1
|
Shoji H, Yoshida Y, Sanada TJ, Naito A, Maruyama J, Zhang E, Sumi K, Sakao S, Maruyama K, Hidaka H, Tatsumi K. The Isoquinoline-Sulfonamide Compound H-1337 Attenuates SU5416/Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats. Cells 2021; 11:66. [PMID: 35011628 PMCID: PMC8750965 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and right heart failure. Selective pulmonary vasodilators have improved the prognosis of PAH; however, they are not able to reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling. Therefore, a search for new treatment agents is required. H-1337 is an isoquinoline-sulfonamide compound that inhibits multiple serine/threonine kinases, including Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Here, we investigated the effects of H-1337 on pulmonary hypertension and remodeling in the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle in experimental PAH induced by SU5416 and hypoxia exposure. H-1337 and H-1337M1 exerted inhibitory effects on ROCK and Akt. H-1337 inhibited the phosphorylation of myosin light chain and mTOR and suppressed the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in vitro. H-1337 treatment also suppressed the phosphorylation of myosin light chain and mTOR in the pulmonary vasculature and decreased right ventricular systolic pressure and the extent of occlusive pulmonary vascular lesions. Furthermore, H-1337 suppressed aggravation of right ventricle hypertrophy. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that inhibition of ROCK and mTOR pathways with H-1337 suppressed the progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shoji
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (H.S.); (A.N.); (S.S.); (K.T.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Rosai Hospital, Tokyo 143-0013, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshida
- D. Western Therapeutics Institute, Inc., Nagoya 460-0003, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.S.); (H.H.)
- Human Research Promotion and Drug Development, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Jujo Sanada
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (H.S.); (A.N.); (S.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Akira Naito
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (H.S.); (A.N.); (S.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Junko Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (J.M.); (E.Z.); (K.M.)
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Erquan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (J.M.); (E.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Kengo Sumi
- D. Western Therapeutics Institute, Inc., Nagoya 460-0003, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.S.); (H.H.)
- Human Research Promotion and Drug Development, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sakao
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (H.S.); (A.N.); (S.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (J.M.); (E.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Hiroyoshi Hidaka
- D. Western Therapeutics Institute, Inc., Nagoya 460-0003, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.S.); (H.H.)
- Human Research Promotion and Drug Development, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (H.S.); (A.N.); (S.S.); (K.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effect of High Homocysteine Level on the Severity of Coronary Heart Disease and Prognosis After Stent Implantation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:101-105. [PMID: 32304562 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of high homocysteine (HCY) levels on the severity of coronary artery disease and prognosis after stent implantation. METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 667 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent drug-eluting stent implantation for the first time at the Department of Cardiology, Huludao Central Hospital, from January 2015 to December 2017. The patients were divided into the control and hyperhomocysteinemia (H-HCY) groups based on the serum HCY levels. The demographic and clinical characteristics of both groups were compared. In addition, the patients were followed up for 1 year to compare the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the correlation between serum HCY levels and MACCE. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the stenosis degree was significantly higher among patients in the H-Hcy group, as indicated by more coronary artery lesions (P < 0.001) and higher SYNTAX scores (P < 0.001). After 1 year of follow-up, the incidence of MACCE was also significantly higher in the H-HCY versus control group (9.5% vs. 15.1%; P = 0.042). Furthermore, age, history of diabetes, discontinuation of antiplatelet aggregation drugs, and HCY levels were independent predictors of MACCE. CONCLUSIONS High HCY level is associated with severe coronary artery disease in patients with coronary heart disease and is an independent predictor of MACCE after stent implantation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kozakova M, Morizzo C, Penno G, Shore AC, Nilsson J, Palombo C. Plasma Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Organ Damage in a Population with a High Prevalence of Risk Factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5846189. [PMID: 32453833 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is unclear whether plasma homocysteine (Hcy) has a direct noxious impact on the cardiovascular (CV) system or whether its association with cardiovascular events (CVEs) is mediated by established risk factors. To explore the role of Hcy in CV impairment, the study evaluated cross-sectional relationships between plasma Hcy and indices of CV organ damage together with the associations of these indices with the history of CVEs. METHODS In 269 patients with a high prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, the carotid intima-media thickness, ankle-brachial index (ABI), reactive hyperemic index, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), left ventricular (LV) mass, and cardiac index were measured. RESULTS 132 patients had carotid plaque, 31 ABI < 0.90, 126 endothelial dysfunction, 66 increased cfPWV, 125 LV hypertrophy (LVH), 153 decreased cardiac index, and 115 a history of CVEs. Plasma Hcy levels were related to LV mass and ABI, after adjustment for covariates and creatinine. Significantly higher Hcy levels were found in patients with LVH (8.5 [4.4] vs 7.6 [2.8] μmol/L; adjusted P = .001) and ABI < 0.9 (10.4 [3.8] vs 7.9 [3.4] μmol/L; adjusted P = .001) than in those with LV mass and ABI within limits. Hcy levels were comparable between patients with and without carotid plaques, increased arterial stiffness, impaired endothelial, and LV pump function. Within markers of CV organ damage, only LVH was associated with a history of CVEs. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an independent association between Hcy and LV mass as well as between LVH and a history of CVEs and suggests that LVH may represent 1 of the pathophysiologic links between Hcy and CV risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kozakova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmela Morizzo
- Department of Surgical, Medical Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Carlo Palombo
