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Garrud TAC, Bell B, Mata-Daboin A, Peixoto-Neves D, Collier DM, Cordero-Morales JF, Jaggar JH. WNK kinase is a vasoactive chloride sensor in endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322135121. [PMID: 38568964 PMCID: PMC11009681 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322135121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the wall of blood vessels and regulate arterial contractility to tune regional organ blood flow and systemic pressure. Chloride (Cl-) is the most abundant anion in ECs and the Cl- sensitive With-No-Lysine (WNK) kinase is expressed in this cell type. Whether intracellular Cl- signaling and WNK kinase regulate EC function to alter arterial contractility is unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that intracellular Cl- signaling in ECs regulates arterial contractility and examined the signaling mechanisms involved, including the participation of WNK kinase. Our data obtained using two-photon microscopy and cell-specific inducible knockout mice indicated that acetylcholine, a prototypical vasodilator, stimulated a rapid reduction in intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) due to the activation of TMEM16A, a Cl- channel, in ECs of resistance-size arteries. TMEM16A channel-mediated Cl- signaling activated WNK kinase, which phosphorylated its substrate proteins SPAK and OSR1 in ECs. OSR1 potentiated transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) currents in a kinase-dependent manner and required a conserved binding motif located in the channel C terminus. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling was measured in four dimensions in ECs using a high-speed lightsheet microscope. WNK kinase-dependent activation of TRPV4 channels increased local intracellular Ca2+ signaling in ECs and produced vasodilation. In summary, we show that TMEM16A channel activation reduces [Cl-]i, which activates WNK kinase in ECs. WNK kinase phosphorylates OSR1 which then stimulates TRPV4 channels to produce vasodilation. Thus, TMEM16A channels regulate intracellular Cl- signaling and WNK kinase activity in ECs to control arterial contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa A. C. Garrud
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN38163
| | - Briar Bell
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN38163
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Alejandro Mata-Daboin
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN38163
| | | | - Daniel M. Collier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN38163
| | - Julio F. Cordero-Morales
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN38163
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Jonathan H. Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN38163
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2
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Sato J, Nakano K, Miyazaki H. Decreased intracellular chloride enhances cell migration and invasion via activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 685:149170. [PMID: 37924777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that changes of the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) affected cell proliferation in cancer cells. However, the role of Cl- on cell migration and invasion in cancer cells remains unanalyzed. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate whether changes of [Cl-]i affects cell migration and invasion of cancer cells. In human prostate cancer DU145 cells, cell migration and invasion were enhanced by culturing in the low Cl- medium (replacement of Cl- by NO3-). We also found that DU145 cells in the low Cl- condition caused significant transient ERK1/2 activation followed by an increase of MMP-1 mRNA levels. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation in the low Cl- condition reduced enhancement of MMP-1 mRNA levels and decreased cell migration and invasion. These observations indicate that [Cl-]i plays important roles in metastatic function by regulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells, and intracellular Cl- would be one of the key targets for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Sato
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koya Nakano
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyazaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan.
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3
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Marunaka Y. Physiological roles of chloride ions in bodily and cellular functions. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:31. [PMID: 37968609 PMCID: PMC10717538 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Physiological roles of Cl-, a major anion in the body, are not well known compared with those of cations. This review article introduces: (1) roles of Cl- in bodily and cellular functions; (2) the range of cytosolic Cl- concentration ([Cl-]c); (3) whether [Cl-]c could change with cell volume change under an isosmotic condition; (4) whether [Cl-]c could change under conditions where multiple Cl- transporters and channels contribute to Cl- influx and efflux in an isosmotic state; (5) whether the change in [Cl-]c could be large enough to act as signals; (6) effects of Cl- on cytoskeletal tubulin polymerization through inhibition of GTPase activity and tubulin polymerization-dependent biological activity; (7) roles of cytosolic Cl- in cell proliferation; (8) Cl--regulatory mechanisms of ciliary motility; (9) roles of Cl- in sweet/umami taste receptors; (10) Cl--regulatory mechanisms of with-no-lysine kinase (WNK); (11) roles of Cl- in regulation of epithelial Na+ transport; (12) relationship between roles of Cl- and H+ in body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, General Incorporated Foundation, 67 Kitatsuboi-Cho, Nishinokyo, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan.
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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4
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Zayabaatar E, Huang CM, Pham MT, Ganzorig B, Wang SM, Chen CC. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Increases the GABA in Rice Seed for Upregulation of Type I Collagen in the Skin. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:128. [PMID: 36877314 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can be achieved by naturally occurring microorganisms with the advantages of cost-effectiveness and safety. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EH-9 strain (B. amyloliquefaciens EH-9), a soil bacterium, was used to promote the accumulation of GABA in germinated rice seed. Further, the topical application of supernatant from rice seed co-cultivated with soil B. amyloliquefaciens EH-9 can significantly increase the production of type I collagen (COL1) in the dorsal skin of mice. The knocking down of the GABA-A receptor (GABAA) significantly reduced the production of COL1 in the NIH/3T3 cells and in the dorsal skin of mice. This result suggests that topical application of GABA can promote the biosynthesis of COL1 via its interaction with the GABAA receptor in the dorsal skin of mice. In summary, our findings illustrate for the first time that soil B. amyloliquefaciens EH-9 elicits GABA production in germinated rice seed to upregulate the formation of COL1 in the dorsal skin of mice. This study is translational because the result shows a potential remedy for skin aging by stimulating COL1 synthesis using biosynthetic GABA associated with B. amyloliquefaciens EH-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhbat Zayabaatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Minh Tan Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Binderiya Ganzorig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
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5
