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Bentz L, Mantilla DO, Winter SM. [Diagnostic Options for Suspected Cases of Emotional Maltreatment - Presentation of the Interdisciplinary Perspective of a Child Protection Outpatient Clinic]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2024; 73:55-84. [PMID: 38275233 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2024.73.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Compared to sexual and physical violence, cases of emotional abuse are often more difficult to detect. An increasingly advocated approach involves regular assessments within social and healthcare structures tto proactively identify affected children and adolescents at an early stage. This enables the prompt initiation of appropriate interventions. Following, interdisciplinary institutions such as a child protection outpatient clinic can play an important role for professionals in the clarification of suspected child endangerment.This article aims to show possible courses of action for the early detection of emotional abuse based on a child protection outpatient clinic. In addition to the description of the interdisciplinary diagnostic procedure a selection of psychometric questionnaires and interviews is presented, which inquire about emotional abuse. When looking at the total number of 1,388 cases seen at the child protection outpatient clinic, it is noticeable that only 117 cases (8.4 %) were assigned with a suspicion of emotional abuse.This contrasts with 477 cases (34.3 %) in which confirmed indications for emotional abuse were found after the clarification process. An intersection of emotional abuse with other forms of child maltreatment was given in 341 cases (71.4 %). Psychometric questionnaires and interviews can facilitate a regular recording in health and social service institutions. Emotional abuse often goes unnoticed despite its frequency. Itsmanifestations are diverse and significantly overlap with other forms of maltreatment, necessitating a nuanced evaluation process. Specific diagnostic tools and interdisciplinary collaboration can contribute to better recognition of emotional abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Bentz
- Lehrstuhl für Kinderschutz und Traumafolgen, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Diego Olaya Mantilla
- Lehrstuhl für Kinderschutz und Traumafolgen, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Lehrstuhl für Kinderschutz und Traumafolgen, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Deutschland
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Hoffmann F, Linz R, Steinbeis N, Bauer M, Dammering F, Lazarides C, Klawitter H, Bentz L, Entringer S, Winter SM, Buss C, Heim C. Children with maltreatment exposure exhibit rumination-like spontaneous thought patterns: association with symptoms of depression, subcallosal cingulate cortex thickness, and cortisol levels. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:31-41. [PMID: 37402634 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment is associated with pervasive risk for depression. However, the immediate cognitive and neural mechanisms that mediate this risk during development are unknown. We here studied the impact of maltreatment on self-generated thought (SGT) patterns and their association with depressive symptoms, subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) thickness, and cortisol levels in children. METHODS We recruited 183 children aged 6-12 years, 96 of which were exposed to maltreatment. Children performed a mind wandering task to elicit SGTs. A subgroup of children underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (N = 155) for SCC thickness analyses and saliva collection for quantification of free cortisol concentrations (N = 126) was collected. Using network analysis, we assessed thought networks and compared these networks between children with and without maltreatment exposure. Using multilevel analyses, we then tested the association between thought networks of children with maltreatment exposure with depressive symptoms, SCC thickness, and cortisol levels. RESULTS Children exposed to maltreatment generated fewer positively valenced thoughts. Network analysis revealed rumination-like thought patterns in children with maltreatment exposure, which were associated with depressive symptoms, SCC thickness, and cortisol levels. Children with maltreatment exposure further exhibited decreased future-self thought coupling, which was associated with depressive symptoms, while other-related and past-oriented thoughts had the greatest importance within the network. CONCLUSIONS Using a novel network analytic approach, we provide evidence that children exposed to maltreatment exhibit ruminative clustering of thoughts, which is associated with depressive symptoms and neurobiological correlates of depression. Our results provide a specific target for clinical translation to design early interventions for middle childhood. Targeting thought patterns in children with maltreatment exposure may be an effective strategy to effectively mitigate depression risk early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Hoffmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Linz
- Research Group "Social Stress and Family Health", Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Steinbeis
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Bauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Dammering
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Lazarides
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Klawitter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Bentz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Safe & Healthy Children, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Semrau GM, Härlin R, Di Maria C, Schwartländer B, Winter SM. [Medical Child Abuse - A Guideline to Detecting this Particular Form of Child Maltreatment]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2024; 73:85-109. [PMID: 38275232 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2024.73.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The term Medical Child Abuse (MCA) describes a form of child abuse in which the medical system is "abused" by carrying out unnecessary medical procedures on a child. This abuse of the medical system occurs through misrepresentation, non-disclosure, fabrication, misinterpretation or active causation of symptoms by a parent. In this article, the construct ofmedical child abuse is defined and predisposing and motivational factors are examined. It also provides an overview of terms that are used synonymously or comparably in the literature and discusses the connection between MCA and Munchausen-by-proxy-syndrome.The core of the article is the presentation of an internal guideline, which was created by the interdisciplinary working group on MCA of the Clinics for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, the Child Protection Outpatient Clinic and the Social Services at the Charité. It also outlines possible interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina-Melissa Semrau
- Forschungssektion Traumafolgen und Kinderschutz, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Campus Virchow, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Deutschland
| | - Ruth Härlin
- Forschungssektion Traumafolgen und Kinderschutz, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Campus Virchow, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Deutschland
| | - Caroline Di Maria
- Forschungssektion Traumafolgen und Kinderschutz, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Campus Virchow, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Deutschland
| | - Birgit Schwartländer
- Forschungssektion Traumafolgen und Kinderschutz, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Campus Virchow, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Lehrstuhl für Kinderschutz und Traumafolgen, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Deutschland
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Nöhles VB, Jaite C, Rubarth K, Heuer FH, Bödeker K, Golz L, Winter SM, Correll CU. Magnitude and Correlates of Symptomatic, Global Illness, and Social Functioning Response; Out-of-Home Placement; and Length of Stay in 1,189 Consecutively Hospitalized Children and Adolescents With Mental Disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2023; 85:23m14897. [PMID: 38153319 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.23m14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify outcome predictors in hospitalized youth with mental disorders. Methods: This retrospective analysis of systematically recorded clinical parameters in youth hospitalized for psychiatric treatment in 2004-2015 assessed magnitude and correlates of symptom response (SR), global illness response (GIR), social functioning (SF), out-of-home placement (OOHP), and length of stay (LOS). Backward elimination regression analyses were performed to identify independent baseline correlates of each of the 5 outcomes, with R2 representing the variance explained by the independent correlates retained in the final model. Results: Across 1,189 youth (median age = 14.4 years; interquartile range = 11.6,16.1 years; range, 5-19 years; females = 61.5%), frequencies of coprimary outcomes were as follows: SR = 57.5% (statistically significant correlates = 13, R2 = 0.154), GIR = 30.0% (correlates = 5, R2 = 0.078), SF = 19.0% (correlates = 8, R2 = 0.207), OOHP recommendation = 35.2% (correlates = 13, R2 = 0.275), and mean ± SD LOS = 65.0 ± 37.5 days (correlates = 11, R2 = 0.219). In multivariable analyses, 11 factors were statistically significantly (P < .05) associated with > 1 poor outcome: 4 with 4 outcomes (disturbed social interaction, substance abuse/dependence symptoms; sole exception for both = LOS; disturbed drive/attention/impulse control, sole exception = OOHP; higher admission BMI percentile [but shorter LOS], sole exception = GIR), 3 with 3 outcomes (higher admission age [but good SF and shorter LOS], more abnormal psychosocial circumstances, more mental health diagnoses), and 4 with 2 outcomes (intelligence level [IQ] < 85, obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, disturbed social behavior, somatic findings). Additionally, 17 correlates were statistically significantly (P < .05) associated with 1 outcome, ie, SR = 6, OOHP = 5, LOS = 5, SF = 1. Conclusions: Higher admission BMI percentile, disturbed social interaction, disturbed drive/attention/impulse control, and substance abuse/dependence symptoms were independently associated with multiple poor outcomes in mentally ill youth requiring inpatient care. Knowledge of global and specific correlates of poor inpatient treatment outcomes may help inform treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor B Nöhles
- Charité Universitätsmedizin-Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Jaite
- Charité Universitätsmedizin-Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy in Childhood and Adolescence, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rubarth
- Charité Universitätsmedizin-Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Informatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabiola H Heuer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin-Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Bödeker
- Charité Universitätsmedizin-Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Golz
- Charité Universitätsmedizin-Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin-Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Charité Universitätsmedizin-Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