- Department of Surgical, Medical Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei J, Yu Y, Feng Y, Zhang J, Jiang Q, Zheng L, Zhang X, Xu N, Luo G. Negative Correlation Between Serum Levels of Homocysteine and Apolipoprotein M. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:120-126. [PMID: 30854963 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190308115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homocysteine (Hcy) has been suggested as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a constituent of the HDL particles. The goal of this study was to examine the serum levels of homocysteine and apoM and to determine whether homocysteine influences apoM synthesis. METHODS Serum levels of apoM and Hcy in 17 hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) patients and 19 controls were measured and their correlations were analyzed. Different concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) and LY294002, a specific phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, were used to treat HepG2 cells. The mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR and the apoM protein mass was measured by western blot. RESULTS We found that decreased serum apoM levels corresponded with serum HDL levels in HHcy patients, while the serum apoM levels showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the serum Hcy levels. Moreover, apoM mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased after the administration of Hcy in HepG2 cells, and this effect could be abolished by addition of LY294002. CONCLUSIONS Present study demonstrates that Hcy downregulates the expression of apoM by mechanisms involving the PI3K signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wei
- Department of Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Y Feng
- Department of Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Q Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - L Zheng
- Department of Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - X Zhang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - N Xu
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lunds University, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - G Luo
- Department of Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salidroside attenuates endothelial cellular senescence via decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and increasing the expression of SIRT3. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 175:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Wan Z, Ren K, Wen W, Zhou D, Liu J, Fan Y, Wu Y, Mu J, Yuan Z, Gao F. Potassium supplementation ameliorates increased plasma homocysteine induced by salt loading in normotensive salt-sensitive subjects. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 39:769-773. [PMID: 28682116 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1334793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which high-salt and low-potassium diet contributes to hypertension remains poorly understood. Plasma homocysteine (Hcys) is recognized as a primary mediator of blood pressure (BP) response to some diets. Therefore, the present study tried to investigate whether plasma Hcys and BP could be regulated by salt loading in normotensive salt-sensitive (SS) persons, and further explored whether potassium supplementation could reverse the effect. We enrolled 47 normotensive subjects, aged 29-65 years. The protocol included 7 days on a low-salt diet (3g/day, NaCl), 7 days on a high-salt diet (18g/day), and then a high-salt diet with potassium supplementation (4.5g/day) for 7 days. After high-salt intake, BP was significantly increased and potassium supplementation lowered it in the SS group. Plasma Hcys were higher in SS subjects than in salt-resistant (SR) subjects after salt loading (34.4 ± 17.0 μmol/L versus 19.16 ± 6.4 μmol/L, P < 0.01). Plasma Hcys in SS subjects was increased on a high-salt diet than on a low-salt diet (34.4 ± 17.0 μmol/L versus 16.5 ± 8.3 μmol/L, P < 0.01), but plasma Hcys was ameliorated by potassium supplementation (34.4 ± 17.0 μmol/L versus 20.9 ± 10.4 μmol/L, P < 0.01). In SS subjects, the change of mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) correlated significantly and positively with the alteration of plasma Hcys during low-salt to high-salt intake and high-salt to high-salt with potassium supplementation (r = 0.75, P < 0.001; r = 0.74, P < 0.001, respectively). Our results indicate that Hcys may partly mediate the impact of high-salt intake and potassium supplementation on BP in SS subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Wan
- a Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University , Yan'an , Shaanxi , China.,b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Keyu Ren
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Wen Wen
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Dong Zhou
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Junhui Liu
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yan Fan
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yue Wu
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Jianjun Mu
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Feng Gao
- a Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University , Yan'an , Shaanxi , China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Epigallocatechin gallate protects against homocysteine-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 439:131-140. [PMID: 28871467 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a bioactive ingredient of green tea, plays a protective role in the cardiovascular system. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to investigate the role of EGCG in Hcy-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and its underlying mechanism. We also explored the roles of rennin-angiotensin system (RAS), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in this process. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were treated with different drugs for different periods. The proliferation rate of HASMCs was detected using the CCK-8 and BrdU labeling assays. The Western blot assay was used to determine the expression levels of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT-1R), ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK. Compared with the control group, the HASMCs treated with Hcy at different doses (100, 200, 500, and 1000 µM) showed significantly increased proliferation. Hcy increased the expression of AT-1R, whereas EGCG decreased the protein expression of AT-1R. Furthermore, we found that Hcy-induced expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-p38MAPK was dependent on AT-1R. Compared with Hcy (500 µM)-treated cells, EGCG (20 µM)-treated cells showed decreased proliferation as well as expression of AT-1R, p-ERK1/2, and p-p38MAPK. In addition, HASMC proliferation was suppressed by the addition of an AT-1R blocker (olmesartan), an ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059), and a p38MAPK inhibitor (SB202190). EGCG can inhibit AT-1R and affect ERK1/2 and p38MAPK signaling pathways, resulting in the decrease of VSMC proliferation induced by Hcy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ji Y, Bowersock A, Badour AR, Vij N, Juris SJ, Ash DE, Mohanty DK. Dichotomous effects of isomeric secondary amines containing an aromatic nitrile and nitro group on human aortic smooth muscle cells via inhibition of cystathionine-γ-lyase. Biochimie 2016; 133:103-111. [PMID: 28034716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) is an important contributor to the progression of atherosclerosis. Inhibition of proliferation can be achieved by endogenously produced and exogenously supplied nitrogen monoxide, commonly known as nitric oxide (NO). We report herein the dichotomous effects of two isomeric families of secondary amines, precursors to the N-nitrosated NO-donors, on HASMC proliferation. The syntheses of these two families were carried out using two equivalents of homologous, aliphatic monoamines and 2,6-difluoro-3-nitrobenzonitrile (2,6-DFNBN, O family) or 2,4-difluoro-5-nitrobenzonitrile (2,4-DFNBN, P family). The secondary amines belonging to the P family inhibited HASMC proliferation at all concentrations, whereas the O family induced HASMC proliferation at low concentrations, and exhibited inhibitory properties at high concentrations. A probable explanation of these behaviors is proposed herein. l-homocysteine (HCY) is known to induce HASMC proliferation at low concentrations (<1 mM) and inhibit HASMC proliferation at higher concentrations (>2.5 mM). Our findings suggest that these two families of amines inhibit cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) to varying extents, which directly results in altered levels of intracellular HCY and consequent changes in HASMC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Ji