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Kurashima K, Shiozaki A, Kudou M, Shimizu H, Arita T, Kosuga T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Otsuji E. LRRC8A influences the growth of gastric cancer cells via the p53 signaling pathway. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1063-1075. [PMID: 33864161 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucin-rich repeat containing protein A (LRRC8A), a component of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), is activated by cell swelling and mediates regulatory volume decrease. We previously reported the expression of and important roles for several ion transporters in various gastrointestinal cancers, which have potential as novel targets for cancer treatment; however, the significance of LRRC8A in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Knockdown experiments were performed by transfecting human GC cell lines with LRRC8A siRNA. Gene expression was then assessed using microarray analysis. Samples from 132 patients with GC were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) for LRRC8A, and its relationships with clinicopathological factors and prognosis were examined. RESULTS The knockdown of LRRC8A suppressed the proliferation and movement of cells and enhanced apoptosis. The results of the microarray analysis showed the up- or down-regulated expression of genes related to the p53 signaling pathway (JNK, p53, p21, Bcl-2, and FAS) in LRRC8A-knockdown cells. IHC revealed a correlation between the expression of LRRC8A and the pT status (p = 0.015), and multivariate analysis identified the strong expression of LRRC8A as an independent prognostic factor for 5-year survival in GC patients (p = 0.0231). CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that LRRC8A functions as a mediator of and/or biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Kurashima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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6
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Shiozaki A, Konishi T, Kosuga T, Kudou M, Kurashima K, Inoue H, Shoda K, Arita T, Konishi H, Morimura R, Komatsu S, Ikoma H, Toma A, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Otsuji E. Roles of voltage‑gated potassium channels in the maintenance of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:76. [PMID: 34414448 PMCID: PMC8425586 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of membrane proteins that are activated in cancer stem cells (CSCs) represents one of the key recent strategies in cancer therapy. The present study analyzed ion channel expression profiles and functions in pancreatic CSCs (PCSCs). Cells strongly expressing aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) were isolated from the human pancreatic PK59 cell line using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and PCSCs were identified based on tumorsphere formation. Microarray analysis was performed to investigate the gene expression profiles in PCSCs. ALDH1A1 messenger RNA levels were higher in PCSCs compared with non-PCSCs. PCSCs were resistant to 5-fluorouracil and capable of redifferentiation. The results of the microarray analysis revealed that gene expression related to ion channels, including voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv), was upregulated in PCSCs compared with non-PCSCs. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), a potent Kv inhibitor, exhibited greater cytotoxicity in PCSCs compared with non-PCSCs. In a xenograft model in nude mice, tumor volumes were significantly lower in mice inoculated with PK59 cells pre-treated with 4-AP compared with those in mice injected with non-treated cells. The present results identified a role of Kv in the persistence of PCSCs and suggested that the Kv inhibitor 4-AP may have potential as a therapeutic agent for pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Tomoki Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Kento Kurashima
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Ryo Morimura
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ikoma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602‑8566, Japan
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7
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Matsumoto Y, Shiozaki A, Kosuga T, Kudou M, Shimizu H, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Otsuji E. Expression and Role of CFTR in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:6424-6436. [PMID: 33710504 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-09752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-dependent chloride (Cl-) anion conducting channel, and its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was examined in the present study. METHODS Overexpression experiments were conducted on human ESCC cell lines following the transfection of a CFTR plasmid, and changes in cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed. A microarray analysis was performed to examine gene expression profiles. Fifty-three primary tumor samples collected from ESCC patients during esophagectomy were subjected to an immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Transfection of the CFTR plasmid into the ESCC KYSE 170 and KYSE 70 cell lines suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis. The microarray analysis showed the up-regulated expression of genes involved in the p38 signaling pathway in CFTR plasmid-transfected KYSE 170 cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a relationship between the CFTR expression pattern at the invasive front and the pN category. A relationship was also observed between the weak expression of CFTR at the invasive front and a shorter postoperative survival in a prognostic analysis. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of CFTR in ESCC activated the p38 signaling pathway and was associated with a good patient prognosis. These results indicate the potential of CFTR as a mediator of and/or a biomarker for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Mitsuda M, Shiozaki A, Kudou M, Shimizu H, Arita T, Kosuga T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Otsuji E. Functional Analysis and Clinical Significance of Chloride Channel 2 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:5384-5397. [PMID: 33565032 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-09659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloride channel 2 (CLCN2) was recently shown to affect tumor behavior. The present study examined the functions of CLCN2 in the regulation of genes that play a role in tumor progression, as well as its clinicopathological significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Knockdown experiments were conducted using CLCN2-small-interfering RNA, and changes in proliferation, survival, and cellular movement in human ESCC cell lines were investigated. A microarray analysis of gene expression profiles in CLCN2-depleted ESCC cells was conducted. Fifty-four primary ESCC samples were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS The strong expression of CLCN2 was detected in TE5 and KYSE70 cells. Downregulated expression of CLCN2 enhanced proliferation and decreased apoptosis, whereas its upregulation inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis. The effects of lubiprostone, a CLCN2 activator, were also investigated. In lubiprostone-treated cells, proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis was increased. The microarray analysis demonstrated that interferon (IFN) signaling-related genes were downregulated in CLCN2-depleted cells. IHC showed the presence of CLCN2 in the cytoplasm and cell membranes of ESCC cells. The prognostic analysis revealed a relationship between weak CLCN2 expression and shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that tumor progression is regulated by CLCN2 through its effects on IFN signaling. Furthermore, weak CLCN2 expression was associated with poorer outcomes in ESCC patients. The present study will contribute to a clearer understanding of the role of CLCN2 as a mediator of ESCC, as well as its use as a biomarker for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Mitsuda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Katsurahara K, Shiozaki A, Kosuga T, Shimizu H, Kudou M, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Otsuji E. ANO9 regulates PD-L2 expression and binding ability to PD-1 in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1026-1037. [PMID: 33404124 PMCID: PMC7935785 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of ANO9 in gastrointestinal cancer remains unclear. We investigated the biological behaviors and clinical prognostic