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Mei G, Wang J, Wang J, Ye L, Yi M, Chen G, Zhang Y, Tang Q, Chen L. The specificities, influencing factors, and medical implications of bone circadian rhythms. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23758. [PMID: 38923594 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302582rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Physiological processes within the human body are regulated in approximately 24-h cycles known as circadian rhythms, serving to adapt to environmental changes. Bone rhythms play pivotal roles in bone development, metabolism, mineralization, and remodeling processes. Bone rhythms exhibit cell specificity, and different cells in bone display various expressions of clock genes. Multiple environmental factors, including light, feeding, exercise, and temperature, affect bone diurnal rhythms through the sympathetic nervous system and various hormones. Disruptions in bone diurnal rhythms contribute to the onset of skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and skeletal hypoplasia. Conversely, these bone diseases can be effectively treated when aimed at the circadian clock in bone cells, including the rhythmic expressions of clock genes and drug targets. In this review, we describe the unique circadian rhythms in physiological activities of various bone cells. Then we summarize the factors synchronizing the diurnal rhythms of bone with the underlying mechanisms. Based on the review, we aim to build an overall understanding of the diurnal rhythms in bone and summarize the new preventive and therapeutic strategies for bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Mei
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanxiang Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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2
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Ma C, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Hu CH, Zheng CX, Jin Y, Sui BD. Autonomic neural regulation in mediating the brain-bone axis: mechanisms and implications for regeneration under psychological stress. QJM 2024; 117:95-108. [PMID: 37252831 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient regeneration of bone defects caused by disease or significant trauma is a major challenge in current medicine, which is particularly difficult yet significant under the emerging psychological stress in the modern society. Notably, the brain-bone axis has been proposed as a prominent new concept in recent years, among which autonomic nerves act as an essential and emerging skeletal pathophysiological factor related to psychological stress. Studies have established that sympathetic cues lead to impairment of bone homeostasis mainly through acting on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives with also affecting the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-lineage osteoclasts, and the autonomic neural regulation of stem cell lineages in bone is increasingly recognized to contribute to the bone degenerative disease, osteoporosis. This review summarizes the distribution characteristics of autonomic nerves in bone, introduces the regulatory effects and mechanisms of autonomic nerves on MSC and HSC lineages, and expounds the crucial role of autonomic neural regulation on bone physiology and pathology, which acts as a bridge between the brain and the bone. With the translational perspective, we further highlight the autonomic neural basis of psychological stress-induced bone loss and a series of pharmaceutical therapeutic strategies and implications toward bone regeneration. The summary of research progress in this field will add knowledge to the current landscape of inter-organ crosstalk and provide a medicinal basis for the achievement of clinical bone regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - C-H Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - C-X Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - B-D Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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3
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Zhao Y, Peng X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang L, Xu Y, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Crosstalk Between the Neuroendocrine System and Bone Homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:95-124. [PMID: 37459436 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The homeostasis of bone microenvironment is the foundation of bone health and comprises 2 concerted events: bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. In the early 21st century, leptin, an adipocytes-derived hormone, was found to affect bone homeostasis through hypothalamic relay and the sympathetic nervous system, involving neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. This discovery has provided a new perspective regarding the synergistic effects of endocrine and nervous systems on skeletal homeostasis. Since then, more studies have been conducted, gradually uncovering the complex neuroendocrine regulation underlying bone homeostasis. Intriguingly, bone is also considered as an endocrine organ that can produce regulatory factors that in turn exert effects on neuroendocrine activities. After decades of exploration into bone regulation mechanisms, separate bioactive factors have been extensively investigated, whereas few studies have systematically shown a global view of bone homeostasis regulation. Therefore, we summarized the previously studied regulatory patterns from the nervous system and endocrine system to bone. This review will provide readers with a panoramic view of the intimate relationship between the neuroendocrine system and bone, compensating for the current understanding of the regulation patterns of bone homeostasis, and probably developing new therapeutic strategies for its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaole Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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Biales AD, Bencic DC, Flick RW, Toth GP. Effects of Age and Exposure Duration on the Sensitivity of Early Life Stage Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) to Waterborne Propranolol Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 38146914 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Propranolol is a heavily prescribed, nonspecific beta-adrenoceptor (bAR) antagonist frequently found in wastewater effluents, prompting concern over its potential to adversely affect exposed organisms. In the present study, the transcriptional responses of 4, 5, and 6 days postfertilization (dpf) ±1 h fathead minnow, exposed for 6, 24, or 48 h to 0.66 or 3.3 mg/L (nominal) propranolol were characterized using RNA sequencing. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was used as an estimate of sensitivity. A trend toward increased sensitivity with age was observed; fish >7 dpf at the end of exposure were particularly sensitive to propranolol. The DEGs largely overlapped among treatment groups, suggesting a highly consistent response that was independent of age. Cluster analysis was performed using normalized count data for unexposed and propranolol-exposed fish. Control fish clustered tightly by age, with fish ≥7 dpf clustering away from younger fish, reflecting developmental differences. When clustering was conducted using exposed fish, in cases where propranolol induced a minimal or no transcriptional response, the results mirrored those of the control fish and did not appreciably cluster by treatment. In treatment groups that displayed a more robust transcriptional response, the effects of propranolol were evident; however, fish <7 dpf clustered away from older fish, despite having similar numbers of DEGs. Increased sensitivity at 7 dpf coincided with developmental milestones with the potential to alter propranolol pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics, such as the onset of exogenous feeding and gill functionality as well as increased systemic expression of bAR. These results may have broader implications because toxicity testing often utilizes fish <4 dpf, prior to the onset of these potentially important developmental milestones, which may result in an underestimation of risk for some chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-14. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Biales
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Chemistry, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David C Bencic
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Chemistry, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert W Flick
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Chemistry, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gregory P Toth
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Chemistry, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Steppe L, Megafu M, Tschaffon-Müller ME, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. Fracture healing research: Recent insights. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101686. [PMID: 38163010 PMCID: PMC10757288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone has the rare capability of scarless regeneration that enables the complete restoration of the injured bone area. In recent decades, promising new technologies have emerged from basic, translational and clinical research for fracture treatment; however, 5-10 % of all bone fractures still fail to heal successfully or heal in a delayed manner. Several comorbidities and risk factors have been identified which impair bone healing and might lead to delayed bone union or non-union. Therefore, a considerable amount of research has been conducted to elucidate molecular mechanisms of successful and delayed fracture healing to gain further insights into this complex process. One focus of recent research is to investigate the complex interactions of different cell types and the action of progenitor cells during the healing process. Of particular interest is also the identification of patient-specific comorbidities and how these affect fracture healing. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge about progenitor cells for long bone repair and the influence of comorbidities such as diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and chronic stress on the healing process. The topic selection for this review was made based on the presented studies at the 2022 annual meeting of the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) in Helsinki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Megafu
- A.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
| | | | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
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6
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Wong CP, Iwaniec UT, Turner RT. Brown adipose tissue but not tibia exhibits a dramatic response to acute reduction in environmental temperature in growing male mice. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101706. [PMID: 37637756 PMCID: PMC10448410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice are typically housed at room temperature (∼22 °C), which is well below their thermoneutral zone and results in cold stress. Chronic cold stress leads to increased adaptive thermogenesis and reductions in cancellous bone volume and bone marrow adipose tissue mass in long bones of growing mice. There is strong evidence that increased neuronal activity initiates the metabolic response of intrascapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) to cold stress, but it is less clear whether bone is regulated through a similar mechanism. Therefore, we compared the short-term response of BAT and whole tibia to a reduction in environmental temperature. To accomplish this, we transferred a group of 6-week-old male mice from 32 °C to 22 °C housing and sacrificed the mice 24 h later. Age-matched controls were maintained at 32 °C. We then evaluated expression levels of a panel of genes related to adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism in BAT and tibia, and a panel of genes related to bone metabolism in tibia. The decrease in housing temperature resulted in changes in expression levels for 47/86 genes related to adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism in BAT, including 9-fold and 17-fold increases in Ucp1 and Dio2, respectively. In contrast, only 1/86 genes related to adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism and 4/84 genes related to bone metabolism were differentially expressed in tibia. These findings suggest that bone, although innervated with sensory and sympathetic neurons, does not respond as rapidly as BAT to changes in environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen P. Wong
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Urszula T. Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Russell T. Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Zheng XQ, Huang J, Lin JL, Song CL. Pathophysiological mechanism of acute bone loss after fracture. J Adv Res 2023; 49:63-80. [PMID: 36115662 PMCID: PMC10334135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute bone loss after fracture is associated with various effects on the complete recovery process and a risk of secondary fractures among patients. Studies have reported similarities in pathophysiological mechanisms involved in acute bone loss after fractures and osteoporosis. However, given the silence nature of bone loss and bone metabolism complexities, the actual underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. AIM OF REVIEW To elaborate the latest findings in basic research with a focus on acute bone loss after fracture. To briefly highlight potential therapeutic targets and current representative drugs. To arouse researchers' attention and discussion on acute bone loss after fracture. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Bone loss after fracture is associated with immobilization, mechanical unloading, blood supply damage, sympathetic nerve regulation, and crosstalk between musculoskeletals among other factors. Current treatment strategies rely on regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, therefore, there is a need to elucidate on the underlying mechanisms of acute bone loss after fractures to inform the development of efficacious and safe drugs. In addition, attention should be paid towards ensuring long-term skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Qi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Liang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Li Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China.