- Corresponding Author: Christoph U. Correll, MD; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Calvano C, Engelke L, Holl-Etten AK, Renneberg B, Winter SM. Almost 2 years into the COVID-19 pandemic: an update on parental stress, parent mental health, and the occurrence of child maltreatment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2593-2609. [PMID: 36739338 PMCID: PMC9899111 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased parental stress, poorer mental health, and an increase in the occurrence of child maltreatment (CM) have been reported in earlier phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data from later phases of the pandemic are not yet available. We conducted a cross-sectional, representative survey among 1087 parents (48.8% female; mean age 41.72 years, SD = 9.15) in Germany in December 2021. Data were compared to a previous representative sample, assessed in August 2020 (N = 1024), and to normative scores of the outcome measures. Predictors for the occurrence of CM were analyzed by logistic regression. Pandemic-related stress and general stress were higher and physical and mental health were poorer in the December 2021 sample than in the August 2020 sample. Occurrence rates of CM varied between 5 and 56%. Verbal emotional abuse (n = 607, 56%), witnessing domestic violence (n = 446, 41%), and emotional neglect (n = 435, 40%) were most frequently reported. For these subtypes, parental risk for alcohol abuse (OR 2.1-2.7) and parental recent experience of violence (OR 2.1-5.1) were the strongest predictors. Across all subtypes of CM, parents reporting child maltreatment showed poorer scores on all stress outcomes, with medium-large-effect sizes. Results confirm a high burden within the families, almost 2 years into the pandemic. Occurrence rates of a broad spectrum of CM subtypes raise further concerns for the well-being of children. Family-oriented intervention efforts are needed to stabilize families and provide targeted support. Longitudinal studies are needed for a description of families at risk for poorer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calvano
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 62, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Lara Engelke
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Katharina Holl-Etten
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Babette Renneberg
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Joseph J, Buss C, Knop A, de Punder K, Winter SM, Spors B, Binder E, Haynes JD, Heim C. Greater maltreatment severity is associated with smaller brain volume with implication for intellectual ability in young children. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100576. [PMID: 37810429 PMCID: PMC10558820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood maltreatment profoundly alters trajectories of brain development, promoting markedly increased long-term health risks and impaired intellectual development. However, the immediate impact of maltreatment on brain development in children and the extent to which altered global brain volume contributes to intellectual development in children with maltreatment experience is currently unknown. We here utilized MRI data obtained from children within 6 months after the exposure to maltreatment to assess the association of maltreatment severity with global brain volume changes. We further assessed the association between maltreatment severity and intellectual development and tested for the mediating effect of brain volume on this association. Method We used structural MRI (3T) in a sample of 49 children aged 3-5 years with maltreatment exposure, i.e. emotional and physical abuse and/or neglect within 6 months, to characterize intracranial and tissue-specific volumes. Maltreatment severity was coded using the Maternal Interview for the Classification of Maltreatment. IQ was tested at study entry and after one year using the Snijders Oomen Nonverbal Test. Results Higher maltreatment severity was significantly correlated with smaller intracranial volume (r = -.393, p = .008), which was mainly driven by lower total brain volume (r = -.393, p = .008), which in turn was primarily due to smaller gray matter volume (r = -.454, p = .002). Furthermore, smaller gray matter volume was associated with lower IQ at study entry (r = -.548, p < .001) and predicted IQ one year later (r = -.493, p = .004.). The observed associations were independent of potential confounding variables, including height, socioeconomic status, age and sex. Importance We provide evidence that greater maltreatment severity in early childhood is related to smaller brain size at a very young age with significant consequences for intellectual ability, likely setting a path for far-reaching long-term disadvantages. Insights into the molecular and neural processes that underlie the impact of maltreatment on brain structure and function are urgently needed to derive mechanism-driven targets for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Joseph
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Knop
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin de Punder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sibylle M. Winter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Spors
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - John-Dylan Haynes
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
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Akın A, Goth K, Seiffge-Krenke I, Obbarius A, Winter SM, Sarrar L. Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostic of Adolescents in Light of the New ICD-11 Model of Personality Functioning: Personality Structure, Psychodynamic Conflicts, and Mental Health Problems. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1095. [PMID: 37508592 PMCID: PMC10378630 DOI: 10.3390/children10071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 11th Revision introduced a fully dimensional approach to personality disorders which conceptionally converges with the long-standing psychodynamic understanding of psychopathology through underlying intra- and interpersonal impairments. In this study, the diagnostic contributions of the two psychodynamic concepts of personality structure and psychodynamic conflicts were investigated through the comparison of self-report data of 189 adolescents with mental health problems and 321 mentally healthy controls. The study results reveal that adolescents with mental health problems show significantly higher impairments in all four domains of personality structure and significantly higher levels of several psychodynamic conflicts. Further, adolescents with different mental health problems significantly differ regarding the impairments in the personality structure domains and several levels of psychodynamic conflicts. While higher structural impairments are shown in adolescents with eating and anxiety disorders, higher levels of the passive self-worth conflict persist in adolescents with depressive disorders, and higher levels of the passive identity conflict are affecting adolescents with eating disorders. The findings suggest that a standardized diagnostic assessment of personality structure and psychodynamic conflicts in adolescent patients could contribute to a deeper understanding of mental health problems and appropriate treatment planning through the detection of underlying intra- and interpersonal impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Akın
- Unit for Psychosomatic Medicine, Institute of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité-Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirstin Goth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinics Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Obbarius
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Sarrar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
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Engelke L, Winter SM, Renneberg B, Calvano C. [Parental Burden, Need for Support and Resources After Almost Two Years of COVID-19-Pandemic: Results of a Representative Study in Germany]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2023; 72:287-304. [PMID: 37218556 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2023.72.4.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies assessing the burden of families in the second year of the COVID-19-pandemic and the need for support are scarce. Burden, negative and positive changes, resources, and the need for support during the COVID-19-pandemic of a representative sample of 1,087 parents (52,0 % female; mean age 40,4) of minors in Germany were assessed in December 2021. We used a mixed-method approach.More than 50 % percent of parents were burdened about the development of the pandemic (58,5 %), restrictions in activities outside (54,8 %), the mental health of others (54,0 %), and social distance (53,7 %). Parents reported negative changes in partnership (esp. increase in conflicts and crises; 29,4 %), school development (esp. deterioration of school performance; 25,7 %), and mental health of children (38,1 %). In retrospect, over one-third of the parents saw a need for better political communication (36,0 %) and financial support (34,1 %) during the pandemic. In December, 23,8 % of parents still reported the need for support: financial (51,3 %), social (26,6 %), and psychotherapy for themselves (25,8 %). However, parents reported positive changes, especially within the family, feelings of gratitude and new attitudes. Social interaction and positive activities were identified as resources. In the second year of the pandemic, parents experienced much burden and needed support. Interventions and policies should be more targeted and needs-oriented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Engelke
- Freie Universität Berlin Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaften und Psychologie, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie Habelschwerdter Allee 45 14195 Berlin; Deutschland
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Berlin Deutschland
| | - Babette Renneberg
- Freie Universität Berlin Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaften und Psychologie, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie Habelschwerdter Allee 45 14195 Berlin; Deutschland
| | - Claudia Calvano
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaften und Psychologie, Klinische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie und -psychotherapie, Berlin Deutschland
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Wiegand-Grefe S, Warkentin H, Adema B, Daubmann A, Kilian R, Winter SM, Lambert M, Wegscheider K, Busmann M. Families with Mentally Ill Parents and Their Partners: Overlaps in Psychiatric Symptoms and Symptom Coping. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5240. [PMID: 37047856 PMCID: PMC10094103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Partners in families with a mentally ill parent often experience psychiatric symptoms themselves. Recent studies indicate that there might be overlaps in disorder-specific symptom areas between partners and spouses. This study aimed at examining associations in psychiatric symptoms and symptom coping in partners in families with a mentally ill parent, e.g., having a psychiatric diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Furthermore, a moderation of the psychiatric symptoms of the parent with a mental illness on the association in symptom coping was assumed. Families with at least one parent with a mental illness were recruited into the longitudinal "Children of Mentally Ill Parents" (CHIMPS) trial at seven clinical centers in Germany and Switzerland. In total, 139 families were included in the current study. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), while symptom coping strategies were measured using the Freiburger Fragebogen zur Krankheitsverarbeitung (FKV). Regression analyses have indicated an association in psychiatric symptoms between mentally ill parents and their partners concerning psychosocial functioning, somatic, and stress-related symptoms. Additionally, one symptom coping strategy of the partners was predicted by the same strategy of the parent with a mental illness. The results emphasize the importance of screening and providing support to parents burdened by the mental disorder of their partners, especially regarding the children in these partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wiegand-Grefe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Warkentin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bonnie Adema