values of ANO9 in gastric cancer (GC). Knockdown experiments were performed on human GC cell lines using ANO9 siRNA. Eighty‐four primary tissue samples from patients with advanced GC were examined immunohistochemically (IHC). Knockdown of ANO9 reduced the progression of cancer cells in MKN7 and MKN74 cells. A microarray analysis revealed that ANO9 regulated PD‐L2 via interferon (IFN)‐related genes. We confirmed using flow cytometry that the depletion of ANO9 reduced the binding ability to PD‐1 by downregulating the expression of PD‐L2 in MKN7 and MKN74 cells. IHC revealed a correlation between the expression of ANO9 and PD‐L2 and also that the strong expression of ANO9 was an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with advanced GC. The present results indicate that ANO9 regulates PD‐L2 and binding ability to PD‐1 via IFN‐related genes in GC. Therefore, ANO9 has potential as a biomarker and target of immune checkpoint blockage (ICB) for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Katsurahara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Wang JF, Zhao K, Chen YY, Qiu Y, Zhu JH, Li BP, Wang Z, Chen JQ. NKCC1 promotes proliferation, invasion and migration in human gastric cancer cells via activation of the MAPK-JNK/EMT signaling pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:253-263. [PMID: 33391422 PMCID: PMC7738823 DOI: 10.7150/jca.49709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to explore the function of NKCC1 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of Gastric cancer (GC) cells. Materials and Methods: GC data extracted from the database was analyzed using molecular bioinformatics. The expression levels of NKCC1 in tissue samples from GC patients and GC cell lines were determined by Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence was used to detect protein localization. The GC cell lines were transfected with NKCC1-shRNA or expression plasmid, and in vitro proliferation, invasion and migration were analyzed by the CCK8, wound healing and transwell tests. Results: The NKCC1 mRNA level was significantly increased in GC tissues than that in normal gastric tissues (P = 0.0195). This phenomenon was further confirmed by the analysis of the TCGA-GTEx database that includes 408 gastric cancer tissues and 211 normal gastric tissues (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the increased level of NKCC1 was significantly correlated with Tumor size (P = 0.039), lymphatic node metastasis (P = 0.035) and tumor stage (P = 0.034). In vitro experiments confirmed that NKCC1 expression was higher in GC cells compared to that in GES-1 cells, and was mainly localized to the cytoplasm and membrane. NKCC1 silencing inhibited GC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT, whereas its overexpression had the opposite effects. Furthermore, NKCC1 overexpression upregulated and activated JNK, and the targeted inhibition of JNK by SP600125 abrogated the pro-metastatic effects of NKCC1. Conclusions: NKCC1 promotes migration and invasion of GC cells by MAPK-JNK/EMT pathway and can be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ye-Yang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Hui Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bo-Pei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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11
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Murillo-de-Ozores AR, Chávez-Canales M, de Los Heros P, Gamba G, Castañeda-Bueno M. Physiological Processes Modulated by the Chloride-Sensitive WNK-SPAK/OSR1 Kinase Signaling Pathway and the Cation-Coupled Chloride Cotransporters. Front Physiol 2020; 11:585907. [PMID: 33192599 PMCID: PMC7606576 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.585907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Cl– as an intracellular signaling ion has been increasingly recognized in recent years. One of the currently best described roles of Cl– in signaling is the modulation of the With-No-Lysine (K) (WNK) – STE20-Proline Alanine rich Kinase (SPAK)/Oxidative Stress Responsive Kinase 1 (OSR1) – Cation-Coupled Cl–Cotransporters (CCCs) cascade. Binding of a Cl– anion to the active site of WNK kinases directly modulates their activity, promoting their inhibition. WNK activation due to Cl– release from the binding site leads to phosphorylation and activation of SPAK/OSR1, which in turn phosphorylate the CCCs. Phosphorylation by WNKs-SPAK/OSR1 of the Na+-driven CCCs (mediating ions influx) promote their activation, whereas that of the K+-driven CCCs (mediating ions efflux) promote their inhibition. This results in net Cl– influx and feedback inhibition of WNK kinases. A wide variety of alterations to this pathway have been recognized as the cause of several human diseases, with manifestations in different systems. The understanding of WNK kinases as Cl– sensitive proteins has allowed us to better understand the mechanistic details of regulatory processes involved in diverse physiological phenomena that are reviewed here. These include cell volume regulation, potassium sensing and intracellular signaling in the renal distal convoluted tubule, and regulation of the neuronal response to the neurotransmitter GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rafael Murillo-de-Ozores
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Chávez-Canales
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola de Los Heros
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Yasuda M, Inui TA, Hirano S, Asano S, Okazaki T, Inui T, Marunaka Y, Nakahari T. Intracellular Cl - Regulation of Ciliary Beating in Ciliated Human Nasal Epithelial Cells: Frequency and Distance of Ciliary Beating Observed by High-Speed Video Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114052. [PMID: 32517062 PMCID: PMC7312665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small inhaled particles, which are entrapped by the mucous layer that is maintained by mucous secretion via mucin exocytosis and fluid secretion, are removed from the nasal cavity by beating cilia. The functional activities of beating cilia are assessed by their frequency and the amplitude. Nasal ciliary beating is controlled by intracellular ions (Ca2+, H+ and Cl-), and is enhanced by a decreased concentration of intracellular Cl- ([Cl-]i) in ciliated human nasal epithelial cells (cHNECs) in primary culture, which increases the ciliary beat amplitude. A novel method to measure both ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat distance (CBD, an index of ciliary beat amplitude) in cHNECs has been developed using high-speed video microscopy, which revealed that a decrease in [Cl-]i increased CBD, but not CBF, and an increase in [Cl-]i decreased both CBD and CBF. Thus, [Cl-]i inhibits ciliary beating in cHNECs, suggesting that axonemal structures controlling CBD and CBF may have Cl- sensors and be regulated by [Cl-]i. These observations indicate that the activation of Cl- secretion stimulates ciliary beating (increased CBD) mediated via a decrease in [Cl-]i in cHNECs. Thus, [Cl-]i is critical for controlling ciliary beating in cHNECs. This review introduces the concept of Cl- regulation of ciliary beating in cHNECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.-a.I.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (T.N.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5603 (M.Y.); +81-77-561-3488 (ext. 7554) (T.N.)
| | - Taka-aki Inui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.-a.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Shigeru Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.-a.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Shinji Asano
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (S.A.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Okazaki
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Toshio Inui
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (S.A.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
- Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi 570-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (S.A.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (S.A.); (T.I.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (T.N.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5603 (M.Y.); +81-77-561-3488 (ext. 7554) (T.N.)