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Weerasinghe DK, Hodge JM, Pasco JA, Samarasinghe RM, Azimi Manavi B, Williams LJ. Antipsychotic-induced bone loss: the role of dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptor signalling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1184550. [PMID: 37305679 PMCID: PMC10248006 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1184550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics are commonly used in treating psychiatric disorders. These medications primarily target dopamine the serotonin receptors, they have some affinity to adrenergic, histamine, glutamate and muscarinic receptors. There is clinical evidence that antipsychotic use decreases BMD and increases fracture risk, with dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptor-signalling becoming an increasing area of focus where the presence of these receptors in osteoclasts and osteoblasts have been demonstrated. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are the most important cells in the bone remodelling and the bone regeneration process where the activity of these cells determine the bone resorption and formation process in order to maintain healthy bone. However, an imbalance in osteoclast and osteoblast activity can lead to decreased BMD and increased fracture risk, which is also believed to be exacerbated by antipsychotics use. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of first, second and third generation antipsychotics and the expression profiles of dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptors during osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Kavindi Weerasinghe
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason M. Hodge
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A. Pasco
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rasika M. Samarasinghe
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Behnaz Azimi Manavi
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lana J. Williams
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Charoenphandhu N, Chanpaisaeng K, Teerapornpuntakit J, Wongdee K. Editorial: Crosstalk between bone and other cells. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1209053. [PMID: 37228815 PMCID: PMC10203695 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1209053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krittikan Chanpaisaeng
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kannikar Wongdee
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
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10
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Kupka JR, Sagheb K, Al-Nawas B, Schiegnitz E. The Sympathetic Nervous System in Dental Implantology. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082907. [PMID: 37109243 PMCID: PMC10143978 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system plays a vital role in various regulatory mechanisms. These include the well-known fight-or-flight response but also, for example, the processing of external stressors. In addition to many other tissues, the sympathetic nervous system influences bone metabolism. This effect could be highly relevant concerning osseointegration, which is responsible for the long-term success of dental implants. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the current literature on this topic and to reveal future research perspectives. One in vitro study showed differences in mRNA expression of adrenoceptors cultured on implant surfaces. In vivo, sympathectomy impaired osseointegration in mice, while electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerves promoted it. As expected, the beta-blocker propranolol improves histological implant parameters and micro-CT measurements. Overall, the present data are considered heterogeneous. However, the available publications reveal the potential for future research and development in dental implantology, which helps to introduce new therapeutic strategies and identify risk factors for dental implant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Raphael Kupka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Keyvan Sagheb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eik Schiegnitz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Tao R, Mi B, Hu Y, Lin S, Xiong Y, Lu X, Panayi AC, Li G, Liu G. Hallmarks of peripheral nerve function in bone regeneration. Bone Res 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 36599828 PMCID: PMC9813170 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal tissue is highly innervated. Although different types of nerves have been recently identified in the bone, the crosstalk between bone and nerves remains unclear. In this review, we outline the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in bone regeneration following injury. We first introduce the conserved role of nerves in tissue regeneration in species ranging from amphibians to mammals. We then present the distribution of the PNS in the skeletal system under physiological conditions, fractures, or regeneration. Furthermore, we summarize the ways in which the PNS communicates with bone-lineage cells, the vasculature, and immune cells in the bone microenvironment. Based on this comprehensive and timely review, we conclude that the PNS regulates bone regeneration through neuropeptides or neurotransmitters and cells in the peripheral nerves. An in-depth understanding of the roles of peripheral nerves in bone regeneration will inform the development of new strategies based on bone-nerve crosstalk in promoting bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranyang Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P.R. China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P.R. China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P.R. China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P.R. China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P.R. China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China.
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12
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Solernó LM, Sobol NT, Gottardo MF, Capobianco CS, Ferrero MR, Vásquez L, Alonso DF, Garona J. Propranolol blocks osteosarcoma cell cycle progression, inhibits angiogenesis and slows xenograft growth in combination with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15058. [PMID: 36075937 PMCID: PMC9458647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is still associated with limited response to standard-of-care therapy and alarmingly elevated mortality rates, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite multiple efforts to repurpose β-blocker propranolol in oncology, its potential application in osteosarcoma management remains largely unexplored. Considering the unsatisfied clinical needs of this aggressive disease, we evaluated the antitumoral activity of propranolol using different in vitro and in vivo osteosarcoma preclinical models, alone or in addition to chemotherapy. Propranolol significantly impaired cellular growth in β2-adrenergic receptor-expressing MG-63 and U-2OS cells, and was capable of blocking growth-stimulating effects triggered by catecholamines. siRNA-mediated ADRB2 knockdown in MG-63 cells was associated with decreased cell survival and a significant attenuation of PPN anti-osteosarcoma activity. Direct cytostatic effects of propranolol were independent of apoptosis induction and were associated with reduced mitosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and a significant down-regulation of cell cycle regulator Cyclin D1. Moreover, colony formation, 3D spheroid growth, cell chemotaxis and capillary-like tube formation were drastically impaired after propranolol treatment. Interestingly, anti-migratory activity of β-blocker was associated with altered actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In vivo, propranolol treatment (10 mg/kg/day i.p.) reduced the early angiogenic response triggered by MG-63 cells in nude mice. Synergistic effects were observed in vitro after combining propranolol with chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Sustained administration of propranolol (10 mg/kg/day i.p., five days a week), alone and especially in addition to low-dose metronomic cisplatin (2 mg/kg/day i.p., three times a week), markedly reduced xenograft progression. After histological analysis, propranolol and cisplatin combination resulted in low tumor mitotic index and increased tumor necrosis. β-blockade using propranolol seems to be an achievable and cost-effective therapeutic approach to modulate osteosarcoma aggressiveness. Further translational studies of propranolol repurposing in osteosarcoma are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisina M Solernó
- Center for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMTra), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Center for Translational Medicine, El Cruce "Néstor Kirchner" Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natasha T Sobol
- Center for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMTra), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Center for Translational Medicine, El Cruce "Néstor Kirchner" Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Gottardo
- Center for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMTra), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Center for Translational Medicine, El Cruce "Néstor Kirchner" Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla S Capobianco
- Center for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMTra), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano R Ferrero
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Biomedicine Research Institute of Buenos Aires (IBioBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Vásquez
- Precision Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, University of San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Daniel F Alonso
- Center for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMTra), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Center for Translational Medicine, El Cruce "Néstor Kirchner" Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Garona
- Center for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMTra), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Center for Translational Medicine, El Cruce "Néstor Kirchner" Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Wagener N, Lehmann W, Weiser L, Jäckle K, Di Fazio P, Schilling AF, Böker KO. Psychostimulants Modafinil, Atomoxetine and Guanfacine Impair Bone Cell Differentiation and MSC Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10257. [PMID: 36142172 PMCID: PMC9499654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common worldwide mental disorders in children, young and adults. If left untreated, the disorder can continue into adulthood. The abuse of ADHD-related drugs to improve mental performance for studying, working and everyday life is also rising. The potentially high number of subjects with controlled or uncontrolled use of such substances increases the impact of possible side effects. It has been shown before that the early ADHD drug methylphenidate influences bone metabolism negatively. This study focused on the influence of three more recent cognitive enhancers, modafinil, atomoxetine and guanfacine, on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts and on their cell functions, including migration. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were incubated with a therapeutic plasma dosage of modafinil, atomoxetine and guanfacine. Gene expression analyses revealed a high beta-2 adrenoreceptor expression in hMSC, suggesting it as a possible pathway to stimulate action. In bone formation assays, all three cognitive enhancers caused a significant decrease in the mineralized matrix and an early slight reduction of cell viability without triggering apoptosis or necrosis. While there was no effect of the three substances on early differentiation, they showed differing effects on the expression of osterix (OSX), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the later stages of osteoblast development, suggesting alternative modes of action. All three substances significantly inhibited hMSC migration. This effect could be rescued by a selective beta-blocker (Imperial Chemical Industries ICI-118,551) in modafinil and atomoxetine, suggesting mediation via beta-2 receptor stimulation. In conclusion, modafinil, atomoxetine and guanfacine negatively influence hMSC differentiation to bone-forming osteoblasts and cell migration through different intracellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Wagener
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Weiser
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Jäckle
