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Fernandes P, Waldron N, Chatzilygeroudi T, Naji NS, Karantanos T. Acute Erythroid Leukemia: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6256. [PMID: 38892446 PMCID: PMC11172574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Erythroid Leukemia (AEL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined AEL as a biopsy with ≥30% proerythroblasts and erythroid precursors that account for ≥80% of cellularity. The International Consensus Classification refers to this neoplasm as "AML with mutated TP53". Classification entails ≥20% blasts in blood or bone marrow biopsy and a somatic TP53 mutation (VAF > 10%). This type of leukemia is typically associated with biallelic TP53 mutations and a complex karyotype, specifically 5q and 7q deletions. Transgenic mouse models have implicated several molecules in the pathogenesis of AEL, including transcriptional master regulator GATA1 (involved in erythroid differentiation), master oncogenes, and CDX4. Recent studies have also characterized AEL by epigenetic regulator mutations and transcriptome subgroups. AEL patients have overall poor clinical outcomes, mostly related to their poor response to the standard therapies, which include hypomethylating agents and intensive chemotherapy. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (AlloBMT) is the only potentially curative approach but requires deep remission, which is very challenging for these patients. Age, AlloBMT, and a history of antecedent myeloid neoplasms further affect the outcomes of these patients. In this review, we will summarize the diagnostic criteria of AEL, review the current insights into the biology of AEL, and describe the treatment options and outcomes of patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Fernandes
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (P.F.); (N.W.)
| | - Natalie Waldron
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (P.F.); (N.W.)
| | - Theodora Chatzilygeroudi
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.C.); (N.S.N.)
| | - Nour Sabiha Naji
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.C.); (N.S.N.)
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (P.F.); (N.W.)
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.C.); (N.S.N.)
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2
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Hill RJ, Bona N, Smink J, Webb HK, Crisp A, Garaycoechea JI, Crossan GP. p53 regulates diverse tissue-specific outcomes to endogenous DNA damage in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2518. [PMID: 38514641 PMCID: PMC10957910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA repair deficiency can lead to segmental phenotypes in humans and mice, in which certain tissues lose homeostasis while others remain seemingly unaffected. This may be due to different tissues facing varying levels of damage or having different reliance on specific DNA repair pathways. However, we find that the cellular response to DNA damage determines different tissue-specific outcomes. Here, we use a mouse model of the human XPF-ERCC1 progeroid syndrome (XFE) caused by loss of DNA repair. We find that p53, a central regulator of the cellular response to DNA damage, regulates tissue dysfunction in Ercc1-/- mice in different ways. We show that ablation of p53 rescues the loss of hematopoietic stem cells, and has no effect on kidney, germ cell or brain dysfunction, but exacerbates liver pathology and polyploidisation. Mechanistically, we find that p53 ablation led to the loss of cell-cycle regulation in the liver, with reduced p21 expression. Eventually, p16/Cdkn2a expression is induced, serving as a fail-safe brake to proliferation in the absence of the p53-p21 axis. Taken together, our data show that distinct and tissue-specific functions of p53, in response to DNA damage, play a crucial role in regulating tissue-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Hill
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nazareno Bona
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Job Smink
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah K Webb
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alastair Crisp
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juan I Garaycoechea
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerry P Crossan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK.