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13
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Abstract
Cl- is the major extracellular (Cl-out) and intracellular (Cl-in) anion whose concentration is actively regulated by multiple transporters. These transporters generate Cl- gradients across the plasma membrane and between the cytoplasm and intracellular organelles. [Cl-]in changes rapidly in response to cell stimulation and influences many physiological functions, as well as cellular and systemic homeostasis. However, less appreciated is the signaling function of Cl-. Cl- interacts with multiple proteins to directly modify their activity. This review highlights the signaling function of Cl- and argues that Cl- is a bona fide signaling ion, a function deserving extensive exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Lüscher
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura Vachel
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ehud Ohana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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14
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Valdivieso ÁG, Santa‐Coloma TA. The chloride anion as a signalling effector. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1839-1856. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel G. Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
- The National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
| | - Tomás A. Santa‐Coloma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
- The National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
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15
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Mi B, Liu G, Zhou W, Lv H, Zha K, Liu Y, Wu Q, Liu J. Bioinformatics analysis of fibroblasts exposed to TGF‑β at the early proliferation phase of wound repair. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8146-8154. [PMID: 28983581 PMCID: PMC5779900 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to identify gene signatures during the early proliferation stage of wound repair and the effect of TGF-β on fibroblasts and reveal their potential mechanisms. The gene expression profiles of GSE79621 and GSE27165 were obtained from GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Morpheus and co-expressed DEGs were selected using Venn Diagram. Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were constructed using Cytoscape software. PPI interaction network was divided into subnetworks using the MCODE algorithm and the function of the top one module was analyzed using DAVID. The results revealed that upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological process, including the Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation, positive regulation of hyaluronan cable assembly, purine nucleobase biosynthetic process, de novo inosine monophosphate biosynthetic process, positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, whereas the downregulated DEGs were enriched in the regulation of blood pressure, negative regulation of cell proliferation, ossification, negative regulation of gene expression and type I interferon signaling pathway. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs were enriched in shigellosis, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. The downregulated DEGs were enriched in systemic lupus erythematosus, lysosome, arachidonic acid metabolism, thyroid cancer and allograft rejection. The top 10 hub genes were identified from the PPI network. The top module analysis revealed that the included genes were involved in ion channel, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, purine metabolism and intestinal immune network for IgA production pathway. The functional analysis revealed that TGF-β may promote fibroblast migration and proliferation and defend against microorganisms at the early proliferation stage of wound repair. Furthermore, these results may provide references for chronic wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Lv
- Department of Rheumatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qipeng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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16
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Wang H, Zou L, Ma K, Yu J, Wu H, Wei M, Xiao Q. Cell-specific mechanisms of TMEM16A Ca 2+-activated chloride channel in cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:152. [PMID: 28893247 PMCID: PMC5594453 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A (known as anoctamin 1) Ca2+-activated chloride channel is overexpressed in many tumors. TMEM16A overexpression can be caused by gene amplification in many tumors harboring 11q13 amplification. TMEM16A expression is also controlled in many cancer cells via transcriptional regulation, epigenetic regulation and microRNAs. In addition, TMEM16A activates different signaling pathways in different cancers, e.g. the EGFR and CAMKII signaling in breast cancer, the p38 and ERK1/2 signaling in hepatoma, the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer, and the NFκB signaling in glioma. Furthermore, TMEM16A overexpression has been reported to promote, inhibit, or produce no effects on cell proliferation and migration in different cancer cells. Since TMEM16A exerts different roles in different cancer cells via activation of distinct signaling pathways, we try to develop the idea that TMEM16A regulates cancer cell proliferation and migration in a cell-dependent mechanism. The cell-specific role of TMEM16A may depend on the cellular environment that is predetermined by TMEM16A overexpression mechanisms specific for a particular cancer type. TMEM16A may exert its cell-specific role via its associated protein networks, phosphorylation by different kinases, and involvement of different signaling pathways. In addition, we discuss the role of TMEM16A channel activity in cancer, and its clinical use as a prognostic and predictive marker in different cancers. This review highlights the cell-type specific mechanisms of TMEM16A in cancer, and envisions the promising use of TMEM16A inhibitors as a potential treatment for TMEM16A-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Liang Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Huizhe Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
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17
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Shiozaki A, Kudou M, Ichikawa D, Shimizu H, Arita T, Kosuga T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Expression and role of anion exchanger 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17921-17935. [PMID: 28160546 PMCID: PMC5392297 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have described important roles for the anion exchanger (AE) in epithelial carcinogenesis and tumor behavior. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of AE1 in the regulation of genes involved in tumor progression and the clinicopathological significance of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). An immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 61 primary tumor samples obtained from ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy. AE1 was primarily located in the cell membranes or cytoplasm of carcinoma cells, and its distribution pattern was related to the histological degree of the differentiation of SCC or the pT category. Among patients with pT2-3 ESCC, the 5-year survival rate of patients with diffuse AE1 expression (40.2%) was significantly lower than that of patients with focal expression (74.0%). AE1 was strongly expressed in KYSE150 and TE8 human ESCC cells. The depletion of AE1 using siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis. The results of the microarray analysis revealed that MAPK and Hedgehog signaling pathway-related genes, such as DHH, and GLI1, were down-regulated in AE1-depleted KYSE150 cells. In conclusions, the results of the present study suggest that the diffuse expression of AE1 is related to a worse prognosis in patients with advanced ESCC, and that it regulates tumor progression by affecting MAPK and Hedgehog signaling pathways. These results provide an insight into the role of AE1 as a mediator of and/or a biomarker for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology and Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto, 602-8013, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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18
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Nomura T, Taruno A, Shiraishi M, Nakahari T, Inui T, Sokabe M, Eaton DC, Marunaka Y. Current-direction/amplitude-dependent single channel gating kinetics of mouse pannexin 1 channel: a new concept for gating kinetics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10512. [PMID: 28874774 PMCID: PMC5585217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed single-channel gating kinetics of mouse pannexin 1 (mPanx1) remains unknown, although mPanx1 is reported to be a voltage-activated anion-selective channel. We investigated characteristics of single-channel conductances and opening and closing rates of mPanx1 using patch-clamp techniques. The unitary current of mPanx1 shows outward rectification with single-channel conductances of ~20 pS for inward currents and ~80 pS for outward currents. The channel open time for outward currents (Cl- influx) increases linearly as the amplitude of single channel currents increases, while the open time for inward currents (Cl- efflux) is constant irrespective of changes in the current amplitude, as if the direction and amplitude of the unitary current regulates the open time. This is supported by further observations that replacement of extracellular Cl- with gluconate- diminishes the inward tail current (Cl- efflux) at a membrane potential of -100 mV due to the lowered outward current (gluconate- influx) at membrane potential of 100 mV. These results suggest that the direction and rate of charge-carrier movement regulate the open time of mPanx1, and that the previously reported voltage-dependence of Panx1 channel gating is not directly mediated by the membrane potential but rather by the direction and amplitude of currents through the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nomura
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University, Kitakyushu, 800-0298, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Taruno
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiraishi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto, 602-8013, Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi, 570-0012, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Center for Cell & Molecular Signaling, Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto, 602-8013, Japan.
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19
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Marunaka Y. The Mechanistic Links between Insulin and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Cl - Channel. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081767. [PMID: 28805732 PMCID: PMC5578156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl− channel belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily and regulates Cl− secretion in epithelial cells for water secretion. Loss-of-function mutations to the CFTR gene cause dehydrated mucus on the apical side of epithelial cells and increase the susceptibility of bacterial infection, especially in the airway and pulmonary tissues. Therefore, research on the molecular properties of CFTR, such as its gating mechanism and subcellular trafficking, have been intensively pursued. Dysregulated CFTR trafficking is one of the major pathological hallmarks in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients bearing missense mutations in the CFTR gene. Hormones that activate cAMP signaling, such as catecholamine, have been found to regulate the intracellular trafficking of CFTR. Insulin is one of the hormones that regulate cAMP production and promote trafficking of transmembrane proteins to the plasma membrane. The functional interactions between insulin and CFTR have not yet been clearly defined. In this review article, I review the roles of CFTR in epithelial cells, its regulatory role in insulin secretion, and a mechanism of CFTR regulation by insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto 602-8013, Japan.