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Department of Visceral Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai O. Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Lourenço C, Conceição F, Jerónimo C, Lamghari M, Sousa DM. Stress in Metastatic Breast Cancer: To the Bone and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1881. [PMID: 35454788 PMCID: PMC9028241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) remains as one the most prevalent cancers diagnosed in industrialised countries. Although the overall survival rate is high, the dissemination of BRCA cells to distant organs correlates with a significantly poor prognosis. This is due to the fact that there are no efficient therapeutic strategies designed to overcome the progression of the metastasis. Over the past decade, critical associations between stress and the prevalence of BRCA metastases were uncovered. Chronic stress and the concomitant sympathetic hyperactivation have been shown to accelerate the progression of the disease and the metastases incidence, specifically to the bone. In this review, we provide a summary of the sympathetic profile on BRCA. Additionally, the current knowledge regarding the sympathetic hyperactivity, and the underlying adrenergic signalling pathways, involved on the development of BRCA metastasis to distant organs (i.e., bone, lung, liver and brain) will be revealed. Since bone is a preferential target site for BRCA metastases, greater emphasis will be given to the contribution of α2- and β-adrenergic signalling in BRCA bone tropism and the occurrence of osteolytic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lourenço
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (F.C.); (M.L.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Francisco Conceição
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (F.C.); (M.L.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology—ICBAS-UP, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (F.C.); (M.L.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M. Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (F.C.); (M.L.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Rösch G, Muschter D, Taheri S, El Bagdadi K, Dorn C, Meurer A, Zaucke F, Schilling AF, Grässel S, Straub RH, Jenei-Lanzl Z. β2-Adrenoceptor Deficiency Results in Increased Calcified Cartilage Thickness and Subchondral Bone Remodeling in Murine Experimental Osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:801505. [PMID: 35095883 PMCID: PMC8794706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.801505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies demonstrated a contribution of adrenoceptors (ARs) to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Several AR subtypes are expressed in joint tissues and the β2-AR subtype seems to play a major role during OA progression. However, the importance of β2-AR has not yet been investigated in knee OA. Therefore, we examined the development of knee OA in β2-AR-deficient (Adrb2-/-) mice after surgical OA induction. Methods OA was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in male wildtype (WT) and Adrb2-/- mice. Cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation were evaluated by histological scoring. Subchondral bone remodeling was analyzed using micro-CT. Osteoblast (alkaline phosphatase - ALP) and osteoclast (cathepsin K - CatK) activity were analyzed by immunostainings. To evaluate β2-AR deficiency-associated effects, body weight, sympathetic tone (splenic norepinephrine (NE) via HPLC) and serum leptin levels (ELISA) were determined. Expression of the second major AR, the α2-AR, was analyzed in joint tissues by immunostaining. Results WT and Adrb2-/- DMM mice developed comparable changes in cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation. Adrb2-/- DMM mice displayed elevated calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate thickness as well as increased epiphyseal BV/TV compared to WTs, while there were no significant differences in Sham animals. In the subchondral bone of Adrb2-/- mice, osteoblasts activity increased and osteoclast activity deceased. Adrb2-/- mice had significantly higher body weight and fat mass compared to WT mice. Serum leptin levels increased in Adrb2-/- DMM compared to WT DMM without any difference between the respective Shams. There was no difference in the development of meniscal ossicles and osteophytes or in the subarticular trabecular microstructure between Adrb2-/- and WT DMM as well as Adrb2-/- and WT Sham mice. Number of α2-AR-positive cells was lower in Adrb2-/- than in WT mice in all analyzed tissues and decreased in both Adrb2-/- and WT over time. Conclusion We propose that the increased bone mass in Adrb2-/- DMM mice was not only due to β2-AR deficiency but to a synergistic effect of OA and elevated leptin concentrations. Taken together, β2-AR plays a major role in OA-related subchondral bone remodeling and is thus an attractive target for the exploration of novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Rösch
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Muschter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Shahed Taheri
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karima El Bagdadi
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Dorn
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Meurer
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arndt F Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Kuhn MR, Haffner-Luntzer M, Kempter E, Reber SO, Ichinose H, Vacher J, Ignatius A, Tschaffon-Müller MEA. Myeloid cell-derived catecholamines influence bone turnover and regeneration in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:997745. [PMID: 36187089 PMCID: PMC9520980 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.997745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamine signaling is known to influence bone tissue as reuptake of norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves into bone cells declines with age leading to osteoporosis. Further, β-adrenoceptor-blockers like propranolol provoke osteoprotective effects in osteoporotic patients. However, besides systemic adrenal and sympathetic catecholamine production, it is also known that myeloid cells can synthesize catecholamines, especially under inflammatory conditions. To investigate the effects of catecholamines produced by CD11b+ myeloid cells on bone turnover and regeneration, a mouse line with specific knockout of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis, in CD11b+ myeloid cells (THflox/flox/CD11b-Cre+, referred to as THCD11b-Cre) was generated. For bone phenotyping, male mice were sacrificed at eight and twelve weeks of age and harvested bones were subjected to bone length measurement, micro-computed tomography, fluorescence-activated cell sorting of the bone marrow, gene expression analysis, histology and immunohistochemistry. Support for an age-dependent influence of myeloid cell-derived catecholamines on bone homeostasis is provided by the fact that twelve-week-old, but not eight-week-old THCD11b-Cre mice, developed an osteopenic phenotype and showed increased numbers of neutrophils and T lymphocytes in the bone marrow, while CCL2, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression was reduced in sorted myeloid bone marrow cells. To investigate the influence of myeloid cell-derived catecholamines on fracture healing, mice received a diaphyseal femur osteotomy. Three days post-fracture, immunohistochemistry revealed an increased number of macrophages, neutrophils and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the fracture hematoma of THCD11b-Cre mice. Micro-computed tomography on day 21 showed a decreased tissue mineral density, a reduced bone volume and less trabeculae in the fracture callus indicating delayed fracture healing, probably due to the increased presence of inflammatory cells in THCD11b-Cre mice. This indicates a crucial role of myeloid cell-derived catecholamines in immune cell-bone cell crosstalk and during fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Kuhn
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, ; Miriam E. A. Tschaffon-Müller,
| | - Elena Kempter
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jean Vacher
- Department of Medicine, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam E. A. Tschaffon-Müller
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, ; Miriam E. A. Tschaffon-Müller,
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17
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Alves Barreto AE, Balera Brito VG, Patrocinio MS, Ballassoni BB, Tfaile Frasnelli SC, Penha Oliveira SH. β1-adrenergic receptor but not β2 mediates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174515. [PMID: 34555397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system regulates bone remodeling via adrenergic receptors on the surface of bone cells. Herein, we evaluated the role of beta-adrenergic receptors (ADRBs) in osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from normotensive (Wistar) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). BMSCs were cultured in a proliferation medium or osteogenic medium (OM). Cells cultured in OM were treated with carvedilol (Cv) or nebivolol (Nb).In OM, cell proliferation was decreased in both strains. In Wistar rats, Cv increased BMSC proliferation and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in OM. Both Cv and Nb decreased ALP activity. In addition, Cv and Nb reduced mineral deposition in Wistar rats. Moreover, NB decreased mineralization in SHRs, exhibiting superior efficacy. In OM, cells from Wistar rats and SHRs showed Adrb1 and Adrb2 expression. On day 7, Nb, but not Cv, reduced Adrb1 levels in BMSCs from Wistar rats. Nb inhibited Adrb2 in both strains, and Cv demonstrated superior efficacy. In BMSCs from Wistar rats, both antagonists inhibited Runx2, osterix, and β-catenin; in SHRs, Cv and Nb inhibited only osterix. Cv decreased osteopontin (Opn), osteocalcin (Ocn), and bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp2) in BMSCs from Wistar rats, inhibiting only Opn in SHRs. Nb effectively inhibited Ocn, bone sialoprotein, and Bmp2, but not Ocn, in BMSCs from Wistar rats, while suppressing Opn in BMSCs from SHRs. In addition, Nb inhibited p-p38 in BMSCs from Wistar rats; Cv inhibited p-p38 in BMSCs from SHRs. In Wistar rats, both antagonists inhibited p-ERK and reduced p-JNK; Cv reduced these expressions only in SHRs. In conclusion, ADRB1, but not ADRB2, could be involved in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs from Wistar rats and SHRs. The high ADRB1 expression might suppress the effect of ADRB2 on BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayná Emanuelli Alves Barreto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis/UNESP, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis/UNESP, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sousa Patrocinio
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Babeto Ballassoni
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Cruz Tfaile Frasnelli
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis/UNESP, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Shi L, Liu Y, Yang Z, Wu T, Lo HT, Xu J, Zhang J, Lin W, Zhang J, Feng L, Li G. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Promotes Fracture Healing in Sympathectomized Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:55-65. [PMID: 33999216 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter played a significant role in modulating bone homeostasis. Our previous study reported an essential role of VIP in in vitro BMSCs osteogenesis and in vivo bone defect repair. VIP was also revealed to have a promoting effect on embryonic skeletal element development. However, the role of VIP in fracture healing is not known yet. We hypothesized that the disorder of sympathetic nervous system impairs bone structure and fracture healing, whereas VIP may rescue the sympathetic inhibition effects and promote fracture healing. We employed a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced sympathectomy mice model (sympathectomized mice), in which successful sympathetic inhibition was confirmed by a decreased level of norephedrine (NE) in the spleen. In the sympathectomized mice, the femoral micro-architecture, bone density and mechanical properties were all impaired compared to the vehicle control mice. The femoral fracture was created in the vehicle or sympathectomized mice. Vehicle mice were locally injected with PBS as a negative control, and the sympathectomized mice were treated with injection of PBS or VIP. VIP expression at the fracture site was significantly decreased in sympathectomized mice. The fracture healing was repressed upon 6-OHDA treatment and rescued by VIP treatment. Micro-CT examination showed that the femoral bone micro-architecture at the fracture sites and mechanical properties were all impaired. Simultaneously, the expression level of osteogenic markers OCN and OPN were reduced in sympathectomized mice compared with vehicle group. While the VIP treatment rescued the repression effects of 6-OHDA on bone remodeling and significantly promoted bone quality and mechanical properties as well as increased osteogenesis marker expression in the sympathectomized mice. VIP administration promoted bone fracture healing by inhibiting bone resorption, making it a putative new alternative treatment strategy for fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, NT, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Trauma Center, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, NT, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, NT, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, NT, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiu Tung Lo
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, NT, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, NT, People's Republic of China
- Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, NT, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, NT, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, NT, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, NT, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 501, Li Ka Shing Medical Sciences Building, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, NT, People's Republic of China.
