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Mussa A, Leoni C, Iacoviello M, Carli D, Ranieri C, Pantaleo A, Buonuomo PS, Bagnulo R, Ferrero GB, Bartuli A, Melis D, Maitz S, Loconte DC, Turchiano A, Piglionica M, De Luisi A, Susca FC, Bukvic N, Forleo C, Selicorni A, Zampino G, Onesimo R, Cappuccio G, Garavelli L, Novelli C, Memo L, Morando C, Della Monica M, Accadia M, Capurso M, Piscopo C, Cereda A, Di Giacomo MC, Saletti V, Spinelli AM, Lastella P, Tenconi R, Dvorakova V, Irvine AD, Resta N. Genotypes and phenotypes heterogeneity in PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum and overlapping conditions: 150 novel patients and systematic review of 1007 patients with PIK3CA pathogenetic variants. J Med Genet 2023; 60:163-173. [PMID: 35256403 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postzygotic activating PIK3CA variants cause several phenotypes within the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). Variant strength, mosaicism level, specific tissue involvement and overlapping disorders are responsible for disease heterogeneity. We explored these factors in 150 novel patients and in an expanded cohort of 1007 PIK3CA-mutated patients, analysing our new data with previous literature to give a comprehensive picture. METHODS We performed ultradeep targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on DNA from skin biopsy, buccal swab or blood using a panel including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway genes and GNAQ, GNA11, RASA1 and TEK. Additionally, 914 patients previously reported were systematically reviewed. RESULTS 93 of our 150 patients had PIK3CA pathogenetic variants. The merged PROS cohort showed that PIK3CA variants span thorough all gene domains, some were exclusively associated with specific PROS phenotypes: weakly activating variants were associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, and strongly activating variants with extra-CNS phenotypes. Among the 57 with a wild-type PIK3CA allele, 11 patients with overgrowth and vascular malformations overlapping PROS had variants in GNAQ, GNA11, RASA1 or TEK. CONCLUSION We confirm that (1) molecular diagnostic yield increases when multiple tissues are tested and by enriching NGS panels with genes of overlapping 'vascular' phenotypes; (2) strongly activating PIK3CA variants are found in affected tissue, rarely in blood: conversely, weakly activating mutations more common in blood; (3) weakly activating variants correlate with CNS involvement, strong variants are more common in cases without; (4) patients with vascular malformations overlapping those of PROS can harbour variants in genes other than PIK3CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Genetics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Iacoviello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Diana Carli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ranieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Sabrina Buonuomo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Bagnulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, MBBM Foundation, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Daria Carmela Loconte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Turchiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marilidia Piglionica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Annunziata De Luisi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Claudio Susca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Nenad Bukvic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Novelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Memo
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Bortolo Hospital of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Carla Morando
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Bortolo Hospital of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Maria Accadia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital "Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Italy
| | - Martina Capurso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Carmelo Piscopo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Napoli, Italy, Italy
| | - Anna Cereda
- Pediatric Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Saletti
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Lastella
- Centro Sovraziendale di Assistenza e Ricerca per le Malattie Rare, Internal Medicine Unit 'C. Frugoni', Ospedale Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Romano Tenconi
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Genetics, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronika Dvorakova
- Dermatology Clinic, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Dermatology Clinic, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Loberti L, Bruno LP, Granata S, Doddato G, Resciniti S, Fava F, Carullo M, Rahikkala E, Jouret G, Menke LA, Lederer D, Vrielynck P, Ryba L, Brunetti-Pierri N, Lasa-Aranzasti A, Cueto-González AM, Trujillano L, Valenzuela I, Tizzano EF, Spinelli AM, Bruno I, Currò A, Stanzial F, Benedicenti F, Lopergolo D, Santorelli FM, Aristidou C, Tanteles GA, Maystadt I, Tkemaladze T, Reimand T, Lokke H, Õunap K, Haanpää MK, Holubová A, Zoubková V, Schwarz M, Žordania R, Muru K, Roht L, Tihveräinen A, Teek R, Thomson U, Atallah I, Superti-Furga A, Buoni S, Canitano R, Scandurra V, Rossetti A, Grosso S, Battini R, Baldassarri M, Mencarelli MA, Rizzo CL, Bruttini M, Mari F, Ariani F, Renieri A, Pinto AM. Natural history of KBG syndrome in a large European cohort. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4131-4142. [PMID: 35861666 PMCID: PMC9759332 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
KBG syndrome (KBGS) is characterized by distinctive facial gestalt, short stature and variable clinical findings. With ageing, some features become more recognizable, allowing a differential diagnosis. We aimed to better characterize natural history of KBGS. In the context of a European collaborative study, we collected the largest cohort of KBGS patients (49). A combined array- based Comparative Genomic Hybridization and next generation sequencing (NGS) approach investigated both genomic Copy Number Variants and SNVs. Intellectual disability (ID) (82%) ranged from mild to moderate with severe ID identified in two patients. Epilepsy was present in 26.5%. Short stature was consistent over time, while occipitofrontal circumference (median value: -0.88 SD at birth) normalized over years. Cerebral anomalies, were identified in 56% of patients and thus represented the second most relevant clinical feature reinforcing clinical suspicion in the paediatric age when short stature and vertebral/dental anomalies are vague. Macrodontia, oligodontia and dental agenesis (53%) were almost as frequent as skeletal anomalies, such as brachydactyly, short fifth finger, fifth finger clinodactyly, pectus excavatum/carinatum, delayed bone age. In 28.5% of individuals, prenatal ultrasound anomalies were reported. Except for three splicing variants, leading to a premature termination, variants were almost all frameshift. Our results, broadening the spectrum of KBGS phenotype progression, provide useful tools to facilitate differential diagnosis and improve clinical management. We suggest to consider a wider range of dental anomalies before excluding diagnosis and to perform a careful odontoiatric/ear-nose-throat (ENT) evaluation in order to look for even submucosal palate cleft given the high percentage of palate abnormalities. NGS approaches, following evidence of antenatal ultrasound anomalies, should include ANKRD11.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefania Granata
