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Sheta M, Hassan G, Afify SM, Monzur S, Kumon K, Abu Quora HA, Farahat M, Zahra MH, Fu X, Seno A, Seno M. Chronic exposure to FGF2 converts iPSCs into cancer stem cells with an enhanced integrin/focal adhesion/PI3K/AKT axis. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:142-154. [PMID: 34455015 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the conversion of normal stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), into cancer stem cells (CSCs) without genetic manipulation. Herein, we designed a meta-analysis to assess gene expression profiles in different breast cancer cell lines focusing on the secretory factors responsible for conversion. As a result, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) was found to be the best candidate in T47D and BT549 cells, of which conditioned medium was previously successful in inducing CSCs. When treated with 3.1 μg/ml FGF2, mouse iPSCs not only maintained survival without LIF for three weeks but also acquired growth ability independent of FGF2. The resultant cells exhibited expression of stemness and cancer stem cell markers, sphere-forming ability, differentiation, and tumorigenicity with malignancy. The primary cultures of the tumor confirmed the signatures of CSCs with two different phenotypes with or without GFP expression under control of the Nanog promoter. Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression profiles suggested constitutive autocrine activation of the FGF receptor, integrins, focal adhesions, and PI3K/AKT pathways. FGF2 could potently initiate cancer as a component of the inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sheta
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Said M Afify
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sadia Monzur
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kumon
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hagar A Abu Quora
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mahmoud Farahat
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Maram H Zahra
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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Takano I, Takeshita N, Yoshida M, Seki D, Oyanagi T, Kimura S, Jiang W, Sasaki K, Sogi C, Kawatsu M, Takano-Yamamoto T. Ten-m/Odz3 regulates migration and differentiation of chondrogenic ATDC5 cells via RhoA-mediated actin reorganization. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:2906-2919. [PMID: 32960451 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-like molecule major (Ten-m)/odd Oz (Odz), a type II transmembrane molecule, is well known to modulate neural development. We have reported that Ten-m/Odz3 is expressed in cartilaginous tissues and cells. Actin cytoskeleton and its regulator ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) are closely associated with chondrogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the function and molecular mechanism of Ten-m/Odz3 during chondrogenesis, focusing on RhoA and the actin cytoskeleton. Ten-m/Odz3 was expressed in precartilaginous condensing mesenchyme in mouse limb buds. Ten-m/Odz3 knockdown in ATDC5 induced actin cytoskeleton reorganization and change of cell shape through modulation of RhoA activity and FGF2 expression. Ten-m/Odz3 knockdown suppressed ATDC5 migration and expression of genes associated with chondrogenesis, such as Sox9 and type II collagen, via RhoA. On the other hand, Ten-m/Odz3 knockdown inhibited proliferation of ATDC5 in a RhoA-independent manner. These findings suggest that Ten-m/Odz3 plays an important role in early chondrogenesis regulating RhoA-mediated actin reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Takano
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Takeshita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiko Yoshida
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Seki
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshihito Oyanagi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seiji Kimura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wei Jiang
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyo Sasaki
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chisumi Sogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawatsu
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Li R, Li DH, Zhang HY, Wang J, Li XK, Xiao J. Growth factors-based therapeutic strategies and their underlying signaling mechanisms for peripheral nerve regeneration. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1289-1300. [PMID: 32123299 PMCID: PMC7608263 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI), one of the most common concerns following trauma, can result in a significant loss of sensory or motor function. Restoration of the injured nerves requires a complex cellular and molecular response to rebuild the functional axons so that they can accurately connect with their original targets. However, there is no optimized therapy for complete recovery after PNI. Supplementation with exogenous growth factors (GFs) is an emerging and versatile therapeutic strategy for promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. GFs activate the downstream targets of various signaling cascades through binding with their corresponding receptors to exert their multiple effects on neurorestoration and tissue regeneration. However, the simple administration of GFs is insufficient for reconstructing PNI due to their short half‑life and rapid deactivation in body fluids. To overcome these shortcomings, several nerve conduits derived from biological tissue or synthetic materials have been developed. Their good biocompatibility and biofunctionality made them a suitable vehicle for the delivery of multiple GFs to support peripheral nerve regeneration. After repairing nerve defects, the controlled release of GFs from the conduit structures is able to continuously improve axonal regeneration and functional outcome. Thus, therapies with growth factor (GF) delivery systems have received increasing attention in recent years. Here, we mainly review the therapeutic capacity of GFs and their incorporation into nerve guides for repairing PNI. In addition, the possible receptors and signaling mechanisms of the GF family exerting their biological effects are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Duo-Hui Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Department of Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Cap KC, Jung YJ, Choi BY, Hyeon SJ, Kim JG, Min JK, Islam R, Hossain AJ, Chung WS, Suh SW, Ryu H, Park JB. Distinct dual roles of p-Tyr42 RhoA GTPase in tau phosphorylation and ATP citrate lyase activation upon different Aβ concentrations. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101446. [PMID: 32046944 PMCID: PMC7264465 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in plaques and phosphorylation of Tau protein (p-Tau) in neurofibrillary tangles have been identified as two major symptomatic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite of critical role of Aβ and p-Tau in AD progress, the interconnection of signalling pathways that Aβ induces p-Tau remains elusive. Herein, we observed that a popular AD model mouse (APP/PS1) and Aβ-injected mouse showed an increase in p-Tyr42 Rho in hippocampus of brain. Low concentrations of Aβ (1 μM) induced RhoA-mediated Ser422 phosphorylation of Tau protein (p-Ser422 Tau), but reduced the expression of ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in the HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell line. In contrast, high concentrations of Aβ (10 μM) along with high levels of superoxide production remarkably attenuated accumulation of p-Ser422 Tau, but augmented ACL expression and activated sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), leading to cellular senescence. Notably, a high concentration of Aβ (10 μM) induced nuclear localization of p-Tyr42 Rho, which positively regulated NAD kinase (NADK) expression by binding to the NADK promoter. Furthermore, severe AD patient brain showed high p-Tyr42 Rho levels. Collectively, our findings indicate that both high and low concentrations of Aβ are detrimental to neurons via distinct two p-Tyr42 RhoA-mediated signalling pathways in Ser422 phosphorylation of Tau and ACL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Cuong Cap