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Bellinger DL, Wood C, Wergedal JE, Lorton D. Driving β 2- While Suppressing α-Adrenergic Receptor Activity Suppresses Joint Pathology in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628065. [PMID: 34220796 PMCID: PMC8249812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypersympathetic activity is prominent in rheumatoid arthritis, and major life stressors precede onset in ~80% of patients. These findings and others support a link between stress, the sympathetic nervous system and disease onset and progression. Here, we extend previous research by evaluating how selective peripherally acting α/β2-adrenergic drugs affect joint destruction in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Methods Complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory arthritis in male Lewis rats. Controls received no treatment. Arthritic rats then received vehicle or twice-daily treatment with the α-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine (0.5 mg/day) and the β2-adrenergic agonist, terbutaline (1200 µg/day, collectively named SH1293) from day (D) of disease onset (D12) through acute (D21) and severe disease (D28). Disease progression was assessed in the hind limbs using dorsoplantar widths, X-ray analysis, micro-computed tomography, and routine histology on D14, D21, and D28 post-immunization. Results On D21, SH1293 significantly attenuated arthritis in the hind limbs, based on reduced lymphocytic infiltration, preservation of cartilage, and bone volume. Pannus formation and sympathetic nerve loss were not affected by SH1293. Bone area and osteoclast number revealed high- and low-treatment-responding groups. In high-responding rats, treatment with SH1293 significantly preserved bone area and decreased osteoclast number, data that correlated with drug-mediated joint preservation. SH1293 suppressed abnormal bone formation based on reduced production of osteophytes. On D28, the arthritic sparing effects of SH1293 on lymphocytic infiltration, cartilage and bone sparing were maintained at the expense of bone marrow adipocity. However, sympathetic nerves were retracted from the talocrural joint. Conclusion and Significance Our findings support a significant delay in early arthritis progression by treatment with SH1293. Targeting sympathetic neurotransmission may provide a strategy to slow disease progression.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Drug Combinations
- Freund's Adjuvant
- Joints/diagnostic imaging
- Joints/drug effects
- Joints/metabolism
- Joints/pathology
- Male
- Phentolamine/pharmacology
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Terbutaline/pharmacology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L. Bellinger
- Department of Human Anatomy and Pathology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Carlo Wood
- Department of Human Anatomy and Pathology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jon E. Wergedal
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Dianne Lorton
- Hoover Arthritis Research Center, Banner Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States
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20
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Wan Q, Qin W, Ma Y, Shen M, Li J, Zhang Z, Chen J, Tay FR, Niu L, Jiao K. Crosstalk between Bone and Nerves within Bone. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003390. [PMID: 33854888 PMCID: PMC8025013 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
For the past two decades, the function of intrabony nerves on bone has been a subject of intense research, while the function of bone on intrabony nerves is still hidden in the corner. In the present review, the possible crosstalk between bone and intrabony peripheral nerves will be comprehensively analyzed. Peripheral nerves participate in bone development and repair via a host of signals generated through the secretion of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, axon guidance factors and neurotrophins, with additional contribution from nerve-resident cells. In return, bone contributes to this microenvironmental rendezvous by housing the nerves within its internal milieu to provide mechanical support and a protective shelf. A large ensemble of chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues works in harmony with bone marrow stromal cells in the regulation of intrabony nerves. The crosstalk between bone and nerves is not limited to the physiological state, but also involved in various bone diseases including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, psychological stress-related bone abnormalities, and bone related tumors. This crosstalk may be harnessed in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds for repair of bone defects or be targeted for treatment of diseases related to bone and peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian‐Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Wen‐Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Yu‐Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Min‐Juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Zi‐Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Ji‐Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- College of Graduate StudiesAugusta UniversityAugustaGA30912USA
| | - Li‐Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
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21
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Sohn R, Rösch G, Junker M, Meurer A, Zaucke F, Jenei-Lanzl Z. Adrenergic signalling in osteoarthritis. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109948. [PMID: 33571663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adrenoceptors (ARs) mediate the effects of the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) in the human body and play a central role in physiologic and pathologic processes. Therefore, ARs have long been recognized as targets for therapeutic agents, especially in the field of cardiovascular medicine. During the past decades, the contribution of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and particularly of its major peripheral catecholamine NE to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) attracted growing interest. OA is the most common degenerative joint disorder worldwide and a disease of the whole joint. It is characterized by progressive degradation of articular cartilage, synovial inflammation, osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone sclerosis mostly resulting in chronic pain. The subchondral bone marrow, the periosteum, the synovium, the vascular meniscus and numerous tendons and ligaments are innervated by tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) sympathetic nerve fibers that release NE into the synovial fluid and cells of all abovementioned joint tissues express at least one out of nine AR subtypes. During the past decades, several in vitro studies explored the AR-mediated effects of NE on different cell types in the joint. So far, only a few studies used animal OA models to investigate the contribution of distinct AR subtypes to OA pathogenesis in vivo. This narrative review shortly summarizes the current background knowledge about ARs and their signalling pathways at first. In the second part, we focus on recent findings in the field of NE-induced AR-mediated signalling in different joint tissues during OA pathogenesis and at the end, we will delineate the potential of targeting the adrenergic signalling for OA prevention or treatment. We used the PubMed bibliographic database to search for keywords such as 'joint' or 'cartilage' or 'synovium' or 'bone' and 'osteoarthritis' and/or 'trauma' and 'sympathetic nerve fibers' and/or 'norepinephrine' and 'adrenergic receptors / adrenoceptors' as well as 'adrenergic therapy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sohn
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany
| | - Gundula Rösch
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany
| | - Marius Junker
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Meurer
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany
| | - Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany.
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22
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Conceição F, Sousa DM, Paredes J, Lamghari M. Sympathetic activity in breast cancer and metastasis: partners in crime. Bone Res 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33547275 PMCID: PMC7864971 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of patients with advanced breast cancer present skeletal complications that severely compromise their quality of life. Breast cancer cells are characterized by a strong tropism to the bone niche. After engraftment and colonization of bone, breast cancer cells interact with native bone cells to hinder the normal bone remodeling process and establish an osteolytic "metastatic vicious cycle". The sympathetic nervous system has emerged in recent years as an important modulator of breast cancer progression and metastasis, potentiating and accelerating the onset of the vicious cycle and leading to extensive bone degradation. Furthermore, sympathetic neurotransmitters and their cognate receptors have been shown to promote several hallmarks of breast cancer, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, immune escape, and invasion of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we assembled the current knowledge concerning the complex interactions that take place in the tumor microenvironment, with a special emphasis on sympathetic modulation of breast cancer cells and stromal cells. Notably, the differential action of epinephrine and norepinephrine, through either α- or β-adrenergic receptors, on breast cancer progression prompts careful consideration when designing new therapeutic options. In addition, the contribution of sympathetic innervation to the formation of bone metastatic foci is highlighted. In particular, we address the remarkable ability of adrenergic signaling to condition the native bone remodeling process and modulate the bone vasculature, driving breast cancer cell engraftment in the bone niche. Finally, clinical perspectives and developments on the use of β-adrenergic receptor inhibitors for breast cancer management and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Conceição
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M. Sousa
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226FMUP—Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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23
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Tong X, Ganta RR, Liu Z. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates autophagy, inflammation and immunity and contributes to osteoclast differentiation and functionabs. Biol Cell 2020; 112:251-264. [PMID: 32445585 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells, responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclast differentiation and function requires a series of cytokines to remove the old bone, which coordinates with the induction of bone remodelling by osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Studies have demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) play a negative regulatory role in osteoclast differentiation and function. Research involving AMPK, a nutrient and energy sensor, has primarily focused on osteoclast differentiation and function; thus, its role in autophagy, inflammation and immunity remains poorly understood. Autophagy is a conservative homoeostatic mechanism of eukaryotic cells, and response to osteoclast differentiation and function; however, how it interacts with inflammation remains unclear. Additionally, based on the regulatory function of different AMPK subunits for osteoclast differentiation and function, its activation is regulated by upstream factors to perform bone metabolism. This review summarises the critical role of AMPK-mediated autophagy, inflammation and immunity by upstream and downstream signalling during receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation and function. This pathway may provide therapeutic targets for bone-related diseases, as well as function as a biomarker for bone homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishuai Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66502, USA.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Roman R Ganta
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66502, USA
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
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24
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Chen CH, Kuo SM, Tien YC, Shen PC, Kuo YW, Huang HH. Steady Augmentation of Anti-Osteoarthritic Actions of Rapamycin by Liposome-Encapsulation in Collaboration with Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:3771-3790. [PMID: 32547027 PMCID: PMC7266395 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s252223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rapamycin has been considered as a potential treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). Drug carriers fabricated from liposomes can prolong the effects of drugs and reduce side effects of drugs. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been found to possess anti-OA effects. Materials and Methods The anti-osteoarthritic effects of liposome-encapsulated rapamycin (L-rapa) combined with LIPUS were examined by culture of normal and OA chondrocytes in alginate beads and further validated in OA prone Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs. Results L-rapa with LIPUS largely up-regulated aggrecan and type II collagen mRNA in human OA chondrocytes (HOACs). L-rapa with LIPUS caused significant enhancement in proteoglycan and type II collagen production in HOACs. Large decreases in both MMP-13 and IL-6 proteins were found in the HOACs exposed to L-rapa with LIPUS. Intra-articular injection of 40 μL L-rapa at both 5 μM and 50 μM twice a week combined with LIPUS thrice a week for 8 weeks significantly increased GAGs and type II collagen in the cartilage of knee. Results on OARSI score showed that intra-articular injection of 5 μM L-rapa with LIPUS displayed the greatest anti-OA effects. Immunohistochemistry revealed that L-rapa with or without LIPUS predominantly reduced MMP-13 in vivo. The values of complete blood count and serum biochemical examinations remained in the normal ranges after the injections with or without LIPUS. These data indicated that intra-articular injection of L-rapa collaborated with LIPUS is not only effective against OA but a safe OA therapy. Conclusion Taken together, L-rapa combined with LIPUS possessed the most consistently and effectively anabolic and anti-catabolic effects in HOACs and the spontaneous OA guinea pigs. This study evidently revealed that liposome-encapsulation collaborated with LIPUS is able to reduce the effective dose and administration frequency of rapamycin and further stably reinforce its therapeutic actions against OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hwan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shyh Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chun Tien