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Centre, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Doddato
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Centre, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Sara Resciniti
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Centre, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Centre, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Michele Carullo
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Centre, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Elisa Rahikkala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, PEDEGO Research Unit, and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Guillaume Jouret
- National Center of Genetics (NCG), Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Leonie A Menke
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam 1100, The Netherlands
| | - Damien Lederer
- Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique; Centre de Génétique Humaine, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Pascal Vrielynck
- William Lennox Neurological Hospital, Reference Center for Refractory Epilepsy UCLouvain, Ottignies 1340, Belgium
| | - Lukáš Ryba
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University – 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 00, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Amaia Lasa-Aranzasti
- Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcellona 08035, Spain
| | | | - Laura Trujillano
- Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcellona 08035, Spain
| | - Irene Valenzuela
- Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcellona 08035, Spain
| | - Eduardo F Tizzano
- Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcellona 08035, Spain
| | | | - Irene Bruno
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste 34100, Italy
| | - Aurora Currò
- Genetic Counseling Service, Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Franco Stanzial
- Genetic Counseling Service, Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedicenti
- Genetic Counseling Service, Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Diego Lopergolo
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disease Unit, Pisa 98125, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disease Unit, Pisa 98125, Italy
| | - Constantia Aristidou
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus
| | - George A Tanteles
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique; Centre de Génétique Humaine, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Tinatin Tkemaladze
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
| | - Tiia Reimand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetic and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50406, Estonia,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Helen Lokke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetic and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50406, Estonia,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetic and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50406, Estonia,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Maria K Haanpää
- Department of Genomics and Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Andrea Holubová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University – 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 00, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Zoubková
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University – 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Schwarz
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University – 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 00, Czech Republic
| | - Riina Žordania
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetic and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Kai Muru
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetic and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50406, Estonia,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Laura Roht
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetic and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50406, Estonia,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Annika Tihveräinen
- Department of Child Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Rita Teek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetic and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Ulvi Thomson
- Centre for Neurological Diseases, West-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn 10617, Estonia
| | - Isis Atallah
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Buoni
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Roberto Canitano
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Valeria Scandurra
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Rossetti
- Clinical Paediatrics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grosso
- Clinical Paediatrics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Pisa 98125, Italy,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Centre, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Lo Rizzo
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Mirella Bruttini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Centre, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Francesca Mari
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Centre, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Francesca Ariani
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Centre, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Medical Genetics Unit, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy. Tel: 39 0577 233303; Fax: 39 0577 233325;
| | - Anna Maria Pinto
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena 53100, Italy