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Klameth L, Rath B, Hamilton G. In vitro Cytotoxic Activities of the Oral Platinum(IV) Prodrug Oxoplatin and HSP90 Inhibitor Ganetespib against a Panel of Gastric Cancer Cell Lines. J Cancer 2017; 8:1733-1743. [PMID: 28819369 PMCID: PMC5556635 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer exhibits a poor prognosis and is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy of metastatic gastric cancer is based on combinations of platinum drugs and fluoropyrimidines, with added agents. Oxoplatin is a stable oral platinum(IV) prodrug which is converted to a highly active tetrachlorido(IV) complex under acidic conditions. In the present work, we studied the cytotoxic effects of oxoplatin against a panel of four gastric cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, the role of HSP90 in chemoresistance of these lines was investigated using the specific inhibitor ganetespib. The KATO-III, MKN-1, MKN-28, MKN-45 lines were used in MTT chemosensitivity, cell cycle and apoptosis assays. KATO-III is a signet ring diffuse cell type, MKN-1 an adenosquamous primary, MKN-28 a well-differentiated intestinal type and the MKN-45 a poorly differentiated, diffuse type gastric carcinoma line. Cytotoxicity was tested in MTT assays and intracellular signal transduction with proteome profiler Western blot arrays. Interactions of platinum drugs and ganetespib were calculated with help of the Chou-Talalay method. The prodrug oxoplatin revealed low activity against the four gastric cancer cell lines, whereas the platinum tetrachlorido(IV) complex and cisplatin gave IC50 values of 1-3 µg/ml with increasing chemoresistance observed in the order of MKN-1, KATO-III, MKN-28 to MKN-45. With exception of KATO-III and MKN-28/oxoplatin, all other cell lines featured marked synergistic toxicity with clinically achievable concentrations of ganetespib. Oral administration of a platinum agent such as oxoplatin would be of great value for patients and care providers alike. These results suggest that the oncogene-stabilizing HSP90 chaperone represents an important mediator of chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Ganetespib reduced the phosphorylation of p53, Akt1/2/3 and PRAS40, as well as of WNK1, a kinase which regulates intracellular chloride concentrations. Intracellular chloride was reported to control proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines. Expression of MUC1 was not downregulated in contrast to the expression of CAIX, a prognostic marker in gastric cancer. In conclusion, the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib synergizes with platinum anticancer drugs and modulates intracellular signal transduction in direction of a less proliferative and aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Klameth
- Department for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Rath
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hamilton
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Stakišaitis D, Mozūraitė R, Kavaliauskaitė D, Šlekienė L, Balnytė I, Juodžiukynienė N, Valančiūtė A. Sex-related differences of urethane and sodium valproate effects on Ki-67 expression in urethane-induced lung tumors of mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2741-2750. [PMID: 28587335 PMCID: PMC5450691 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate sex differences in tumorigenesis by assessing the number of Ki-67-positive cells [Ki-67(+)] in urethane-induced mice lung tumors and the effect of sodium valproate (NaVP) in BALB/c mice. Gonad-intact and gonadectomized female and male mice were divided into the following groups: i) Treated with urethane, ii) treated with urethane and NaVP and iii) gonad-intact or gonadectomized control. Urethane (total 50 mg/mouse) was injected intraperitoneally. The NaVP 0.4% solution was administered orally for 6 months. Histologically, lung tumors were divided into adenomas and adenocarcinomas and assessed immunohistochemically using antibodies against Ki-67. The Ki-67(+) was calculated per one mm2 of a tumor. In adenomas, Ki-67(+) in the urethane-treated gonad-intact males was significantly higher than in females (P=0.001) and in castrated males (P<0.01); Ki-67(+) in adenomas of the urethane-treated gonad-intact males was significantly higher than in urethane-NaVP-treated ones (P<0.04). No significant differences were found in analogous female groups. In adenocarcinomas, Ki-67(+) in urethane-treated gonad-intact males was significantly higher than in females and gonadectomized mice of both sexes (P<0.001), and in ovariectomized females was significantly higher than in ovary-intact group (P=0.01). A significantly higher number of Ki-67(+) cells were observed in gonad-intact adenocarcinomas of the urethane-NaVP-treated females compared with the urethane-treated ones (P<0.001). Comparing between urethane-NaVP-treated gonadectomized males and females in adenocarcinomas, determined that Ki-67(+) was significantly lower in females (P=0.005). In adenocarcinomas, Ki-67(+) in urethane-NaVP-treated gonadectomized males and females was significantly lower than in gonad-intact mice of the same sex (P<0.001). In summary, gonadectomy with NaVP treatment decreased Ki-67(+) in adenocarcinomas for mice of both sexes. The results of the present study indicate sex-related differences in mice lung tumorigenesis, and a sex-related effect of NaVP on progression in urethane-induced BALB/c mice lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Stakišaitis
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Raminta Mozūraitė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Kavaliauskaitė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Šlekienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nomeda Juodžiukynienė
- Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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22
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Stakisaitis D, Mozuraite R, Juodziukyniene N, Didziapetriene J, Uleckiene S, Matusevicius P, Valanciute A. Sodium Valproate Enhances the Urethane-Induced Lung Adenomas and Suppresses Malignization of Adenomas in Ovariectomized Female Mice. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:218219. [PMID: 26491438 PMCID: PMC4600510 DOI: 10.1155/2015/218219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the possible effect of sodium valproate (NaVP) on urethane-induced lung tumors in female mice has been evaluated. BALB/c mice (n = 60; 4-6 weeks old, females) were used in the following groups: (1) urethane-treated; (2) urethane-NaVP-treated; (3) only NaVP-treated; (4) control. In the same groups, ovariectomized female mice (n = 60) were investigated. Urethane was given intraperitoneally, with a total dose of 50 mg/mouse. In NaVP-treated mice groups, 0.4% aqueous solution of NaVP was offered to mice ad libitum. The duration of the experiment was 6 months. The number of tumors per mouse in ovariectomized mice and in those treated with urethane and NaVP was significantly higher than in mice treated with urethane only (8.29 ± 0.58 versus 6.0 ± 0.63, p < 0.02). No significant difference in the number of tumors per mouse was revealed while comparing the nonovariectomized urethane- and urethane-NaVP-treated groups (p = 0.13). A significant decrease of adenocarcinoma number in ovariectomized mice treated with a urethane-NaVP as compared with ovariectomized mice treated with urethane only was found (p = 0.031). NaVP together with low estrogen may have a protective effect on the malignization of adenomas in ovariectomized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Stakisaitis
- Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Tumor Pathophysiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius University, Santariskiu 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Raminta Mozuraite
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nomeda Juodziukyniene
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Janina Didziapetriene
- Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Tumor Pathophysiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius University, Santariskiu 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saule Uleckiene
- Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Tumor Pathophysiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius University, Santariskiu 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Matusevicius
- Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Angelija Valanciute
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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23
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Sun H, Niisato N, Inui T, Marunaka Y. Insulin is involved in transcriptional regulation of NKCC and the CFTR Cl(-) channel through PI3K activation and ERK inactivation in renal epithelial cells. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:433-43. [PMID: 25239597 PMCID: PMC10717268 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is is well known that insulin stimulates glucose transport and epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC)-mediated Na(+) reabsorption; however, the action of insulin on Cl(-) secretion is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the action of insulin on Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC)-mediated Cl(-) secretion in epithelial A6 cells. Interestingly, insulin treatment remarkably enhanced the forskolin-stimulated Cl(-) secretion associated with an increase in apical Cl(-) conductance by upregulating mRNA expression of both CFTR and NKCC, although insulin treatment alone had no effect on the basal Cl(-) secretion or apical Cl(-) conductance without forskolin application. We next elucidated a role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in the insulin-induced enhancement of the Cl(-) secretion, since insulin actually activated PI3K, resulting in activation of Akt, a downstream molecule of PI3K. LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) reduced the Cl(-) secretion by suppressing mRNA expression of NKCC, whereas insulin still had a stimulatory action on mRNA expression of CFTR even in the presence of LY294002. On the other hand, we found that a MEK inhibitor (PD98059) further enhanced the insulin-stimulated CFTR mRNA expression and the Cl(-) secretion in forskolin-stimulated A6 cells and that insulin induced slight, transient activation of ERK followed by significant inactivation of ERK. These observations suggest that: (1) insulin respectively upregulates mRNA expression of NKCC and CFTR through activation of PI3K and inactivation of ERK; (2) insulin signals on mRNA expression of NKCC and CFTR are not enough to stimulate transepithelial Cl(-) secretion, but enhance the stimulatory action of cAMP on transepithelial Cl(-) secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Sun
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Naomi Niisato
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes’ University, Kyoto, 602-8013 Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
- Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi, 570-0012 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes’ University, Kyoto, 602-8013 Japan
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Shiozaki A, Ichikawa D, Otsuji E, Marunaka Y. Cellular physiological approach for treatment of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:11560-11566. [PMID: 25206263 PMCID: PMC4155349 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i33.11560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that ion channels/transporters play important roles in fundamental cellular functions that would be involved in the cancer process. We review the evidence for their expression and functioning in human gastric cancer (GC), and evaluate the potential of cellular physiological approach in clinical management. Various types of ion channels, such as voltage-gated K+ channels, intracellular Cl- channels and transient receptor potential channels have been found to express in GC cells and tissues, and to control cell cycles. With regard to water channels, aquaporin 3 and 5 play an important role in the progression of GC. Regulators of intracellular pH, such as anion exchanger, sodium-hydrogen exchanger, vacuolar H+-ATPases and carbonic anhydrases are also involved in tumorigenesis of GC. Their pharmacological manipulation and gene silencing affect cellular behaviours, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets for GC. Our studies indicate the intracellular Cl- concentration could act as a mediator of cellular signaling and control cell cycle progression in GC cells. Further, we demonstrate the cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock on GC cells, and indicate that the blockade of Cl- channels/transporters enhances these effects by inhibiting regulatory volume decrease. A deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms may lead to the discovery of these cellular physiological approaches as a novel therapeutic strategy for GC.
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25
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The K-Cl cotransporter KCC3 as an independent prognostic factor in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:936401. [PMID: 25110711 PMCID: PMC4119626 DOI: 10.1155/2014/936401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of K–Cl cotransporter 3 (KCC3) in the regulation of cellular invasion and the clinicopathological significance of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Immunohistochemical analysis performed on 70 primary tumor samples obtained from ESCC patients showed that KCC3 was primarily found in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. Although the expression of KCC3 in the main tumor (MT) was related to several clinicopathological features, such as the pT and pN categories, it had no prognostic impact. KCC3 expression scores were compared between the MT and cancer nest (CN), and the survival rate of patients with a CN > MT score was lower than that of patients with a CN ≤ MT score. In addition, the survival rate of patients in whom KCC3 was expressed in the invasive front of tumor was lower than that of the patients without it. Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the expression of KCC3 in the invasive front was one of the most important independent prognostic factors. The depletion of KCC3 using siRNAs inhibited cell migration and invasion in human ESCC cell lines. These results suggest that the expression of KCC3 in ESCC may affect cellular invasion and be related to a worse prognosis in patients with ESCC.
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26
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Efficacy of a hypotonic treatment for peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer cells: an in vivo evaluation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:707089. [PMID: 25093178 PMCID: PMC4100448 DOI: 10.1155/2014/707089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a hypotonic treatment for peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer cells using an in vivo model. We firstly evaluated the toxicity of a peritoneal injection of distilled water (DW) (2 mL for 3 days) in mice. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations revealed that the peritoneal injection of DW did not severely damage the abdominal organs of these mice. MKN45 gastric cancer cells preincubated with NaCl buffer or DW for 20 minutes in vitro were then intraperitoneally injected into nude mice, and the development of dissemination nodules was analyzed. The total number, weight, and volume of the dissemination nodules were significantly decreased by the DW preincubation. We then determined whether the peritoneal injection of DW inhibited the establishment of peritoneal dissemination. After a peritoneal injection of MKN45 cells into nude mice, NaCl buffer or DW was injected into the abdominal cavity for 3 days. The total volume of dissemination nodules was significantly lower in DW-injected mice than in NaCl-injected mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated the safeness of a peritoneal injection of DW. Furthermore, the development of dissemination nodules from gastric cancer cells was prevented by a preincubation with or peritoneal injection of DW.