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chih Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Kuo
- Orthopedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Han Hsiang Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60054, Taiwan
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25
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Impact of the Sensory and Sympathetic Nervous System on Fracture Healing in Ovariectomized Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020405. [PMID: 31936403 PMCID: PMC7013559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system modulates bone repair under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Previously, we reported an essential role for sensory neuropeptide substance P (SP) and sympathetic nerve fibers (SNF) for proper fracture healing and bone structure in a murine tibial fracture model. A similar distortion of bone microarchitecture has been described for mice lacking the sensory neuropeptide α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP). Here, we hypothesize that loss of SP, α-CGRP, and SNF modulates inflammatory and pain-related processes and also affects bone regeneration during fracture healing under postmenopausal conditions. Intramedullary fixed femoral fractures were set to 28 days after bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) in female wild type (WT), SP-, α-CGRP-deficient, and sympathectomized (SYX) mice. Locomotion, paw withdrawal threshold, fracture callus maturation and numbers of TRAP-, CD4-, CD8-, F4/80-, iNos-, and Arg1-positive cells within the callus were analyzed. Nightly locomotion was reduced in unfractured SP-deficient and SYX mice after fracture. Resistance to pressure was increased for the fractured leg in SP-deficient mice during the later stages of fracture healing, but was decreased in α-CGRP-deficient mice. Hypertrophic cartilage area was increased nine days after fracture in SP-deficient mice. Bony callus maturation was delayed in SYX mice during the later healing stages. In addition, the number of CD 4-positive cells was reduced after five days and the number of CD 8-positive cells was additionally reduced after 21 days in SYX mice. The number of Arg1-positive M2 macrophages was higher in α-CGRP-deficient mice five days after fracture. The alkaline phosphatase level was increased in SYX mice 16 days after fracture. Absence of α-CGRP appears to promote M2 macrophage polarization and reduces the pain threshold, but has no effect on callus tissue maturation. Absence of SP reduces locomotion, increases the pain-threshold, and accelerates hypertrophic callus tissue remodeling. Destruction of SNF reduces locomotion after fracture and influences bony callus tissue remodeling during the later stages of fracture repair, whereas pain-related processes are not affected.
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26
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Brazill JM, Beeve AT, Craft CS, Ivanusic JJ, Scheller EL. Nerves in Bone: Evolving Concepts in Pain and Anabolism. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1393-1406. [PMID: 31247122 PMCID: PMC6697229 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The innervation of bone has been described for centuries, and our understanding of its function has rapidly evolved over the past several decades to encompass roles of subtype-specific neurons in skeletal homeostasis. Current research has been largely focused on the distribution and function of specific neuronal populations within bone, as well as their cellular and molecular relationships with target cells in the bone microenvironment. This review provides a historical perspective of the field of skeletal neurobiology that highlights the diverse yet interconnected nature of nerves and skeletal health, particularly in the context of bone anabolism and pain. We explore what is known regarding the neuronal subtypes found in the skeleton, their distribution within bone compartments, and their central projection pathways. This neuroskeletal map then serves as a foundation for a comprehensive discussion of the neural control of skeletal development, homeostasis, repair, and bone pain. Active synthesis of this research recently led to the first biotherapeutic success story in the field. Specifically, the ongoing clinical trials of anti-nerve growth factor therapeutics have been optimized to titrated doses that effectively alleviate pain while maintaining bone and joint health. Continued collaborations between neuroscientists and bone biologists are needed to build on this progress, leading to a more complete understanding of neural regulation of the skeleton and development of novel therapeutics. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Brazill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alec T Beeve
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason J Ivanusic
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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27
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Abstract
It is from the discovery of leptin and the central nervous system as a regulator of bone remodeling that the presence of autonomic nerves within the skeleton transitioned from a mere histological observation to the mechanism whereby neurons of the central nervous system communicate with cells of the bone microenvironment and regulate bone homeostasis. This shift in paradigm sparked new preclinical and clinical investigations aimed at defining the contribution of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves to the process of bone development, bone mass accrual, bone remodeling, and cancer metastasis. The aim of this article is to review the data that led to the current understanding of the interactions between the autonomic and skeletal systems and to present a critical appraisal of the literature, bringing forth a schema that can put into physiological and clinical context the main genetic and pharmacological observations pointing to the existence of an autonomic control of skeletal homeostasis. The different types of nerves found in the skeleton, their functional interactions with bone cells, their impact on bone development, bone mass accrual and remodeling, and the possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Skeletal Medicine and Biology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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Qiao Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Jiang F, Huang T, Chen L, Lan J, Yang C, Guo Y, Yan S, Wei Z, Li J. The role of nervous system in adaptive response of bone to mechanical loading. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7771-7780. [PMID: 30414185 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue is remodeled through the catabolic function of the osteoclasts and the anabolic function of the osteoblasts. The process of bone homeostasis and metabolism has been identified to be co-ordinated with several local and systemic factors, of which mechanical stimulation acts as an important regulator. Very recent studies have shown a mutual effect between bone and other organs, which means bone influences the activity of other organs and is also influenced by other organs and systems of the body, especially the nervous system. With the discovery of neuropeptide (calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, and neuropeptide Y) and neurotransmitter in bone and the adrenergic receptor observed in osteoclasts and osteoblasts, the function of peripheral nervous system including sympathetic and sensor nerves in bone resorption and its reaction to on osteoclasts and osteoblasts under mechanical stimulus cannot be ignored. Taken together, bone tissue is not only the mechanical transmitter, but as well the receptor of neural system under mechanical loading. This review aims to summarize the relationship among bone, nervous system, and mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Qiao
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Oral Radiology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Yimei Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Fulin Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Tu Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Liujing Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxiang Lan
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Cai Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanyu Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhangming Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
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Morinaga K, Sasaki H, Park S, Hokugo A, Okawa H, Tahara Y, Colwell CS, Nishimura I. Neuronal PAS domain 2 (Npas2) facilitated osseointegration of titanium implant with rough surface through a neuroskeletal mechanism. Biomaterials 2018; 192:62-74. [PMID: 30428407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) biomaterials have been applied to a wide range of implantable medical devices. When placed in bone marrow, Ti-biomaterials integrate to the surrounding bone tissue by mechanisms that are not fully understood. We have previously identified an unexpected upregulation of circadian clock molecule neuronal PAS domain 2 (Npas2) in successfully integrated implant with a rough surface. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of osseointegration through determining the role of Npas2. Human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) that were cultured on a Ti disc with SLA surface exhibited increased NPAS2 expression compared to BMSC cultured on a machined surface. A mouse model was developed in which miniature Ti implants were surgically placed into femur bone marrow. The implant push-out test and bone-to-implant contact measurements demonstrated the establishment of osseointegration in 3 weeks. By contrast, in Npas2 functional knockout (KO) mice, the implant push-out value measured for SLA surface Ti implant was significantly decreased. Npas2 KO mice demonstrated normal femur bone structure surrounding the Ti implant; however, the recovered implants revealed abnormal remnant mineralized tissue, which lacked dense collagen architecture typically found on recovered implants from wild type mice. To explore the mechanisms leading to the induced Npas2 expression, an unbiased chemical genetics analysis was conducted using mouse BMSC carrying an Npas2-reporter gene for high throughput screening of Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds. Npas2 modulating compounds were found clustered in regulatory networks of the α2-adrenergic receptor and its downstream cAMP/CREB signaling pathway. Mouse primary BMSC exposed to SLA Ti disc significantly increased the expression of α2-adrenergic receptors, but the expression of β2-adrenergic receptor was unaffected. Our data provides the first evidence that peripheral clock gene component Npas2 plays a role in facilitating the enhanced osseointegration through neuroskeletal regulatory pathways induced by BMSC in contact with rough surface Ti implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Morinaga
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Section of Oral Implantology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hodaka Sasaki
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sil Park
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Effect of Zuoguiwan on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats through RANKL/OPG pathway mediated by β2AR. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1052-1060. [PMID: 29710663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The deficiency of kidney Yin is the main pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) according to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Zuoguiwan (ZGW) is among the classical prescriptions in TCM and has been applied to various diseases that are due to deficiency of kidney Yin, including osteoporosis, fractures, menopausal syndromes. However, the underlying mechanism of ZGW in treating PMOP remains poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY ZGW, a traditional Chinese prescription, has been used to nourish Yin and reinforce the kidney since ancient times. The investigation aimed to explore the mechanism of ZGW via the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling pathway as mediated by the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in an osteoporosis rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS An osteoporosis model induced by ovariectomy was established in rats. A total of 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into bilateral ovariectomy group (OVX), sham operated group (Sham), 17β-estradiol-treated positive group (E2, 25 μg/kg/d), ZGW low-dose group (ZGW-L, 2.3 g/kg/d lyophilized powder) and ZGW high-dose group (ZGW-H, 4.6 g/kg/d lyophilized powder). The serum markers of bone turnover were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The morphological structure changes in bones were detected through H&E staining. Local bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone microarchitecture of the right distal femur were measured and evaluated by using micro-CT. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expressions levels of β2AR, OPG and RANKL were measured by qPCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Compared with the OVX group, ZGW groups showed significantly reduced levels of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) and β-cross-linked c-telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) (P < 0.01), increased levels of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) (P < 0.01) and OPG (P < 0.05), prevention of OVX-induced bone loss, and improved microarchitecture of the trabecular bone of distal femur. Moreover, ZGW mediated the osteoporosis syndrome by reducing the empty bone lacunae, promoting the ordered arrangement of trabeculae structure, and increasing the trabeculae structure thickness. Furthermore, in ZGW groups, the protein expression of OPG in the tibia was notably up-regulated (P < 0.01), whereas the mRNA and protein expression of β2AR in the hippocampus (P < 0.01), and the protein expressions levels of β2AR (P < 0.01) and RANKL (P < 0.05) in the tibia were down-regulated compared with OVX group. CONCLUSIONS ZGW through its protective effects, stimulates bone formation and suppresses bone resorption. The underlying mechanism of ZGW in improving perimenopausal syndrome and increasing bone mass might be attributed to the regulation of RANKL/OPG, as mediated by β2AR. Therefore, ZGW may be used as an alternative treatment for PMOP.