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Yeon-Joo Jung
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Laboratory for Brain Gene Regulation and Epigenetics, Center for Neuromedicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Rokibul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Jubayer Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Laboratory for Brain Gene Regulation and Epigenetics, Center for Neuromedicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Hallym Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; eLmed Co., Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Nikulina E, Gkioka V, Siddiq MM, Mellado W, Hilaire M, Cain CR, Hannila SS, Filbin MT. Myelin-associated glycoprotein inhibits neurite outgrowth through inactivation of the small GTPase Rap1. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1389-1402. [PMID: 31985825 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rap1 is a small GTPase that has been implicated in dendritic development and plasticity. In this study, we investigated the role of Rap1 in axonal growth and its activation in response to neurotrophins and myelin-associated inhibitors. We report that Rap1 is activated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor and that this activation can be blocked by myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) or central nervous system myelin, which also induced increases in Rap1GAP1 levels. In addition, we demonstrate that adenoviral overexpression of Rap1 enhances neurite outgrowth in the presence of MAG and myelin, while inhibition of Rap1 activity through overexpression of Rap1GAP1 blocks neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest that Rap1GAP1 negatively regulates neurite outgrowth, making it a potential therapeutic target to promote axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikulina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Vasiliki Gkioka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Mustafa M Siddiq
- Icahn Medical Institute 12-52, Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Melissa Hilaire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine R Cain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Sari S Hannila
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marie T Filbin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
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6
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Goldshmit Y, Tang JKKY, Siegel AL, Nguyen PD, Kaslin J, Currie PD, Jusuf PR. Different Fgfs have distinct roles in regulating neurogenesis after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Neural Dev 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 30447699 PMCID: PMC6240426 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-018-0122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite conserved developmental processes and organization of the vertebrate central nervous system, only some vertebrates including zebrafish can efficiently regenerate neural damage including after spinal cord injury. The mammalian spinal cord shows very limited regeneration and neurogenesis, resulting in permanent life-long functional impairment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that can drive efficient vertebrate neurogenesis following injury. A key pathway implicated in zebrafish neurogenesis is fibroblast growth factor signaling. Methods In the present study we investigated the roles of distinct fibroblast growth factor members and their receptors in facilitating different aspects of neural development and regeneration at different timepoints following spinal cord injury. After spinal cord injury in adults and during larval development, loss and/or gain of Fgf signaling was combined with immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and transgenes marking motor neuron populations in in vivo zebrafish and in vitro mammalian PC12 cell culture models. Results Fgf3 drives neurogenesis of Islet1 expressing motor neuron subtypes and mediate axonogenesis in cMet expressing motor neuron subtypes. We also demonstrate that the role of Fgf members are not necessarily simple recapitulating development. During development Fgf2, Fgf3 and Fgf8 mediate neurogenesis of Islet1 expressing neurons and neuronal sprouting of both, Islet1 and cMet expressing motor neurons. Strikingly in mammalian PC12 cells, all three Fgfs increased cell proliferation, however, only Fgf2 and to some extent Fgf8, but not Fgf3 facilitated neurite outgrowth. Conclusions This study demonstrates differential Fgf member roles during neural development and adult regeneration, including in driving neural proliferation and neurite outgrowth of distinct spinal cord neuron populations, suggesting that factors including Fgf type, age of the organism, timing of expression, requirements for different neuronal populations could be tailored to best drive all of the required regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Goldshmit
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jean Kitty K Y Tang
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ashley L Siegel
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Phong D Nguyen
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Patricia R Jusuf
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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7
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Vascularization converts the lineage fate of bone mesenchymal stem cells to endothelial cells in tissue-engineered bone grafts by modulating FGF2-RhoA/ROCK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:959. [PMID: 30237398 PMCID: PMC6147920 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The prevascularization of tissue-engineered bone grafts (TEBGs) has been shown to accelerate capillary vessel ingrowth in bone defect remodeling and to enhance new bone formation. However, the exact mechanisms behind this positive effect remain unknown. Here, we report that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2)-Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling functions as a molecular switch to regulate the lineage fate of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and that prevascularization promotes the cell fate switch, which contributes to increased bone regeneration with the use of prevascularized TEBGs compared with control TEBGs. Prevascularized TEBGs enhanced the in vivo endothelial differentiation of BMSCs by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling. In vitro data more clearly showed that BMSCs differentiated into von Willebrand factor (vWF)-positive endothelial cells, and FGF2-induced inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signaling played a key role. Our novel findings uncovered a new mechanism that stimulates the increased vascularization of engineered bone and enhanced regeneration by promoting the endothelial differentiation of BMSCs implanted in TEBGs. These results offer a new molecular target to regulate TEBG-induced bone regeneration.