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27
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Shiozaki A, Nako Y, Ichikawa D, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Role of the Na +/K +/2Cl - cotransporter NKCC1 in cell cycle progression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6844-6859. [PMID: 24944475 PMCID: PMC4051924 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) in the regulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression and the clinicopathological significance of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
METHODS: An immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 68 primary tumor samples obtained from ESCC patients that underwent esophagectomy. NKCC1 expression in human ESCC cell lines was analyzed by Western blotting. Knockdown experiments were conducted using NKCC1 small interfering RNA, and the effects on cell cycle progression were analyzed. The gene expression profiles of cells were analyzed by microarray analysis.
RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining showed that NKCC1 was primarily found in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells and that its expression was related to the histological degree of differentiation of SCC. NKCC1 was highly expressed in KYSE170 cells. Depletion of NKCC1 in these cells inhibited cell proliferation via G2/M phase arrest. Microarray analysis identified 2527 genes with altered expression levels in NKCC1depleted KYSE170. Pathway analysis showed that the top-ranked canonical pathway was the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation pathway, which involves MAD2L1, DTL, BLM, CDC20, BRCA1, and E2F5.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the expression of NKCC1 in ESCC may affect the G2/M checkpoint and may be related to the degree of histological differentiation of SCCs. We have provided a deeper understanding of the role of NKCC1 as a mediator and/or a biomarker in ESCC.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Female
- G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2/drug effects
- Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2/genetics
- Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2/metabolism
- Transfection
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Hosogi S, Kusuzaki K, Inui T, Wang X, Marunaka Y. Cytosolic chloride ion is a key factor in lysosomal acidification and function of autophagy in human gastric cancer cell. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1124-33. [PMID: 24725767 PMCID: PMC4508152 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to clarify roles of cytosolic chloride ion (Cl(-) ) in regulation of lysosomal acidification [intra-lysosomal pH (pHlys )] and autophagy function in human gastric cancer cell line (MKN28). The MKN28 cells cultured under a low Cl(-) condition elevated pHlys and reduced the intra-lysosomal Cl(-) concentration ([Cl(-) ]lys ) via reduction of cytosolic Cl(-) concentration ([Cl(-) ]c ), showing abnormal accumulation of LC3II and p62 participating in autophagy function (dysfunction of autophagy) accompanied by inhibition of cell proliferation via G0 /G1 arrest without induction of apoptosis. We also studied effects of direct modification of H(+) transport on lysosomal acidification and autophagy. Application of bafilomycin A1 (an inhibitor of V-type H(+) -ATPase) or ethyl isopropyl amiloride [EIPA; an inhibitor of Na(+) /H(+) exchanger (NHE)] elevated pHlys and decreased [Cl(-) ]lys associated with inhibition of cell proliferation via induction of G0 /G1 arrest similar to the culture under a low Cl(-) condition. However, unlike low Cl(-) condition, application of the compound, bafilomycin A1 or EIPA, induced apoptosis associated with increases in caspase 3 and 9 without large reduction in [Cl(-) ]c compared with low Cl(-) condition. These observations suggest that the lowered [Cl(-) ]c primarily causes dysfunction of autophagy without apoptosis via dysfunction of lysosome induced by disturbance of intra-lysosomal acidification. This is the first study showing that cytosolic Cl(-) is a key factor of lysosome acidification and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekuni Hosogi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto, Japan
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, Heian Jogakuin (St. Agnes') UniversityKyoto, Japan
- * Correspondence to: Dr. Shigekuni HOSOGI, M.D., Ph.D. and Prof. Yoshinori MARUNAKA, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan., Tel.: +81-75-251-5311, Fax: +81-75-251-0295, E-mails: for Shigekuni Hosogi; for Yoshinori Marunaka
| | - Katsuyuki Kusuzaki
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, Heian Jogakuin (St. Agnes') UniversityKyoto, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto Kujo HospitalKyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto, Japan
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto, Japan
- Saisei Mirai ClinicsMoriguchi, Japan
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Fudan University Zhongshan HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto, Japan
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, Heian Jogakuin (St. Agnes') UniversityKyoto, Japan
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Fudan University Zhongshan HospitalShanghai, China
- * Correspondence to: Dr. Shigekuni HOSOGI, M.D., Ph.D. and Prof. Yoshinori MARUNAKA, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan., Tel.: +81-75-251-5311, Fax: +81-75-251-0295, E-mails: for Shigekuni Hosogi; for Yoshinori Marunaka
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29
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Piala AT, Moon TM, Akella R, He H, Cobb MH, Goldsmith EJ. Chloride sensing by WNK1 involves inhibition of autophosphorylation. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra41. [PMID: 24803536 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
WNK1 [with no lysine (K)] is a serine-threonine kinase associated with a form of familial hypertension. WNK1 is at the top of a kinase cascade, leading to phosphorylation of several cotransporters, in particular those transporting sodium, potassium, and chloride (NKCC), sodium and chloride (NCC), and potassium and chloride (KCC). The responsiveness of NKCC, NCC, and KCC to changes in extracellular chloride parallels their phosphorylation state, provoking the proposal that these transporters are controlled by a chloride-sensitive protein kinase. We found that chloride stabilizes the inactive conformation of WNK1, preventing kinase autophosphorylation and activation. Crystallographic studies of inactive WNK1 in the presence of chloride revealed that chloride binds directly to the catalytic site, providing a basis for the unique position of the catalytic lysine. Mutagenesis of the chloride-binding site rendered the kinase less sensitive to inhibition of autophosphorylation by chloride, validating the binding site. Thus, these data suggest that WNK1 functions as a chloride sensor through direct binding of a regulatory chloride ion to the active site, which inhibits autophosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Piala
- 1Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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30
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Wang L, Liu Y, Wang H, Liu X, Chen J, Wang MH, Wang J, Huang H. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids attenuating hypotonic-induced apoptosis of IMCD cells via γ-ENaC inhibition. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94400. [PMID: 24713619 PMCID: PMC3979856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner medulla collecting duct (IMCD) cells are the key part for urinary concentration. Hypotonic stress may trigger apoptosis of IMCD cells and induce renal injury. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) play an important role in anti-apoptosis, but their roles in hypotonic-induced apoptosis of IMCD cells are still unclear. Here we found increasing exogenous 11, 12-EET or endogenous EETs with Ad-CMV-CYP2C23-EGFP transfection decreased apoptosis of IMCD cells induced by hypotonic stress. Moreover, up-regulation of γ-ENaC induced by hypotonic stress was abolished by elevation of exogenous or endogenous EETs. Collectively, this study illustrated that EETs attenuated hypotonic-induced apoptosis of IMCD cells, and that regulation of γ-ENAC may be a possible mechanism contributing to the anti-apoptotic effect of EETs in response to hypotonic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huamin Wang
- Zhongshan City Hospital of Chinese Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
