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Chen S, Jin Y, Yang N, Wei L, Xu D, Xu X. Improving microbial production of value-added products through the intervention of magnetic fields. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130087. [PMID: 38042431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic field application is emerging as an auxiliary physical strategy to facilitate rapid biomass accumulation and intracellular production of compounds. However, the underlying mechanisms and principles governing the application of magnetic fields for microbial growth and biotransformation are not yet fully understood. Therefore, a better understanding of interdisciplinary technologies integration, expanded magnetic field application, and scaled-up industrial implementation is crucial. In this review, the magnetic field characteristics, magnetic field-assisted fermentation devices, and the working mechanism of magnetic field have been reviewed comprehensively from both physical and microbiological perspectives. The review suggests that magnetic fields affect the biochemical processes in microorganisms by mediating nutrient transport across membranes, electron transfer during photosynthesis and respiration, enzyme activity and gene expression. Moreover, the recent advances in magnetic field application for microbial fermentation and conversion in biochemical, food and agricultural fields have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yamei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Liwen Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xueming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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Mahato S, Sun DW, Zhu Z. Ca 2+ATPase enzyme activities and lipid and protein oxidations of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) stored at 4 °C for 30 min under electromagnetic fields. Food Chem 2023; 399:133914. [PMID: 36029673 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This work studied the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) with frequencies between 100 and 400 Hz and a fixed strength of 12 mT on cold storage of grass carp at 4 °C for 30 min, and Ca2+ATPase enzyme activities, and lipid and protein oxidations in samples were measured to assess changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and oxidative stability. Results showed higher Ca2+ATPase activities in samples treated with EMF frequencies. Significant (p < 0.05) decreases occurred in protein oxidation for samples treated between 100 and 300 Hz, but an increase was observed for treatment with 400 Hz. However, the lipid oxidation increased for samples treated up to 200 Hz and decreased with further increase in frequency to 300 and 400 Hz. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that exposure to different frequencies of EMF could reduce the association of water molecules with protein for both bound and immobilized water. Overall, treatments of EMF between 100 and 400 Hz could improve grass carp quality during cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mahato
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Transcranial Electromagnetic Treatment Stops Alzheimer’s Disease Cognitive Decline over a 2½-Year Period: A Pilot Study. MEDICINES 2022; 9:medicines9080042. [PMID: 36005647 PMCID: PMC9416517 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9080042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is currently no therapeutic that can stop or reverse the progressive memory impairment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, we recently published that 2 months of daily, in-home transcranial electromagnetic treatment (TEMT) reversed the cognitive impairment in eight mild/moderate AD subjects. These cognitive enhancements were accompanied by predicted changes in AD markers within both the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods: In view of these encouraging findings, the initial clinical study was extended twice to encompass a period of 2½ years. The present study reports on the resulting long-term safety, cognitive assessments, and AD marker evaluations from the five subjects who received long-term treatment. Results: TEMT administration was completely safe over the 2½-year period, with no deleterious side effects. In six cognitive/functional tasks (including the ADAS-cog13, Rey AVLT, MMSE, and ADL), no decline in any measure occurred over this 2½-year period. Long-term TEMT induced reductions in the CSF levels of C-reactive protein, p-tau217, Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-42 while modulating CSF oligomeric Aβ levels. In the plasma, long-term TEMT modulated/rebalanced levels of both p-tau217 and total tau. Conclusions: Although only a limited number of AD patients were involved in this study, the results suggest that TEMT can stop the cognitive decline of AD over a period of at least 2½ years and can do so with no safety issues.
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Kuck KH, Ujeyl A, Vogler J, Tilz RR. [Cardiac contractility modulation]. Herz 2021; 46:533-540. [PMID: 34797397 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-021-05071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) will be one of the biggest medical challenges in the coming years, with increasing prevalence in an aging society. It is associated with a poor prognosis and impaired quality of life-despite steadily improving medical therapy which has resulted in a steady decrease in mortality and an increase in quality of life. In medically refractory patients with impaired left ventricular (LV) function, left bundle branch block and wide QRS complex (≥130 ms) cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in addition to medical therapy has become the gold standard. Additionally, other therapeutic modalities such as vagal stimulation are being clinically tested but as yet have no general therapeutic recommendation. Overall, CRT patients represent only one-third of all HF patients and about 25% are "non-responders" who do not benefit from CRT.In HF patients with an LVEF between 25 and 45% and a QRS duration <130 ms who are not suitable for CRT, cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is currently a therapeutic option that has been shown in several randomized trials to be efficacious and safe. It reduces the frequency of HF hospitalizations and improves HF symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life. The goal of this article is to present mechanisms of action, major clinical studies, current indications, and recent developments of CCM for the treatment of patients with chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Kuck
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Deutschland. .,LANS Cardio, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | | | - Julia Vogler
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Roland Richard Tilz
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Deutschland
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Coskun C, Ocal I, Gunay I. A Low-Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Field Reduces Neuropathic Pain by Regulating NaV 1.8 and NaV 1.9 Sodium Channels at the Transcriptional Level in Diabetic Rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 42:357-370. [PMID: 33998011 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-frequency pulsed magnetic field (LF-PMF) application is a non-invasive, easy, and inexpensive treatment method in pain management. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of LF-PMF on pain is not fully understood. Considering the obvious dysregulations of gene expression observed in certain types of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in pain conditions, the present study tested the hypothesis that LF-PMF shows its pain-relieving effect by regulating genes that code VGSCs proteins. Five experimental rat groups (Control, Streptozotocin-induced experimental painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), PDN Sham, PDN 10 Hz PMF, and PDN 30 Hz PMF) were established. After the pain formation in PDN groups, the magnetic field groups were exposed to 10/30 Hz, 1.5 mT PMF for 4 weeks, an hour daily. Progression of pain was evaluated using behavioral pain tests during the entire experimental processes. After the end of PMF treatment, SCN9A (NaV1.7 ), SCN10A (NaV1.8 ), SCN11A (NaV1.9 ), and SCN3A (NaV1.3 ) gene expression level changes were determined by analyzing real-time polymerase chain reaction results. We found that 10 Hz PMF application was more effective than 30 Hz on pain management. In addition, NaV1.7 and NaV1.3 transcriptions were upregulated while NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 were downregulated in painful conditions. Notably, the downregulated expression of the genes encoding NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 were re-regulated and increased to control level by 10 Hz PMF application. Consequently, it may be deduced that 10 Hz PMF application reduces pain by modulating certain VGSCs at the transcriptional level. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagil Coskun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Isil Ocal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ismail Gunay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Darvishi M, Mashati P, Kandala S, Paridar M, Takhviji V, Ebrahimi H, Zibara K, Khosravi A. Electromagnetic radiation: a new charming actor in hematopoiesis? Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:47-58. [PMID: 32951483 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1826301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electromagnetic waves play indispensable roles in life. Many studies addressed the outcomes of Electromagnetic field (EMF) on various biological functions such as cell proliferation, gene expression, epigenetic alterations, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects, and its therapeutic applications in medicine. The impact of EMF on bone marrow (BM) is of high importance; however, EMF effects on BM hematopoiesis are not well understood. AREAS COVERED Publications in English were searched in ISI Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar with no restriction on publication date. A literature review has been conducted on the consequences of EMF exposure on BM non-hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and the application of these waves in regenerative medicine. Human blood cells such as lymphocytes, red blood cells and their precursors are altered qualitatively and quantitatively following electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, studying the impact of EMF on related signaling pathways in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation could give a better insight into its efficacy on hematopoiesis and its potential therapeutic usage. EXPERT OPINION In this review, authors evaluated the possible biologic consequences of EMF on the hematopoiesis process in addition to its probable application in the treatment of hematologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Darvishi
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Pargol Mashati
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahithi Kandala
- University of Colorado, Boulder Department: Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering , Colarada, USA
| | - Mostafa Paridar
- Deputy of Management and Resources Development, Ministry of Health and Medical Education , Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Takhviji
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- School of Nursing, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE & Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abbas Khosravi
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran, Iran
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Gibot L, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Bellard E, Chretiennot T, Saurin Q, Catrain A, Golzio M, Vézinet R, Rols MP. Evaluations of Acute and Sub-Acute Biological Effects of Narrowband and Moderate-Band High Power Electromagnetic Waves on Cellular Spheroids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15324. [PMID: 31653929 PMCID: PMC6814744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High power electromagnetic signals can disrupt the functioning of electronic devices. As electromagnetism plays a role in cells homeostasis, such electromagnetic signals could potentially also alter some physiological processes. Herein we report on distinct biological parameters assessment after cellular spheroids exposure to high power electromagnetic signals, such as the ones used for defense applications. Signals effects were assessed in tumor cells spheroids and in normal human dermal fibroblasts spheroids, where macroscopic aspect, growth, plasma membrane integrity, induction of apoptosis, ATP content, and mitochondrial potential were investigated after spheroids exposure to high power electromagnetic signals. No significant effects were observed, indicating that 1.5 GHz narrowband electromagnetic fields with incident amplitude level of 40 kV/m, and 150 MHz moderate-band electric fields with an amplitude of 72.5 to approximately 200 kV/m, do not cause any significant alterations of assessed parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gibot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jelena Kolosnjaj-Tabi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Bellard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Muriel Golzio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Uskach TM, Tereshchenko SN, Pavlenko TA, Zhirov IV, Sapelnikov OV, Akchurin RS. Possibilities and perspectives of using cardiac contractility modulation in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:4-14. [PMID: 30853008 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the main health care problems all over the world. Although, there are many drugs with proven effectiveness and hi-tech devices, there is a continuous process of searching new possibilities in heart failure prophylaxis going on because of huge economic burden and impact on life quality. Developing of atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients increases the risks of hospitalization and all-cause mortality. Appearance of new Optimizer Smart® system of cardiac contractility modulation is a perspective way of treatment in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation, who are not a candidate or have not got a good result from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Uskach
- FSBO National Medical research center of cardiology of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation..
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Arendash G, Cao C, Abulaban H, Baranowski R, Wisniewski G, Becerra L, Andel R, Lin X, Zhang X, Wittwer D, Moulton J, Arrington J, Smith A. A Clinical Trial of Transcranial Electromagnetic Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease: Cognitive Enhancement and Associated Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid, Blood, and Brain Imaging. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:57-82. [PMID: 31403948 PMCID: PMC6839500 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small aggregates (oligomers) of the toxic proteins amyloid-β (Aβ) and phospho-tau (p-tau) are essential contributors to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In mouse models for AD or human AD brain extracts, Transcranial Electromagnetic Treatment (TEMT) disaggregates both Aβ and p-tau oligomers, and induces brain mitochondrial enhancement. These apparent "disease-modifying" actions of TEMT both prevent and reverse memory impairment in AD transgenic mice. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and initial clinical efficacy of TEMT against AD, a comprehensive open-label clinical trial was performed. METHODS Eight mild/moderate AD patients were treated with TEMT in-home by their caregivers for 2 months utilizing a unique head device. TEMT was given for two 1-hour periods each day, with subjects primarily evaluated at baseline, end-of-treatment, and 2 weeks following treatment completion. RESULTS No deleterious behavioral effects, discomfort, or physiologic changes resulted from 2 months of TEMT, as well as no evidence of tumor or microhemorrhage induction. TEMT induced clinically important and statistically significant improvements in ADAS-cog, as well as in the Rey AVLT. TEMT also produced increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of soluble Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, cognition-related changes in CSF oligomeric Aβ, a decreased CSF p-tau/Aβ1-42 ratio, and reduced levels of oligomeric Aβ in plasma. Pre- versus post-treatment FDG-PET brain scans revealed stable cerebral glucose utilization, with several subjects exhibiting enhanced glucose utilization. Evaluation of diffusion tensor imaging (fractional anisotropy) scans in individual subjects provided support for TEMT-induced increases in functional connectivity within the cognitively-important cingulate cortex/cingulum. CONCLUSION TEMT administration to AD subjects appears to be safe, while providing cognitive enhancement, changes to CSF/blood AD markers, and evidence of stable/enhanced brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Haitham Abulaban
- University of South Florida Health/Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ross Andel
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University/Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amanda Smith
- University of South Florida Health/Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Electric field-responsive nanoparticles and electric fields: physical, chemical, biological mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:56-67. [PMID: 30414494 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electric fields are among physical stimuli that have revolutionized therapy. Occurring endogenously or exogenously, the electric field can be used as a trigger for controlled drug release from electroresponsive drug delivery systems, can stimulate wound healing and cell proliferation, may enhance endocytosis or guide stem cell differentiation. Electric field pulses may be applied to induce cell fusion, can increase the penetration of therapeutic agents into cells, or can be applied as a standalone therapy to ablate tumors. This review describes the main therapeutic trends and overviews the main physical, chemical and biological mechanisms underlying the actions of electric fields. Overall, the electric field can be used in therapeutic approaches in several ways. The electric field can act on drug carriers, cells and tissues. Understanding the multiple effects of this powerful tool will help harnessing its full therapeutic potential in an efficient and safe way.