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8
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Kim HJ, Lee WH, Kim MJ, Shin S, Jang B, Park JB, Wasco W, Buxbaum JD, Kim YS, Choi EK. Calsenilin, a Presenilin Interactor, Regulates RhoA Signaling and Neurite Outgrowth. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041196. [PMID: 29652865 PMCID: PMC5979497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsenilin modulates A-type potassium channels, regulates presenilin-mediated γ-secretase activity, and represses prodynorphin and c-fos genes expression. RhoA is involved in various cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, migration, transcription, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Although recent studies demonstrate that calsenilin can directly interact with RhoA and that RhoA inactivation is essential for neuritogenesis, it is uncertain whether there is a link between calsenilin and RhoA-regulated neuritogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of calsenilin in RhoA-regulated neuritogenesis using in vitro and in vivo systems. We found that calsenilin induced RhoA inactivation, which accompanied RhoA phosphorylation and the reduced phosphorylation levels of LIM kinase (LIMK) and cofilin. Interestingly, PC12 cells overexpressing either full-length (FL) or the caspase 3-derived C-terminal fragment (CTF) of calsenilin significantly inactivated RhoA through its interaction with RhoA and p190 Rho GTPase-activating protein (p190RhoGAP). In addition, cells expressing FL and the CTF of calsenilin had increased neurite outgrowth compared to cells expressing the N-terminal fragment (NTF) of calsenilin or vector alone. Moreover, Tat-C3 and Y27632 treatment significantly increased the percentage of neurite-bearing cells, neurite length, and the number of neurites in cells. Finally, calsenilin deficiency in the brains of calsenilin-knockout mice significantly interfered with RhoA inactivation. These findings suggest that calsenilin contributes to neuritogenesis through RhoA inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
| | - Won-Haeng Lee
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea.
| | - Mo-Jong Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea.
| | - Sunmee Shin
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
| | - Byungki Jang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea.
| | - Wilma Wasco
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea.
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9
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Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
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10
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Kim JG, Islam R, Cho JY, Jeong H, Cap KC, Park Y, Hossain AJ, Park JB. Regulation of RhoA GTPase and various transcription factors in the RhoA pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6381-6392. [PMID: 29377108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RhoA GTPase plays a variety of functions in regulation of cytoskeletal proteins, cellular morphology, and migration along with various proliferation and transcriptional activity in cells. RhoA activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), and the guanine nucleotide dissociation factor (GDI). The RhoA-RhoGDI complex exists in the cytosol and the active GTP-bound form of RhoA is located to the membrane. GDI displacement factors (GDFs) including IκB kinase γ (IKKγ) dissociate the RhoA-GDI complex, allowing activation of RhoA through GEFs. In addition, modifications of Tyr42 phosphorylation and Cys16/20 oxidation in RhoA and Tyr156 phosphorylation and oxidation of RhoGDI promote the dissociation of the RhoA-RhoGDI complex. The expression of RhoA is regulated through transcriptional factors such as c-Myc, HIF-1α/2α, Stat 6, and NF-κB along with several reported microRNAs. As the role of RhoA in regulating actin-filament formation and myosin-actin interaction has been well described, in this review we focus on the transcriptional activity of RhoA and also the regulation of RhoA message itself. Of interest, in the cytosol, activated RhoA induces transcriptional changes through filamentous actin (F-actin)-dependent ("actin switch") or-independent means. RhoA regulates the activity of several transcription regulators such as serum response factor (SRF)/MAL, AP-1, NF-κB, YAP/TAZ, β-catenin, and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Interestingly, RhoA also itself is localized to the nucleus by an as-yet-undiscovered mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rokibul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Y Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwalrim Jeong
- Department of Paediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Hospital Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim-Cuong Cap
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Abu J Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kovacs-Kasa A, Kim KM, Cherian-Shaw M, Black SM, Fulton DJ, Verin AD. Extracellular adenosine-induced Rac1 activation in pulmonary endothelium: Molecular mechanisms and barrier-protective role. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5736-5746. [PMID: 29168172 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that Gs-coupled adenosine receptors (A2a) are primarily involved in adenosine-induced human pulmonary artery endothelial cell (HPAEC) barrier enhancement. However, the downstream events that mediate the strengthening of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier via adenosine signaling are largely unknown. In the current study, we tested the overall hypothesis that adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and EC barrier enhancement is mediated by Gs-dependent stimulation of cAMP-dependent Epac1-mediated signaling cascades. Adenoviral transduction of HPAEC with constitutively-active (C/A) Rac1 (V12Rac1) significantly increases transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) reflecting an enhancement of the EC barrier. Conversely, expression of an inactive Rac1 mutant (N17Rac1) decreases TER reflecting a compromised EC barrier. The adenosine-induced increase in TER was accompanied by activation of Rac1, decrease in contractility (MLC dephosphorylation), but not Rho inhibition. Conversely, inhibition of Rac1 activity attenuates adenosine-induced increase in TER. We next examined the role of cAMP-activated Epac1 and its putative downstream targets Rac1, Vav2, Rap1, and Tiam1. Depletion of Epac1 attenuated the adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and the increase in TER. Furthermore, silencing of Rac1 specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Vav2 and Rap1a expression significantly attenuated adenosine-induced increases in TER and activation of Rac1. Depletion of Rap1b only modestly impacted adenosine-induced increases in TER and Tiam1 depletion had no effect on adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and TER. Together these data strongly suggest that Rac1 activity is required for adenosine-induced EC barrier enhancement and that the activation of Rac1 and ability to strengthen the EC barrier depends, at least in part, on cAMP-dependent Epac1/Vav2/Rap1-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kovacs-Kasa
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kyung Mi Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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12
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Choi EK, Kim JG, Kim HJ, Cho JY, Jeong H, Park Y, Islam R, Cap CK, Park JB. Regulation of RhoA GTPase and novel target proteins for ROCK. Small GTPases 2017; 11:95-102. [PMID: 29199510 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1364831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases play significant roles in cellular function and their activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), providing activation and inactivation of these GTPases, respectively. Active GTP-bound form of RhoA activates its effector proteins while the inactive GDP-bound form of RhoA exists in a RhoA-RhoGDI (guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor) complex in the cytosol. In particular, IκB kinase γ IKKγ/NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) plays a role as a GDI displacement factor (GDF) for RhoA activation through binding to RhoA-RhoGDI complex. Meanwhile, prion protein inactivates RhoA despite RhoA/RhoGDI association. Novel target proteins for Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) such as glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and IKKβ are recently discovered. Here, we elaborate on a post-translationally modified version of RhoA, phosphorylated at Tyr42 and oxidized at Cys16/20. This form of RhoA dissociates from RhoA-RhoGDI complex and activates IKKβ on IKKγ/NEMO, thus providing possibly a critical role for tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Ahnyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Ahnyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Cell Differentiation and Ageing, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hwalrim Jeong
