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Huang Y, Liu F, Lai J, Jiang S, Tan X, Chen L, Xu Y, Xiong X, Deng Y. The adjuvant treatment role of ω-3 fatty acids by regulating gut microbiota positively in the acne vulgaris. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2299107. [PMID: 38164791 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2299107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objectives:We aimed to explore the potential role of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids on acne vulgaris by modulating gut microbiota.Materials and Methods:We randomly divided the untreated acne patients into two groups with or without ω-3 fatty acids intervention for 12 weeks. The Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with acne model were given isotretinoin, ω-3 fatty acids or their combination respectively. Then the colonic contents samples of the drug intervention SD rats were transferred to the pseudo sterile rats with acne model. The severity of the disease was assessed by the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score of the patients, and the swelling rate of auricle and the pathological section of the rat with acne model. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to detect the alteration of the gut microbiota.Results:ω-3 fatty acids could increase the diversity of the gut microbiota and regulate the flora structure positively both in the patients and rats, increase the abundance of butyric acid producing bacteria and GAGS score in the patients, and alleviate the inflammation and comedones of rats.Conclusion:Supplementation of ω-3 fatty acids could alleviate the inflammation of acne vulgaris by increasing the abundance of butyric acid producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Huang
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuming Liu
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jindong Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyu Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tan
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingna Chen
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiong Deng
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Sato T, Oshi M, Huang JL, Chida K, Roy AM, Endo I, Takabe K. CD133 expression is associated with less DNA repair, better response to chemotherapy and survival in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4148608. [PMID: 38585981 PMCID: PMC10996805 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4148608/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose CD133, a cancer stem cells (CSC) marker, has been reported to be associated with treatment resistance and worse survival in triple-negative breast cancer (BC). However, the clinical relevance of CD133 expression in ER-positive/HER2-negative (ER+/HER2-) BC, the most abundant subtype, remains unknown. Methods The BC cohorts from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC, n = 1904) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 1065) were used to obtain biological variables and gene expression data. Results Epithelial cells were the exclusive source of CD133 gene expression in a bulk BC. CD133-high ER+/HER2- BC was associated with CD24, NOTCH1, DLL1, and ALDH1A1 gene expressions, as well as with WNT/β-Catenin, Hedgehog, and Notchsignaling pathways, all characteristic for CSC. Consistent with a CSC phenotype, CD133-low BC was enriched with gene sets related to cell proliferation, such as G2M Checkpoint, MYC Targets V1, E2F Targets, and Ki67 gene expression. CD133-low BC was also linked with enrichment of genes related to DNA repair, such as BRCA1, E2F1, E2F4, CDK1/2. On the other hand, CD133-high tumors had proinflammatory microenvironment, higher activity of immune cells, and higher expression of genes related to inflammation and immune response. Finally, CD133-high tumors had better pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in GSE25066 cohort and better disease-free survival and overall survival in both TCGA and METABRIC cohorts. Conclusion CD133-high ER+/HER2- BC was associated with CSC phenotype such as less cell proliferation and DNA repair, but also with enhanced inflammation, better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masanori Oshi
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Itaru Endo
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
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3
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Ganduri V, Rajasekaran K, Duraiyarasan S, Adefuye MA, Manjunatha N. Colorectal Carcinoma, Cyclooxygenases, and COX Inhibitors. Cureus 2022; 14:e28579. [PMID: 36185863 PMCID: PMC9521169 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common of gastrointestinal cancers, the majority presenting with sporadic occurrence compared to the less frequently inherited syndromes. The increasing incidence, decreasing gender and age disparities, and the prevalent risk factors are concerning. The malignancy arising from benign precursor polyps transforms slowly over time. The adenoma variant polyps reported a marked upregulation of cyclooxygenases (COX), significantly COX-2 isoform, influenced by various determinants such as genetics, pathology, histology, and site of the carcinoma. These COX enzymes are responsible for prostaglandin synthesis and the consequent cascade of cell inflammation and proliferation. Therefore, COX inhibition by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) targeted against both the isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 have been studied for decades in anticipation of preventing the occurrence of colorectal carcinoma in high-risk populations. This article has collated and highlighted the overexpression of COX enzymes by the adenomatous polyps and provides corroborating evidence from multiple studies in favor of COX inhibition by NSAIDs. Aspirin and Sulindac were two drugs to be initially proven to halt the progression and cause regression of the polyps. Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor besides NSAIDs, was also used in experimental studies.