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Austin Bowersock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Alec R Badour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Neeraj Vij
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Stephen J Juris
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - David E Ash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Dillip K Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang N, Yao Z, Miao L, Liu J, Gao X, Xu Y, Wang G. Homocysteine diminishes apolipoprotein A-I function and expression in patients with hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:123. [PMID: 27457726 PMCID: PMC4960745 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism (HO) can significantly impair lipid metabolism and increase cardiovascular disease risk. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Our previous study demonstrated that HHcy significantly induced insulin resistance and impaired coronary artery endothelial function in patients with either hypertension or HO. In the present study, we studied whether plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) were altered in patients with HO, and if so, whether this change was mediated by HHcy. Methods A total of 258 subjects were enrolled and divided into the following three groups: control group (n = 94), HO group (n = 73), and subclinical hypothyroidism (SHO) group (n = 91). Additionally, all groups were subdivided based on the subjects’ Hcy levels into HHcy (plasma Hcy level over 15 μmol/l) and normal Hcy subgroups. The plasma levels of lipid indexes were measured. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations between groups. Results The plasma Hcy levels were significantly higher in the HO group than in the SHO or control groups (all p < 0.05). Moreover, levels of Apo A-I and HDL-C were markedly reduced in the HHcy subgroup compared with the normal Hcy subgroup for patients with either HO (Apo A-I: p < 0.05; HDL-C: p < 0.01) or SHO (Apo A-I: p < 0.05; HDL-C: p < 0.01). In addition, the plasma Hcy levels were negatively correlated with levels of Apo A-I in all three groups (HO group: r = − 0.320, SHO group: r = − 0.337 and control group: r = − 0.317; all p < 0.01). Conclusions Hcy levels were significantly increased in patients with HO or SHO. These increased Hcy levels may impair cardiovascular function via the inhibition of Apo A-1 expression and impairment of its antioxidant capacity. Our findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Melo FR, Bressan RB, Costa-Silva B, Trentin AG. Effects of Folic Acid and Homocysteine on the Morphogenesis of Mouse Cephalic Neural Crest Cells In Vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:371-376. [PMID: 27236697 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Folate deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia have long been associated with developmental anomalies, particularly neural tube defects and neurocristopathies-a group of diverse disorders that result from defective growth, differentiation, and migration of neural crest (NC) cells. However, the exact mechanisms by which homocysteine (Hcys) and/or folate deficiencies disrupt NC development are still poorly understood in mammals. In this work, we employed a well-defined culture system to investigate the effects of Hcys and folic acid (FA) supplementation on the morphogenetic processes of murine NC cells in vitro. We demonstrated that Hcys increases outgrowth and proliferation of cephalic NC cells and impairs their differentiation into smooth muscle cells. In addition, we showed that FA alone does not directly affect the developmental dynamics of the cephalic NC cells but is able to prevent the Hcys-induced effects. Our results, therefore, suggest that elevated Hcys levels per se cause dysmorphogenesis of the cephalic NC and might contribute to neurocristopathies in mammalian embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rosene Melo
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrea Gonçalves Trentin
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
García-Marqués F, Trevisan-Herraz M, Martínez-Martínez S, Camafeita E, Jorge I, Lopez JA, Méndez-Barbero N, Méndez-Ferrer S, Del Pozo MA, Ibáñez B, Andrés V, Sánchez-Madrid F, Redondo JM, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Vázquez J. A Novel Systems-Biology Algorithm for the Analysis of Coordinated Protein Responses Using Quantitative Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1740-60. [PMID: 26893027 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.055905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated behavior of proteins is central to systems biology. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly known and methods to analyze coordination by conventional quantitative proteomics are still lacking. We present the Systems Biology Triangle (SBT), a new algorithm that allows the study of protein coordination by pairwise quantitative proteomics. The Systems Biology Triangle detected statistically significant coordination in diverse biological models of very different nature and subjected to different kinds of perturbations. The Systems Biology Triangle also revealed with unprecedented molecular detail an array of coordinated, early protein responses in vascular smooth muscle cells treated at different times with angiotensin-II. These responses included activation of protein synthesis, folding, turnover, and muscle contraction - consistent with a differentiated phenotype-as well as the induction of migration and the repression of cell proliferation and secretion. Remarkably, the majority of the altered functional categories were protein complexes, interaction networks, or metabolic pathways. These changes could not be detected by other algorithms widely used by the proteomics community, and the vast majority of proteins involved have not been described before to be regulated by AngII. The unique capabilities of The Systems Biology Triangle to detect functional protein alterations produced by the coordinated action of proteins in pairwise quantitative proteomics experiments make this algorithm an attractive choice for the biological interpretation of results on a routine basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García-Marqués
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Trevisan-Herraz
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Del Pozo
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Low-Dose Homocystine Enhances Proliferation and Migration of Bv2 Microglia Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1279-1289. [PMID: 26825574 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-essential amino acid that is derived from the breakdown of dietary methionine. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for a variety of chronic diseases, especially neurodegenerative conditions. To better understand the role of HHcy in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, we investigated the effect of Hcy on the proliferation and activation of microglia Bv2 cells. Cells were treated with six different Hcy concentrations: 0, 50, 100, 300, 500, and 1000 µM for different time periods (8, 12, 16, 24, and 48 h). The morphology of Bv2 cells was observed, and cell activity and proliferation were detected. Cell migration and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by the scratch wound assay, the transwell assay, and ELISA, respectively. The effect of Hcy on Bv2 proliferation occurred earlier (<24 h, especially 16 h) after treatment with concentrations between 100 and 300 μM, and there was no cytotoxicity to Bv2 cells. Meanwhile, functional assays suggested that Hcy not only promoted Bv2 secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, but also enhanced Bv2 migration and invasion, with 100 μM being the most effective concentration. In summary, Bv2 proliferation and activation can be promoted by short-term treatment with low-dose Hcy.