- Department of Paediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rokibul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cuong Kim Cap
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Cell Differentiation and Ageing, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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13
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Travan L, Naviglio S, De Cunto A, Pellegrin A, Pecile V, Spinelli AM, Cappellani S, Faletra F. Phenotypic expression of 19q13.32 microdeletions: Report of a new patient and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1970-1974. [PMID: 28411391 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic manifestations of microdeletions in the 19q13.32 region are still poorly known. In this paper we report a patient who presented with hypotonia, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, micrognathia, kyphoscoliosis, and buried penis. Chromosomal microarray revealed an interstitial 327 kb de novo microdeletion in the 19q13.32 region comprising eight genes (ARGHAP35, NPAS1, TMEM160, ZC3H4, SAE1, BBC3, MIR3190, and MIR3191). Previously reported cases of microdeletions in the 19q13.32 region were reviewed and compared to our patient, highlighting the common features of a possible 19q13.32 microdeletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Travan
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Samuele Naviglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Angela De Cunto
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Pellegrin
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vanna Pecile
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Cappellani
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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14
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Kim HJ, Choi HS, Park JH, Kim MJ, Lee HG, Petersen RB, Kim YS, Park JB, Choi EK. Regulation of RhoA activity by the cellular prion protein. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2668. [PMID: 28300846 PMCID: PMC5386549 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a highly conserved glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein that is involved in the signal transduction during the initial phase of neurite outgrowth. The Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is a small GTPase that is known to have an essential role in regulating the development, differentiation, survival, and death of neurons in the central nervous system. Although recent studies have shown the dysregulation of RhoA in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, the role of RhoA in prion pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the regulation of RhoA-mediated signaling by PrPC using both in vitro and in vivo models and found that overexpression of PrPC significantly induced RhoA inactivation and RhoA phosphorylation in hippocampal neuronal cells and in the brains of transgenic mice. Using siRNA-mediated depletion of endogenous PrPC and overexpression of disease-associated mutants of PrPC, we confirmed that PrPC induced RhoA inactivation, which accompanied RhoA phosphorylation but reduced the phosphorylation levels of LIM kinase (LIMK), leading to cofilin activation. In addition, PrPC colocalized with RhoA, and the overexpression of PrPC significantly increased neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cells through RhoA inactivation. However, the disease-associated mutants of PrPC decreased neurite outgrowth compared with wild-type PrPC. Moreover, inhibition of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) substantially facilitated neurite outgrowth in NGF-treated PC12 cells, similar to the effect induced by PrPC. Interestingly, we found that the induction of RhoA inactivation occurred through the interaction of PrPC with RhoA and that PrPC enhanced the interaction between RhoA and p190RhoGAP (a GTPase-activating protein). These findings suggest that the interactions of PrPC with RhoA and p190RhoGAP contribute to neurite outgrowth by controlling RhoA inactivation and RhoA-mediated signaling and that disease-associated mutations of PrPC impair RhoA inactivation, which in turn leads to prion-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Park
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Jong Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Gon Lee
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert Bob Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Astrocyte-to-neuron communication through integrin-engaged Thy-1/CBP/Csk/Src complex triggers neurite retraction via the RhoA/ROCK pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:243-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Dung TTM, Yi YS, Heo J, Yang WS, Kim JH, Kim HG, Park JG, Yoo BC, Cho JY, Hong S. Critical role of protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase in basic fibroblast growth factor-mediated neuronal cell differentiation. BMB Rep 2017; 49:437-42. [PMID: 26973341 PMCID: PMC5070731 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.8.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the role of protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) in neuronal differentiation using basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced neuronal differentiation, characterized by cell-body shrinkage, long neurite outgrowth, and expression of neuronal differentiation markers light and medium neurofilaments (NF). The bFGF-mediated neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells was induced through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling molecules [MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p90RSK], and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling molecules PI3Kp110β, PI3Kp110γ, Akt, and mTOR. Inhibitors (adenosine dialdehyde and S-adenosylhomocysteine) of protein methylation suppressed bFGF-mediated neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. PIMT-eficiency caused by PIMT-specific siRNA inhibited neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells by suppressing phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway and Akt and mTOR in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, these results suggested that PIMT was critical for bFGF-mediated neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells and regulated the MAPK and Akt signaling pathways. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(8): 437-442]
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Affiliation(s)
- To Thi Mai Dung
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
| | - Jieun Heo
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sungyoul Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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17
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Bao H, Li F, Wang C, Wang N, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Wu J, Shi Y. Structural Basis for the Specific Recognition of RhoA by the Dual GTPase-activating Protein ARAP3. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16709-19. [PMID: 27311713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.736140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ARAP3 (Arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat, and PH domain-containing protein 3) is unique for its dual specificity GAPs (GTPase-activating protein) activity for Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6) and RhoA (Ras homolog gene family member A) regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and a small GTPase Rap1-GTP and is involved in regulation of cell shape and adhesion. However, the molecular interface between the ARAP3-RhoGAP domain and RhoA is unknown, as is the substrates specificity of the RhoGAP domain. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of RhoA in complex with the RhoGAP domain of ARAP3. The structure of the complex presented a clear interface between the RhoGAP domain and RhoA. By analyzing the crystal structure and in combination with in vitro GTPase activity assays and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments, we identified the crucial residues affecting RhoGAP activity and substrates specificity among RhoA, Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), and Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42 homolog).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Bao