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4
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Seifert C, Balz E, Herzog S, Korolev A, Gaßmann S, Paland H, Fink MA, Grube M, Marx S, Jedlitschky G, Tzvetkov MV, Rauch BH, Schroeder HWS, Bien-Möller S. PIM1 Inhibition Affects Glioblastoma Stem Cell Behavior and Kills Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011126. [PMID: 34681783 PMCID: PMC8541331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite comprehensive therapy and extensive research, glioblastoma (GBM) still represents the most aggressive brain tumor in adults. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to play a major role in tumor progression and resistance of GBM cells to radiochemotherapy. The PIM1 kinase has become a focus in cancer research. We have previously demonstrated that PIM1 is involved in survival of GBM cells and in GBM growth in a mouse model. However, little is known about the importance of PIM1 in cancer stem cells. Here, we report on the role of PIM1 in GBM stem cell behavior and killing. PIM1 inhibition negatively regulates the protein expression of the stem cell markers CD133 and Nestin in GBM cells (LN-18, U-87 MG). In contrast, CD44 and the astrocytic differentiation marker GFAP were up-regulated. Furthermore, PIM1 expression was increased in neurospheres as a model of GBM stem-like cells. Treatment of neurospheres with PIM1 inhibitors (TCS PIM1-1, Quercetagetin, and LY294002) diminished the cell viability associated with reduced DNA synthesis rate, increased caspase 3 activity, decreased PCNA protein expression, and reduced neurosphere formation. Our results indicate that PIM1 affects the glioblastoma stem cell behavior, and its inhibition kills glioblastoma stem-like cells, pointing to PIM1 targeting as a potential anti-glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Seifert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Ellen Balz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Susann Herzog
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Anna Korolev
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Sebastian Gaßmann
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Heiko Paland
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Matthias A. Fink
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Markus Grube
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Sascha Marx
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Gabriele Jedlitschky
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Mladen V. Tzvetkov
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Bernhard H. Rauch
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Henry W. S. Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
| | - Sandra Bien-Möller
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.S.); (E.B.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (S.G.); (H.P.); (M.A.F.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (M.V.T.); (B.H.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (H.W.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-03834-865646
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Lucchetti D, Perelli L, Colella F, Ricciardi-Tenore C, Scoarughi GL, Barbato G, Boninsegna A, De Maria R, Sgambato A. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound affects growth, differentiation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5363-5377. [PMID: 31967331 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) offers potentially important opportunities from a therapeutic point of view. Thus, the study of the biological effects of US on cancer cells is important to understand the consequences of these changes on the malignant phenotype. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-intensity ultrasound (LIPUS) on the phenotype of colorectal cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation was evaluated by viability test and by evaluation of pERK expression, while cell motility using the scratch test. Cell differentiation was evaluated assessing alkaline phosphatase activity. Epithelial mesenchymal transition was assessed by analyzing the expression of Vimentin and E-Cadherin. Release and uptake of extracellular vesicles (EVs) were evaluated by flow cytometry. LIPUS effects on the organization of cytoskeleton were analyzed by confocal microscopy and by evaluation of Rho GTPase expression. No alterations in vitality and clonogenicity were observed when the intermediate (0.4 MPa) and the lowest (0.035 MPa) acoustic intensities were administered while the treatment with high intensity (1 MPa) induced a reduction of both cell viability and clonogenicity in both cell lines in a frequency-dependent manner. LIPUS promoted the differentiation of colon cancer cells, affected epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, promoted the closure of a wound as well as increased the release of EVs compared with untreated cells. LIPUS-induced increase in cell motility was likely due to a Rho GTPase-dependent mechanism. Overall, the results obtained warrant further studies on the potential combined effect of LIPUS with differentiating agents and on their potential use in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Lucchetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Perelli
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Filomena Colella
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alma Boninsegna
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Scientific Direction, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
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CD147 Promotes Cell Small Extracellular Vesicles Release during Colon Cancer Stem Cells Differentiation and Triggers Cellular Changes in Recipient Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020260. [PMID: 31973205 PMCID: PMC7072373 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that are involved in the remodeling of tumor microenvironment (TME) and can promote tumor progression. The role of sEVs and their molecular key players in colon cancer stem cells differentiation are poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze the role and content of sEVs released during the differentiation of colorectal cancer stem cells. Here we show that sEVs secretion during colon cancer stem cells differentiation is partially controlled by CD147, a well-known player involved in colon cancer tumorigenesis. CD147 + sEVs activate a signaling cascade in recipient cells inducing molecular invasive features in colon cancer cells. CD147 knockdown as well as anti-CD147 antibodies impaired sEVs release and downstream effects on recipient cells and blocking multivesicular body maturation prevented sEVs release during the differentiation. Our findings reveal a functional role of CD147 in promoting sEVs release during the differentiation of colon cancer stem cells and in triggering cellular changes in recipient cells.