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Cappuccio G, Brunetti-Pierri N, Clift P, Learn C, Dykes JC, Mercer CL, Callewaert B, Meerschaut I, Spinelli AM, Bruno I, Gillespie MJ, Dorfman AT, Grimberg A, Lindsay ME, Lin AE. Expanded cardiovascular phenotype of Myhre syndrome includes tetralogy of Fallot suggesting a role for SMAD4 in human neural crest defects. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1384-1395. [PMID: 35025139 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) can be associated with a wide range of extracardiac anomalies, with an underlying etiology identified in approximately 10% of cases. Individuals affected with Myhre syndrome due to recurrent SMAD4 mutations frequently have cardiovascular anomalies, including congenital heart defects. In addition to two patients in the literature with ToF, we describe five additional individuals with Myhre syndrome and classic ToF, ToF with pulmonary atresia and multiple aorto-pulmonary collaterals, and ToF with absent pulmonary valve. Aorta hypoplasia was documented in one patient and suspected in another two. In half of these individuals, postoperative cardiac dysfunction was thought to be more severe than classic postoperative ToF repair. There may be an increase in right ventricular pressure, and right ventricular dysfunction due to free pulmonic regurgitation. Noncardiac developmental abnormalities in our series and the literature, including corectopia, heterochromia iridis, and congenital miosis suggest an underlying defect of neural crest cell migration in Myhre syndrome. We advise clinicians that Myhre syndrome should be considered in the genetic evaluation of a child with ToF, short stature, unusual facial features, and developmental delay, as these children may be at risk for increased postoperative morbidity. Additional research is needed to investigate the hypothesis that postoperative hemodynamics in these patients may be consistent with restrictive myocardial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Paul Clift
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher Learn
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John C Dykes
- Departments of Pediatrics, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Catherine L Mercer
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse Meerschaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Irene Bruno
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matthew J Gillespie
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron T Dorfman
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark E Lindsay
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela E Lin
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Valencic E, Piscianz E, Sirchia F, Tommasini A, Faletra F, Todaro F, Spinelli AM, Badolato R. Tregs and Th17 lymphocytes in human DYRK1A haploinsufficiency. Immunol Lett 2019; 214:52-54. [PMID: 31442541 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Valencic
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elisa Piscianz
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Francesca Todaro
- Institute of Molecular Medicine "Angelo Nocivelli", Asst Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | | | - Raffaele Badolato
- Institute of Molecular Medicine "Angelo Nocivelli", University of Brescia; Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy; Asst Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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Pellegrin MC, Spinelli AM, Tornese G, Barbi E. Unilateral testicular enlargement in a teenager with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: a case report. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:79. [PMID: 31291982 PMCID: PMC6617850 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a rare congenital overgrowth disorder. A major feature is lateralized overgrowth, which can variably involve a single body district up to the entire hemisome. Visceral asymmetrical involvement has been observed, commonly represented by enlargement of one kidney or adrenal gland, rather than one gonad. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a pubertal boy affected by BWS, who developed a progressive testicular enlargement, ipsilateral to the pre-existing external body overgrowth. Asymptomatic unilateral testis enlargement started after regular pubertal onset and worsened over time, without any associated pathological findings in a long-term follow-up. Since biopsy is not indicated in case of benign macro-orchidism, we hypothesize that this asymmetric enlargement could be an expression of visceral lateralized overgrowth in BWS. CONCLUSIONS At the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of unilateral testicular overgrowth in BWS. We revised common causes of painless unilateral scrotal masses in the pediatric age. Considering both the overall frequency of neoplasia and the malignancies predisposition in BWS, a testicular cancer should be carefully ruled out through a close follow-up, before stating a benign condition. A normal ultrasound pattern, together with normal serum hormonal levels and negative tumor markers, make testicular neoplasms highly unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Pellegrin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Egidio Barbi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.,University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Bottega R, Cappellani S, Fabretto A, Spinelli AM, Severini GM, Aloisio M, Faleschini M, Athanasakis E, Bruno I, Faletra F, Pecile V. Could a chimeric condition be responsible for unexpected genetic syndromes? The role of the single nucleotide polymorphism-array analysis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e546. [PMID: 30628197 PMCID: PMC6418439 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, is reported the identification of two chimeric patients, a rare finding if sexual abnormalities are absent. However, their chimeric condition is responsible at least for the Silver-Russell phenotype observed in one of the two patients. By single nucleotide polymorphism-array analyses, it was possible to clearly define the mechanism responsible for this unusual finding, underlining the importance of this technique in bringing out the perhaps submerged world of chimeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bottega
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Cappellani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Fabretto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Michelangelo Aloisio
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Faleschini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Irene Bruno