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Daubmann
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sibylle M. Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lambert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Busmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Roth M, Kluczniok D, Roepke S, Heim C, Herpertz SC, Hindi Attar C, Dittrich K, Boedeker K, Winter SM, Ridder NS, Poppinga SK, Bermpohl F. Relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder, Emotional Availability, and Cortisol Output in Mother-Child Dyads. Psychopathology 2023; 56:90-101. [PMID: 35073545 DOI: 10.1159/000521519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often show altered emotional availability toward their own child and heightened stress vulnerability. The aims of the present study were (1) to examine total cortisol output in saliva during mother-child interaction in mothers with BPD and their children and (2) to test whether maternal nonhostility as a subscale of emotional availability mediates the relationship between maternal BPD and child total cortisol output. METHODS We investigated 16 mothers with BPD and 30 healthy control mothers (HC) and 29 children of mothers with BPD and 33 children of HC mothers. Children were between 5 and 12 years old. Salivary cortisol was collected prior to and twice after an episode of a 21-min standardized play situation between mother and child. Nonhostility was rated using the emotional availability scales. Analyses of covariance were computed to test for group differences in total cortisol output (measured with area under the curve with respect to ground). Pearson's correlation was calculated to test the association between maternal and child total cortisol output. To test the second question, a mediation analysis according to Preacher and Hayes was conducted. RESULTS Mothers with BPD and their children had lower total cortisol output. Maternal and child total cortisol output was significantly correlated. Contrary to our hypothesis, maternal nonhostility did not mediate the relationship between BPD and child total cortisol output. CONCLUSION Results imply that the hormonal stress activity of mothers with BPD and their children is altered, which may reflect modified stress regulation and stress vulnerability in mother and child and may impact on mother-child interaction. The finding of a positive association between mother's and child total cortisol output could indicate an intergenerational transmission of these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Roth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Kluczniok
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Roepke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department for General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catherine Hindi Attar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Dittrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Boedeker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neele S Ridder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sina K Poppinga
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Suess H, Wiegand-Grefe S, Adema B, Daubmann A, Kilian R, Zapf A, Winter SM, Lambert M, Wegscheider K, Busmann M. Clinical Trial Data: Both Parents Having Psychiatric Symptoms as Risk Factor for Children's Mental Illness. Children (Basel) 2022; 9:1697. [PMID: 36360425 PMCID: PMC9688718 DOI: 10.3390/children9111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Children of mentally ill parents represent a particularly vulnerable risk group for the development of mental illness. This study examines whether there is a predictive association between children's psychiatric symptomatology and (1) the clinical diagnosis according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) of their mentally ill parent as well as (2) to families both parents showing psychiatric symptoms. The study is part of the multicenter controlled trial project "Children of Mentally Ill Parents" (CHIMPS). For this purpose, the psychiatric symptomatology of the mentally ill parent (N = 196) and his or her partner (N = 134) as well as the psychiatric symptomatology of their children aged 4 to 18 years (N = 290) was measured using clinical rated ICD-10-diagnosis, self-rated Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Using multilevel analyses, the severity of the parental psychiatric symptomatology (BSI) was identified as a significant predictor of children's psychiatric symptomatology (CBCL). Children of parents with a personality disorder (ICD-10) were not more affected than children of parents with another ICD-10-diagnosis. However, children with two parents showing psychiatric symptoms (CBCL) were significantly more affected than children with one mentally ill parent. The results of this study support the well-known view that parental mental illness is a risk factor for children's psychiatric symptoms. Therefore, increased support, especially in high-risk families, both parents having psychiatric symptoms, is highly necessary and should be implemented in the future psychotherapeutic family care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Suess
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Wiegand-Grefe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bonnie Adema
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Daubmann
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at Bezirkskrankenhaus Guenzburg, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Zapf
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle M. Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lambert
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Busmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Winter SM, Dittrich K, Dörr P, Overfeld J, Moebus I, Murray E, Karaboycheva G, Zimmermann C, Knop A, Voelkle M, Entringer S, Buss C, Haynes JD, Binder EB, Heim C. Immediate impact of child maltreatment on mental, developmental, and physical health trajectories. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1027-1045. [PMID: 35266137 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immediate impact of child maltreatment on health and developmental trajectories over time is unknown. Longitudinal studies starting in the direct aftermath of exposure with repeated follow-up are needed. METHOD We assessed health and developmental outcomes in 6-month intervals over 2 years in 173 children, aged 3-5 years at study entry, including 86 children with exposure to emotional and physical abuse or neglect within 6 months and 87 nonmaltreated children. Assessments included clinician-administered, self- and parent-report measures of psychiatric and behavioral symptoms, development, and physical health. Linear mixed models and latent growth curve analyses were used to contrast trajectories between groups and to investigate the impact of maltreatment features on trajectories. RESULTS Maltreated children exhibited greater numbers of psychiatric diagnoses (b = 1.998, p < .001), externalizing (b = 13.29, p < .001) and internalizing (b = 11.70, p < .001) symptoms, impairments in cognitive (b = -11.586, p < .001), verbal (b = -10.687, p < .001), and motor development (b = -7.904, p = .006), and greater numbers of medical symptoms (b = 1.021, p < .001) compared to nonmaltreated children across all time-points. Lifetime maltreatment severity and/or age at earliest maltreatment exposure predicted adverse outcomes over time. CONCLUSION The profound, immediate, and stable impact of maltreatment on health and developmental trajectories supports a biological embedding model and provides foundation to scrutinize the precise underlying mechanisms. Such knowledge will enable the development of early risk markers and mechanism-driven interventions that mitigate adverse trajectories in maltreated children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle M Winter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Dittrich
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peggy Dörr
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Overfeld
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Imke Moebus
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Murray
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gergana Karaboycheva
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Zimmermann
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Knop
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Voelkle
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - John-Dylan Haynes
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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13
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Engelke L, Calvano C, Klingbeil K, Rolle M, Winter SM, Renneberg UB. Belastungen, positive Veränderungen und Ressourcen von Familien in der COVID-19-Pandemie. Kindheit und Entwicklung 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie stellten Familien vor Herausforderungen. Es fehlt an Studien, welche die umfassende Vielfalt der subjektiven Erfahrungen abbilden. Fragestellung: Ziel ist, Belastungen, positive Veränderungen und Ressourcen in Familien zu erfassen. Methode: 4 967 Eltern (87.6 % weiblich, 86.7 % mit Hochschulreife) minderjähriger Kinder (0 – 17 Jahre) nahmen an einer Online-Erhebung im August 2020 teil. Belastungen, positive Veränderungen und Ressourcen während der Pandemie wurden durch offene Fragen erfasst. Auf Basis der Freitextantworten wurde ein Kategoriensystem entwickelt und ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben (12 %), Sorgen um die Entwicklung der Pandemie (11 %) und eingeschränkte Betreuung und schulische Bildung (9 %) wurden am häufigsten als Belastungen genannt. Positive Veränderungen waren vermehrte Wertschätzung, Dankbarkeit und neue Einstellungen (16 %), engere Beziehungen innerhalb der Familie (13 %) und mehr Zeit mit Menschen (11 %). Wichtige Ressourcen für Familien waren das soziale Miteinander innerhalb der Familie (19 %) und positive Aktivitäten (13 %). Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Ansatzpunkte für familienzentrierte Präventionsmaßnahmen sind die Offenhaltung von Betreuungseinrichtungen, eine Flexibilisierung der Arbeitssituation, eine fortlaufende Aufklärung über notwendige Maßnahmen, Stärkung digitaler Unterstützungsangebote einschließlich der Verbesserung der Medienkompetenz, die Ermöglichung von Freizeitaktivitäten, sowie die Verbesserung psychosozialer Unterstützungsmaßnahmen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Engelke
- Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaften und Psychologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Claudia Calvano
- Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaften und Psychologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Deutschland
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Karoline Klingbeil
- Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaften und Psychologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Mira Rolle
- Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaften und Psychologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Sibylle M. Winter
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland
| | - und Babette Renneberg
- Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaften und Psychologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Deutschland
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14