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Sun Y, Lai X, Yu Y, Li J, Cao L, Lin W, Huang C, Liao J, Chen W, Li C, Yang C, Ying M, Chen Q, Ye Y. Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) mediates stemness of colorectal cancer cells through the Id1-c-Myc-PLAC8 axis via the Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling pathways. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6855-6869. [PMID: 31440083 PMCID: PMC6664424 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s207167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) is upregulated in multiple cancers, and Id1overexpression correlates with cancer aggressiveness and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, its roles in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are still elusive. Purpose This study aimed to examine the role of Id1 on the mediation of CRC stemness and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Id1 and CD133 expression was detected by qPCR assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in normal mucosal and primary colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens. Id1 was stably knocked down (KD) in human CRC cell lines. Spheres forming assay and tumorigenic assay were performed to evaluate self-renewal capacity and tumor initiation. Expression of CSC- and EMT-related markers and TCF/LEF activity were assessed in HCT116 cells after Id1 KD. Results qPCR assay showed higher Id1 and CD133 expression in CRC specimens than in normal mucosal specimens (P<0.05). IHC detected high cytoplasmic Id1 expression in 35 CRC specimens (46.7%), and high CD133 expression in 22 CRC specimens (29.3%) and negative expression in 18 normal mucosal specimens. High Id1 expression positively correlated with poor differentiation (P=0.034), and CD133 expression correlated with T category in CRC patients (P=0.002). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between Id1 and CD133 expression in CRC patients (P<0.05). Id1 KD resulted in suppression of proliferation, cell-colony formation, self-renewal capability and CSC-like features in HCT116 cells, and impaired the tumor-initiating capability in CRC cells. In addition, Id1 maintained the stemness of CRC cells via the Id1-c-Myc-PLAC8 axis through activating the Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling pathways. Conclusions Id1 expression significantly correlates with CD133 expression in CRC patients, and Id1 KD impairs CSC-like capacity and reverses EMT traits, partially via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Id1 may be a promising therapeutic target against colon CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Li
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine , Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wansong Lin
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine , Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanzhong Huang
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine , Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Liao
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine , Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunkang Yang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingang Ying
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbin Ye
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine , Fuzhou 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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8
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Cheah PL, Li J, Looi LM, Teoh KH, Ong DBL, Arends MJ. DNA mismatch repair and CD133-marked cancer stem cells in colorectal carcinoma. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5530. [PMID: 30221090 PMCID: PMC6138039 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Except for a few studies with contradictory observations, information is lacking on the possibility of association between DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status and the presence of cancer stem cells in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), two important aspects in colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods Eighty (40 right-sided and 40 left-sided) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary CRC were immunohistochemically studied for CD133, a putative CRC stem cell marker, and MMR proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. CD133 expression was semi-quantitated for proportion of tumor immunopositivity on a scale of 0-5 and staining intensity on a scale of 0-3 with a final score (units) being the product of proportion and intensity of tumor staining. The tumor was considered immunopositive only when the tumor demonstrated moderate to strong intensity of CD133 staining (a decision made after analysis of CD133 expression in normal colon). Deficient MMR (dMMR) was interpreted as unequivocal loss of tumor nuclear staining for any MMR protein despite immunoreactivity in the internal positive controls. Results CD133 was expressed in 36 (90.0%) left-sided and 28 (70.0%) right-sided tumors (p < 0.05) and CD133 score was significantly higher in left- (mean ± SD = 9.6 ± 5.3 units) compared with right-sided tumors (mean ± SD = 6.8 ± 5.6 units) p < 0.05). dMMR was noted in 14 (35%) right-sided and no (0%) left-sided CRC. When stratified according to MMR status, dMMR cases showed a lower frequency of CD133 expression (42.9%) and CD133 score (mean ± SD = 2.5 ± 3.6 units) compared with pMMR tumors on the right (frequency = 84.6%; mean score ± SD = 9.2 ± 5.0 units) as well as pMMR tumors on the left (frequency = 90.0%; mean score ± SD = 9.6 ± 5.3 units) (p < 0.05). Interestingly, frequencies of CD133 immunoreactivity and CD133 scores did not differ between pMMR CRC on the right versus the left (p > 0.05). Conclusion Proficient MMR correlated with high levels of CD133-marked putative cancer stem cells in both right- and left-sided tumors, whereas significantly lower levels of CD133-marked putative cancer stem cells were associated with deficient MMR status in colorectal carcinomas found on the right.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaik-Leng Cheah