Collapse
|
13
|
McCully KS. Homocysteine Metabolism, Atherosclerosis, and Diseases of Aging. Compr Physiol 2015; 6:471-505. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
14
|
Qian G, Zeng LH, Liu YQ, Cao F, Chen YD, Zheng ML, Yang XC, Xu XP, Huo Y. Associations between plasma total homocysteine, blood pressure stages and pulse wave velocity in Chinese rural community population. Blood Press 2015; 24:340-6. [PMID: 26043364 DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2014.997089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the associations among plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and blood pressure (BP) stages and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) in a Chinese rural community population. In this cross-sectional study, 2148 rural community subjects with normotension and mild hypertension (HTN) were classified into four groups according to ba-PWV level. Multivariate regression showed that ba-PWV was significantly and independently correlated with tHcy (β = 5.32, p < 0.001) in the entire study population. Moreover, ba-PWV showed a significant increase with increasing plasma tHcy level in subjects with both high normal BP and grade 1 HTN (p < 0.05). Compared with optimal BP stage, ba-PWV was significantly associated with high normal BP stage (β = 193, p < 0.001) and grade 1 HTN (β = 413, p < 0.001).There was a statistical interaction effect between high normal BP stage and optimal BP stage (p = 0.045). The similar result was found between subjects with optimal BP and those with grade 1 HTN (p = 0.037). In conclusion, tHcy was independently correlated with ba-PWV in subjects with high normal BP and grade 1 HTN. High normal BP and grade 1 HTN may worsen the impact of tHcy on arterial stiffness in a Chinese rural community population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Qian
- a Department of Cardiology , Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Long-Huan Zeng
- a Department of Cardiology , Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Yu-Qi Liu
- a Department of Cardiology , Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Feng Cao
- a Department of Cardiology , Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Yun-Dai Chen
- a Department of Cardiology , Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Mei-Li Zheng
- b Department of Cardiology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xin-Chun Yang
- b Department of Cardiology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xi-Ping Xu
- c Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Yong Huo
- d Department of Cardiology and Heart Center , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Novel Clinical Evidence of an Association between Homocysteine and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Hypothyroidism or Subclinical Hypothyroidism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125922. [PMID: 25938439 PMCID: PMC4418925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypothyroidism (HO) can induce significant metabolic dysfunction and increase cardiovascular disease risk. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with HO or subclinical hypothyroidism (SHO). Methods A total of 270 subjects were enrolled. All subjects were divided into the following three groups: HO, SHO and control. Plasma levels of Hcy were measured, and each patient’s homeostatic index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Statistical analyses were carried out to evaluate the correlations among groups and to determine the predictors of IR in patients with HO or SHO. Results The HOMA-IR value was significantly higher in the HO group than in the SHO and control groups. Plasma levels of Hcy were markedly increased in the HO group compared with those of the SHO group and controls. In addition, plasma levels of Hcy were positively correlated with the HOMA-IR values in both the HO and SHO groups. Multiple linear regression models showed that plasma levels of Hcy and free thyroxine (FT4) were the only predictors of HOMA-IR in patients with HO or SHO. Conclusions Plasma levels of Hcy and HOMA-IR were increased in patients with HO or SHO. Our results suggest that HO and SHO may increase the risk for atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease by increased IR. The increased IR induced by hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with HO or SHO may partially explain this adverse effect.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang D, Wei Y, Chen K, Zhang X, Xu X, Shi Q, Han S, Chen X, Gong H, Li X, Zhang J. Biocompatible reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticles as superior drug delivery vehicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:69-76. [PMID: 25147049 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoplatform can be successfully manufactured from a ROS-triggerable β-cyclodextrin material. Extensive in vitro and in vivo studies validate that this nanoscaled system may serve as a new drug delivery vehicle with well-defined ROS-sensitivity and superior biocompatibility. This nanocarrier can be used for ROS-triggered transport of diverse therapeutics and imaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinglin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yanling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400042 China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Songling Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400042 China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen TC, Sung ML, Kuo HC, Chien SJ, Yen CK, Chen CN. Differential regulation of human aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation by monocyte-derived macrophages from diabetic patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113752. [PMID: 25409512 PMCID: PMC4237499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage accumulation in the arterial wall and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation are features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its vascular complications. However, the effects of diabetic monocyte-derived macrophages on vascular SMC proliferation are not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated the pro-proliferative effect of macrophages isolated from DM patients on vascular SMCs. Macrophage-conditioned media (MCM) were prepared from macrophages isolated from DM patients. DM-MCM treatment induced HASMC proliferation, decreased p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) expressions, and increased microRNA (miR)-17-5p and miR-221 expressions. Inhibition of either miR-17-5p or miR-221 inhibited DM-MCM-induced cell proliferation. Inhibition of miR-17-5p abolished DM-MCM-induced p21(Cip1) down-regulation; and inhibition of miR-221 attenuated the DM-MCM-induced p27(Kip1) down-regulation. Furthermore, blocking assays demonstrated that PDGF-CC in DM-MCM is the major mediators of cell proliferation in SMCs. In conclusion, our present data support the hypothesis that SMC proliferation stimulated by macrophages may play critical roles in vascular complications in DM patients and suggest a new mechanism by which arterial disease is accelerated in diabetes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aorta/cytology
