symptoms and infant sleep problems at 2 weeks, and at 3 and 6 months postpartum. The findings revealed: (a) a main unidirectional link between maternal depression symptoms during the third trimester and infant sleep problems, particularly on infant unsettled sleep and daytime sleepiness at 3 and 6 months; (b) bidirectional links between maternal postpartum depression symptoms and infant unsettled sleep at 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months of life; and (c) the reported links between maternal depression symptoms and infant sleep problems occur specifically in boys and their mothers. Maternal prenatal depression symptoms are linked to infant sleep problems and infant sleep problems are linked to maternal postnatal depression symptoms. Boys are more susceptible to the effects of maternal prenatal and postnatal depression symptoms, and mothers of boys are more susceptible to the effects of boys' sleep problems.
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DNA Methylation and Allelic Polymorphism at the Dopamine Transporter Promoter Affect Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Preschoolers. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:281-290. [PMID: 32462358 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in the onset and maintenance of emotional-behavioral difficulties is recognized in adults, adolescents and school-age children, whereas few studies in this field have focused on preschoolers. The study recruited 2-year old children (N = 152) in the general population assessing the possible effect of DAT methylation and allelic polymorphism on internalizing and externalizing symptoms, also exploring whether epigenetic and genetic variability interact. Our results showed that DAT methylation is significantly associated with all the dimensions of children's emotional/behavioral functioning in children carrying 10/10-3/3-8/10 polymorphisms but not in children carrying 9/10-9/9 allele repeats. Understanding the influence of genetic/epigenetic factors on maladaptive emotional/behavioral outcomes in young children, can be of great help in programming effective prevention and intervention plans and can be a valid aid to alleviate psychopathological symptoms before they crystalize into more severe clinical conditions in later life.
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Carrasco MA, Delgado B, Holgado-Tello FP. Children's Temperament: A Bridge between Mothers' Parenting and Aggression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6382. [PMID: 32887232 PMCID: PMC7504557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Childhood aggression is important to acknowledge due to its social impact and importance in predicting future problems. The temperament of a child and parental socialization have been essential in explaining behavioral problems, particularly in the case of childhood aggression. The aim of this study is to examine-from the parents' perspective-the role of childhood temperament in the dynamic by which mothers' reactions socialize their children's aggression. We also explore how children's gender and age differences affect these relationships. The sample was composed of 904 participants between 1 and 6 years old. The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire and the Children's Behavior Questionnaire were used to evaluate children's negative affect and effortful control. The Parent-Child Relationship Inventory Maternal was used to assess maternal communication and discipline, and child aggression was assessed using the Children's Behavior Checklist. The results supported the mediating role of temperament in the processes by which perceived mothers' reactions socialize their children's aggression and suggested that maternal behaviors may not have the same consequences for girls and boys. Specifically, the aggressiveness of girls is dependent on a negative affect throughout toddlerhood and early childhood, while for boys, the duration of the negative affect's contribution is shorter, and aggressiveness is more sensitive to the maternal behaviors of discipline and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Pablo Holgado-Tello
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Campus Norte, Calle de Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.C.); (B.D.)
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Xerxa Y, Rescorla LA, van der Ende J, Hillegers MHJ, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. From Parent to Child to Parent: Associations Between Parent and Offspring Psychopathology. Child Dev 2020; 92:291-307. [PMID: 32845015 PMCID: PMC7891374 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parental psychopathology can affect child functioning, and vice versa. We examined bidirectional associations between parent and offspring psychopathology in 5,536 children and their parents. We asked three questions: (a) are parent-to-child associations stronger than child-to-parent associations? (b) are mother-to-child associations stronger than father-to-child associations? and (c) do within- and between-person effects contribute to bidirectional associations between parent and offspring psychopathology? Our findings suggest that only within-rater bidirectional associations of parent and offspring psychopathology can be consistently detected, with no difference between mothers and fathers. Child psychopathology was hardly associated with parental psychopathology. No evidence for cross-rater child-to-parent associations was found suggesting that the within-rater child-to-parent associations reflect shared method variance. Moreover, within-person change accounted for a part of the variance observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Henning Tiemeier
- Erasmus University Medical Center.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health
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Psychological Problems and Socioemotional Wellbeing among Children of Mothers with Depression and Their Association with Sociodemographic Factors in a Sri Lankan Setting. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2018; 2018:3809384. [PMID: 29850470 PMCID: PMC5926479 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3809384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression is known to be associated with anxiety, depression, oppositional and conduct disorders, neurocognitive deficits, ADHD, substance abuse, and personality disorder in the offspring. We aimed to describe the proportion of psychological problems among children of mothers with depression in Sri Lanka and to describe the associated sociodemographic factors. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 children and adolescents between 4 and 16 years, whose mothers have a diagnosis of depression and are currently in remission. Specifically designed instruments were used to extract sociodemographic details and data on mother's illness. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to detect psychological problems in children. RESULTS 14% of the children scored abnormally high in hyperactivity, 13% in conduct problems, 12% in emotional problems, 9% in peer problems, and 10% in total difficulties. Children (4-12 years) scored significantly higher than the adolescents in hyperactivity and externalizing problems (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found in peer problems (p < 0.05), internalizing problems (p < 0.05), and total difficulties (p < 0.05) in relation to the age of the mother. CONCLUSION Screening the children of mothers with depression for psychological problems and developing a holistic management plan, which includes measures to ensure their wellbeing, is important.
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