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai-Meng Looi
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kean-Hooi Teoh
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Diana Bee-Lan Ong
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mark J Arends
- Division of Pathology, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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9
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Navas T, Pfister TD, Colantonio S, Aziz A, Dieckman L, Saul RG, Kaczmarczyk J, Borgel S, Alcoser SY, Hollingshead MG, Lee YH, Bottaro DP, Hiltke T, Whiteley G, Takebe N, Kinders RJ, Parchment RE, Tomaszewski JE, Doroshow JH. Novel antibody reagents for characterization of drug- and tumor microenvironment-induced changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199361. [PMID: 29928062 PMCID: PMC6013203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumors are associated with tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis, necessitating the development of reagents for unambiguous detection of CSC- and EMT-associated proteins in tumor specimens. To this end, we generated novel antibodies to EMT- and CSC-associated proteins, including Goosecoid, Sox9, Slug, Snail, and CD133. Importantly, unlike several widely used antibodies to CD133, the anti-CD133 antibodies we generated recognize epitopes distal to known glycosylation sites, enabling analyses that are not confounded by differences in CD133 glycosylation. For all target proteins, we selected antibodies that yielded the expected target protein molecular weights by Western analysis and the correct subcellular localization patterns by immunofluorescence microscopy assay (IFA); binding selectivity was verified by immunoprecipitation−mass spectrometry and by immunohistochemistry and IFA peptide blocking experiments. Finally, we applied these reagents to assess modulation of the respective markers of EMT and CSCs in xenograft tumor models by IFA. We observed that the constitutive presence of human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) in the tumor microenvironment of H596 non-small cell lung cancer tumors implanted in homozygous hHGF knock-in transgenic mice induced a more mesenchymal-like tumor state (relative to the epithelial-like state when implanted in control SCID mice), as evidenced by the elevated expression of EMT-associated transcription factors detected by our novel antibodies. Similarly, our new anti-CD133 antibody enabled detection and quantitation of drug-induced reductions in CD133-positive tumor cells following treatment of SUM149PT triple-negative breast cancer xenograft models with the CSC/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor VS-6063. Thus, our novel antibodies to CSC- and EMT-associated factors exhibit sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for immunofluorescence microscopy studies of these processes in preclinical xenograft tumor specimens and the potential for application with clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Navas
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarker Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas D. Pfister
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarker Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Simona Colantonio
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amina Aziz
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lynda Dieckman
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Richard G. Saul
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jan Kaczmarczyk
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Borgel
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sergio Y. Alcoser
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melinda G. Hollingshead
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Young H. Lee
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donald P. Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gordon Whiteley
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Kinders
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarker Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ralph E. Parchment
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarker Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph E. Tomaszewski
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James H. Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Wuebben EL, Rizzino A. The dark side of SOX2: cancer - a comprehensive overview. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44917-44943. [PMID: 28388544 PMCID: PMC5546531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotency-associated transcription factor SOX2 is essential during mammalian embryogenesis and later in life, but SOX2 expression can also be highly detrimental. Over the past 10 years, SOX2 has been shown to be expressed in at least 25 different cancers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the roles of SOX2 in cancer and focuses on two broad topics. The first delves into the expression and function of SOX2 in cancer focusing on the connection between SOX2 levels and tumor grade as well as patient survival. As part of this discussion, we address the developing connection between SOX2 expression and tumor drug resistance. We also call attention to an under-appreciated property of SOX2, its levels in actively proliferating tumor cells appear to be optimized to maximize tumor growth - too little or too much SOX2 dramatically alters tumor growth. The second topic of this review focuses on the exquisite array of molecular mechanisms that control the expression and transcriptional activity of SOX2. In addition to its complex regulation at the transcriptional level, SOX2 expression and activity are controlled carefully by microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and post-translational modifications. In the Conclusion and Future Perspectives section, we point out that there are still important unanswered questions. Addressing these questions is expected to lead to new insights into the functions of SOX2 in cancer, which will help design novels strategies for more effectively treating some of the most deadly cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Wuebben