- Becaplermin
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Humans
- Lymphokines/analysis
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chuan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Ling Sung
- Department of Cardiology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Institute of Nursing and Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ju Chien
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Yen
- Department of Cardiology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Harreiter J, Dovjak G, Kautzky-Willer A. Gestational diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk after pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:91-108. [PMID: 24328601 DOI: 10.2217/whe.13.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects many women in pregnancy and is enhanced by epidemic conditions of obesity, increasing age at the time of the first pregnancy, stressful life conditions, a sedentary lifestyle with less physical activity and unhealthy nutrition with highly processed, high-calorie food intake. GDM does not affect the mother and offspring in pregnancy alone, as there is compelling evidence of the long-term effects of the hyperglycemic state in pregnancy postpartum. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome are more common in GDM women, and even the offspring of GDM women are reported to have higher obesity rates and a higher risk for noncommunicable diseases. Early prevention of risk factors seems to be key to overcoming the vicious cycle of cardiometabolic disease onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Harreiter
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sudduth TL, Weekman EM, Brothers HM, Braun K, Wilcock DM. β-amyloid deposition is shifted to the vasculature and memory impairment is exacerbated when hyperhomocysteinemia is induced in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2014; 6:32. [PMID: 24991237 PMCID: PMC4078260 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, it is estimated that almost half of all AD patients have significant cerebrovascular disease comorbid with their AD pathology. We hypothesized that cerebrovascular disease significantly impacts AD pathological progression. Methods We used a dietary model of cerebrovascular disease that relies on the induction of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). HHcy is a significant clinical risk factor for stroke, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we induced HHcy in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Results While total β-amyloid (Aβ) load is unchanged across groups, Congophilic amyloid deposition was decreased in the parenchyma and significantly increased in the vasculature as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA; vascular amyloid deposition) in HHcy APP/PS1 mice. We also found that HHcy induced more microhemorrhages in the APP/PS1 mice than in the wild-type mice and that it switched the neuroinflammatory phenotype from an M2a biased state to an M1 biased state. Associated with these changes was an induction of the matrix metalloproteinase protein 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 systems. Interestingly, after 6 months of HHcy, the APP/PS1 mice were cognitively worse than wild-type HHcy mice or APP/PS1 mice, indicative of an additive effect of the cerebrovascular pathology and amyloid deposition. Conclusions These data show that cerebrovascular disease can significantly impact Aβ distribution in the brain, favoring vascular deposition. We predict that the presence of cerebrovascular disease with AD will have a significant impact on AD progression and the efficacy of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Sudduth
- Department of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Erica M Weekman
- Department of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Holly M Brothers
- Department of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Braun
- Department of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Department of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Coronary flow velocity reserve is impaired in hypertensive patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 28:743-7. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Xiao W, Bai Y, Ye P, Luo L, Liu D, Wu H, Bai J. Plasma homocysteine is associated with aortic arterial stiffness but not wave reflection in Chinese hypertensive subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85938. [PMID: 24475061 PMCID: PMC3903502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) acts synergistically with hypertension to exert a multiplicative effect on cardiovascular diseases risk. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between tHcy concentration and blood pressure, and to evaluate the role of plasma tHcy in arterial stiffness and wave reflection in hypertension. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a community-based sample of 1680 subjects (mean age 61.6 years) was classified into four groups according to tHcy level (<21.6 vs. ≥21.6 µmol/l) and blood pressure (hypertensive vs. normotensive). Levels of plasma tHcy and other biochemical parameters (e.g., lipids, glucose) were determined. Central arterial blood pressure, reflected pressure wave, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) were assessed by tonometry within 2 days of obtaining the blood specimen. Results Neither peripheral nor central blood pressure differed according to tHcy levels in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Differences in cf-PWV according to tHcy were observed only in hypertensive subjects; differences in cf-PWV in normotensive subjects were not significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Central augmentation index did not differ according to tHcy level in either normotensive or hypertensive subjects. Results of univariate analysis revealed significant correlations between blood pressure parameters and tHcy concentration only among normotensive subjects; however, these correlations were not significant in a partial correlation analysis. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that plasma tHcy levels were independently correlated with cf-PWV in hypertensive subjects (β = 0.713, P = 0.004). The independent relationship between tHcy and central augmentation index was not significant by further multiple analyses in normotensive or hypertensive individuals. Conclusions Plasma tHcy level is strongly and independently correlated with arterial stiffness measured as cf-PWV only in hypertensive subjects. Thus, hypertension is a major link between tHcy and aortic arterial stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Bai