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Akın A, Winter SM, Sarrar L. An Empirical Investigation of Psychodynamic Conflicts in Stable Couples. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2022; 50:689-705. [PMID: 36476028 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2022.50.4.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Previous investigations have shown that stressful and pathological developments in couple relationships can be psychodynamically explained by rigid unconscious couple collusions. This manuscript presents and discusses the findings of a pilot study in which the psychodynamic conflicts of stable and "functioning" couples were empirically explored. Methods: We studied 116 couples (N = 232) who were currently married or in a steady relationship, had at least one child together, and showed no signs of mental disorders. Psychodynamic conflicts were measured using the OPD Conflict Questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire was used to screen for mental disorders. Results: Significant differences in the mean scores of psychodynamic conflicts between mothers and fathers appeared in the individuation versus dependency conflict, the self-worth conflict, and the guilt conflict. The maternal and paternal self-worth conflicts were associated with their socio-economic status. Parent couples mainly showed positive associations in the same coping modes and correlations between different conflict topics. Discussion: Our results provide initial insights into the psychodynamic conflicts of mothers and fathers from a nonclinical population and indicate that healthy and stable couple relationships are characterized by concordant and health-promoting ways of dealing with inner conflicts. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand the influences of psychodynamic conflicts on the formation and maintenance of well-functioning and lasting relationships between couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Akın
- Doctoral student at the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and works at the Unit for Psychosomatic Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité-Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Professor and the Assistant Director of the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Lea Sarrar
- Professor at the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin
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15
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Calvano C, Engelke L, Di Bella J, Kindermann J, Renneberg B, Winter SM. Families in the COVID-19 pandemic: parental stress, parent mental health and the occurrence of adverse childhood experiences-results of a representative survey in Germany. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1-13. [PMID: 33646416 PMCID: PMC7917379 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging, with parents having to meet various demands simultaneously. An increase in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been widely predicted, but empirical evidence is still scarce. This study aimed to (1) generate representative data on pandemic-related stress, parental stress, general stress, parental subjective and mental health, and the occurrence of ACEs; (2) identify risk factors for an increase in ACEs, and (3) provide qualitative data on parents' experiences. A representative survey was conducted in Germany in August 2020 with 1024 parents of underage children (Mage = 41.70, 50.9% female). More than 50% of parents reported being stressed by social distancing and the closure of schools and childcare facilities. Parental stress increased significantly during the pandemic (d = 0.21). Subgroups of parents also reported very high levels of depressive symptoms (12.3%) and anxiety (9.7%). Up to one-third of the sample reported ACEs in the child's lifetime. In this group, 29.1% reported an increase in children witnessing domestic violence during the pandemic, and 42.2% an increase verbal emotional abuse. These families were characterized by higher parental stress, job losses, and younger parent and child age. Positive aspects of the pandemic related primarily to personal or family life (e.g. slower pace of life, increase in family time). While some parents coped well, a particularly negative pattern was observed in a subgroup of families that experienced an increase in ACEs. Parental stress emerged as important target point for interventions addressing the negative sequelae of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calvano
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lara Engelke
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Di Bella
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Kindermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Babette Renneberg
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle M. Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Calvano C, Engelke L, Di Bella J, Kindermann J, Renneberg B, Winter SM. Correction to: Families in the COVID‑19 pandemic: parental stress, parent mental health and the occurrence of adverse childhood experiences-results of a representative survey in Germany. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:2013-2016. [PMID: 34159498 PMCID: PMC8219179 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calvano
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lara Engelke
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Di Bella
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Kindermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Babette Renneberg
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle M. Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Martins J, Czamara D, Sauer S, Rex-Haffner M, Dittrich K, Dörr P, de Punder K, Overfeld J, Knop A, Dammering F, Entringer S, Winter SM, Buss C, Heim C, Binder EB. Childhood adversity correlates with stable changes in DNA methylation trajectories in children and converges with epigenetic signatures of prenatal stress. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100336. [PMID: 34095363 PMCID: PMC8163992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is an established major risk factor for a number of negative health outcomes later in life. While epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), have been proposed as a means of embedding this environmental risk factor, little is known about its timing and trajectory, especially in very young children. It is also not clear whether additional environmental adversities, often experienced by these children, converge on similar DNAm changes. Here, we calculated a cumulative adversity score, which additionally to CM includes socioeconomic status (SES), other life events, parental psychopathology and epigenetic biomarkers of prenatal smoking and alcohol consumption. We investigated the effects of CM alone as well as the adversity score on longitudinal DNAm trajectories in the Berlin Longitudinal Child Study. This is a cohort of 173 children aged 3-5 years at baseline of whom 86 were exposed to CM. These children were followed-up for 2 years with extensive psychometric and biological assessments as well as saliva collection at 5 time points providing genome-wide DNAm levels. Overall, only a few DNAm patterns were stable over this timeframe, but less than 10 DNAm regions showed significant changes. At baseline, neither CM nor the adversity score associated with DNAm changes. However, in 6 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), CM and the adversity score significantly moderated DNAm trajectories over time. A number of these DMRs have previously been associated with adverse prenatal exposures. In our study, children exposed to CM also presented with epigenetic signatures indicative of increased prenatal exposure to tobacco and alcohol, as compared to non-CM exposed children. These epigenetic signatures of prenatal exposure strongly correlate with DNAm regions associated with CM and the adversity score. Finally, weighted correlation network analysis revealed a module of CpGs exclusively associated with CM. While our study identifies DNAm loci specifically associated with CM, especially within long non-coding RNAs, the majority of associations were found with the adversity score with convergent association with indicators of adverse prenatal exposures. This study highlights the importance of mapping not only of the epigenome but also the exposome and extending the observational timeframe to well before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Martins
- Dept. of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Dept. of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Susann Sauer
- Dept. of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Rex-Haffner
- Dept. of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Dittrich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peggy Dörr
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin de Punder
- Natura Foundation, Research and Development, Numansdrop, 3281, NC, Netherlands
| | - Judith Overfeld
- Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Campus Charité Mitte, Luisenstraße 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Knop
- Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Campus Charité Mitte, Luisenstraße 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Dammering
- Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Campus Charité Mitte, Luisenstraße 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Campus Charité Mitte, Luisenstraße 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- University of California, Irvine, Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Sibylle M. Winter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Campus Charité Mitte, Luisenstraße 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- University of California, Irvine, Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité − Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Campus Charité Mitte, Luisenstraße 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Dept. of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health & Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- Dept. of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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18
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Sell M, Radicke A, Adema B, Daubmann A, Kilian R, Stiawa M, Busmann M, Winter SM, Lambert M, Wegscheider K, Plass-Christl A, Wiegand-Grefe S. Parents With Mental Illness: Parental Coping Behavior and Its Association With Children's Mental Health. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:737861. [PMID: 34733189 PMCID: PMC8558365 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of coping behavior for the individual's own mental health has been widely investigated. However, research on the association between coping of parents with a mental illness and their children's mental health is scarce. In the current study, we address the role of several parental coping strategies and their relation to child psychological symptoms. As part of the German randomized controlled multicenter study CHIMPS (children of mentally ill parents), parents with mental illness completed questionnaires on illness-related coping and child mental health symptoms. Children's diagnoses of a mental disorder were assessed with diagnostic interviews. The sample comprised n = 195 parents with mental illness and n = 290 children and adolescents aged 4-18 years. We conducted mixed models to investigate the associations of parental coping strategies with internalizing and externalizing symptoms as well as the diagnosis of a mental disorder in children controlling for sociodemographic factors and parental symptom severity. Parental coping characterized by religiosity and quest for meaning was significantly associated with fewer mental health symptoms and lower odds of a mental disorder in children, whereas a depressed processing style was related to increased internalizing problems in the children. Coping behavior in parents with mental illness is a relevant factor for the mental health of their children and should be considered in preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlit Sell
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alina Radicke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bonnie Adema
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Daubmann
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University at Bezirkskrankenhaus Guenzburg, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Maja Stiawa