- Radiotherapy Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mong-Heng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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31
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Qu Z, Yao W, Yao R, Liu X, Yu K, Hartzell C. The Ca(2+) -activated Cl(-) channel, ANO1 (TMEM16A), is a double-edged sword in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Cancer Med 2014; 3:453-61. [PMID: 24639373 PMCID: PMC4101736 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since anoctamin 1 ANO1 (TMEM16A) was found to be a molecular component of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels, its role in tumorigenesis has gained attention at a fast pace. ANO1 overexpression frequently occurs in the cancer tissues along with 11q13 chromosome amplification. Poor prognosis of many types of cancers has been closely correlated with ANO1 gene amplification and protein overexpression. ANO1 is now considered an excellent biomarker for certain cancers. Recent research suggests that it is the channel function of ANO1 that is involved in the tumorigenesis. However, how the overexpression of the functional ANO1 causes malignant transformation of tissues via signaling pathways, for example, MAPK remains to be investigated. Clarification of the reasons in future will avail to make ANO1 as a target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China; State Key Physiological Discipline, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
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32
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Osaki LH, Gama P. MAPKs and signal transduction in the control of gastrointestinal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10143-61. [PMID: 23670595 PMCID: PMC3676833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are activated by several stimuli and transduce the signal inside cells, generating diverse responses including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Each MAPK cascade comprises a series of molecules, and regulation takes place at different levels. They communicate with each other and with additional pathways, creating a signaling network that is important for cell fate determination. In this review, we focus on ERK, JNK, p38 and ERK5, the major MAPKs, and their interactions with PI3K-Akt, TGFβ/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. More importantly, we describe how MAPKs regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in the rapidly renewing epithelia that lines the gastrointestinal tract and, finally, we highlight the recent findings on nutritional aspects that affect MAPK transduction cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana H Osaki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Yu H, Zhang Z, Lis A, Penner R, Fleig A. TRPM7 is regulated by halides through its kinase domain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2757-71. [PMID: 23471296 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a divalent-selective cation channel fused to an atypical α-kinase. TRPM7 is a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation, processes accompanied by mandatory cell volume changes. Osmolarity-induced cell volume alterations regulate TRPM7 through molecular crowding of solutes that affect channel activity, including magnesium (Mg(2+)), Mg-nucleotides and a further unidentified factor. Here, we assess whether chloride and related halides can act as negative feedback regulators of TRPM7. We find that chloride and bromide inhibit heterologously expressed TRPM7 in synergy with intracellular Mg(2+) ([Mg(2+)]i) and this is facilitated through the ATP-binding site of the channel's kinase domain. The synergistic block of TRPM7 by chloride and Mg(2+) is not reversed during divalent-free or acidic conditions, indicating a change in protein conformation that leads to channel inactivation. Iodide has the strongest inhibitory effect on TRPM7 at physiological [Mg(2+)]i. Iodide also inhibits endogenous TRPM7-like currents as assessed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, where upregulation of SLC5A5 sodium-iodide symporter enhances iodide uptake and inhibits cell proliferation. These results indicate that chloride could be an important factor in modulating TRPM7 during osmotic stress and implicate TRPM7 as a possible molecular mechanism contributing to the anti-proliferative characteristics of intracellular iodide accumulation in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Yu
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, 1301 Punchbowl St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Abstract
In the present report, we studied if an isoflavone, genistein, enhances the nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Application of genistein enhanced the NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Knockdown of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) abolished the stimulatory effect of genistein on the neurite outgrowth. These observations indicate that NKCC1 is essential for genistein to stimulate the NGF-induced neurite outgrowth, although genistein had no effect on the protein expression of NKCC1. On the other hand, genistein activates NKCC1 as shown in our previous study. Taken together, these observations indicate that genistein enhanced the NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via activation of NKCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Regulation of epithelial sodium transport via epithelial Na+ channel. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:978196. [PMID: 22028593 PMCID: PMC3196915 DOI: 10.1155/2011/978196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal epithelial Na+ transport plays an important role in homeostasis of our body fluid content and blood pressure. Further, the Na+ transport in alveolar epithelial cells essentially controls the amount of alveolar fluid that should be kept at an appropriate level for normal gas exchange. The epithelial Na+ transport is generally mediated through two steps: (1) the entry step of Na+ via epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) at the apical membrane and (2) the extrusion step of Na+ via the Na+, K+-ATPase at the basolateral membrane. In general, the Na+ entry via ENaC is the rate-limiting step. Therefore, the regulation of ENaC plays an essential role in control of blood pressure and normal gas exchange. In this paper, we discuss two major factors in ENaC regulation: (1) activity of individual ENaC and (2) number of ENaC located at the apical membrane.
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Shiozaki A, Otsuji E, Marunaka Y. Intracellular chloride regulates the G 1/S cell cycle progression in gastric cancer cells. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2011; 3:119-22. [PMID: 22007274 PMCID: PMC3192220 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v3.i8.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that ion channels/transporters play important roles in fundamental cellular functions. Several reports indicating the important roles of Cl- channels/transporters on cell proliferation suggest that the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) regulated by them would be one of critical messengers. We investigated whether the [Cl-]i controls cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in human gastric cancer cells. Our studies indicated that furosemide, a blocker of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC), diminished cell growth by delaying the G1-S phase progression in gastric cancer cells with high expression and activity of NKCC. Furthermore, we found that the culture in the low Cl- medium (replacement of Cl- by NO3-) decreased the [Cl-]i and inhibited cell growth of gastric cancer cells and that this inhibition of cell growth was due to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase caused by diminution of CDK2 and phosphorylated Rb. The culture of cells in the low Cl- medium significantly increased expressions of p21 mRNA and protein. In addition, the low Cl- medium induced phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Treatment with an inhibitor of p38 or JNK significantly suppressed p21 upregulation caused by culture in a low Cl- medium and rescued gastric cancer cells from the low Cl--induced G1 cell cycle arrest. These findings revealed that the [Cl-]i affects the cell proliferation via activation of MAPKs through upregulation of p21 in gastric cancer cells. Our results suggest that the [Cl-]i regulates important cellular functions in gastric cancer cells, leading to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Atsushi Shiozaki, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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