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Leiming Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hornstra JM, Hoekstra T, Serné EH, Eringa EC, Wijnstok NJ, Blom HJ, Twisk JWR, Smulders YM. Homocysteine levels are inversely associated with capillary density in men, not in premenopausal women. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:333-40. [PMID: 24422875 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homocysteine is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. The mechanisms underlying this link are not fully elucidated. Whereas the role of vascular dysfunction in conduit arteries is extensively studied, the role of the microcirculation in this relationship is largely unexplored. We assessed the relationship between homocysteine levels and microvascular structure and function in a healthy, population-based cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS We cross-sectionally studied 260 participants (aged 42 years, 47% men) of the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy was used to assess capillary density at baseline, during venous occlusion and during peak reactive hyperaemia. The relationship between tertiles of homocysteine and microvascular outcomes was evaluated using linear regression analyses, with adjustment for BMI and blood pressure. Stratified analyses were performed for men and women. RESULTS In men, we observed a negative, nonlinear relationship between homocysteine and baseline capillary density, showing a lower capillary density in the highest tertile of homocysteine [adjusted B -8.65 capillaries/mm(2) (95%-CI: -16.05 to -1.25); P = 0.02]. In women, no significant associations were found between homocysteine and microvascular outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In men, higher homocysteine levels are associated with a reduction in basal perfusion of skin capillaries. This finding provides a novel potential explanation for how homocysteine influences cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Hornstra
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (IcaR-VU), VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhi H, Luptak I, Alreja G, Shi J, Guan J, Metes-Kosik N, Joseph J. Effects of direct Renin inhibition on myocardial fibrosis and cardiac fibroblast function. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81612. [PMID: 24349097 PMCID: PMC3859492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis, a major pathophysiologic substrate of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF), is modulated by multiple pathways including the renin-angiotensin system. Direct renin inhibition is a promising anti-fibrotic therapy since it attenuates the pro-fibrotic effects of renin in addition to that of other effectors of the renin-angiotensin cascade. Here we show that the oral renin inhibitor aliskiren has direct effects on collagen metabolism in cardiac fibroblasts and prevented myocardial collagen deposition in a non-hypertrophic mouse model of myocardial fibrosis. Adult mice were fed hyperhomocysteinemia-inducing diet to induce myocardial fibrosis and treated concomitantly with either vehicle or aliskiren for 12 weeks. Blood pressure and plasma angiotensin II levels were normal in control and hyperhomocysteinemic mice and reduced to levels lower than observed in the control group in the groups treated with aliskiren. Homocysteine-induced myocardial matrix gene expression and fibrosis were also prevented by aliskiren. In vitro studies using adult rat cardiac fibroblasts also showed that aliskiren attenuated the pro-fibrotic pattern of matrix gene and protein expression induced by D,L, homocysteine. Both in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that the Akt pathway was activated by homocysteine, and that treatment with aliskiren attenuated Akt activation. In conclusion, aliskiren as mono-therapy has potent and direct effects on myocardial matrix turnover and beneficial effects on diastolic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhi
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ivan Luptak
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Alreja
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jianru Shi
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jian Guan
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicole Metes-Kosik
- VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacob Joseph
- VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gasparini CF, Sutherland HG, Griffiths LR. Studies on the pathophysiology and genetic basis of migraine. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:300-15. [PMID: 24403849 PMCID: PMC3763681 DOI: 10.2174/13892029113149990007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system causing painful attacks of headache. A genetic vulnerability and exposure to environmental triggers can influence the migraine phenotype. Migraine interferes in many facets of people's daily life including employment commitments and their ability to look after their families resulting in a reduced quality of life. Identification of the biological processes that underlie this relatively common affliction has been difficult because migraine does not have any clearly identifiable pathology or structural lesion detectable by current medical technology. Theories to explain the symptoms of migraine have focused on the physiological mechanisms involved in the various phases of headache and include the vascular and neurogenic theories. In relation to migraine pathophysiology the trigeminovascular system and cortical spreading depression have also been implicated with supporting evidence from imaging studies and animal models. The objective of current research is to better understand the pathways and mechanisms involved in causing pain and headache to be able to target interventions. The genetic component of migraine has been teased apart using linkage studies and both candidate gene and genome-wide association studies, in family and case-control cohorts. Genomic regions that increase individual risk to migraine have been identified in neurological, vascular and hormonal pathways. This review discusses knowledge of the pathophysiology and genetic basis of migraine with the latest scientific evidence from genetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Building G05, GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY QLD 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Diaferia GR, Jimenez-Caliani AJ, Ranjitkar P, Yang W, Hardiman G, Rhodes CJ, Crisa L, Cirulli V. β1 integrin is a crucial regulator of pancreatic β-cell expansion. Development 2013; 140:3360-72. [PMID: 23863477 DOI: 10.1242/dev.098533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of the endocrine compartment of the pancreas, as represented by the islets of Langerhans, occurs through a series of highly regulated events encompassing branching of the pancreatic epithelium, delamination and differentiation of islet progenitors from ductal domains, followed by expansion and three-dimensional organization into islet clusters. Cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) mediated by receptors of the integrin family are postulated to regulate key functions in these processes. Yet, specific events regulated