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University at Bezirkskrankenhaus Guenzburg, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Busmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle M. Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lambert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Plass-Christl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Evangelical Hospital Hamburg Alsterdorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Wiegand-Grefe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Dammering F, Martins J, Dittrich K, Czamara D, Rex-Haffner M, Overfeld J, de Punder K, Buss C, Entringer S, Winter SM, Binder EB, Heim C. The pediatric buccal epigenetic clock identifies significant ageing acceleration in children with internalizing disorder and maltreatment exposure. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100394. [PMID: 34621920 PMCID: PMC8482287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies reporting accelerated ageing in children with affective disorders or maltreatment exposure have relied on algorithms for estimating epigenetic age derived from adult samples. These algorithms have limited validity for epigenetic age estimation during early development. We here use a pediatric buccal epigenetic (PedBE) clock to predict DNA methylation-based ageing deviation in children with and without internalizing disorder and assess the moderating effect of maltreatment exposure. We further conduct a gene set enrichment analysis to assess the contribution of glucocorticoid signaling to PedBE clock-based results. Method DNA was isolated from saliva of 158 children [73 girls, 85 boys; mean age (SD) = 4.25 (0.8) years] including children with internalizing disorder and maltreatment exposure. Epigenetic age was estimated based on DNA methylation across 94 CpGs of the PedBE clock. Residuals of epigenetic age regressed against chronological age were contrasted between children with and without internalizing disorder. Maltreatment was coded in 3 severity levels and entered in a moderation model. Genome-wide dexamethasone-responsive CpGs were derived from an independent sample and enrichment of these CpGs within the PedBE clock was identified. Results Children with internalizing disorder exhibited significant acceleration of epigenetic ageing as compared to children without internalizing disorder (F1,147 = 6.67, p = .011). This association was significantly moderated by maltreatment severity (b = 0.49, 95% CI [0.073, 0.909], t = 2.322, p = .022). Children with internalizing disorder who had experienced maltreatment exhibited ageing acceleration relative to children with no internalizing disorder (1–2 categories: b = 0.50, 95% CI [0.170, 0.821], t = 3.008, p = .003; 3 or more categories: b = 0.99, 95% CI [0.380, 1.593], t = 3.215, p = .002). Children with internalizing disorder who were not exposed to maltreatment did not show epigenetic ageing acceleration. There was significant enrichment of dexamethasone-responsive CpGs within the PedBE clock (OR = 4.36, p = 1.65*10–6). Among the 94 CpGs of the PedBE clock, 18 (19%) were responsive to dexamethasone. Conclusion Using the novel PedBE clock, we show that internalizing disorder is associated with accelerated epigenetic ageing in early childhood. This association is moderated by maltreatment severity and may, in part, be driven by glucocorticoids. Identifying developmental drivers of accelerated epigenetic ageing after maltreatment will be critical to devise early targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Dammering
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jade Martins
- Dept. of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Dittrich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Dept. of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Dept. of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Rex-Haffner
- Dept. of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Overfeld
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin de Punder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,University of California, Irvine, Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,University of California, Irvine, Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Dept. of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Dept. of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Dept. of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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20
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Sell M, Barkmann C, Adema B, Daubmann A, Kilian R, Stiawa M, Busmann M, Winter SM, Lambert M, Wegscheider K, Wiegand-Grefe S. Associations of Family Functioning and Social Support With Psychopathology in Children of Mentally Ill Parents: Multilevel Analyses From Different Rating Perspectives. Front Psychol 2021; 12:705400. [PMID: 34594270 PMCID: PMC8476746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.705400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring of mentally ill parents is at heightened risk for psychological symptoms. The identification of environmental factors that predict their mental health is crucial for the development of preventive and therapeutic measures. In the current study, we addressed the combined role of family functioning and social support by taking mentally ill patients’, their partners’, and children’s perspectives into account. The cross-sectional sample included n=195 families (195 patients, 127 partners, and 295 children). Family members completed questionnaires related to family functioning, social support as well as parental and child psychopathology. We conducted multilevel analyses to investigate the associations with internalizing and externalizing problems in children. Family functioning and social support were significantly associated with child internalizing and externalizing problems. However, results varied depending on the rating perspective. We found significant interaction effects of family functioning and social support on child psychopathology. The findings point to the importance of family functioning and social support as potential targets for interventions. Findings should be replicated in future longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlit Sell
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claus Barkmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bonnie Adema
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Daubmann
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maja Stiawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mareike Busmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lambert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Wiegand-Grefe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Dittrich K, Boedeker K, Kluczniok D, Hindi Attar C, Winter SM, Roepke S, Heim C, Herpertz SC, Bermpohl F. Elevated inflammatory markers in women with remitted major depressive disorder and the role of early life maltreatment. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:219-225. [PMID: 34339804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been linked to elevated inflammation markers. It remains unclear whether the elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels are not only observable in acute MDD but also in patients after remission. MDD is a common sequela of early life maltreatment (ELM), which has also been associated with elevated inflammation markers. While the majority of studies investigated (acute) MDD and ELM as isolated predictors of inflammation, a few studies found inflammation levels to be more pronounced in patients with MDD that were exposed to ELM. This investigation included both ELM and MDD in one study and aimed at distinguishing between the effects of MDD in remission (rMDD) and ELM and investigating potential accumulative effects on the inflammatory markers CRP and IL-6 in a population of N = 126 women (n = 122 for CRP and n = 66 for IL-6). We further investigated how disorder characteristics (course and severity) and specific types of ELM affect levels of CRP and IL-6. We found that rMDD predicted levels of CRP and IL-6 and physical abuse predicted levels of CRP when considering both predictors simultaneously, while other types of ELM did not. A later onset of MDD and a shorter time interval since the last episode were associated with higher levels of IL-6. Our findings contribute to the existing literature on the association between MDD and inflammation, suggesting that elevated levels of inflammation markers may persist even after remission of MDD. Our findings on physical abuse as a specific predictor of CRP in the presence of rMDD suggest that different types of ELM could result in distinct inflammation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Dittrich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katja Boedeker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Kluczniok
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Hindi Attar
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Roepke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany; Pennsylvania State University, College of Health and Human Development, Department of Biobehavioral Health, PA, USA
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, General Psychiatry, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Brecht A, Bos S, Ries L, Winter SM, Calvano C. Assessment of Psychological Distress and Peer Relations among Trans Adolescents-An Examination of the Use of Gender Norms and Parent-Child Congruence of the YSR-R/CBCL-R among a Treatment-Seeking Sample. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8100864. [PMID: 34682130 PMCID: PMC8535001 DOI: 10.3390/children8100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among trans adolescents, increased psychological distress is reported in the literature. The goal of this study was to examine psychological distress, associated peer relations and parent report congruence among the treatment-seeking sample of the Gender Identity Special Consultation (GISC) for youth at the Charité Berlin. Further, differences between the instruments' binary gender norms were investigated. Retrospectively, we analyzed clinical data derived from the GISC. By initial interviews and using the Youth Self-Report and Child Behavior Checklist, n = 50 trans adolescents aged 12-18 years (M = 15.5) were examined for psychological problems and peer relations. Congruence between self and parent report was analyzed by correlations. Half of the sample reported suicidality, self-harm and bullying. Trans adolescents showed significantly higher internalizing and total problems than the German norm population. The congruence between self and parent report proved to be moderate to high. The level of congruence and poor peer relations were identified as predictors of internalizing problems. Significant differences between the female vs. male gender norms emerged regarding mean scores and the number of clinically significant cases. Data provide valuable implications for intervention on a peer and family level. There are limitations to the suitability of questionnaires that use binary gender norms, and further research on adequate instruments and assessment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Brecht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Insitute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (L.R.); (S.M.W.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-566-653
| | - Sascha Bos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Insitute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (L.R.); (S.M.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Laura Ries
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Insitute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (L.R.); (S.M.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Sibylle M. Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Insitute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (L.R.); (S.M.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudia Calvano
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Insitute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (L.R.); (S.M.W.); (C.C.)