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Ocal I, Yilmaz MB, Kocaturk-Sel S, Tufan T, Erkoc MA, Comertpay G, Oksuz H, Barc ED. ATP sensitive K + channel subunits (Kir6.1, Kir6.2) are the candidate mediators regulating ameliorating effects of pulsed magnetic field on aortic contractility in diabetic rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2018; 39:299-311. [PMID: 29446477 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes increased morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. With recent advancements in technology, alternative treatment methods have begun to be investigated in the world. This study aims to evaluate the effect of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on vascular complications and contractile activities of aortic rings along with Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 subunit expressions of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP ) in aortas of controlled-diabetic and non-controlled diabetic rats. Controlled-diabetic and non-controlled diabetic adult male Wistar rats were exposed to PMF for a period of 6 weeks according to the PMF application protocol (1 h/day; intensity: 1.5 mT; consecutive frequency: 1, 10, 20, and 40 Hz). After PMF exposure, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured. Then, thoracic aorta tissue was extracted for relaxation-contraction and Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 expression experiments. Blood plasma glucose levels, body weight, and aortic ring contraction percentage decreased in controlled-diabetic rats but increased in non-controlled diabetic rats. PMF therapy repressed Kir6.1 mRNA expression in non-controlled diabetic rats but not in controlled diabetic rats. Conversely, Kir6.2 mRNA expressions were repressed both in controlled diabetic and non-controlled diabetic rats by PMF. Our findings suggest that the positive therapeutic effects of PMF may act through (KATP ) subunits and may frequently occur in insulin-free conditions. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:299-311, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isil Ocal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet B Yilmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sabriye Kocaturk-Sel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Turan Tufan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet A Erkoc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gamze Comertpay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hale Oksuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Esma D Barc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Arendash GW. Review of the Evidence that Transcranial Electromagnetic Treatment will be a Safe and Effective Therapeutic Against Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:753-71. [PMID: 27258417 PMCID: PMC4981900 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated in multiple studies that daily, long-term electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment in the ultra-high frequency range not only protects Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice from cognitive impairment, but also reverses such impairment in aged AD mice. Moreover, these beneficial cognitive effects appear to be through direct actions on the AD process. Based on a large array of pre-clinical data, we have initiated a pilot clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of EMF treatment to mild-moderate AD subjects. Since it is important to establish the safety of this new neuromodulatory approach, the main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of evidence supporting the safety of EMFs, particularly through transcranial electromagnetic treatment (TEMT). In addition to our own pre-clinical studies, a rich variety of both animal and cell culture studies performed by others have underscored the anticipated safety of TEMT in clinical AD trials. Moreover, numerous clinical studies have determined that short- or long-term human exposure to EMFs similar to those to be provided clinically by TEMT do not have deleterious effects on general health, cognitive function, or a variety of physiologic measures-to the contrary, beneficial effects on brain function/activity have been reported. Importantly, such EMF exposure has not been shown to increase the risk of any type of cancer in human epidemiologic studies, as well as animal and cell culture studies. In view of all the above, clinical trials of safety/efficacy with TEMT to AD subjects are clearly warranted and now in progress.