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Angie Rizzino
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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11
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Qureshi-Baig K, Ullmann P, Haan S, Letellier E. Tumor-Initiating Cells: a criTICal review of isolation approaches and new challenges in targeting strategies. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:40. [PMID: 28209178 PMCID: PMC5314476 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancers contain a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Targeting TICs may be essential to achieve cure, because of their self-renewal and tumorigenic properties as well as their resistance to conventional therapies. Despite significant advances in TIC biology, their isolation and identification remain largely disputed and incompletely established. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in isolation and culturing approaches of TICs, with focus on colorectal cancer (CRC). We feature recent findings on TIC-relevant signaling pathways and the metabolic identity of TICs, as well as their current clinical implications. Lastly, we highlight the influence of inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity on TIC function and targeting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Qureshi-Baig
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Pit Ullmann
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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12
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Boccaccio A, Uva AE, Papi M, Fiorentino M, De Spirito M, Monno G. Nanoindentation characterisation of human colorectal cancer cells considering cell geometry, surface roughness and hyperelastic constitutive behaviour. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:045703. [PMID: 27981954 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/4/045703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Characterisation of the mechanical behaviour of cancer cells is an issue of crucial importance as specific cell mechanical properties have been measured and utilized as possible biomarkers of cancer progression. Atomic force microscopy certainly occupies a prominent place in the field of the mechanical characterisation devices. We developed a hybrid approach to characterise different cell lines (SW620 and SW480) of the human colon carcinoma submitted to nanoindentation measurements. An ad hoc algorithm was written that compares the force-indentation curves experimentally retrieved with those predicted by a finite element model that simulates the nanoindentation process and reproduces the cell geometry and the surface roughness. The algorithm perturbs iteratively the values of the cell mechanical properties implemented in the finite element model until the difference between the experimental and numerical force-indentation curves reaches the minimum value. The occurrence of this indicates that the implemented material properties are very close to the real ones. Different hyperelastic constitutive models, such as Arruda-Boyce, Mooney-Rivlin and Neo-Hookean were utilized to describe the structural behaviour of indented cells. The algorithm was capable of separating, for all the cell lines investigated, the mechanical properties of cell cortex and cytoskeleton. Material properties determined via the algorithm were different with respect to those obtained with the Hertzian contact theory. This demonstrates that factors such as: the cell geometry/anatomy and the hyperelastic constitutive behaviour, which are not contemplated in the Hertz's theory hypotheses, do affect the nanoindentation measurements. The proposed approach represents a powerful tool that, only on the basis of nanoindentation measurements, is capable of characterising material at the subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Boccaccio
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, I-70126, Italy
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13
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Qureshi-Baig K, Ullmann P, Rodriguez F, Frasquilho S, Nazarov PV, Haan S, Letellier E. What Do We Learn from Spheroid Culture Systems? Insights from Tumorspheres Derived from Primary Colon Cancer Tissue. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146052. [PMID: 26745821 PMCID: PMC4706382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their self-renewal and tumorigenic properties, tumor-initiating cells (TICs) have been hypothesized to be important targets for colorectal cancer (CRC). However the study of TICs is hampered by the fact that the identification and culturing of TICs is still a subject of extensive debate. Floating three-dimensional spheroid cultures (SC) that grow in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors are supposed to be enriched in TICs. We generated SC from fresh clinical tumor specimens and compared them to SC isolated from CRC cell-lines as well as to adherent differentiated counterparts. Patient-derived SC display self-renewal capacity and can induce serial transplantable tumors in immuno-deficient mice, which phenotypically resemble the tumor of origin. In addition, the original tumor tissue and established SC retain several similar CRC-relevant mutations. Primary SC express key stemness proteins such as SOX2, OCT4, NANOG and LGR5 and importantly show increased chemoresistance ability compared to their adherent differentiated counterparts and to cell line-derived SC. Strikingly, cells derived from spheroid or adherent differentiating culture conditions displayed similar self-renewal capacity and equally formed tumors in immune-deficient mice, suggesting that self-renewal and tumor-initiation capacity of TICs is not restricted to phenotypically immature spheroid cells, which we describe to be highly plastic and able to reacquire stem-cell traits even after long differentiation processes. Finally, we identified two genes among a sphere gene expression signature that predict disease relapse in CRC patients. Here we propose that SC derived from fresh patient tumor tissue present interesting phenotypic features that may have clinical relevance for chemoresistance and disease relapse and therefore represent a valuable tool to test for new CRC-therapies that overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Qureshi-Baig