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Czamara D, Tissink E, Tuhkanen J, Martins J, Awaloff Y, Drake AJ, Khulan B, Palotie A, Winter SM, Nemeroff CB, Craighead WE, Dunlop BW, Mayberg HS, Kinkead B, Mathew SJ, Iosifescu DV, Neylan TC, Heim CM, Lahti J, Eriksson JG, Räikkönen K, Ressler KJ, Provençal N, Binder EB. Combined effects of genotype and childhood adversity shape variability of DNA methylation across age. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:88. [PMID: 33526782 PMCID: PMC7851167 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasting effects of adversity, such as exposure to childhood adversity (CA) on disease risk, may be embedded via epigenetic mechanisms but findings from human studies investigating the main effects of such exposure on epigenetic measures, including DNA methylation (DNAm), are inconsistent. Studies in perinatal tissues indicate that variability of DNAm at birth is best explained by the joint effects of genotype and prenatal environment. Here, we extend these analyses to postnatal stressors. We investigated the contribution of CA, cis genotype (G), and their additive (G + CA) and interactive (G × CA) effects to DNAm variability in blood or saliva from five independent cohorts with a total sample size of 1074 ranging in age from childhood to late adulthood. Of these, 541 were exposed to CA, which was assessed retrospectively using self-reports or verified through social services and registries. For the majority of sites (over 50%) in the adult cohorts, variability in DNAm was best explained by G + CA or G × CA but almost never by CA alone. Across ages and tissues, 1672 DNAm sites showed consistency of the best model in all five cohorts, with G × CA interactions explaining most variance. The consistent G × CA sites mapped to genes enriched in brain-specific transcripts and Gene Ontology terms related to development and synaptic function. Interaction of CA with genotypes showed the strongest contribution to DNAm variability, with stable effects across cohorts in functionally relevant genes. This underscores the importance of including genotype in studies investigating the impact of environmental factors on epigenetic marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Elleke Tissink
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Tuhkanen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jade Martins
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Amanda J. Drake
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Batbayar Khulan
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Aarno Palotie
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sibylle M. Winter
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles B. Nemeroff
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - W. Edward Craighead
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Boadie W. Dunlop
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Helen S. Mayberg
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy PI, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Becky Kinkead
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Sanjay J. Mathew
- grid.413890.70000 0004 0420 5521Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dan V. Iosifescu
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy PI, New York, NY 10029 USA ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753NYU School of Medicine and Nathan Kline Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Thomas C. Neylan
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Christine M. Heim
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Luisenstraße 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland ,grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250 Helsinki, Finland ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.452264.30000 0004 0530 269XSingapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Mailman Research Center, 115 Mill St., Mailstop 339, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Nadine Provençal
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC Canada ,grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
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Radicke A, Sell M, Adema B, Daubmann A, Kilian R, Busmann M, Winter SM, Lambert M, Wegscheider K, Wiegand-Grefe S. Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Health-Related Quality of Life of Parents With Mental Illness. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:779391. [PMID: 34925103 PMCID: PMC8672802 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.779391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can be reduced in parents with mental illness (mental illness) who face the dual demands of disabling symptoms and their impact on family, social, and occupational life. This study aimed at analyzing the influence of various factors on HRQoL in parents with mental illness. Method: Baseline data of the German randomized controlled multicenter project CHIMPS (children of parents with mental illness) was used for analyses. The final sample consisted of n = 208 parents with mental illness and n = 197 children and adolescents aged 8-18 years. HRQoL was assessed with the EQ-5D. Results: Parents with mental illness reported significantly lower global and specific HRQoL than the German reference population. They were least satisfied with aspects that relate to anxiety and depression followed by usual activities, pain and discomfort. Better global HRQoL was primarily associated with self-reported physical and mental health, as well as adaptive coping behavior. Associations with mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain and discomfort, anxiety and depression were analyzed and discussed. Conclusions: HRQoL in parents with mental illness is reduced. Clinical interventions should focus on the alleviation of mental health symptoms and probably somatic symptoms and promote adaptive coping skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Radicke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlit Sell
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bonnie Adema
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Daubmann
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University at Bezirkskrankenhaus Guenzburg, Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Busmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle M Winter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité Medical University of Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lambert
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Wiegand-Grefe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Bachus S, Kaib DAS, Tokiwa Y, Jesche A, Tsurkan V, Loidl A, Winter SM, Tsirlin AA, Valentí R, Gegenwart P. Thermodynamic Perspective on Field-Induced Behavior of α-RuCl_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:097203. [PMID: 32915615 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.097203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the magnetic Grüneisen parameter (Γ_{B}) and specific heat on the Kitaev material candidate α-RuCl_{3} are used to access in-plane field and temperature dependence of the entropy up to 12 T and down to 1 K. No signatures corresponding to phase transitions are detected beyond the boundary of the magnetically ordered region, but only a shoulderlike anomaly in Γ_{B}, involving an entropy increment as small as 10^{-5}Rlog2. These observations put into question the presence of a phase transition between the purported quantum spin liquid and the field-polarized state of α-RuCl_{3}. We show theoretically that at low temperatures Γ_{B} is sensitive to crossings in the lowest excitations within gapped phases, and identify the measured shoulderlike anomaly as being of such origin. Exact diagonalization calculations demonstrate that the shoulderlike anomaly can be reproduced in extended Kitaev models that gain proximity to an additional phase at finite field without entering it. We discuss manifestations of this proximity in other measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bachus
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - D A S Kaib
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Y Tokiwa
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Jesche
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - V Tsurkan
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Chisinau MD-2028, Republic of Moldova
| | - A Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - S M Winter
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A A Tsirlin
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - R Valentí
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - P Gegenwart
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
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Posteraro AF, Mauriello M, Winter SM. Riboflavin treatment of antiretroviral induced lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis. Conn Med 2001; 65:387-90. [PMID: 11508132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral induced lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis is a rare syndrome caused by inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase gamma by the Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) class of antiretrovirals. There have been recent reports of NRTI-induced lactic acidosis treated with high-dose riboflavin. INTERVENTION AND RESULTS We report a case of NRTI lactic acidosis reversed with high-dose riboflavin. Treatment with 50 mg of riboflavin per day was initiated on hospital day 10 after the patient developed respiratory failure. Arterial lactate decreased from 11.9 mmol/dL to 2.1 mmol/dL. Despite lactic acidosis reversal the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and expired. Autopsy confirmed extensive hepatic steatosis with no infectious agents identified. CONCLUSION Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor lactic acidosis will likely become more prevalent with the trend toward aggressive antiretroviral treatment. This report provides additional support for the efficacy of riboflavin treatment to reverse this serious complication of antiretroviral therapy. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for lactic acidosis in a patient on NRTIs and the medications should be stopped at the earliest sign of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Posteraro
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lombardo
- Central Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
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Abstract
Nutrition and hydration have long been considered to be life-sustaining therapies that are associated with comfort and relief of suffering. This belief is largely based on our own experiences with the sensations of thirst and hunger, which have led physicians to question whether withdrawing or withholding nutritional support from a dying patient can be morally or ethically justified. When considered in light of the available evidence, the underlying premise of this question must be reevaluated. The evidence suggests an alternative formulation, namely, that unrequested nutritional support provided by either the enteral or parenteral route to a terminally ill patient may be both medically and ethically indefensible because it may increase suffering without improving outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Winter
- Norwalk Hospital, Norwalk, Connecticut, USA
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29
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Winter SM, Claus A, Oberwittler C, Völkel H, Wenzler S, Ludolph AC. Recessively inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a Germany family with the D90A CuZn-SOD mutation. J Neurol 2000; 247:783-6. [PMID: 11127534 DOI: 10.1007/s004150070093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the SOD1 gene encoding the free radical scavenging enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) occur in patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent reports have shown homozygosity for a CuZn-SOD mutation in exon 4, the D90A (Asp90A1a) mutation. Other mutations described to date show an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. This is the first description of autosomal recessively inherited ALS in an out-bred population in central Europe. This study confirms the earlier described characteristic phenotype reported in D90A homozygous ALS patients in Scandinavia and supports the theory of the existence of a strong modifying factor in some cases of ALS associated with mutations in the CuZn-SOD gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Winter