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Fudong Li
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Chongyuan Wang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Na Wang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yajun Tang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jihui Wu
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
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18
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Kshitiz, Afzal J, Kim DH, Levchenko A. Concise review: Mechanotransduction via p190RhoGAP regulates a switch between cardiomyogenic and endothelial lineages in adult cardiac progenitors. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1999-2007. [PMID: 24710857 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues can have pleiotropic influence on stem cell shape, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis, and are increasingly realized to play an instructive role in regeneration and maintenance of tissue structure and functions. To explore the putative effects of mechanical cues in regeneration of the cardiac tissue, we investigated therapeutically important cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), a heterogeneous patient- or animal-specific cell population containing c-Kit(+) multipotent stem cells. We showed that mechanical cues can instruct c-Kit(+) cell differentiation along two lineages with corresponding morphogenic changes, while also serving to amplify the initial c-Kit(+) subpopulation. In particular, mechanical cues mimicking the structure of myocardial extracellular matrix specify cardiomyogenic fate, while cues mimicking myocardium rigidity specify endothelial fates. Furthermore, we found that these cues dynamically regulate the same molecular species, p190RhoGAP, which then acts through both RhoA-dependent and independent mechanisms. Thus, differential regulation of p190RhoGAP molecule by either mechanical inputs or genetic manipulation can determine lineage type specification. Since human CDCs are already in phase II clinical trials, the potential therapeutic use of mechanical or genetic manipulation of the cell fate could enhance effectiveness of these progenitor cells in cardiac repair, and shed new light on differentiation mechanisms in cardiac and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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19
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Tang R, Gao L, Kawatani M, Chen J, Cao X, Osada H, Xiang L, Qi J. Neuritogenic Activity of Tetradecyl 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoate Is Mediated through the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor/Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:326-34. [PMID: 26013540 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.097758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetradecyl 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (ABG-001) is a lead compound derived from neuritogenic gentisides. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which ABG-001 induces neurite outgrowth in a rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12). Inhibitors of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 significantly decreased ABG-001-induced neurite outgrowth. Western blot analysis revealed that ABG-001 significantly induced phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptor, protein kinase B (Akt), ERK, and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB). These effects were markedly reduced by addition of the corresponding inhibitors. We also found that ABG-001-induced neurite outgrowth was reduced by protein kinase C inhibitor as well as small-interfering RNA against the IGF-1 receptor. Furthermore, like ABG-001, IGF-1 also induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells, and low-dose nerve growth factor augmented the observed effects of ABG-001 on neurite outgrowth. These results suggest that ABG-001 targets the IGF-1 receptor and activates PI3K, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and their downstream signaling cascades to induce neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (R.T., L.G., J.C., X.C., L.X., J.Q.); and Chemical Biology Core Facility, RIKEN, Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan (M.K., H.O.)
| | - Lijuan Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (R.T., L.G., J.C., X.C., L.X., J.Q.); and Chemical Biology Core Facility, RIKEN, Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan (M.K., H.O.)
| | - Makoto Kawatani
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (R.T., L.G., J.C., X.C., L.X., J.Q.); and Chemical Biology Core Facility, RIKEN, Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan (M.K., H.O.)
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (R.T., L.G., J.C., X.C., L.X., J.Q.); and Chemical Biology Core Facility, RIKEN, Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan (M.K., H.O.)
| | - Xueli Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (R.T., L.G., J.C., X.C., L.X., J.Q.); and Chemical Biology Core Facility, RIKEN, Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan (M.K., H.O.)
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (R.T., L.G., J.C., X.C., L.X., J.Q.); and Chemical Biology Core Facility, RIKEN, Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan (M.K., H.O.)
| | - Lan Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (R.T., L.G., J.C., X.C., L.X., J.Q.); and Chemical Biology Core Facility, RIKEN, Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan (M.K., H.O.)
| | - Jianhua Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China (R.T., L.G., J.C., X.C., L.X., J.Q.); and Chemical Biology Core Facility, RIKEN, Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan (M.K., H.O.)
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20
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Song Y, Jiang J, Vermeren S, Tong W. ARAP3 functions in hematopoietic stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116107. [PMID: 25542002 PMCID: PMC4277471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ARAP3 is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that inactivates Arf6 and RhoA small GTPases. ARAP3 deficiency in mice causes a sprouting angiogenic defect resulting in embryonic lethality by E11. Mice with an ARAP3 R302,303A mutation (Arap3KI/KI) that prevents activation by phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) have a similar angiogenic phenotype, although some animals survive to adulthood. Here, we report that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from rare adult Arap3KI/KI bone marrow are compromised in their ability to reconstitute recipient mice and to self-renew. To elucidate the potential cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous roles of ARAP3 in hematopoiesis, we conditionally deleted Arap3 in hematopoietic cells and in several cell types within the HSC niche. Excision of Arap3 in hematopoietic cells using Vav1-Cre does not alter the ability of ARAP3-deficient progenitor cells to proliferate and differentiate in vitro or ARAP3-deficient HSCs to provide multi-lineage reconstitution and to undergo self-renewal in vivo. Thus, our data suggest that ARAP3 does not play a cell-autonomous role in HSPCs. Deletion of Arap3 in osteoblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells using Prx1-Cre resulted in no discernable phenotypes in hematopoietic development or HSC homeostasis in adult mice. In contrast, deletion of Arap3 using vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC or Cdh5)-driven Cre resulted in embryonic lethality, however HSCs from surviving adult mice were largely normal. Reverse transplantations into VEC-driven Arap3 conditional knockout mice revealed no discernable difference in HSC frequencies or function in comparison to control mice. Taken together, our investigation suggests that despite a critical role for ARAP3 in embryonic vascular development, its loss in endothelial cells minimally impacts HSCs in adult bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Song