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Hammerschlag R, Levin M, McCraty R, Bat N, Ives JA, Lutgendorf SK, Oschman JL. Biofield Physiology: A Framework for an Emerging Discipline. Glob Adv Health Med 2015; 4:35-41. [PMID: 26665040 PMCID: PMC4654783 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2015.015.suppl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofield physiology is proposed as an overarching descriptor for the electromagnetic, biophotonic, and other types of spatially-distributed fields that living systems generate and respond to as integral aspects of cellular, tissue, and whole organism self-regulation and organization. Medical physiology, cell biology, and biophysics provide the framework within which evidence for biofields, their proposed receptors, and functions is presented. As such, biofields can be viewed as affecting physiological regulatory systems in a manner that complements the more familiar molecular-based mechanisms. Examples of clinically relevant biofields are the electrical and magnetic fields generated by arrays of heart cells and neurons that are detected, respectively, as electrocardiograms (ECGs) or magnetocardiograms (MCGs) and electroencephalograms (EEGs) or magnetoencephalograms (MEGs). At a basic physiology level, electromagnetic activity of neural assemblies appears to modulate neuronal synchronization and circadian rhythmicity. Numerous nonneural electrical fields have been detected and analyzed, including those arising from patterns of resting membrane potentials that guide development and regeneration, and from slowly-varying transepithelial direct current fields that initiate cellular responses to tissue damage. Another biofield phenomenon is the coherent, ultraweak photon emissions (UPE), detected from cell cultures and from the body surface. A physiological role for biophotons is consistent with observations that fluctuations in UPE correlate with cerebral blood flow, cerebral energy metabolism, and EEG activity. Biofield receptors are reviewed in 3 categories: molecular-level receptors, charge flux sites, and endogenously generated electric or electromagnetic fields. In summary, sufficient evidence has accrued to consider biofield physiology as a viable scientific discipline. Directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hammerschlag
- The Institute for Integrative Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Consciousness and Healing Initiative, San Diego, California; Oregon College of Oriental Medicine, Portland (Dr Hammerschlag)
| | - Michael Levin
- Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (Dr Levin)
| | - Rollin McCraty
- Institute of HeartMath, Boulder Creek, California (Dr McCraty)
| | - Namuun Bat
- The Center for Brain, Mind, and Healing, Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia (Ms Bat)
| | - John A Ives
- The Center for Brain, Mind, and Healing, Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia (Dr Ives)
| | - Susan K Lutgendorf
- Departments of Psychology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Lutgendorf)
| | - James L Oschman
- Nature's Own Research Association, Dover, New Hampshire (Dr Oschman)
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Patruno A, Tabrez S, Pesce M, Shakil S, Kamal MA, Reale M. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on catalase, cytochrome P450 and nitric oxide synthase in erythro-leukemic cells. Life Sci 2015; 121:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhou J, Ma XN, Gao YH, Yan JL, Shi WG, Xian CJ, Chen KM. Sinusoidal electromagnetic fields promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption in rat femoral tissuesin vitro. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 35:75-83. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.971958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kahwash R, Burkhoff D, Abraham WT. Cardiac contractility modulation in patients with advanced heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:635-45. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.13.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Butters JT, Figueroa XA, Butters BM. Non-Thermal Radio Frequency Stimulation of Tubulin Polymerization in Vitro: A Potential Therapy for Cancer Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojbiphy.2014.44015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Kuck KH, Bordachar P, Borggrefe M, Boriani G, Burri H, Leyva F, Schauerte P, Theuns D, Thibault B, Kirchhof P, Hasenfuss G, Dickstein K, Leclercq C, Linde C, Tavazzi L, Ruschitzka F. New devices in heart failure: an European Heart Rhythm Association report: Developed by the European Heart Rhythm Association; Endorsed by the Heart Failure Association. Europace 2013; 16:109-28. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eut311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kanat E, Alp A, Yurtkuran M. Magnetotherapy in hand osteoarthritis: a pilot trial. Complement Ther Med 2013; 21:603-8. [PMID: 24280467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of magnetotherapy in the treatment of hand osteoarthritis (HO). METHODS In this randomized controlled single-blind follow-up study, patients with HO were randomly assigned into 2 groups (G1 and G2). The subjects in G1 (n=25) received 25Hz, 450 pulse/s, 5-80G, magnetotherapy of totally 10 days and 20 min/day combined with active range of motion/strengthening exercises for the hand. G2 (n=25) received sham-magnetotherapy for 20 min/day for the same duration combined with the same hand exercises. Outcome measures were pain and joint stiffness evaluation, handgrip and pinchgrip strength (HPS), Duruöz and Auscan Hand Osteoarthritis Indexes (DAOI) and Short Form-36 Health Questionnaire (SF-36) administered at baseline, immediately after treatment and at the follow up. RESULTS When the groups were compared with each other, improvement observed in SF-36 Pain (p<0.001), SF-36 Social Function (p=0.030), SF-36 Vitality (p=0.002), SF-36 General Health (p=0.001), Pain at rest (p<0.001), Pain at motion (p<0.001), Joint stiffness (p<0.001), DAOI (p<0.001) were in favor of G1. CONCLUSIONS Changes in pain, function and quality of life scores showed significant advantage in favor of the applied electromagnetic intervention in patients with HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Kanat
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Rentıp Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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20
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Deshmukh PS, Megha K, Banerjee BD, Ahmed RS, Chandna S, Abegaonkar MP, Tripathi AK. Detection of Low Level Microwave Radiation Induced Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage Vis-à-vis Genotoxicity in Brain of Fischer Rats. Toxicol Int 2013; 20:19-24. [PMID: 23833433 PMCID: PMC3702122 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-ionizing radiofrequency radiation has been increasingly used in industry, commerce, medicine and especially in mobile phone technology and has become a matter of serious concern in present time. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the possible deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damaging effects of low-level microwave radiation in brain of Fischer rats. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed on male Fischer rats exposed to microwave radiation for 30 days at three different frequencies: 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz. Animals were divided into 4 groups: Group I (Sham exposed): Animals not exposed to microwave radiation but kept under same conditions as that of other groups, Group II: Animals exposed to microwave radiation at frequency 900 MHz at specific absorption rate (SAR) 5.953 × 10−4 W/kg, Group III: Animals exposed to 1800 MHz at SAR 5.835 × 10−4 W/kg and Group IV: Animals exposed to 2450 MHz at SAR 6.672 × 10−4 W/kg. At the end of the exposure period animals were sacrificed immediately and DNA damage in brain tissue was assessed using alkaline comet assay. Results: In the present study, we demonstrated DNA damaging effects of low level microwave radiation in brain. Conclusion: We concluded that low SAR microwave radiation exposure at these frequencies may induce DNA strand breaks in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Suryakantrao Deshmukh
- Department of Biochemistry, Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University College of Medical Sciences and G.T.B. Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
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Iorio R, Bennato F, Mancini F, Colonna RC. ELF-MF transiently increases skeletal myoblast migration: possible role of calpain system. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:548-61. [PMID: 23367877 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.771825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell migration is crucial for myogenesis since it is required for the alignment and fusion of myoblast. Ca(2+) signals are involved in regulating myoblast migration and an extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (MF) increases intracellular calcium levels in C2C12 myoblast. This study was aimed at investigating whether ELF-MF could affect myoblast migration. As calpains contribute to the regulation of myoblast motility, the effect of ELF-MF on μ- and m-calpain was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of ELF-MF (1 mT; 50 Hz) on C2C12 cell motility was observed by wound-healing assay. Protein expression of calpains, calpastatin, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and vinculin were examined by Western blot analysis. Casein zymography and immunofluorescence analysis were carried out to evaluate, respectively, activity levels of calpains and intracellular distribution of calpains, calpastatin and actin. RESULTS Exposure to ELF-MF resulted in a transient but significant increase of myoblast migration. This stimulatory effect was associated with a marked increase of μ- and m-calpain activity followed by the concomitant variation in their subcellular localization. No significant changes in intracellular distribution and protein levels of calpastatin were detected. Finally, a significant decrease of MARCKS expression and modifications of actin dynamics were reported. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly outlines an involvement of calpains in ELF-MF-mediated myoblast migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iorio
- Departments of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, 67100 Italy.