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3
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Abed A, Greene MK, Alsa’d AA, Lees A, Hindley A, Longley DB, McDade SS, Scott CJ. Nanoencapsulation of MDM2 Inhibitor RG7388 and Class-I HDAC Inhibitor Entinostat Enhances their Therapeutic Potential Through Synergistic Antitumor Effects and Reduction of Systemic Toxicity. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1246-1255. [PMID: 38334409 PMCID: PMC10915795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction such as RG7388 have been developed to exploit latent tumor suppressive properties in p53 in 50% of tumors in which p53 is wild-type. However, these agents for the most part activate cell cycle arrest rather than death, and high doses in patients elicit on-target dose-limiting neutropenia. Recent work from our group indicates that combination of p53-MDM2 inhibitors with the class-I HDAC inhibitor Entinostat (which itself has dose-limiting toxicity issues) has the potential to significantly augment cell death in p53 wild-type colorectal cancer cells. We investigated whether coencapsulation of RG7388 and Entinostat within polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) could overcome efficacy and toxicity limitations of this drug combination. Combinations of RG7388 and Entinostat across a range of different molar ratios resulted in synergistic increases in cell death when delivered in both free drug and nanoencapsulated formats in all colorectal cell lines tested. Importantly, we also explored the in vivo impact of the drug combination on murine blood leukocytes, showing that the leukopenia induced by the free drugs could be significantly mitigated by nanoencapsulation. Taken together, this study demonstrates that formulating these agents within a single nanoparticle delivery platform may provide clinical utility beyond use as nonencapsulated agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Abed
- The
Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s
University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
- Pharmacological
and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19111, Jordan
| | - Michelle K. Greene
- The
Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s
University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Alhareth A. Alsa’d
- Pharmacological
and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19111, Jordan
- School
of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Lees
- The
Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s
University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hindley
- Clinical
Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel B Longley
- The
Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s
University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S McDade
- The
Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s
University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Scott
- The
Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s
University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
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4
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Wang X, Ouyang L, Chen W, Cao Y, Zhang L. Efficient expansion and delayed senescence of hUC-MSCs by microcarrier-bioreactor system. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:284. [PMID: 37794520 PMCID: PMC10552362 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are widely used in cell therapy due to their robust immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative capabilities. Currently, the predominant method for obtaining hUC-MSCs for clinical use is through planar culture expansion, which presents several limitations. Specifically, continuous cell passaging can lead to cellular aging, susceptibility to contamination, and an absence of process monitoring and control, among other limitations. To overcome these challenges, the technology of microcarrier-bioreactor culture was developed with the aim of ensuring the therapeutic efficacy of cells while enabling large-scale expansion to meet clinical requirements. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the comparison of biological differences in cells obtained through different culture methods. METHODS We developed a culture process for hUC-MSCs using self-made microcarrier and stirred bioreactor. This study systematically compares the biological properties of hUC-MSCs amplified through planar culture and microcarrier-bioreactor systems. Additionally, RNA-seq was employed to compare the differences in gene expression profiles between the two cultures, facilitating the identification of pathways and genes associated with cell aging. RESULTS The findings revealed that hUC-MSCs expanded on microcarriers exhibited a lower degree of cellular aging compared to those expanded through planar culture. Additionally, these microcarrier-expanded hUC-MSCs showed an enhanced proliferation capacity and a reduced number of cells in the cell cycle retardation period. Moreover, bioreactor-cultured cells differ significantly from planar cultures in the expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that our microcarrier-bioreactor culture method enhances the proliferation efficiency of hUC-MSCs. Moreover, this culture method exhibits the potential to delay the process of cell aging while preserving the essential stem cell properties of hUC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Cao
- Beijing Tang Yi Hui Kang Biomedical Technology Co., LTD, Beijing, 100032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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5
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Bassal MA. The Interplay between Dysregulated Metabolism and Epigenetics in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:944. [PMID: 37371524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism (or energetics) and epigenetics are tightly coupled cellular processes. It is arguable that of all the described cancer hallmarks, dysregulated cellular energetics and epigenetics are the most tightly coregulated. Cellular metabolic states regulate and drive epigenetic changes while also being capable of influencing, if not driving, epigenetic reprogramming. Conversely, epigenetic changes can drive altered and compensatory metabolic states. Cancer cells meticulously modify and control each of these two linked cellular processes in order to maintain their tumorigenic potential and capacity. This review aims to explore the interplay between these two processes and discuss how each affects the other, driving and enhancing tumorigenic states in certain contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Adel Bassal