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31
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Martins GM, Teixeira MBCG, Silva MV, Neofiti-Papi B, Miranda-Rodrigues M, Brum PC, Gouveia CHA. Global Disruption of α2A Adrenoceptor Barely Affects Bone Tissue but Minimizes the Detrimental Effects of Thyrotoxicosis on Cortical Bone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:486. [PMID: 30233491 PMCID: PMC6127616 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation inhibits bone formation and activates bone resorption leading to bone loss. Because thyroid hormone (TH) interacts with the SNS to control several physiological processes, we raised the hypothesis that this interaction also controls bone remodeling. We have previously shown that mice with double-gene inactivation of α2A- and -adrenoceptors (α2A/2C-AR-/-) present high bone mass (HBM) phenotype and resistance to thyrotoxicosis-induced osteopenia, which supports a TH-SNS interaction to control bone mass and suggests that it involves α2-AR signaling. Accordingly, we detected expression of α2A-AR, α2B-AR and α2C-AR in the skeleton, and that triiodothyronine (T3) modulates α2C-AR mRNA expression in the bone. Later, we found that mice with single-gene inactivation of α2C-AR (α2C-AR-/-) present low bone mass in the femur and HBM in the vertebra, but that both skeletal sites are resistant to TH-induce osteopenia, showing that the SNS actions occur in a skeletal site-dependent manner, and that thyrotoxicosis depends on α2C-AR signaling to promote bone loss. To further dissect the specific roles of α2-AR subtypes, in this study, we evaluated the skeletal phenotype of mice with single-gene inactivation of α2A-AR (α2A-AR-/-), and the effect of daily treatment with a supraphysiological dose of T3, for 4 or 12 weeks, on bone microarchitecture and bone resistance to fracture. Micro-computed tomographic (μCT) analysis revealed normal trabecular and cortical bone structure in the femur and vertebra of euthyroid α2A-AR-/- mice. Thyrotoxicosis was more detrimental to femoral trabecular bone in α2A-AR-/- than in WT mice, whereas this bone compartment had been previously shown to present resistance to thyrotoxicosis in α2C-AR-/- mice. Altogether these findings reveal that TH excess depends on α2C-AR signaling to negatively affect femoral trabecular bone. In contrast, thyrotoxicosis was more deleterious to femoral and vertebral cortical bone in WT than in α2A-AR-/- mice, suggesting that α2A-AR signaling contributes to TH actions on cortical bone. These findings further support a TH-SNS interaction to control bone physiology, and suggest that α2A-AR and α2C-AR signaling pathways have key roles in the mechanisms through which thyrotoxicosis promotes its detrimental effects on bone remodeling, structure and resistance to fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele M. Martins
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos V. Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Bianca Neofiti-Papi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela Miranda-Rodrigues
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia H. A. Gouveia
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cecilia H. A. Gouveia
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Courties A, Sellam J, Berenbaum F. Role of the autonomic nervous system in osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 31:661-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Decker AM, Jung Y, Cackowski FC, Yumoto K, Wang J, Taichman RS. Sympathetic Signaling Reactivates Quiescent Disseminated Prostate Cancer Cells in the Bone Marrow. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1644-1655. [PMID: 28814453 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical observations have identified an association between psychologic stress and cancer relapse, suggesting that the sympathetic nervous system/norepinephrine (NE) plays a role in reactivation of dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in the bone marrow niche. Here, the mechanism by which NE regulates prostate cancer DTCs in the marrow is explored. NE directly stimulated prostate cancer cell proliferation through β2-adrenergic receptors (ADRB2). NE also altered prostate cancer proliferation in the marrow niche by indirectly downregulating the secretion of the dormancy inducing molecule growth arrest specific-6 (GAS6) expressed by osteoblasts. These observations were confirmed in cocultures of prostate cancer cells expressing the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle reporters (FUCCI) and osteoblasts isolated from GAS6-deficient (GAS6-/-) animals. A novel ex vivo model system, using femurs harvested from GAS6+/+ or GAS6-/- mice, was used to confirm these results. As in coculture, when prostate cancer cells were injected into the marrow cavities of GAS6+/+ femurs, NE altered the prostate cancer cell cycle. However, NE had less of an impact on prostate cancer cells in femur explants isolated from GAS6-/- mice. Together, this study demonstrates that NE reactivates prostate cancer cell cycling through both a direct action on prostate cancer cells and indirectly on adjacent niche cells.Implications: Identification of mechanisms that target DTCs may provide novel therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat cancer metastases more effectively. Mol Cancer Res; 15(12); 1644-55. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Frank C Cackowski
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jingchen Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Russel S Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Fukuta H, Mitsui R, Takano H, Hashitani H. Contractile properties of periosteal arterioles in the guinea-pig tibia. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1203-1213. [PMID: 28466243 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The periosteal arterioles of the compact bone may play a critical role in bone growth. To explore the contractile properties of tibial arterioles, spontaneous and nerve-evoked constrictions were compared in preparations from 3-week-old and 1-year-old guinea-pigs. Changes in arteriole diameters were measured using video microscopy. Their innervation was investigated using fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Fifty per cent and 40% of tibial arterioles from 3-week-old and 1-year-old guinea-pigs, respectively, exhibited spontaneous phasic constrictions that were inhibited by 1 μM nifedipine, 10 μM cyclopiazonic acid or 100 μM 2-APB. Nerve-evoked phasic constrictions in both age groups were largely suppressed by phentolamine (1 μM), an α-adrenoceptor antagonist, or sympathetic neurotransmitter depletion using guanethidine (10 μM) but were enhanced by spanttide (1 μM), a substance P receptor antagonist, or L-nitro arginine (L-NA; 100 μM), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Nerve-evoked constrictions in 1-year-old animals were smaller than those in younger animals but greatly enhanced by L-NA. Immunohistochemistry revealed sympathetic and substance P-positive primary afferent nerves running along the arterioles as well as endothelial NOS expression in both age groups. Spontaneous arteriolar constrictions appear to rely on both Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels. Noradrenaline released from sympathetic nerves triggers arteriolar constriction, while substance P released from primary afferent nerves dilates the arterioles by releasing nitric oxide (NO), presumably from the endothelium. Thus, the enhanced endothelial NO release in adult guinea-pigs may be important to increase the blood supply to meet the increased metabolic demands during bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Fukuta
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Retsu Mitsui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Takano
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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Grässel S, Muschter D. Peripheral Nerve Fibers and Their Neurotransmitters in Osteoarthritis Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050931. [PMID: 28452955 PMCID: PMC5454844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the nociceptive nervous system for maintaining tissue homeostasis has been known for some time, and it has also been suggested that organogenesis and tissue repair are under neuronal control. Changes in peripheral joint innervation are supposed to be partly responsible for degenerative alterations in joint tissues which contribute to development of osteoarthritis. Various resident cell types of the musculoskeletal system express receptors for sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters, allowing response to peripheral neuronal stimuli. Among them are mesenchymal stem cells, synovial fibroblasts, bone cells and chondrocytes of different origin, which express distinct subtypes of adrenoceptors (AR), receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Some of these cell types synthesize and secrete neuropeptides such as SP, and they are positive for tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of catecholamines. Sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters are involved in the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which manifests mainly in the joints. In addition, they seem to play a role in pathogenesis of priori degenerative joint disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA). Altogether it is evident that sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters have crucial trophic effects which are critical for joint tissue and bone homeostasis. They modulate articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial tissue properties in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, in addition to their classical neurological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Exp. Orthopedics, ZMB/Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Dominique Muschter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Exp. Orthopedics, ZMB/Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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36
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Teong B, Kuo SM, Tsai WH, Ho ML, Chen CH, Huang HH. Liposomal Encapsulation for Systemic Delivery of Propranolol via Transdermal Iontophoresis Improves Bone Microarchitecture in Ovariectomized Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040822. [PMID: 28406442 PMCID: PMC5412406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stimulatory effects of liposomal propranolol (PRP) on proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblastic cells suggested that the prepared liposomes-encapsulated PRP exerts anabolic effects on bone in vivo. Iontophoresis provides merits such as sustained release of drugs and circumvention of first pass metabolism. This study further investigated and evaluated the anti-osteoporotic effects of liposomal PRP in ovariectomized (OVX) rats via iontophoresis. Rats subjected to OVX were administered with pure or liposomal PRP via iontophoresis or subcutaneous injection twice a week for 12 weeks. Changes in the microarchitecture at the proximal tibia and the fourth lumbar spine were assessed between pure or liposomal PRP treated and non-treated groups using micro-computed tomography. Administration of liposomal PRP at low dose (0.05 mg/kg) via iontophoresis over 2-fold elevated ratio between bone volume and total tissue volume (BV/TV) in proximal tibia to 9.0% whereas treatment with liposomal PRP at low and high (0.5 mg/kg) doses via subcutaneous injection resulted in smaller increases in BV/TV. Significant improvement of BV/TV and bone mineral density (BMD) was also found in the fourth lumbar spine when low-dose liposomal PRP was iontophoretically administered. Iontophoretic low-dose liposomal PRP also elevated trabecular numbers in tibia and trabecular thickness in spine. Enhancement of bone microarchitecture volumes has highlighted that liposomal formulation with transdermal iontophoresis is promising for PRP treatment at the lower dose and with longer duration than its clinical therapeutic range and duration to exhibit optimal effects against bone loss in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Teong
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Hsin Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60054, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ling Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80145, Taiwan.