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Vanna Pecile
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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Rizzolo P, Silvestri V, Bucalo A, Zelli V, Valentini V, Catucci I, Zanna I, Masala G, Bianchi S, Spinelli AM, Tommasi S, Tibiletti MG, Russo A, Varesco L, Coppa A, Calistri D, Cortesi L, Viel A, Bonanni B, Azzollini J, Manoukian S, Montagna M, Radice P, Palli D, Peterlongo P, Ottini L. Contribution of MUTYH Variants to Male Breast Cancer Risk: Results From a Multicenter Study in Italy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:583. [PMID: 30564557 PMCID: PMC6288482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited mutations in BRCA1, and, mainly, BRCA2 genes are associated with increased risk of male breast cancer (MBC). Mutations in PALB2 and CHEK2 genes may also increase MBC risk. Overall, these genes are functionally linked to DNA repair pathways, highlighting the central role of genome maintenance in MBC genetic predisposition. MUTYH is a DNA repair gene whose biallelic germline variants cause MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) syndrome. Monoallelic MUTYH variants have been reported in families with both colorectal and breast cancer and there is some evidence on increased breast cancer risk in women with monoallelic variants. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether MUTYH germline variants may contribute to MBC susceptibility. To this aim, we screened the entire coding region of MUTYH in 503 BRCA1/2 mutation negative MBC cases by multigene panel analysis. Moreover, we genotyped selected variants, including p.Tyr179Cys, p.Gly396Asp, p.Arg245His, p.Gly264Trpfs*7, and p.Gln338His, in a total of 560 MBC cases and 1,540 male controls. Biallelic MUTYH pathogenic variants (p.Tyr179Cys/p.Arg241Trp) were identified in one MBC patient with phenotypic manifestation of adenomatous polyposis. Monoallelic pathogenic variants were identified in 14 (2.5%) MBC patients, in particular, p.Tyr179Cys was detected in seven cases, p.Gly396Asp in five cases, p.Arg245His and p.Gly264Trpfs*7 in one case each. The majority of MBC cases with MUTYH pathogenic variants had family history of cancer including breast, colorectal, and gastric cancers. In the case-control study, an association between the variant p.Tyr179Cys and increased MBC risk emerged by multivariate analysis [odds ratio (OR) = 4.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-17.58; p = 0.028]. Overall, our study suggests that MUTYH pathogenic variants may have a role in MBC and, in particular, the p.Tyr179Cys variant may be a low/moderate penetrance risk allele for MBC. Moreover, our results suggest that MBC may be part of the tumor spectrum associated with MAP syndrome, with implication in the clinical management of patients and their relatives. Large-scale collaborative studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Agostino Bucalo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Valentini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Catucci
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ines Zanna
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bianchi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tibiletti
- Dipartimento di Patologia, ASST Settelaghi and Centro di Ricerca per lo studio dei tumori eredo-familiari, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Anna Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Unità di Oncogenetica e Oncogenomica Funzionale, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica ed Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica ed Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unità di Ricerca Medicina Predittiva: Basi molecolari Rischio genetico e Test genetici, Dipartimento di Ricerca, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Experimental evidence from animal models and epidemiology studies has demonstrated that nutrition affects lung development and may have a lifelong impact on respiratory health. Chronic restriction of nutrients and/or oxygen during pregnancy causes structural changes in the airways and parenchyma that may result in abnormal lung function, which is tracked throughout life. Inadequate nutritional management in very premature infants hampers lung growth and may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Recent evidence seems to indicate that infant and childhood malnutrition does not determine lung function impairment even in the presence of reduced lung size due to delayed body growth. This review will focus on the effects of malnutrition occurring at critical time periods such as pregnancy, early life, and childhood, on lung growth and long-term lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Arigliani
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria Misericordia 1, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mauro Spinelli
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria Misericordia 1, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Liguoro
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria Misericordia 1, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Paola Cogo
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria Misericordia 1, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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Travan L, Naviglio S, De Cunto A, Pellegrin A, Pecile V, Spinelli AM, Cappellani S, Faletra F. Phenotypic expression of 19q13.32 microdeletions: Report of a new patient and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1970-1974. [PMID: 28411391 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic manifestations of microdeletions in the 19q13.32 region are still poorly known. In this paper we report a patient who presented with hypotonia, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, micrognathia, kyphoscoliosis, and buried penis. Chromosomal microarray revealed an interstitial 327 kb de novo microdeletion in the 19q13.32 region comprising eight genes (ARGHAP35, NPAS1, TMEM160, ZC3H4, SAE1, BBC3, MIR3190, and MIR3191). Previously reported cases of microdeletions in the 19q13.32 region were reviewed and compared to our patient, highlighting the common features of a possible 19q13.32 microdeletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Travan
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Samuele Naviglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Angela De Cunto
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Pellegrin
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vanna Pecile
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Cappellani
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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