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Bistolfi F. Evidence of interlinks between bioelectromagnetics and biomechanics: from biophysics to medical physics. Phys Med 2012; 22:71-95. [PMID: 17664154 DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(06)80002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A vast literature on electromagnetic and mechanical bioeffects at the bone and soft tissue level, as well as at the cellular level (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, nerve cells, endothelial and muscle cells) has been reviewed and analysed in order to show the evident connections between both types of physical energies. Moreover, an intimate link between the two is suggested by transduction phenomena (electromagnetic-acoustic transduction and its reverse) occurring in living matter, as a sound biophysical literature has demonstrated. However, electromagnetic and mechanical signals are not always interchangeable, depending on their respective intensity. Calculations are reported in order to show in which cases (read: for which values of electric field in V/m and of mechanical pressure in Pa) a given electromagnetic or mechanical bioeffect is only due to the directly impinging energy or even to the indirect transductional energy. The relevance of the treated item for the applications of medical physics to regenerative medicine is stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bistolfi
- Radiotherapy Department, Galliera Hospital, Genova (Italy)
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Borggrefe M, Burkhoff D. Clinical effects of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) as a treatment for chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2012; 14:703-12. [PMID: 22696514 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) signals are non-excitatory signals applied during the absolute refractory period that have been shown to enhance the strength of left ventricular contraction without increasing myocardial oxygen consumption in studies carried out in animals and humans with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Studies from myocardial tissue of animals and humans with heart failure suggest that the mechanisms of these effects is that CCM drives expression of many genes that are abnormally expressed in heart failure towards normal, including proteins involved with calcium cycling and the myocardial contractile machinery. Clinical studies have primarily focused on patients with normal QRS durations in view of the fact that cardiac resynchronization (CRT) is a viable option for patients with prolonged QRS duration. These studies show that CCM improves exercise tolerance as indexed by peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)) and quality of life indexed by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. The device is currently available for clinical use in countries recognizing the CE mark and is undergoing additional testing in the USA under a protocol approved by the Federal Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Borggrefe
- Department of Medicine (Department of Cardiology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Blank
- Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University,
630 W 168 St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Reba M. Goodman
- Cell Biology & Pathology, Columbia University, 630 W 168 St, New York, 10032, USA
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Ganguly K, McRury ID, Goodwin PM, Morgan RE, Augé WK. Targeted In Situ Biosynthetic Transcriptional Activation in Native Surface-Level Human Articular Chondrocytes during Lesion Stabilization. Cartilage 2012; 3:141-55. [PMID: 26069627 PMCID: PMC4297128 DOI: 10.1177/1947603511426881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Safe articular cartilage lesion stabilization is an important early surgical intervention advance toward mitigating articular cartilage disease burden. While short-term chondrocyte viability and chondrosupportive matrix modification have been demonstrated within tissue contiguous to targeted removal of damaged articular cartilage, longer term tissue responses require evaluation to further clarify treatment efficacy. The purpose of this study was to examine surface chondrocyte responses within contiguous tissue after lesion stabilization. METHODS Nonablation radiofrequency lesion stabilization of human cartilage explants obtained during knee replacement was performed for surface fibrillation. Time-dependent chondrocyte viability, nuclear morphology and cell distribution, and temporal response kinetics of matrix and chaperone gene transcription indicative of differentiated chondrocyte function were evaluated in samples at intervals to 96 hours after treatment. RESULTS Subadjacent surface articular cartilage chondrocytes demonstrated continued viability for 96 hours after treatment, a lack of increased nuclear fragmentation or condensation, persistent nucleic acid production during incubation reflecting cellular assembly behavior, and transcriptional up-regulation of matrix and chaperone genes indicative of retained biosynthetic differentiated cell function. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide further evidence of treatment efficacy and suggest the possibility to manipulate or induce cellular function, thereby recruiting local chondrocytes to aid lesion recovery. Early surgical intervention may be viewed as a tissue rescue, allowing articular cartilage to continue displaying biological responses appropriate to its function rather than converting to a tissue ultimately governed by the degenerative material property responses of matrix failure. Early intervention may positively impact the late changes and reduce disease burden of damaged articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wayne K. Augé
- NuOrtho Surgical Inc., Fall River, MA, USA,Center for Orthopaedic and Sports Performance Research Inc., Santa Fe, NM, USA
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Pilla A, Fitzsimmons R, Muehsam D, Wu J, Rohde C, Casper D. Electromagnetic fields as first messenger in biological signaling: Application to calmodulin-dependent signaling in tissue repair. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:1236-45. [PMID: 22005645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transduction mechanism for non-thermal electromagnetic field (EMF) bioeffects has not been fully elucidated. This study proposes that an EMF can act as a first messenger in the calmodulin-dependent signaling pathways that orchestrate the release of cytokines and growth factors in normal cellular responses to physical and/or chemical insults. METHODS Given knowledge of Ca(2+) binding kinetics to calmodulin (CaM), an EMF signal having pulse duration or carrier period shorter than bound Ca(2+) lifetime may be configured to accelerate binding, and be detectable above thermal noise. New EMF signals were configured to modulate calmodulin-dependent signaling and assessed for efficacy in cellular studies. RESULTS Configured EMF signals modulated CaM-dependent enzyme kinetics, produced several-fold increases in key second messengers to include nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in chondrocyte and endothelial cultures and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in neuronal cultures. Calmodulin antagonists and downstream blockers annihilated these effects, providing strong support for the proposed mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the kinetics of Ca(2+) binding to CaM, or for any ion binding specific to any signaling cascade, allows the use of an electrochemical model by which the ability of any EMF signal to modulate CaM-dependent signaling can be assessed a priori or a posteriori. Results are consistent with the proposed mechanism, and strongly support the Ca/CaM/NO pathway as a primary EMF transduction pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The predictions of the proposed model open a host of significant possibilities for configuration of non-thermal EMF signals for clinical and wellness applications that can reach far beyond fracture repair and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Pilla
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University and Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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Biphasic electrical currents stimulation promotes both proliferation and differentiation of fetal neural stem cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18738. [PMID: 21533199 PMCID: PMC3076442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of non-chemical methods to differentiate stem cells has attracted
researchers from multiple disciplines, including the engineering and the
biomedical fields. No doubt, growth factor based methods are still the most
dominant of achieving some level of proliferation and differentiation control -
however, chemical based methods are still limited by the quality, source, and
amount of the utilized reagents. Well-defined non-chemical methods to
differentiate stem cells allow stem cell scientists to control stem cell biology
by precisely administering the pre-defined parameters, whether they are
structural cues, substrate stiffness, or in the form of current flow. We have
developed a culture system that allows normal stem cell growth and the option of
applying continuous and defined levels of electric current to alter the cell
biology of growing cells. This biphasic current stimulator chip employing ITO
electrodes generates both positive and negative currents in the same culture
chamber without affecting surface chemistry. We found that biphasic electrical
currents (BECs) significantly increased the proliferation of fetal neural stem
cells (NSCs). Furthermore, BECs also promoted the differentiation of fetal NSCs
into neuronal cells, as assessed using immunocytochemistry. Our results clearly
show that BECs promote both the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of
fetal NSCs. It may apply to the development of strategies that employ NSCs in
the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's
and Parkinson's diseases.
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Zhang D, Pan X, Ohno S, Osuga T, Sawada S, Sato K. No effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on expression of cell adhesion molecules (integrin, CD44) and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 in osteosarcoma cell lines. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 32:463-73. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen J, Huang LQ, Xia QJ, He CQ. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the mRNA expression of CAII and RANK in ovariectomized rats. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:1527-32. [PMID: 21327437 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on the mRNA expression of the carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) in ovariectomized rats. A total of 48 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups [Sham, OVX, PEMFs, and E(2) (premarin)], 12 rats in each group. Rats in the Sham group received sham ovariectomy, while rats in OVX, PEMFs, and E(2) groups received ovariectomy. Twelve weeks following the surgery, rats (whole body) in the PEMFs group were exposed to PEMFs for 30 days with 3.8 mT, 8 Hz, and 40 min per day; rats in the E(2) group were administered premarin (0.0625 mg/kg/d; intragastric administration 1-2 ml/100 g). Rats in the Sham and OVX groups housed in the same conditions. At the end of intervention, the level of serum estradiol of rats was measured. The gene expression of CAII and RANK in the left ilium of rats was determined with real-time fluorescent-nested quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the Sham group, the level of serum estradiol in the ovariectomized group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05); compared with the OVX group, CAIImRNA expression was significantly decreased in the PEMFs group and E group (P < 0.05, 0.01, respectively). Compared with the E group, RANKmRNA expression was significantly higher in the PEMFs group (P < 0.05); although RANKmRNA expression decreased in PEMFs group, no statistically significant difference was found between PEMF group and OVX group (P = 0.82). These data suggest that PEMFs could regulate the expression of CAIImRNA in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhong Shang Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, China
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Monselise EBI, Levkovitz A, Gottlieb HE, Kost D. Bioassay for assessing cell stress in the vicinity of radio-frequency irradiating antennas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:1890-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
AbstractThe influence of magnetic fields on hatching and chromatin state of brine shrimp, Artemia sp., was investigated. Dry Artemia cysts were exposed to a magnetic field of intensity 25 mT for 10 min. The magnetic field was applied in different variants: constant field, rotating field of different directions (right-handed and left-handed) and different magnet polarization. The effect of ultra wideband pulse radiation and microwave radiation was also investigated. The energy density on the surface of object exposed to ultra wideband pulse radiation was 10−2, 10−3, 10−4, 10−5 and 10−6 W/cm2, the power of microwave radiation was 10−4 and 10−5 W/cm2, exposure time - 10 s. After incubation of the cysts for 48 hours in sea water the hatching percentage of Artemia from exposed cysts was higher than in controls. The number of heterochromatin granules was significantly higher in the nauplia (newborn larvae of Artemia) developed from cysts that had been exposed to magnetic and electromagnetic fields. The data obtained demonstrate an increase in percentage hatching of Artemia cysts after treatment with magnetic and electromagnetic fields and chromatin condensation in nauplia. We have also shown different effects of right-handed and left-handed rotating magnetic fields on these processes.