| | - Han Hsiang Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60054, Taiwan.
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Kodama D, Hirai T, Kondo H, Hamamura K, Togari A. Bidirectional communication between sensory neurons and osteoblasts in an in vitro coculture system. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:527-539. [PMID: 28094440 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the sensory nervous system is involved in bone metabolism. However, the mechanism of communication between neurons and osteoblasts is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways between sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells using an in vitro coculture system. Our findings indicate that signal transduction from DRG-derived neurons to MC3T3-E1 cells is suppressed by antagonists of the AMPA receptor and the NK1 receptor. Conversely, signal transduction from MC3T3-E1 cells to DRG-derived neurons is suppressed by a P2X7 receptor antagonist. Our results suggest that these cells communicate with each other by exocytosis of glutamate, substance P in the efferent signal, and ATP in the afferent signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kodama
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takao Hirai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akifumi Togari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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38
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Erndt-Marino JD, Hahn MS. Probing the response of human osteoblasts following exposure to sympathetic neuron-like PC-12 cells in a 3D coculture model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:984-990. [PMID: 27860234 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the capacity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to regulate bone homeostasis has implications for a number of metabolic diseases and may help establish connections between certain neurological conditions and bone quality. The goal of the present work was to gain a deeper understanding of the influence of the SNS on the phenotype of osteoblasts, a major cell type in bone. An in vitro coculture model with human osteoblasts and sympathetic-like, neuroendocrine pheochromocytoma-12 (PC-12) cells encapsulated within separate 3D poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels was utilized to assess markers involved with bone ECM formation and osteoclast formation. In terms of bone ECM proteins, only osteopontin (OPN) was significantly increased in osteoblasts exposed to PC-12 cells relative to osteoblast mono-culture controls. In contrast, all bone resorption markers investigated (IL-6, TNF, IL-1β, VEGF-A) were enhanced at the gene level and the ratio of osteoprotegerin (OPG) to RANKL was significantly decreased in osteoblasts exposed to PC-12 cells. Cumulatively, these data indicate that the SNS may substantially influence bone resorption. Because of the context-dependent nature of the SNS, future studies will characterize the secretion profile of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides from the PC-12 cells in our model. Additionally, various SNS modulating pharmacologic agents will be examined for their capacity to reduce expression of bone resorption/inflammatory markers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 984-990, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh D Erndt-Marino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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Wongdee K, Krishnamra N, Charoenphandhu N. Derangement of calcium metabolism in diabetes mellitus: negative outcome from the synergy between impaired bone turnover and intestinal calcium absorption. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:71-81. [PMID: 27671701 PMCID: PMC10717635 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Both types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) are associated with profound deterioration of calcium and bone metabolism, partly from impaired intestinal calcium absorption, leading to a reduction in calcium uptake into the body. T1DM is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis, whereas the skeletal changes in T2DM are variable, ranging from normal to increased and to decreased BMD. However, both types of DM eventually compromise bone quality through production of advanced glycation end products and misalignment of collagen fibrils (so-called matrix failure), thereby culminating in a reduction of bone strength. The underlying cellular mechanisms (cellular failure) are related to suppression of osteoblast-induced bone formation and bone calcium accretion, as well as to enhancement of osteoclast-induced bone resorption. Several other T2DM-related pathophysiological changes, e.g., osteoblast insulin resistance, impaired productions of osteogenic growth factors (particularly insulin-like growth factor 1 and bone morphogenetic proteins), overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, also aggravate diabetic osteopathy. In the kidney, DM and the resultant hyperglycemia lead to calciuresis and hypercalciuria in both humans and rodents. Furthermore, DM causes deranged functions of endocrine factors related to mineral metabolism, e.g., parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and fibroblast growth factor-23. Despite the wealth of information regarding impaired bone remodeling in DM, the long-lasting effects of DM on calcium metabolism in young growing individuals, pregnant women, and neonates born to women with gestational DM have received scant attention, and their underlying mechanisms are almost unknown and worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannikar Wongdee
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Nateetip Krishnamra
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Osteoprotegerin and β 2-Agonists Mitigate Muscular Dystrophy in Slow- and Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscles. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:498-504. [PMID: 28041995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Our recent work showed that daily injections of osteoprotegerin (OPG)-immunoglobulin fragment complex (OPG-Fc) completely restore the function of fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles in dystrophic mdx mice, a murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, despite marked improvements, OPG-Fc was not as effective in preventing the loss of function of slow-twitch soleus and diaphragm muscles. Because β2-agonists enhance the function of slow- and fast-twitch dystrophic muscles and because their use is limited by their adverse effects on bone and cardiac tissues, we hypothesized that OPG-Fc, a bone and skeletal muscle protector, acts synergistically with β2-agonists and potentiates their positive effects on skeletal muscles. We observed that the content of β2-adrenergic receptors, which are mainly expressed in skeletal muscle, is significantly reduced in dystrophic muscles but is rescued by the injection of OPG-Fc. Most important, OPG-Fc combined with a low dose of formoterol, a member of a new generation of β2-agonists, histologically and functionally rescued slow-twitch dystrophic muscles. This combination of therapeutic agents, which have already been tested and approved for human use, may open up new therapeutic avenues for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and possibly other neuromuscular diseases.