by these receptors in the developing pancreas remain unknown. Here, we show that ablation of the β1 integrin gene in developing pancreatic β-cells reduces their ability to expand during embryonic life, during the first week of postnatal life, and thereafter. Mice lacking β1 integrin in insulin-producing cells exhibit a dramatic reduction of the number of β-cells to only ∼18% of wild-type levels. Despite the significant reduction in β-cell mass, these mutant mice are not diabetic. A thorough phenotypic analysis of β-cells lacking β1 integrin revealed a normal expression repertoire of β-cell markers, normal architectural organization within islet clusters, and a normal ultrastructure. Global gene expression analysis revealed that ablation of this ECM receptor in β-cells inhibits the expression of genes regulating cell cycle progression. Collectively, our results demonstrate that β1 integrin receptors function as crucial positive regulators of β-cell expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16 20139, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Investigation of homocysteine-pathway-related variants in essential hypertension. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:190923. [PMID: 23133742 PMCID: PMC3485977 DOI: 10.1155/2012/190923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Essential hypertension (EH), a polygenic condition, has also been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular related disorders. To investigate the role of the homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism pathway in hypertension we conducted a case-control association study of Hcy pathway gene variants in a cohort of Caucasian hypertensives and age- and sex-matched normotensives. We genotyped two polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C), one polymorphism in the methionine synthase reductase gene (MTRR A66G), and one polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 gene (MTHFD1 G1958A) and assessed their association with hypertension using chi-square analysis. We also performed a multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis to investigate any potential epistatic interactions among the four polymorphisms and EH. None of the four polymorphisms was significantly associated with EH and although we found a moderate synergistic interaction between MTHFR A1298C and MTRR A66G, the association of the interaction model with EH was not statistically significant (P = 0.2367). Our findings therefore suggest no individual or interactive association between four prominent Hcy pathway markers and EH.
Collapse
|
27
|
Teng CC, Kuo HC, Cheng HC, Wang TC, Sze CI. The inhibitory effect of CIL-102 on the growth of human astrocytoma cells is mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of ERK1/2 MAPK. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 263:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
28
|
Zhao HP, Feng J, Sun K, Liu YY, Wei XH, Fan JY, Huang P, Mao XW, Zhou Z, Wang CS, Wang X, Han JY. Caffeic acid inhibits acute hyperhomocysteinemia-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in mouse cerebral venules. Microcirculation 2012; 19:233-44. [PMID: 22145713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of CA on acute HHcy-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in mouse cerebral venules. METHODS Male C57 BL/6J mice were injected with DL-Hcy (50 mg/kg) and CA (10 mg/kg). The effect of CA on HHcy-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in cerebral vessels was assessed using intravital microscopy. Plasma cytokines and chemokines were evaluated by cytometric bead array. ROS production in HUVECs and adhesion molecule expression on leukocytes were determined by flow cytometry. E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression in cerebrovascular endothelium was detected by immunohistochemistry. CD18 phosphorylation and the Src/PI3K/Akt pathway in leukocytes were determined by confocal microscopy and Western blot. RESULTS CA inhibited HHcy-elicited leukocyte rolling and adhesion, decreased ROS production in HUVECs, and reduced plasma KC, MIP-2, and MCP-1 levels. CA reduced the E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression on cerebrovascular endothelium and CD11b/CD18 on leukocytes caused by HHcy. Of notice, CA depressed CD18 phosphorylation and the Src/PI3K/Akt pathway in leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS CA inhibited HHcy-provoked leukocyte rolling and adhesion in cerebral venules, ameliorating adhesion molecule expression and activation, which is related to the suppression of the Src/PI3K/Akt pathway in leukocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang YS, Wang HYJ, Liao YC, Tsai PC, Chen KC, Cheng HY, Lin RT, Juo SHH. MicroRNA-195 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and prevents neointimal formation. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:517-26. [PMID: 22802111 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can cause atherosclerosis and neointimal formation. MicroRNAs have been shown to regulate cell proliferation and phenotype transformation. We discovered abundant expression of microRNA-195 in VSMCs and conducted a series of studies to identify its function in the cardiovascular system. METHODS AND RESULTS MicroRNA-195 expression was initially found to be altered when VSMCs were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in a non-replicated microRNA array experiment. Using cellular studies, we found that microRNA-195 reduced VSMC proliferation, migration, and synthesis of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. Using bioinformatics prediction and experimental studies, we showed that microRNA-195 could repress the expression of Cdc42, CCND1, and FGF1 genes. Using a rat model, we found that the microRNA-195 gene, introduced by adenovirus, substantially reduced neointimal formation in a balloon-injured carotid artery. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of microRNA-195 in the treated arteries but not in control arteries. Immunohistochemistry experiments showed abundant Cdc42 in the neointima of treated arteries. CONCLUSIONS We showed that microRNA-195 plays a role in the cardiovascular system by inhibiting VSMC proliferation, migration, and proinflammatory biomarkers. MicroRNA-195 may have the potential to reduce neointimal formation in patients receiving stenting or angioplasty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Song Wang