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Elson E. II. Model building: an electrical theory of control of growth and development in animals, prompted by studies of exogenous magnetic field effects (paper I), and evidence of DNA current conduction, in vitro. Electromagn Biol Med 2010; 28:283-309. [PMID: 20001704 DOI: 10.3109/15368370903114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A theory of control of cellular proliferation and differentiation in the early development of metazoan systems, postulating a system of electrical controls "parallel" to the processes of molecular biochemistry, is presented. It is argued that the processes of molecular biochemistry alone cannot explain how a developing organism defies a stochastic universe. The demonstration of current flow (charge transfer) along the long axis of DNA through the base-pairs (the "pi-way) in vitro raises the question of whether nature may employ such current flows for biological purposes. Such currents might be too small to be accessible to direct measurement in vivo but conduction has been measured in vitro, and the methods might well be extended to living systems. This has not been done because there is no reasonable model which could stimulate experimentation. We suggest several related, but detachable or independent, models for the biological utility of charge transfer, whose scope admittedly outruns current concepts of thinking about organization, growth, and development in eukaryotic, metazoan systems. The ideas are related to explanations proposed to explain the effects demonstrated on tumors and normal tissues described in Article I (this issue). Microscopic and mesoscopic potential fields and currents are well known at sub-cellular, cellular, and organ systems levels. Not only are such phenomena associated with internal cellular membranes in bioenergetics and information flow, but remarkable long-range fields over tissue interfaces and organs appear to play a role in embryonic development (Nuccitelli, 1992 ). The origin of the fields remains unclear and is the subject of active investigation. We are proposing that similar processes could play a vital role at a "sub-microscopic level," at the level of the chromosomes themselves, and could play a role in organizing and directing fundamental processes of growth and development, in parallel with the more discernible fields and currents described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Elson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Chen J, He HC, Xia QJ, Huang LQ, Hu YJ, He CQ. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the mRNA expression of RANK and CAII in ovariectomized rat osteoclast-like cell. Connect Tissue Res 2010; 51:1-7. [PMID: 20067410 DOI: 10.3109/03008200902855917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on the mRNA expression of the receptor activator of NF-kappa-B (RANK) and carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) in ovariectomized rat osteoclast-like cells. Marrow cells were harvested from femora and tibiae of rats, from which the ovaries had been totally excised, and cultured in 6-well chamber slides. After 1 day of incubation, the marrow cells were exposed to PEMF for 3 days with 3.8 mT, 8 Hz, and 40 min per day. Osteoclast-like cells were confirmed by both tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and bone resorption assay. The expression of RANK and CA II mRNA was determined with real-time fluorescent-nested quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the sham group, the level of serum estradiol in the ovariectomized group was significantly decreased ( p < 0.05). The numbers of multinucleated, TRAP-positive osteoclast-like cells and resorption pits formed were observed. In invitro study, the expression of RANK and CA II were measured in sham, ovariectomized without PEMF, and ovariectomized with PEMF treatment. Compared with the ovariectomized (PEMF) experimental group and sham group, CA II mRNA expression was significantly increased in the ovariectomized control group ( p < 0.05, 0.01, respectively). Compared with the sham group, RANK mRNA expression was significantly increased in the ovariectomized control group ( p < 0.05). These data suggest that PEMF could regulate the expression of RANK and CA II mRNA in the marrow culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Blank M, Goodman R. Electromagnetic fields stress living cells. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2009; 16:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Jovanova-Nesic K, Eric-Jovicic M, Spector NH. MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF THE BRAIN INCREASE Na+, K+-ATPase ACTIVITY DECREASED BY INJECTION OF AlCl3INTO NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS OF RATS. Int J Neurosci 2009; 116:681-95. [PMID: 16753895 DOI: 10.1080/00207450600674830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reports here on the influence of the static magnetic fields (MFs), locally applied to the brain area, on Na, K-ATPase activity in the rat with lesioned nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) by intracerebral injection of 5 microl, 1% AlCl3 into the nucleus. Two AKMA micromagnets (M) flux density of 60 miliTesla, 5 mm in diameter, were bilaterally implanted with "N" polarity facing down to the cranial bones in the vicinity of the pineal gland (PG), immediately after the lesioning of NBM, during the same operation procedure. Ten days after the lesions of NBM, Na, K-ATPase activity on the erythrocyte membranes in the peripheral blood, measured spectrophotometrically, was completely inhibited. Magnetic stimulation (60 mT) of the brain during the 10 days significantly increased Na, K-ATPase activity on the erythrocyte membranes of rats with lesioned NBM. This results suggests that altered by lesions Na, K-ATPase activity in an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease might be ameliorated by magnetic stimulation of the brain.
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Ahuja YR, Bhargava SC, Ratnakar KS. Electric and Magnetic Fields in Stem Cell Research. Electromagn Biol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15368370500205480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
There is increasing interest in using permanent magnets for therapeutic purposes encouraged by basic science publications and clinical reports. Magnetotherapy provides a non invasive, safe, and easy method to directly treat the site of injury, the source of pain and inflammation, and other types of disease. The physiological bases for the use of magnetic fields for tissue repair as well as physical principles of dosimetry and application of various magnetic fields are subjects of this review. Analysis of the magnetic and electromagnetic stimulation is followed by a discussion of the advantage of magnetic field stimulation compared with electric current and electric field stimulation.