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ueda K. Review: MDMX plays a central role in leukemic transformation and may be a promising target for leukemia prevention strategies. Exp Hematol 2023:S0301-472X(23)00161-3. [PMID: 37086813 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fatal disease resulting from preleukemic hematopoietic conditions including asymptomatic clonal hematopoiesis. The accumulation of genetic changes is one of the causes of leukemic transformation. However, nongenetic factors including the overexpression of specific genes also contribute to preleukemic to leukemic transition. Among them, the p53 inhibitor Murine Double Minute X (MDMX) plays crucial roles especially in leukemia initiation. MDMX is broadly overexpressed in vast majority of AML cases, including in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) level. Recently, high expression of MDMX in HSPC has been shown to be associated with leukemic transformation in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, and preclinical studies demonstrated that MDMX overexpression accelerates the transformation of preleukemic murine models, including models of clonal hematopoiesis. MDMX inhibition, through activation of cell-intrinsic p53 activity, shows antileukemic effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of MDMX in provoking leukemic transformation are complicated. Both p53-dependent and independent mechanisms are involved in the progression of the disease. This review discusses the canonical and noncanonical functions of MDMX and how these functions are involved in the maintenance, expansion, and progression to malignancy of preleukemic stem cells. Moreover, strategies on how leukemic transformation could possibly be prevented by targeting MDMX in preleukemic stem cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ueda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 9601295, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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7
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Recombinant human p53 adenovirus injection combined with Bortezomib inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Leuk Res 2023; 127:107041. [PMID: 36801701 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, the incidence of which has further increased in recent years. In multiple myeloma, wild-type functional p53 is often inactivated or dysregulated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of p53 knockdown or overexpression in multiple myeloma and the therapeutic effect of recombinant adenovirus-p53 (rAd-p53) in combination with Bortezomib. METHODS SiRNA p53 and rAd-p53 were used to knock down and overexpress p53. RT-qPCR was used to detect gene expression, and western blotting (WB) was used to detect protein expression levels. We also constructed wild-type multiple myeloma cell line-MM1S cell xenograft tumor models and explored the effects of siRNA-p53, rAd-p53, and Bortezomib on multiple myeloma in vivo and in vitro. H&E staining and KI67 immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the anti-myeloma effects of recombinant adenovirus and Bortezomib in vivo. RESULTS The designed siRNA p53 effectively led to the knockdown of the p53 gene, while rAd-p53 could significantly achieve p53 overexpression. p53 gene inhibited MM1S cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of wild-type multiple myeloma cell line MM1S. P53 gene inhibited tumor proliferation in vitro by promoting p21 expression and reducing cell cycle protein B1 expression of MM1S. P53 gene overexpression could inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Injection of rAd-p53 in tumor models inhibited tumor development through p21- and cyclin B1-mediated cell proliferation and apoptosis regulation. CONCLUSIONS We found that overexpression of p53 inhibits MM tumor cell survival and proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the combination of rAd-p53 and Bortezomib significantly improved the efficacy, which provides a new possibility for more effective treatment of MM.
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8
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Salomao N, Maslah N, Giulianelli A, Drevon L, Aguinaga L, Gu X, Cassinat B, Giraudier S, Fenaux P, Fahraeus R. Reduced murine double minute 2 and
4
protein, but not
messenger RNA
, expression is associated with more severe disease in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2022; 201:234-248. [PMID: 36546586 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human homologues of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and 4 (MDM4) negatively regulate p53 tumour suppressor activity and are reported to be frequently overexpressed in human malignancies, prompting clinical trials with drugs that prevent interactions between MDM2/MDM4 and p53. Bone marrow samples from 111 patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia were examined for protein (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) of MDM2, MDM4 and tumour protein p53 (TP53). Low protein expression of MDM2 and MDM4 was observed in immature cells from patients with excess of marrow blasts (>5%) compared with CD34+ /CD45low cells from healthy donors and patients without excess of marrow blasts (<5%). The mRNA levels were indistinguishable in all samples examined regardless of disease status or blast levels. Low MDM2 and MDM4 protein expression were correlated with poor survival. These data show a poor correlation between mRNA and protein expression levels, suggesting that quantitative flow cytometry analysis of protein expression levels should be used to predict and validate the efficacy of MDM2 and MDM4 inhibitors. These findings show that advanced disease is associated with reduced MDM2 and MDM4 protein expression and indicate that the utility of MDM2 and MDM4 inhibitors may have to be reconsidered in the treatment of advanced myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Salomao
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Recherche Saint‐Louis, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université de Paris‐Cité, Hôpital St. Louis Paris France
| | - Nabih Maslah
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Recherche Saint‐Louis, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université de Paris‐Cité, Hôpital St. Louis Paris France
| | - Anouk Giulianelli
- Service d'Hématologie Senior—Hôpital Saint‐Louis—Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris Cité university Paris France
| | - Louis Drevon
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Recherche Saint‐Louis, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université de Paris‐Cité, Hôpital St. Louis Paris France
- Service d'Hématologie Senior—Hôpital Saint‐Louis—Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris Cité university Paris France
| | - Lorea Aguinaga
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Recherche Saint‐Louis, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université de Paris‐Cité, Hôpital St. Louis Paris France