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sonja Vermeren
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Evidence for fibroblast growth factor-2 as a mediator of amphetamine-enhanced motor improvement following stroke. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108031. [PMID: 25229819 PMCID: PMC4168218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we have shown that addition of amphetamine to physical therapy results in enhanced motor improvement following stroke in rats, which was associated with the formation of new motor pathways from cortical projection neurons of the contralesional cortex. It is unclear what mechanisms are involved, but amphetamine is known to induce the neuronal release of catecholamines as well as upregulate fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expression in the brain. Since FGF-2 has been widely documented to stimulate neurite outgrowth, the present studies were undertaken to provide evidence for FGF-2 as a neurobiological mechanism underlying amphetamine-induced neuroplasticity. In the present study rats that received amphetamine plus physical therapy following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion exhibited significantly greater motor improvement over animals receiving physical therapy alone. Amphetamine plus physical therapy also significantly increased the number of FGF-2 expressing pyramidal neurons of the contralesional cortex at 2 weeks post-stroke and resulted in significant axonal outgrowth from these neurons at 8 weeks post-stroke. Since amphetamine is a known releaser of norepinephrine, in vitro analyses focused on whether noradrenergic stimulation could lead to neurite outgrowth in a manner requiring FGF-2 activity. Primary cortical neurons did not respond to direct stimulation by norepinephrine or amphetamine with increased neurite outgrowth. However, conditioned media from astrocytes exposed to norepinephrine or isoproterenol (a beta adrenergic agonist) significantly increased neurite outgrowth when applied to neuronal cultures. Adrenergic agonists also upregulated FGF-2 expression in astrocytes. Pharmacological analysis indicated that beta receptors and alpha1, but not alpha2, receptors were involved in both effects. Antibody neutralization studies demonstrated that FGF-2 was a critical contributor to neurite outgrowth induced by astrocyte-conditioned media. Taken together the present results suggest that noradrenergic activation, when combined with physical therapy, can improve motor recovery following ischemic damage by stimulating the formation of new neural pathways in an FGF-2-dependent manner.
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Lakshmikanthan S, Zieba BJ, Ge ZD, Momotani K, Zheng X, Lund H, Artamonov MV, Maas JE, Szabo A, Zhang DX, Auchampach JA, Mattson DL, Somlyo AV, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M. Rap1b in smooth muscle and endothelium is required for maintenance of vascular tone and normal blood pressure. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1486-94. [PMID: 24790136 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small GTPase Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1b) controls several basic cellular phenomena, and its deletion in mice leads to several cardiovascular defects, including impaired adhesion of blood cells and defective angiogenesis. We found that Rap1b(-/-) mice develop cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension. Therefore, we examined the function of Rap1b in regulation of blood pressure. APPROACH AND RESULTS Rap1b(-/-) mice developed cardiac hypertrophy and elevated blood pressure, but maintained a normal heart rate. Correcting elevated blood pressure with losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, alleviated cardiac hypertrophy in Rap1b(-/-) mice, suggesting a possibility that cardiac hypertrophy develops secondary to hypertension. The indices of renal function and plasma renin activity were normal in Rap1b(-/-) mice. Ex vivo, we examined whether the effect of Rap1b deletion on smooth muscle-mediated vessel contraction and endothelium-dependent vessel dilation, 2 major mechanisms controlling basal vascular tone, was the basis for the hypertension. We found increased contractility on stimulation with a thromboxane analog or angiotensin II or phenylephrine along with increased inhibitory phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase under basal conditions consistent with elevated basal tone and the observed hypertension. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent relaxation in response to Rap1 activator, Epac, was decreased in vessels from Rap1b(-/-) mice. Defective endothelial release of dilatory nitric oxide in response to elevated blood flow leads to hypertension. We found that nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation was significantly inhibited in Rap1b-deficient vessels. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to indicate that Rap1b in both smooth muscle and endothelium plays a key role in maintaining blood pressure by controlling normal vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sribalaji Lakshmikanthan
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Bartosz J Zieba
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Ko Momotani
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Hayley Lund
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Mykhaylo V Artamonov
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Jason E Maas
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Aniko Szabo
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - David X Zhang
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - John A Auchampach
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - David L Mattson
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Avril V Somlyo
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Magdalena Chrzanowska-Wodnicka
- From the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (S.L., M.C.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.J.Z., K.M., M.V.A., A.V.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.-D.G., J.A.A.), Cardiovascular Center (Z.-D.G., X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z., J.A.A.), Department of Medicine (X.Z., J.E.M., D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (H.L., D.L.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
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Mie M, Sasaki S, Kobatake E. Construction of a bFGF-tethered multi-functional extracellular matrix protein through coiled-coil structures for neurite outgrowth induction. Biomed Mater 2013; 9:015004. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/9/1/015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Antibodies directed to Neisseria gonorrhoeae impair nerve growth factor-dependent neurite outgrowth in Rat PC12 cells. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 52:353-65. [PMID: 24203572 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In children born from mothers with prenatal infections with the Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, schizophrenia risk is increased in later life. Since cortical neuropil formation is frequently impaired during this disease, actions of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum directed to N. gonorrhoeae on neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-stimulated PC12 cells were investigated here. It turned out that 10 μg/ml of the antiserum leads indeed to a significant reduction in neurite outgrowth, whereas an antiserum directed to Neisseria meningitidis had no such effect. Furthermore, reduction in neurite outgrowth could be reversed by the neuroleptic drugs haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine. On the molecular level, the observed effects seem to include the known neuritogenic transcription factors FoxO3a and Stat3, since reduced neurite outgrowth caused by the antiserum was accompanied by a reduced phosphorylation of both factors. In contrast, restitution of neurite outgrowth by neuroleptic drugs revealed no correlation to the phosphorylation state of these factors. The present report gives a first hint that bacterial infections could indeed lead to impaired neuropil formation in vitro; however, the in vivo relevance of this finding for schizophrenia pathogenesis remains to be clarified in the future.