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Germany
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30
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Winter SM. Airlift to Baghdad. Conn Med 2000; 64:42-4. [PMID: 10697364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Winter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Norwalk Hospital
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31
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Andreassen S, Rees SE, Kjaergaard S, Thorgaard P, Winter SM, Morgan CJ, Alstrup P, Toft E. Hypoxemia after coronary bypass surgery modeled by resistance to oxygen diffusion. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:2445-53. [PMID: 10579263 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199911000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a model describing postoperative hypoxemia after cardiac surgery by using two variables, i.e., shunt and resistance to oxygen diffusion (Rdff). DESIGN Estimation of these two variables in normal subjects and postoperative cardiac patients. SETTING The pulmonary function laboratory for the normal subjects and the intensive care unit for the cardiac patients. PATIENTS/SUBJECTS Nine postoperative cardiac patients and six healthy subjects. INTERVENTIONS Inspired oxygen fraction was varied in normal subjects and in cardiac patients 3-6 hrs after surgery. This variation occurred in four to seven steps to achieve arterial oxygen saturations in the range 0.90-1.00. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Measurements were taken of arterial oxygen saturation, cardiac output, ventilation, and end-tidal gases at each inspired oxygen fraction. These measurements gave the following estimates for the normal subjects: shunt = 3.9+/-5.4% (mean +/- SD) and Rdiff = -5+/-16 torr/(L/min) [-0.7+/-2.2 kPa/(L/min)]; for the cardiac patients: shunt = 7.7+/-1.8% and Rdiff = 212+/-230 torr/(L/min) [28.2+/-30.6 kPa/(L/min)]. The increase in Rdiff (P = .01) was sufficient to explain the observed hypoxemia in these patients. The value for shunt was not significantly increased in the patients (p = .09). The two-variable model (shunt and Rdff) gave a better prediction of arterial oxygen saturation than a model with shunt as the only variable (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS In cardiac patients requiring supplementary oxygen, the respiratory abnormality could, in our model, be best described by an increased Rdiff, not by an increased shunt value.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Andreassen
- Department of Medical Informatics and Image Analysis, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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32
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Vaszar LT, Culpepper-Morgan JA, Winter SM. Refeeding syndrome induced by cautious enteral alimentation of a moderately malnourished patient. Gastroenterologist 1998; 6:79-81. [PMID: 9531119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L T Vaszar
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Norwalk Hospital/Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06856, USA
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33
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Chen YL, Mansbach RS, Winter SM, Brooks E, Collins J, Corman ML, Dunaiskis AR, Faraci WS, Gallaschun RJ, Schmidt A, Schulz DW. Synthesis and oral efficacy of a 4-(butylethylamino)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine: a centrally active corticotropin-releasing factor1 receptor antagonist. J Med Chem 1997; 40:1749-54. [PMID: 9171885 DOI: 10.1021/jm960861b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of a centrally active nonpeptide CRF1 receptor antagonist 2, butylethyl[2,5-dimethyl-7-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-7H-pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amine (CP-154,526), and its analogs 11-14 and [3H]-2 are reported. The in vitro CRF1 receptor binding affinity in the series 2, the pharmacokinetic properties of 2 in rats, and the anxiolytic-like effects of orally administered 2 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
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Abstract
Since traditional pulmonary function testing is centered on measurements of air flow and lung volume, a method to assess the pulmonary circulation might improve our ability to evaluate diseases that impact upon pulmonary hemodynamics. We have developed a PC based application that rapidly calculates pulmonary blood flow. Subjects rebreath a mixture of 10% argon and 3.5% freon for 20 seconds. Gas concentrations at the mouth are monitored by a clinical mass spectrometer and signals are acquired and processed with off-the-shelf hardware. To test the accuracy and reproducibility of this technique, patients with pulmonary artery catheters were assessed by standard thermodilution methods and the rebreathing test. Measurements using this non-invasive technology closely corelate with invasive thermodilution methods (r = 0.980) and show equivalent reproducibility (average standard error = 2.5%). This application of signal processing technology can extend the role of pulmonary function testing to include routine evaluation of the pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Winter
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, CT, USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Durkin
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, CT 06856
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36
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Zheng W, Winter SM, Kattnig MJ, Carter DE, Sipes IG. Tissue distribution and elimination of indium in male Fischer 344 rats following oral and intratracheal administration of indium phosphide. J Toxicol Environ Health 1994; 43:483-94. [PMID: 7990172 DOI: 10.1080/15287399409531936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of indium phosphide (InP) in the semiconductor industry has raised concerns about potential occupational exposure. The tissue distribution and elimination of indium were investigated in adult male Fischer 344 rats following either a single or 14 consecutive daily oral doses, or following an intratracheal instillation of InP (10 mg/kg). The concentrations of indium ions in blood, urine, feces, and tissues were quantified either using direct acid digestion followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ET-AAS) or using an extraction method with methyltricapryl ammonium ions to remove indium from the matrix followed by ET-AAS. Indium was poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in both single and multiple oral dose studies. Upon its absorption, indium was relatively evenly distributed among the major organs such as liver, kidney, lung, spleen, and testes. By 96 h after oral dose treatment, less than 0.11% of the dose of indium was recovered from tissues in the single- or multiple-dose experiment. At 96 h, retention of indium in the body was about 0.36% of the dose (except for lung) following intratracheal instillation of InP. Following oral dose administration, the majority of indium was recovered from the gastrointestinal tract and its contents. The high recovery of indium (73% of the dose) in the feces after intratracheal instillation presumably reflects mucociliary clearance and/or biliary excretion of indium. Urinary indium accounted only for 0.08-0.23% of the dose during a 240-h collection period in both single- and multiple-dose studies. It seems that fecal excretion serves as the major route for indium elimination, and this results from poor absorption. Because of the poor absorption of indium following multiple oral doses or intratracheal instillation of InP, it seems unlikely that indium will accumulate in the body following InP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson
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37
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Durkin RJ, Evans TW, Winter SM. Noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance by stroke index measurement with an inert gas rebreathing technique. Chest 1994; 106:59-66. [PMID: 8020321 DOI: 10.1378/chest.106.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have a cardiac limitation characterized by a decreased resting stroke index (SI) and an inability to augment stroke volume with exercise. We tested the hypothesis that a noninvasive estimation of SI, either at rest or with exercise, could be used to identify the presence and severity of PH. We used the inert gas rebreathing technique for measuring cardiac output and SI in nine subjects with PH and seven control subjects without pulmonary vascular disease. Noninvasive measurement of SI was compared with invasive measurement of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), and SI. Inert gas estimation of cardiac output correlated well with invasive measurements (r = 0.94). All PH subjects had a depressed resting SI while all control subjects had a normal resting SI. An inverse correlation between the SI measured by inert gas technique and mean PAP was seen with both rest (r = 0.86) and exercise (r = 0.79). Because the resting SI differentiated subjects with PH from controls and correlated with disease severity, exercise measurements were not required. Multiple serial measurements performed in two PH subjects while receiving prostacyclin infusion produced a high level of correlation between the inert gas SI and mean pulmonary artery pressure. We conclude that inert gas measurement of SI may serve a useful role in the diagnosis and management of patients with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Durkin
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, CT 06856
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38
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Zheng W, Winter SM, Mayersohn M, Bishop JB, Sipes IG. Toxicokinetics of sulfasalazine (salicylazosulfapyridine) and its metabolites in B6C3F1 mice. Drug Metab Dispos 1993; 21:1091-7. [PMID: 7905389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicokinetics of salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP) and its metabolites were investigated in male and female B6C3F1 mice either following single intravenous (5 mg/kg) or oral (67.5, 675, 1350, and 2700 mg/kg) doses, or following three consecutive daily oral doses (675, 1350, and 2700 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations of SASP and its metabolites were quantified by HPLC. Upon intravenous administration, SASP rapidly disappeared from blood with a mean residence time of 0.45-0.78 hr. The only metabolite of SASP found in plasma after an intravenous dose was sulfapyridine (SP). In both sexes, the absolute oral bioavailability of SASP ranged between 16.6-18.2% at a dose of 67.5 mg/kg, and between 2.6-8.7% at doses of 675-2700 mg/kg. Following oral administration of SASP, both SP and AcSP were identified in plasma. The area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) of SP at all four oral doses were approximately 21- to 32-fold or 5- to 25-fold greater than those of SASP in male or female mice, respectively. The acetylated form of SP and AcSP, produced AUC values higher than SASP but much less than SP. Multiple oral doses with SASP did not alter the temporal patterns of SASP absorption and elimination in comparison to a single dose. However, SP accumulated in both sexes following multiple oral doses. A gender-dependent difference in toxicokinetic profiles for SASP and SP was also observed. Female mice displayed a higher Cmax of SASP and SP than did male mice. Although the volume of distribution of SASP was similar in both sexes, the systemic clearance of SASP in males was about twice that observed in females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson 86721