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41
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Chen D, Wang Z. Adrenaline inhibits osteogenesis via repressing miR-21 expression. Cell Biol Int 2016; 41:8-15. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danying Chen
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration; 399 Yanchang Road Shanghai 200072 PR China
| | - Zuolin Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration; 399 Yanchang Road Shanghai 200072 PR China
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42
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Huang HH, Kuo SM, Wu YJ, Su JH. Improvement and enhancement of antibladder carcinoma cell effects of heteronemin by the nanosized hyaluronan aggregation. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1237-51. [PMID: 27099489 PMCID: PMC4820188 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s99911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects against tumors exerted by marine active compounds have been highlighted and investigated. Polymeric nanoparticles made from biodegradable and biocompatible molecules such as hyaluronan (HA) and chitosan (CHI) are able to aggregate the compounds to enhance their activities against tumor cells and reduce the toxicity on normal cells. Here, we extensively examined the antitumor activities and the mechanisms of HA/CHI nanoparticles-aggregated heteronemin (HET) extracted from the sponge Hippospongia sp. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of pure HET toward T24 bladder carcinoma cells is ~0.28 µg/mL. Pure HET from 0.2 to 0.8 µg/mL and HA nanoparticles-aggregated HET at 0.1 and 0.2 µg/mL significantly reduced T24 cell viability. Compared to pure HET, HA nanoparticles/HET aggregates showed much weaker viability-inhibitory effects on L929 normal fibroblasts. HET dose-dependently suppressed cancer cell migration as HA/CHI nanoparticles-aggregated HET displayed stronger migration-inhibitory effects than pure HET. Flow cytometric analysis showed that pure HET increased early/total apoptosis and JC-1 monomer fluorescence, while HA/CHI nanoparticles-aggregated HET induced higher apoptosis and JC-1 monomer rates than pure HET, suggesting that aggregation of HA nanoparticles offers HET stronger apoptosis-inducing capacity through mitochondrial depolarization. Western blot analysis showed that HA nanoparticles-aggregated HET further increased mitochondrial-associated, caspase-dependent and caspase-independent, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factors in comparison with pure HET. These data indicated that pure HET possesses cytotoxic, antimigratory, and apoptosis-inducing effects on bladder cancer cells in vitro, and its induction of apoptosis in bladder carcinoma cells is mainly caspase dependent. Moreover, HA nanoparticle aggregation reinforced the cytotoxic, antimigratory, and apoptosis-inducing activities against bladder carcinoma cells and attenuated the viability-inhibitory effects on normal fibroblasts. This aggregation reinforces antibladder carcinoma effects of HET via diverse routes, including mitochondrial-related/caspase-dependent, caspase-independent, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathways. The current data also strongly suggested that HA/CHI nanoparticles-aggregated HET would be a potential treatment for urothelial cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hsiang Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Shyh Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Tanaka K, Hirai T, Kodama D, Kondo H, Hamamura K, Togari A. α1B -Adrenoceptor signalling regulates bone formation through the up-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ expression in osteoblasts. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1058-69. [PMID: 26750808 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The sympathetic nervous system regulates bone remodelling, in part, through ß2 -adrenoceptor signalling. However, the physiological role of α1 -adrenoceptor signalling in bone in vivo remains unclear. Therefore, to obtain a deeper understanding of bone remodelling by the sympathetic nervous system, we investigated the role of α1B -adrenoceptor signalling in bone metabolism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Prazosin, a nonspecific α1 -adrenoceptor antagonist, was administered for 2 weeks in C57BL6 mice, and efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomography and determination of bone formation by fluorescent labelling of bone. We also compared the bone phenotype of α1B -adrenoceptor null mice (α1B (-/-) ) with that of wild-type littermates. KEY RESULTS We demonstrated that the systemic administration of prazosin decreased bone formation. In addition, α1B -adrenoceptor-deficient mice had a lower bone mass due to decreased bone formation but did not exhibit any changes in bone-resorbing activity. Furthermore, stimulation with phenylephrine, a non-specific α1 -adrenoceptor agonist, increased the expression of the transcriptional factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (Cebpd) in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. The overexpression of Cebpd induced cellular proliferation in MC3T3-E1 cells, whereas the silencing of Cebpd suppressed it. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these results suggested that α1B -adrenoceptor signalling is required for bone formation and regulated cellular proliferation through a mechanism relevant to the up-regulation of Cebpd in osteoblasts and, thus, provide new evidence for the physiological importance of α1B -adrenoceptor signalling in bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takao Hirai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kodama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Akifumi Togari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
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Sun F, Yang XJ, Lv HY, Tang YB, An SM, Ding XP, Li WB, Teng L, Shen Y, Chen HZ, Zhu L. β2-Adrenoreceptor-Mediated Proliferation Inhibition of Embryonic Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2640-6. [PMID: 25639860 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adrenoreceptors (ARs) are widely expressed and play essential roles throughout the body. Different subtype adrenoceptors elicit distinct effects on cell proliferation, but knowledge remains scarce about the subtype-specific effects of β2-ARs on the proliferation of embryonic pluripotent stem (PS) cells that represent different characteristics of proliferation and cell cycle regulation with the somatic cells. Herein, we identified a β2-AR/AC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in embryonic PS cells and found that the pathway stimulation inhibited proliferation and cell cycle progression involving modulating the stem cell growth and cycle regulatory machinery. Embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonal carcinoma stem (ECS) cells expressed functional β-ARs coupled to AC/cAMP/PKA signaling. Agonistic activation of β-ARs led to embryonic PS cell cycle arrest and proliferation inhibition. Pharmacological and genetic analyzes using receptor subtype blocking and RNA interference approaches revealed that this effect selectively depended on β2-AR signaling involving the regulation of AKT, ERK, Rb, and Cyclin E molecules. Better understanding of the effects of β2-ARs on embryonic PS cell proliferation and cycle progression may provide new insights into stem cell biology and afford the opportunity for exploiting more selective ligands targeting the receptor subtype for the modulation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Yu Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Bin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Min An
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Ping Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Teng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hirai T, Tanaka K, Togari A. α1B-Adrenergic receptor signaling controls circadian expression of Tnfrsf11b by regulating clock genes in osteoblasts. Biol Open 2015; 4:1400-9. [PMID: 26453621 PMCID: PMC4728343 DOI: 10.1242/bio.012617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are endogenous and biological oscillations that occur with a period of <24 h. In mammals, the central circadian pacemaker is localized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and is linked to peripheral tissues through neural and hormonal signals. In the present study, we investigated the physiological function of the molecular clock on bone remodeling. The results of loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments both indicated that the rhythmic expression of Tnfrsf11b, which encodes osteoprotegerin (OPG), was regulated by Bmal1 in MC3T3-E1 cells. We also showed that REV-ERBα negatively regulated Tnfrsf11b as well as Bmal1 in MC3T3-E1 cells. We systematically investigated the relationship between the sympathetic nervous system and the circadian clock in osteoblasts. The administration of phenylephrine, a nonspecific α1-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist, stimulated the expression of Tnfrsf11b, whereas the genetic ablation of α1B-AR signaling led to the alteration of Tnfrsf11b expression concomitant with Bmal1 and Per2 in bone. Thus, this study demonstrated that the circadian regulation of Tnfrsf11b was regulated by the clock genes encoding REV-ERBα (Nr1d1) and Bmal1 (Bmal1, also known as Arntl), which are components of the core loop of the circadian clock in osteoblasts. Summary: This study demonstrates that the circadian regulation of TNFRSF11B is regulated by the clock genes Nr1d1 and Arntl, which are components of the core loop of the circadian clock in osteoblasts, providing a molecular mechanism for the control of bone remodelling by circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hirai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Akifumi Togari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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Togari A, Kondo H, Hirai T, Kodama D, Arai M, Goto S. [Regulation of bone metabolism by sympathetic nervous system]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2015; 145:140-145. [PMID: 25765496 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.145.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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48
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Khajuria DK, Razdan R, Mahapatra DR. Additive effects of zoledronic acid and propranolol on bone density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteopenic ovariectomized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Matsumoto T, Sato S. Stimulating angiogenesis mitigates the unloading-induced reduction in osteogenesis in early-stage bone repair in rats. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:e12335. [PMID: 25780087 PMCID: PMC4393168 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerating fracture healing during bed rest allows early mobilization and avoids prolonged fracture healing times. We tested the hypothesis that stimulating angiogenesis with deferoxamine (DFO) mitigates the unloading-induced reduction in early-stage bone repair. Rats aged 12 weeks were subjected to cortical drilling on their tibial diaphysis under anesthesia and treated with hindlimb unloading (HU), HU and DFO administration (DFOHU), or weight bearing (WB) for 5 or 10 days (HU5/10, DFOHU5/10, WB5/10; n = 8 per groups) until sacrifice for vascular casting with a zirconium dioxide-based contrast agent. Taking advantage of its absorption discontinuity at the K-absorption edge, vascular and bone images in the drill-hole defects were acquired by synchrotron radiation subtraction CT. Bone repair was reduced in HU rats. The bone volume fraction (B.Vf) was 88% smaller in HU5 and 42% smaller in HU10 than in WB5/10. The bone segment densities (B.Seg) were 97% smaller in HU5 and 141% larger in HU10 than in WB5/10, and bone thickness (B.Th) was 38% smaller in HU10 than in WB10. The vascular volume fraction (V.Vf) was 35% and the mean vessel diameter (V.D) was 13% smaller in HU10 than in WB10. When compared according to categorized vessel sizes, V.Vf in the diameter ranges 20-30, 30-40, and >40 μm were smaller in HU10 than in WB10, and V.Seg in the diameter range >40 μm was smaller in HU10 than in WB10. In contrast, there was no difference in B.Vf between DFOHU5/10 and WB5/10 and in V.Vf between DFOHU10 and WB10, though B.Seg remained 86% smaller in DFOHU5 and 94% larger in DFOHU10 than in WB5/10, and B.Th and V.D were 23% and 14% lower in DFOHU10 than in WB10. Vessel size-specific V.Vf in the diameter ranges 10-20 and 20-30 μm was larger in DFOHU5 than in HU5. In conclusion, the enhanced angiogenic ingrowth mitigates the reduction in bone repair during mechanical unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsumoto
- Bioengineering Division, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Science, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Shota Sato
- Bioengineering Division, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Science, Toyonaka, Japan
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Abstract
Central and sympathetic nervous systems govern functional activities of many organs. Solid tumors like organs are also innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers. Neurotransmitters released from sympathetic nerve fibers can modulate biological behaviors of tumor cells. Multiple physiologic processes of tumor development may be dominated by central and sympathetic nervous systems as well. Recent studies suggest that dysfunction of central and sympathetic nervous systems and disorder of the hormone network induced by psychological stress may influence malignant progression of cancer by inhibiting the functions of immune system, regulating metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, and inducing interactions between tumor and stromal cells. Over-release of inflammatory cytokines by tumors may aggravate emotional disorder, triggering the vicious cycles in tumor microenvironment and host macroenvironment. It is reasonable to hypothesize that cancer progression may be controlled by central and sympathetic nervous systems. In this review, we will focus on the recent information about the impacts of central and sympathetic nervous systems on tumor invasion and metastasis.
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