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Pit Ullmann
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Fabien Rodriguez
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Sónia Frasquilho
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, 6 rue Nicolas Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Genomics Research Unit, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Luxembourg
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14
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Fanali C, Lucchetti D, Farina M, Corbi M, Cufino V, Cittadini A, Sgambato A. Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer from pathogenesis to therapy: Controversies and perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:923-942. [PMID: 24574766 PMCID: PMC3921545 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i4.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common and lethal malignancies worldwide despite the use of various therapeutic strategies. A better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for tumor initiation and progression is essential for the development of novel, more powerful therapies. The traditional, so-called “stochastic model” of tumor development, which assumes that each cancer cell is tumorigenic, has been deeply challenged during the past decade by the identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a biologically distinct subset of cells within the bulk of tumor mass. This discovery led to the development of the hierarchical model of tumorigenesis which assumes that only CSCs have the ability to initiate tumor growth, both at primary and metastatic sites. This model implies that the elimination of all CSCs is fundamental to eradicate tumors and that failure to do so might be responsible for the occurrence of relapses and/or metastases frequently observed in the clinical management of colorectal cancer patients. Identification and isolation of CSCs is essential for a better understanding of their role in the tumorigenetic process and for the development of CSC-specific therapies. Several methods have been used for this purpose and many efforts have been focused on the identification of specific CSC-surface markers. This review provides an overview of the proposed roles of CSC in human colorectal tumorigenesis focusing on the most important molecules identified as CSC-specific markers in colorectal cancer and on the potential strategies for the development of CSC-targeted therapy.
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15
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Mu D, Gao Z, Guo H, Zhou G, Sun B. Sodium butyrate induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human prostate cancer DU145 cells by up-regulation of the expression of annexin A1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74922. [PMID: 24086397 PMCID: PMC3781143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has emerged as a promising anticancer drug for multiple cancers. Recent studies have indicated that sodium butyrate could inhibit the progression of prostate cancer; however, the exact mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of sodium butyrate action in prostate cancer DU145 cells. Methods The inhibitory effects of NaB on cell growth were detected by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric analysis of DU145 cells stained with annexin V and PI. Hoechst 33258 and fluorescence microscopes were used to observe the nuclear morphology of DU145 cells after treatment with NaB. ANXA1 knockdown cells were established through transfection with ANXA1 siRNA. ANXA1 mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR. Bcl-2, Bax, ANXA1, ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 were detected by western blot. Results NaB significantly inhibited the growth and induction apoptosis of DU145 and PC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of the anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 in DU145 cells are decreased and expression of the pro-apoptosis gene Bax and Bak increased after NaB treatment. Further studies have demonstrated that NaB up-regulated the expression of ANXA1 and that the tumor inhibition action of NaB was reduced markedly through knockdown of the ANXA1 gene in DU145 cells. Moreover, the siANXA1 cells showed that cell proliferation increased and cell apoptosis was induced by the inactivation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). Conclusion Our results support a significant correlation between NaB functions and ANXA1 expression in prostate cancer, and pave the way for further studying the molecular mechanism of NaB actions in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Mu
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heqing Guo
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Gaobiao Zhou