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Huang YC, Yang YT. Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor released from chitosan-fucoidan nanoparticles on neurite extension. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:418-27. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science; National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelung Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science; National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelung Taiwan
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LMX1B is part of a transcriptional complex with PSPC1 and PSF. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53122. [PMID: 23308148 PMCID: PMC3537735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The LIM homeodomain transcription factor Lmx1b is essential for the development of the isthmic organizer and mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons. The uncoupling of Pitx3 and Th expression, in the Lmx1b null mutant, suggests that Lmx1b may act as a positional activator of the mdDA domain, eventually leading to properly differentiating mdDA neurons. In this study, we aimed to elucidate how Lmx1b functions mechanistically in this developmental process, by searching for molecular interactors of Lmx1b at the protein level. Initially, affinity-purification of LMX1B-HIS overexpressed protein in MN9D dopaminergic cells followed by mass-spectrometry analysis, resulted in the identification of PSPC1 protein as a possible binding partner of LMX1B. Subsequent immunoprecipitation experiments revealed an interaction between LMX1B and PSPC1 in a larger protein complex also containing PSF. This complex was observed in vitro and in vivo, and we hypothesize that, via PSF and PSPC1, LMX1B may be part of the previously identified Nurr1 transcriptional complex wherein interaction with the co-repressor PSF and the transcription factor Pitx3 is needed to drive expression of Nurr1 target genes in specifying the dopaminergic phenotype. Furthermore, we identified GRLF1, DHX9, MYO1C, HSP70 and TMPO as potential LMX1B interactors. DHX9 and GRLF1 are highly expressed in the developing mdDA neuronal field, and GRLF1 and MYO1C have both been linked to neurite outgrowth. The identification of these proteins suggests that Lmx1b may act directly in the transcriptional activation of Nurr1 target genes and be involved in other processes like neurite outgrowth as well.
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Rap1 can bypass the FAK-Src-Paxillin cascade to induce cell spreading and focal adhesion formation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50072. [PMID: 23209645 PMCID: PMC3507925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed new image analysis tools to analyse quantitatively the extracellular-matrix-dependent cell spreading process imaged by live-cell epifluorescence microscopy. Using these tools, we investigated cell spreading induced by activation of the small GTPase, Rap1. After replating and initial adhesion, unstimulated cells exhibited extensive protrusion and retraction as their spread area increased, and displayed an angular shape that was remodelled over time. In contrast, activation of endogenous Rap1, via 007-mediated stimulation of Epac1, induced protrusion along the entire cell periphery, resulting in a rounder spread surface, an accelerated spreading rate and an increased spread area compared to control cells. Whereas basal, anisotropic, spreading was completely dependent on Src activity, Rap1-induced spreading was refractory to Src inhibition. Under Src inhibited conditions, the characteristic Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylations of FAK and paxillin did not occur, but Rap1 could induce the formation of actomyosin-connected adhesions, which contained vinculin at levels comparable to that found in unperturbed focal adhesions. From these results, we conclude that Rap1 can induce cell adhesion and stimulate an accelerated rate of cell spreading through mechanisms that bypass the canonical FAK-Src-Paxillin signalling cascade.
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Gonzalez-Billault C, Muñoz-Llancao P, Henriquez DR, Wojnacki J, Conde C, Caceres A. The role of small GTPases in neuronal morphogenesis and polarity. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2012; 69:464-85. [PMID: 22605667 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly dynamic remodeling and cross talk of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton support neuronal morphogenesis. Small RhoGTPases family members have emerged as crucial regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. In this review we will comprehensively analyze findings that support the participation of RhoA, Rac, Cdc42, and TC10 in different neuronal morphogenetic events ranging from migration to synaptic plasticity. We will specifically address the contribution of these GTPases to support neuronal polarity and axonal elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology and Institute for Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Li Y, Kim JG, Kim HJ, Moon MY, Lee JY, Kim J, Kim SC, Song DK, Kim YS, Park JB. Small GTPases Rap1 and RhoA regulate superoxide formation by Rac1 GTPases activation during the phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized zymosans in macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1796-805. [PMID: 22330068 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytic NADPH oxidase plays a critical role in superoxide generation in macrophage cells. Small GTPases, including Rac1 and Rac2, have been implicated in the regulation of NADPH oxidase activity. Rap1, which has no effect in a cell-free system of oxidase activation, recently has been proven to colocalize with cytochrome b(558). In addition, neutrophils from rap1A(-/-) mice reduce fMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Here, we tried to determine whether Rap1 also plays a role in the production of superoxide. IgG-opsonized zymosan (IOZ) particles treatment induced Rap1 activation and superoxide generation. Knock-down of Rap1 by si-Rap1 suppressed IOZ-induced superoxide formation. Sh-RhoA also reduced superoxide levels, but 8CPT-2Me-cAMP, an activator of Epac1 (a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of Rap1), could recover the levels to the control value. When cells were stimulated by IOZ, Rap1 and Rac1 were translocated to the membrane, and then interacted with p22(phox). 8CPT-2Me-cAMP rescued sh-RhoA-induced reduction of the interaction between Rac1 and p22(phox), and enhanced lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced increase of their interaction. Moreover, Rac1 activity was increased by both LPA and 8CPT-2Me-cAMP when treated with IOZ particles. Si-Vav2 impaired GTP-Rac1 levels in response to 8CPT-2Me-cAMP/IOZ. Phosphorylation of RhoA activates Rac1 in response to IOZ by the enhanced binding of phospho-RhoA to RhoGDI, leading to the release of Rac1 from the Rac1-RhoGDI complex. In conclusion, IOZ treatment induces Rap1 activation and phosphorylation of RhoA, which in turn cause Rac1 activation and promote Rac1 translocation to the membrane leading to binding with p22(phox) that activates NADPH oxidase and produces superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-702, Republic of Korea