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Shckorbatov YG, Pasiuga VN, Kolchigin NN, Grabina VA, Batrakov DO, Kalashnikov VV, Ivanchenko DD, Bykov VN. The influence of differently polarised microwave radiation on chromatin in human cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 85:322-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000902781113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen C, Cui Y, Yue J, Huo X, Song T. Enhancement of the hydrolysis activity of F0F1-ATPases using 60 Hz magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 30:663-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Mousavy SJ, Riazi GH, Kamarei M, Aliakbarian H, Sattarahmady N, Sharifizadeh A, Safarian S, Ahmad F, Moosavi–Movahedi AA. Effects of mobile phone radiofrequency on the structure and function of the normal human hemoglobin. Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 44:278-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Public health implications of wireless technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:233-46. [PMID: 19285839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Global exposures to emerging wireless technologies from applications including mobile phones, cordless phones, DECT phones, WI-FI, WLAN, WiMAX, wireless internet, baby monitors, and others may present serious public health consequences. Evidence supporting a public health risk is documented in the BioInitiative Report. New, biologically based public exposure standards for chronic exposure to low-intensity exposures are warranted. Existing safety standards are obsolete because they are based solely on thermal effects from acute exposures. The rapidly expanding development of new wireless technologies and the long latency for the development of such serious diseases as brain cancers means that failure to take immediate action to reduce risks may result in an epidemic of potentially fatal diseases in the future. Regardless of whether or not the associations are causal, the strengths of the associations are sufficiently strong that in the opinion of the authors, taking action to reduce exposures is imperative, especially for the fetus and children. Such action is fully compatible with the precautionary principle, as enunciated by the Rio Declaration, the European Constitution Principle on Health (Section 3.1) and the European Union Treaties Article 174.
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Ruediger HW. Genotoxic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:89-102. [PMID: 19285841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 11/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
101 publications are exploited which have studied genotoxicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) in vivo and in vitro. Of these 49 report a genotoxic effect and 42 do not. In addition, 8 studies failed to detect an influence on the genetic material, but showed that RF-EMF enhanced the genotoxic action of other chemical or physical agents. The controversial results may in part be explained by the different cellular systems. Moreover, inconsistencies may depend from the variety of analytical methods being used, which differ considerably with respect to sensitivity and specificity. Taking altogether there is ample evidence that RF-EMF can alter the genetic material of exposed cells in vivo and in vitro and in more than one way. This genotoxic action may be mediated by microthermal effects in cellular structures, formation of free radicals, or an interaction with DNA-repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo W Ruediger
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Berggasse 4/33, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
AbstractThe effects of ultra wideband pulse radiation on human cells were investigated. The density of the flow of energy on the surface of irradiated object varied from 10−6 to 10−2 W/cm2 with exposure of 10 s. It was shown that heterochromatin granule quantity in cell nuclei increased under the influence of radiation from 10−4 to 10−2 W/cm2. In some intervals the effect increased with irradiation dose. At irradiation intensity 10−3 W/cm2 the process of heterochromatin granule formation was fully reversible after 2 h of recovery; at intensity 10−2 W/cm2 the reversion of irradiation effects was not full. The data obtained indicated the strong biological activity of ultra wideband ultra short pulse radiation.
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Delle Monache S, Alessandro R, Iorio R, Gualtieri G, Colonna R. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) induce in vitro angiogenesis process in human endothelial cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2008; 29:640-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nagele H, Behrens S, Eisermann C. Cardiac contractility modulation in non-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 2008; 10:1375-80. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eun257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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George I, Geddis MS, Lill Z, Lin H, Gomez T, Blank M, Oz MC, Goodman R. Myocardial function improved by electromagnetic field induction of stress protein hsp70. J Cell Physiol 2008; 216:816-23. [PMID: 18446816 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Studies on myocardial function have shown that hsp70, stimulated by an increase in temperature, leads to improved survival following ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). Low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) also induce the stress protein hsp70, but without elevating temperature. We have examined the hemodynamic changes in concert with EMF pre-conditioning and the induction of hsp70 to determine whether improved myocardial function occurs following I-R injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were exposed to EMF (60 Hz, 8 microT) for 30 min prior to I-R. Ischemia was then induced by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 30 min, followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Blood and heart tissue levels for hsp70 were determined by Western blot and RNA transcription by rtPCR. Significant upregulation of the HSP70 gene and increased hsp70 levels were measured in response to EMF pre-exposures. Invasive hemodynamics, as measured using a volume conductance catheter, demonstrated significant recovery of systolic contractile function after 30 min of reperfusion following EMF exposure. Additionally, isovolemic relaxation, a measure of ventricular diastolic function, was markedly improved in EMF-treated animals. In conclusion, non-invasive EMF induction of hsp70 preserved myocardial function and has the potential to improve tolerance to ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac George
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Cardiac contractility modulation electrical signals improve myocardial gene expression in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:1784-9. [PMID: 18452785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to test whether cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) electric signals induce reverse molecular remodeling in myocardium of patients with heart failure. BACKGROUND Heart failure is associated with up-regulation of myocardial fetal and stretch response genes and down-regulation of Ca(2+) cycling genes. Treatment with CCM signals has been associated with improved symptoms and exercise tolerance in heart failure patients. We tested the impact of CCM signals on myocardial gene expression in 11 patients. METHODS Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained at baseline and 3 and 6 months thereafter. The CCM signals were delivered in random order of ON for 3 months and OFF for 3 months. Messenger ribonucleic acid expression was analyzed in the core lab by investigators blinded to treatment sequence. Expression of A- and B-type natriuretic peptides and alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC), the sarcoplasmic reticulum genes SERCA-2a, phospholamban and ryanodine receptors, and the stretch response genes p38 mitogen activated protein kinase and p21 Ras were measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and bands quantified in densitometric units. RESULTS The 3-month therapy OFF phase was associated with increased expression of A- and B-type natriuretic peptides, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, and p21 Ras and decreased expression of alpha-MHC, SERCA-2a, phospholamban, and ryanodine receptors. In contrast, the 3-month ON therapy phase resulted in decreased expression of A- and B-type natriuretic peptides, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase and p21 Ras and increased expression of alpha-MHC, SERCA-2a, phospholamban, and ryanodine receptors. CONCLUSIONS The CCM signal treatment reverses the cardiac maladaptive fetal gene program and normalizes expression of key sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) cycling and stretch response genes. These changes may contribute to the clinical effects of CCM.
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