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Coco C, Zannoni GF, Caredda E, Sioletic S, Boninsegna A, Migaldi M, Rizzo G, Bonetti LR, Genovese G, Stigliano E, Cittadini A, Sgambato A. Increased expression of CD133 and reduced dystroglycan expression are strong predictors of poor outcome in colon cancer patients. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2012; 31:71. [PMID: 22964035 PMCID: PMC3541988 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Expression levels of CD133, a cancer stem cell marker, and of the α-subunit of the dystroglycan (α-DG) complex, have been previously reported to be altered in colorectal cancers. Methods Expression levels of CD133 and α-DG were assessed by immunohistochemistry in a series of colon cancers and their prognostic significance was evaluated. Results Scattered cells positive for CD133 were rarely detected at the bases of the crypts in normal colonic mucosa while in cancer cells the median percentage of positive cells was 5% (range 0–80). A significant correlation was observed with pT parameter and tumor stage but not with tumor grade and N status. Recurrence and death from disease were significantly more frequent in CD133-high expressing tumors and Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significant separation between high vs low expressor groups for both disease-free (p = 0.002) and overall (p = 0.008) survival. Expression of α-DG was reduced in a significant fraction of tumors but low α-DG staining did not correlate with any of the classical clinical-pathological parameters. Recurrence and death from the disease were significantly more frequent in α-DG-low expressing tumors and Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significant separation between high vs low expressor tumors for both disease-free (p = 0.02) and overall (p = 0.02) survival. Increased expression of CD133, but not loss of α-DG, confirmed to be an independent prognostic parameters at a multivariate analysis associated with an increased risk of recurrence (RR = 2.4; p = 0.002) and death (RR = 2.3; p = 0.003). Conclusions Loss of α-DG and increased CD133 expression are frequent events in human colon cancer and evaluation of CD133 expression could help to identify high-risk colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Coco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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17
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Waldron NN, Kaufman DS, Oh S, Inde Z, Hexum MK, Ohlfest JR, Vallera DA. Targeting tumor-initiating cancer cells with dCD133KDEL shows impressive tumor reductions in a xenotransplant model of human head and neck cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1829-38. [PMID: 21862685 PMCID: PMC3191276 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel anticancer agent was constructed by fusing a gene encoding the scFV that targets both glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of CD133 to a gene fragment encoding deimmunized PE38KDEL. The resulting fusion protein, dCD133KDEL, was studied to determine its ability to bind and kill tumor-initiating cells in vitro and in vivo. The anti-CD133 scFV selectively bound HEK293 cells transfected with the CD133 receptor gene. Time course viability studies showed that dCD133KDEL selectively inhibited NA-SCC and UMSCC-11B, 2 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas that contain a CD133 expressing subpopulation. Importantly, the drug did not inhibit the viability of hematopoietic lineages measured by long-term culture-initiating cell and colony-forming assays from sorted human CD34+ progenitor cells. In addition to in vitro studies, in vivo tumor initiation experiments confirmed that CD133-sorted cells implanted into the flanks of nude mice grew faster and larger than unsorted cells. In contrast, cells that were pretreated with dCD133KDEL before implantation showed the slowest and lowest incidence of tumors. Furthermore, UMSCC-11B-luc tumors treated with multiple intratumoral injections of dCD133KDEL showed marked growth inhibition, leading to complete degradation of the tumors that was not observed with an irrelevant control-targeted toxin. Experiments in immunocompetent mice showed that toxin deimmunization resulted in a 90% reduction in circulating antitoxin levels. These studies show that dCD133KDEL is a novel anticancer agent effective at inhibiting cell proliferation, tumor initiation, and eliminating established tumors by targeting the CD133 subpopulation. This agent shows significant promise for potential development as a clinically useful therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate N Waldron
- Department of Pharmacology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC: 367, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Mak AB, Blakely KM, Williams RA, Penttilä PA, Shukalyuk AI, Osman KT, Kasimer D, Ketela T, Moffat J. CD133 protein N-glycosylation processing contributes to cell surface recognition of the primitive cell marker AC133 epitope. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41046-56. [PMID: 21937449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.261545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The AC133 epitope expressed on the CD133 glycoprotein has been widely used as a cell surface marker of numerous stem cell and cancer stem cell types. It has been recently proposed that posttranslational modification and regulation of CD133 may govern cell surface AC133 recognition. Therefore, we performed a large scale pooled RNA interference (RNAi) screen to identify genes involved in cell surface AC133 expression. Gene hits could be validated at a rate of 70.5% in a secondary assay using an orthogonal RNAi system, demonstrating that our primary RNAi screen served as a powerful genetic screening approach. Within the list of hits from the primary screen, genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis were significantly enriched as determined by Ingenuity Canonical Pathway analyses. Indeed, inhibiting biosynthesis of the N-glycan precursor using the small molecule tunicamycin or inhibiting its transfer to CD133 by generating N-glycan-deficient CD133 mutants resulted in undetectable cell surface AC133. Among the screen hits involved in N-glycosylation were genes involved in complex N-glycan processing, including the poorly characterized MGAT4C, which we demonstrate to be a positive regulator of cell surface AC133 expression. Our study identifies a set of genes involved in CD133 N-glycosylation as a direct contributing factor to cell surface AC133 recognition and provides biochemical evidence for the function and structure of CD133 N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony B Mak
- Donnelly Centre and Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
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