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Jones SE, Palmer TM. Protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of RhoA on serine 188 triggers the rapid induction of a neuroendocrine-like phenotype in prostate cancer epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1504-14. [PMID: 22504159 PMCID: PMC3510439 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Whilst androgen ablation therapy is used to treat locally advanced or metastatic forms of prostate cancer, side-effects can include the emergence of an androgen-independent neuroendocrine cell population which is associated with poor prognosis. Here we have examined how cyclic AMP elevation regulates early events in the neuroendocrine differentiation process. We demonstrate that selective activation of protein kinase A is necessary and sufficient for cyclic AMP (cAMP) elevation to rapidly promote a neuroendocrine phenotype in LNCaP cells independent of de novo protein synthesis. Furthermore, the effects of cAMP could be recapitulated by inhibition of RhoA signalling or pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase. Conversely, expression of constitutively active Gln63Leu-mutated RhoA acted as a dominant-negative inhibitor of cAMP-mediated NE phenotype formation. Consistent with these observations, cAMP elevation triggered the PKA-dependent phosphorylation of RhoA on serine 188, and a non-phosphorylatable Ser188Ala RhoA mutant functioned as a dominant-negative inhibitor of cAMP-mediated neuroendocrine phenotype formation. These results suggest that PKA-mediated inhibition of RhoA via its phosphorylation on serine 188 and the subsequent inhibition of ROCK activity plays a key role in determining initial changes in cellular morphology during LNCaP cell differentiation to a neuroendocrine phenotype. It also raises the possibility that targeted suppression of this pathway to inhibit neuroendocrine cell expansion might be a useful adjuvant to conventional prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Jones
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Zhou ZD, Sathiyamoorthy S, Tan EK. LINGO-1 and Neurodegeneration: Pathophysiologic Clues for Essential Tremor. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 2. [PMID: 23439882 PMCID: PMC3569903 DOI: 10.7916/d8pz57jv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET), one of the most common adult-onset movement disorders, has been associated with cerebellar Purkinje cell degeneration and formation of brainstem Lewy bodies. Recent findings suggest that genetic variants of the leucine-rich repeat and Ig domain containing 1 (LINGO-1) gene could be risk factors for ET. The LINGO-1 protein contains both leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains in its extracellular region, as well as a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. LINGO-1 can form a ternary complex with Nogo-66 receptor (NgR1) and p75. Binding of LINGO-1 with NgR1 can activate the NgR1 signaling pathway, leading to inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the central nervous system. LINGO-1 has also been found to bind with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and induce downregulation of the activity of EGFR-PI3K-Akt signaling, which might decrease Purkinje cell survival. Therefore, it is possible that genetic variants of LINGO-1, either alone or in combination with other genetic or environmental factors, act to increase LINGO-1 expression levels in Purkinje cells and confer a risk to Purkinje cell survival in the cerebellum.Here, we provide a concise summary of the link between LINGO-1 and neurodegeneration and discuss various hypotheses as to how this could be potentially relevant to ET pathogenesis.
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Jeon CY, Moon MY, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Kim JG, Li Y, Jin JK, Kim PH, Kim HC, Meier KE, Kim YS, Park JB. Control of neurite outgrowth by RhoA inactivation. J Neurochem 2011; 120:684-98. [PMID: 22035369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
cAMP induces neurite outgrowth in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line 12 (PC12). In particular, di-butyric cAMP (db-cAMP) induces a greater number of primary processes with shorter length than the number induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). db-cAMP up- and down-regulates GTP-RhoA levels in PC12 cells in a time-dependent manner. Tat-C3 toxin stimulates neurite outgrowth, whereas lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and constitutively active (CA)-RhoA reduce neurite outgrowth, suggesting that RhoA inactivation is essential for the neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells stimulated by cAMP. In this study, the mechanism by which RhoA is inactivated in response to cAMP was examined. db-cAMP induces phosphorylation of RhoA and augments the binding of RhoA with Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI). Moreover, RhoA (S188D) mimicking phosphorylated RhoA induces greater neurite outgrowth than RhoA (S188A) mimicking dephosphorylated form does. Additionally, db-cAMP increases GTP-Rap1 levels, and dominant negative (DN)-Rap1 and DN-Rap-dependent RhoGAP (ARAP3) block neurite outgrowth induced by db-cAMP. DN-p190RhoGAP and the Src inhibitor PP2 suppress neurite outgrowth, whereas transfection of c-Src and p190RhoGAP cDNAs synergistically stimulate neurite outgrowth. Taken together, RhoA is inactivated by phosphorylation of itself, by p190RhoGAP which is activated by Src, and by ARAP3 which is activated by Rap1 during neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells in response to db-cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, South Korea
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Kang YS, Bae MK, Kim JY, Jeong JW, Yun I, Jang HO, Bae SK. Visfatin induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2011; 504:121-126. [PMID: 21945543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The angiogenic and inflammatory functions of visfatin and its effect on vascular cells, are fairly well known. However, its role within the nervous system remains largely unclear. To gain insight into this area, we studied the neuritogenic effect of visfatin on PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. We investigated whether visfatin gene expression, which is upregulated by hypoxia in cancer cells, is associated with neuritogenesis in PC12 cells. Using RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, ELISA, morphological observations, and immunostaining, we initially showed that CoCl(2), a hypoxic mimetic agent, upregulated visfatin gene expression along with neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. We also showed that visfatin stimulated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Moreover, in PC12 cells, visfatin evoked the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), which is closely linked to neuritogenesis. Visfatin-induced outgrowth of neurites was prevented by inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that visfatin induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via the activation of an ERK-dependent pathway, and suggest that visfatin may exert various biological, physiological, and pathological functions in not only the vascular system but also the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Soon Kang
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea; Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
| | - Jee-Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
| | - Joo-Won Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Il Yun
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea; Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ock Jang
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea; Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea; Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea; Medical Research Institute, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea.
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