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39
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Abstract
The disposition of [1-14C] acrylic acid (AA) was characterized in the male Sprague-Dawley rat following oral administration, by gavage in water, at 400 mg/kg and topical application, in acetone, at 501 micrograms/cm2. The oral dose was well absorbed, rapidly and extensively metabolized, and excreted primarily (approx. 80%) as 14CO2 within 24 hr of administration. The rate and extent of 14CO2 evolution from [14C]AA was greater for [1-14CAA] while a significantly lower proportion of the dosed radioactivity remained in the tissue of animals than that reported for [2,3-14C]AA (Winter et al., Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1992, 20, 665). This is consistent with incorporation of AA into a minor beta-oxidation pathway of mitochondrial propionate metabolism by which AA may be metabolized to CO2 or incorporated into cellular constituents. Approximately 5% of the dosed radioactivity was excreted in the urine. The disposition of [1-14C]AA following dermal application was studied using charcoal-containing traps attached to the back of the rats to trap volatilized AA from the dosing sites. Following application of 100 microliters AA [4% (v/v) in acetone] to an area of 8.4 cm2 of the skin of a rat (501 micrograms/cm2), the majority (about 73%) of the dose volatilized and was recovered in the charcoal trap. Percutaneous absorption of AA that did not volatilize was rapid and appeared to have the same metabolic fate as AA administered orally with about 75% of the absorbed dose excreted as 14CO2 within 24 hr.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Winter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson
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Winter SM, Knölker U. [Professional concept of physicians in child and adolescent psychiatry in former East Germany (1990)]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 1993; 42:208-15. [PMID: 8378267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
For this study the authors prepared a questionnaire for 662 child and youth psychiatrists with a return quota of 45%. Careerwise most medical doctors--working as psychiatrists and psychotherapists with an equal distribution in hospitals and offices--acquired further special training and education, particularly in Pediatrics, Psychotherapy and Autogenous Training. Work performance meets general agreement: a noticeable lack of corresponding doctors offices, mainly due to the economic situation. Unequivocal agreement exists concerning the necessity of diagnosis, the necessity of out-patient and in-patient therapy, as well the necessity of interdisciplinary cooperation. The views, however, on the quality of cooperation and the hierarchy within the team show differences. Views on self-concept almost equally determined an identification as doctor and as psychotherapist. The main professional motivations were enjoyment, success and ability. The professional concept was unvocally agreed upon. The survey revealed a poor reputation of child and adolescent psychiatrists. Professional basics include preserving the complexity in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry including medical assignments onesidedness rejected. Conflicts arise concerning the "professional self concept", resulting from the thin line between the required separation of child and adolescent psychiatry and associated professions and the required cooperation with associated professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Winter
- Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck
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Winter SM, Weber GL, Gooley PR, MacKenzie NE, Sipes IG. Identification and comparison of the urinary metabolites of [1,2,3-13C3]acrylic acid and [1,2,3-13C3]propionic acid in the rat by homonuclear 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Drug Metab Dispos 1992; 20:665-72. [PMID: 1358570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylic acid (AA) and its esters are used extensively for the production of a variety of polymers. Despite their ubiquitous nature, little has been reported on the metabolism of the parent acid. The metabolites of AA may be volatile, unstable, polar, and thus difficult to isolate. Therefore, 13C NMR was used to help identify and compare directly the urinary metabolites of both 99% 13C-enriched AA and propionic acid (PA). Male Sprague-Dawley rats received [1,2,3-13C]AA (400 mg/kg in water p.o.) or an equimolar dose of [1,2,3-13C]propionate together with a radioactive tracer, [2,3-14C]AA, or [1-14C]propionate, respectively, and excreta were collected for 72 hr. For both acids, expiration of 14CO2 was the major route of elimination of radiolabel (approximately 80%). Approximately 6% of the dose was excreted in the urine. Urine was analyzed directly using proton-decoupled 13C and two-dimensional 13C homonuclear correlated NMR spectroscopy. The urine from AA-treated rats revealed major signals, the intensity of which was time-dependent, from at least five 13C-enriched metabolites of AA. Signals have been assigned to 3-hydroxypropionic acid, N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)cysteine, and N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)cysteine-S-oxide by comparison with spectra of authentic standards. No unchanged AA was detected. In contrast, the spectra of urine from a propionate-treated rat revealed only a few minor 13C-enriched signals that were assigned to methylmalonic acid. No unchanged PA was detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Winter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
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Abstract
6-n-Alkylchromone-2-carboxylic acids are metabolized solely by aliphatic oxidation. In the rabbit, the 6-n-propyl congener (PCCA) undergoes omega-1 hydroxylation exclusively. Following administration of PCCA to female Dutch rabbits (500 mumol/kg), some 77% of the dose was excreted in the urine, 41% as PCCA and 36% as 6-(2'-hydroxy-n-propyl)chromone-2-carboxylic acid. Since this metabolite is chiral, we have examined the stereochemistry of the excreted material. Diastereoisomeric (as camphanate and alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoro-methyl)phenylacetate esters) and direct chiral HPLC and chiral lanthanide shift NMR have each shown the S:R ratio of the excreted metabolite to be 76:24. When rabbits were dosed with the racemic metabolite, excretion of the compound was not stereoselective. The regio- and stereo-selectivity of the aliphatic hydroxylation of PCCA are thus reflections of the selectivities of the enzyme systems responsible for its formation and suggest PCCA to be an appropriate probe compound for the study of prochiral-chiral hydroxylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Winter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Heart-lung transplant recipients represent a unique population who experience episodic lung injury caused by infection or rejection. We hypothesized that the proteins in the respiratory lining fluids of these patients might reflect and provide insights into the in vivo immunologic and inflammatory events that occur in the transplanted lung. Structural, inflammatory, and immune proteins were quantitated in 57 samples of BAL fluid recovered from 17 heart-lung recipients when infections, rejection, or neither was present. Protein levels were compared with those of normal subjects and between the clinical transplant groups. When neither infection nor rejection was present, levels of albumin, fibronectin, and immunoglobulins G, M, and A were all higher in the transplanted lungs as compared with the normal lungs. These findings suggest that a new steady state of these proteins is established in the transplanted lungs. When infection or rejection was present, there was a further significant increase in albumin, fibronectin, IgG, and especially C5a in the transplanted lungs. These findings suggest that at least some elements of host defense remain intact in the posttransplantation period despite the use of immunosuppressive drugs and a HLA-incompatible microenvironment. The profiles of recovered alveolar proteins did not, however, help to differentiate infection from rejection. This is disappointing because distinguishing between infection and rejection without examination of lung tissue remains an unresolved and important clinical problem. Nevertheless these data provide new insights into organ tolerance and defense of the newly transplanted lung from infection or rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Winter
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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Caldwell J, Winter SM, Hutt AJ. The pharmacological and toxicological significance of the stereochemistry of drug disposition. Xenobiotica 1988; 18 Suppl 1:59-70. [PMID: 3344590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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Winter SM, Bernard EM, Gold JW, Armstrong D. Humoral response to disseminated infection by Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and hairy cell leukemia. J Infect Dis 1985; 151:523-7. [PMID: 3919112 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/151.3.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody to Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare antigen was measured by immunodiffusion, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and indirect immunofluorescence in sera from 30 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 10 patients with hairy cell leukemia, and 33 hospitalized and healthy controls. Ten patients with AIDS and three patients with hairy cell leukemia in the study population had disseminated M. avium-M. intracellulare infection. Patients with AIDS and disseminated infection had antimycobacterial antibody levels, demonstrated by ELISA, that did not differ significantly from those in uninfected patients with AIDS or controls. Infected patients with hairy cell leukemia had significantly higher levels of antimycobacterial antibody, demonstrated by ELISA, than did uninfected patients with hairy cell leukemia or controls (P less than .001). One patient with hairy cell leukemia, studied serially, showed a greater than 100-fold rise in antibody titer with the onset of infection. These results further demonstrate that AIDS involves a functional defect in humoral immunity, in addition to impairment of cellular immune function.
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Keyes JW, Brady TJ, Leonard PF, Svetkoff DB, Winter SM, Rogers WL, Rose EA. Calculation of viable and infarcted myocardial mass from thallium-201 tomograms. J Nucl Med 1981; 22:339-43. [PMID: 6970796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of determining the mass of both viable and infarcted myocardium from tomographic images of thallium-201 distribution in the heart was studied in two normal dogs and ten dogs with acute infarction. Twenty-four hours after occlusion, thallium-201 was injected and 10 min later the hearts were removed and transaxial emission computed tomograms were obtained. Using the computer, an operator defined the epi- and endocardial surfaces of the left ventricle and the area of infarction in each tomogram. The computer then calculated values for total left-ventricular mass (TLVM) infarcted mass (IM) and the percentage of the left ventricle infarcted (% LVI). The calculated values were compared with measured weights, and good correlation was found between them: for TLVM, r = 0.87; for IM, r = 0.90; and for %LVI, r = 0.87. Good interobserver and intra-observer correlations were also found. Thallium-201 emission computed tomography offers a potential means to measure both myocardial mass and acute myocardial injury.
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