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou First Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huang WS, Chin CC, Chen CN, Kuo YH, Chen TC, Yu HR, Tung SY, Shen CH, Hsieh YY, Guo SE, Shi CS, Liu TJ, Kuo HC. Stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC receptor 4 and β1 integrin interaction regulates urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression in human colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1114-22. [PMID: 21567400 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis has been shown to play a role in colorectal cancer progression. In addition, the protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is an important factor in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanism by which SDF-1 mediates uPA expression in human colorectal cancer cells remains unknown. We investigated the molecular mechanism governing the interaction between SDF-1 stimulation and uPA expression in three human colon cancer cell lines (DLD-1, SW48, and COLO 205). We found that SDF-1 stimulation led to an increase in the expression and secretion of uPA in these cells. Experiments involving specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA demonstrated that the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways are critical for SDF-1-induced uPA expression. Analysis of transcription factor binding using ELISA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that SDF-1 increased Sp1- and AP-1-DNA-binding activities in DLD-1 cells. Inhibition of Sp1 and AP-1 activation blocked the SDF-1-induced expression and activity of the uPA promoter. The effect of SDF-1 on DLD-1 signaling and uPA expression was mediated by the CXCR4/β1 integrin axis. In summary, our findings elucidate the mechanisms of SDF-1/CXCR4 downstream signaling and provide insights into the function of SDF-1 in colon cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Homocysteine enhances MMP-9 production in murine macrophages via ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 260:89-94. [PMID: 22326992 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) at elevated levels is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Hcy on the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in murine macrophages. Among the MMP known to regulate the activities of collagenase and gelatinase, Hcy exclusively increased the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 in J774A.1 cells as well as in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, this activity was found to be correlated with Western blot findings in J774A.1 cells, which showed that MMP-9 expression was concentration- and time-dependently increased by Hcy. Inhibition of the ERK and Akt pathways led to a significant decrease in Hcy-induced MMP-9 expression, and combined treatment with inhibitors of the ERK and Akt pathways showed an additive effects. Activity assays for ERK and Akt showed that Hcy increased the phosphorylation of both, but these phosphorylation were not affected by inhibitors of the Akt and ERK pathways. In line with these findings, the molecular inhibition of ERK and Akt using siRNA did not affect the Hcy-induced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that Hcy enhances MMP-9 production in murine macrophages by separately activating the ERK and Akt signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
32
|
Davenport MH, Goswami R, Shoemaker JK, Mottola MF. Influence of hyperglycemia during and after pregnancy on postpartum vascular function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 302:R768-75. [PMID: 22204958 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00115.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is commonly observed in women with a previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Whether arterial stiffness is also related to pregnancy and/or postpartum glucose intolerance has not been determined. We examined the influence of GDM during pregnancy and hyperglycemia in the postpartum period on arterial function. Thirty postpartum women were stratified into one of three groups: 1) normoglycemic pregnancy, normoglycemic postpartum (NORM), 2) GDM during pregnancy, normoglycemic postpartum (GDM-N); and 3) GDM during pregnancy, hyperglycemic postpartum (GDM-H). Ten never-pregnant controls were also recruited (Control). All measures were made at 2 mo postpartum or in the early follicular phase in Control women. Arterial stiffness was assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and brachial and carotid artery distensibility. Endothelial function was determined by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). PWV was not different between the four groups. Distensibility of the brachial and carotid arteries was lower in GDM-N women (brachial: 1.1 × 10(-3) mmHg(-1) ± 3.6 × 10(-4); carotid: 2.0 × 10(-3) ± 3.3 × 10(-4)) and GDM-H (brachial: 1.4 × 10(-3) mmHg(-1) ± 4.1 × 10(-4); carotid: 1.8 × 10(-3) mmHg(-1) ± 5.0 × 10(-4)) compared with NORM women (brachial: 3.4 × 10(-3) mmHg(-1) ± 7.0 × 10(-4); carotid: 3.9 × 10(-3) ± 7.4 × 10(-4)). However, only brachial artery distensibility returned to Control levels by 2 mo postpartum in the NORM women. FMD was lower in previously GDM women (GDM-N: 4.1% ± 2.3; GDM-H: 4.4% ± 0.9) compared with NORM women (10.8% ± 1.3; P < 0.01). These findings suggest that the vascular function of women in the early postpartum period is influenced by GDM during pregnancy and the persistence of clinical and/or subclinical hyperglycemia after delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margie H Davenport
- R. Samuel McLaughlin Foundation Exercise and Pregnancy Lab, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hsu WH, Chen CN, Huang HI, Lai YL, Teng CY, Kuo WH. Urokinase induces stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:697-704. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
34
|
Wang Z, Pini M, Yao T, Zhou Z, Sun C, Fantuzzi G, Song Z. Homocysteine suppresses lipolysis in adipocytes by activating the AMPK pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E703-12. [PMID: 21750268 PMCID: PMC3191546 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00050.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Emerging evidence suggests that HHcy is also associated with adipocyte tissue dysfunction. One of the principal functions of adipose tissue is to provide energy substrate via lipolysis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) on lipolysis in adipocytes. We found that Hcy inhibited release of glycerol and fatty acids, two typical indicators of the lipolytic response, in primary adipocytes and fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner under both basal and isoproterenol-stimulated conditions. In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, decreased glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) release was associated with elevation of intracellular TG content. Further studies showed that Hcy-mediated antilipolytic responses were independent of the cyclic AMP-PKA and MEK-ERK1/2 pathways. However, Hcy increased phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolished Hcy-induced reduction of glycerol and FFA release under both basal and isoproterenol-stimulated conditions. Furthermore, AMPKα1 siRNA reversed Hcy-inhibited glycerol release. Supplementation of exogenous Hcy in the diet for 2 wk lowered circulating glycerol and FFA levels. Moreover, Hcy supplementation was associated with elevated leptin levels and reduced adiponectin levels in plasma. These results show that Hcy inhibits lipolysis through a pathway that involves AMPK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|