- Service d'Hématologie Senior—Hôpital Saint‐Louis—Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris Cité university Paris France
| | - Xiaolian Gu
- Department of Medical Biosciences Building 6M, Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Bruno Cassinat
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Recherche Saint‐Louis, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université de Paris‐Cité, Hôpital St. Louis Paris France
- Service d'Hématologie Senior—Hôpital Saint‐Louis—Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris Cité university Paris France
| | - Stephane Giraudier
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Recherche Saint‐Louis, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université de Paris‐Cité, Hôpital St. Louis Paris France
- Service d'Hématologie Senior—Hôpital Saint‐Louis—Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris Cité university Paris France
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Service d'Hématologie Senior—Hôpital Saint‐Louis—Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris Cité university Paris France
| | - Robin Fahraeus
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Recherche Saint‐Louis, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université de Paris‐Cité, Hôpital St. Louis Paris France
- Department of Medical Biosciences Building 6M, Umeå University Umeå Sweden
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic
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Gambino G, Iacopetti P, Guidi P, Ippolito C, Linsalata S, Salvetti A, Rossi L. Cell quiescence in planarian stem cells, interplay between p53 and nutritional stimuli. Open Biol 2022; 12:220216. [PMID: 36541101 PMCID: PMC9768645 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell quiescence appeared early in evolution as an adaptive response to adverse conditions (i.e. nutrient depletion). In metazoans, quiescence has been involved in additional processes like tissue homeostasis, which is made possible by the presence of adult stem cells (ASCs). Cell cycle control machinery is a common hub for quiescence entrance, and evidence indicates a role for p53 in establishing the quiescent state of undamaged cells. Mechanisms responsible for waking up quiescent cells remain elusive, and nutritional stimulus, as a legacy of its original role, still appears to be a player in quiescence exit. Planarians, rich in ASCs, represent a suitable system in which we characterized a quiescent population of ASCs, the dorsal midline cord (DMC) cells, exhibiting unique transcriptional features and maintained quiescent by p53 and awakened upon feeding. The function of DMC cells is puzzling and we speculate that DMC cells, despite retaining ancient properties, might represent a functional drift in which quiescence has been recruited to provide evolutionary advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Gambino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Iacopetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Guidi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Linsalata
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals different signatures of mesenchymal stromal cell pluripotent-like and multipotent populations. iScience 2022; 25:105395. [PMID: 36339265 PMCID: PMC9633745 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are advantageous research targets for understanding the properties required to maintain stemness. Human bone marrow-mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) were separated into pluripotent-like SSEA-3(+) Muse cells (Muse-MSCs) and multipotent SSEA-3(−) MSCs (MSCs) and were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Compared with MSCs, Muse-MSCs exhibited higher expression levels of the p53 repressor MDM2; signal acceptance-related genes EGF, VEGF, PDGF, WNT, TGFB, INHB, and CSF; ribosomal protein; and glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Conversely, MSCs had higher expression levels of FGF and ANGPT; Rho family and caveola-related genes; amino acid and cofactor metabolism; MHC class I/II, and lysosomal enzyme genes than Muse-MSCs. Unsupervised clustering further divided Muse-MSCs into two clusters stratified by the expression of cell cycle-related genes, and MSCs into three clusters stratified by the expression of cell cycle-, cytoskeleton-, and extracellular matrix-related genes. This study evaluating the differentiation ability of BM-MSC subpopulations provides intriguing insights for understanding stemness. MSCs were separated into pluripotent-like Muse-MSCs and multipotent MSCs Gene expressions of Muse-MSCs and MSCs were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing p53 suppressor, ribosomal protein, and energy metabolism were higher in Muse-MSCs Genes related to the cytoskeleton, amino acid metabolism, and MHC were higher in MSCs
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11
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Jabbar S, Mathews P, Wang X, Sundaramoorthy P, Chu E, Piryani SO, Ding S, Shen X, Doan PL, Kang Y. Thioredoxin-1 regulates self-renewal and differentiation of murine hematopoietic stem cells through p53 tumor suppressor. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:83. [PMID: 36316713 PMCID: PMC9624023 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thioredoxin-1 (TXN1) is one of the major cellular antioxidants in mammals and is involved in a wide range of physiological cellular responses. However, little is known about the roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms of TXN1 in the regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). METHODS TXN1 conditional knockout mice (ROSA-CreER-TXN1fl/fl) and TXN1fl/fl control mice were used. The mice were treated with tamoxifen and the number and biological functions of HSPCs were measured by flow cytometry, PCR and western blot. Limiting dilution competitive transplantation with sorted HSCs and serial transplantations were performed to assess the effects of TXN1 knockout on HSC self-renewal and long-term reconstitutional capacity. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to investigate the downstream molecular pathways of TXN1 deletion in murine HSPCs. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments were performed in vitro in EML murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell line to investigate the effects of TXN1 and/or TP53 deletion on cell survival, senescence and colony forming units. TP53 protein degradation assay, CHiP PCR and PGL3 firefly/renilla reporter assay were performed. The effects of TXN1 on various molecular pathways relevant to HSC radiation protection were examined in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS TXN1-TP53 tumor suppressor axis regulates HSPC biological fitness. Deletion of TXN1 in HSPCs using in vivo and in vitro models activates TP53 signaling pathway, and attenuates HSPC capacity to reconstitute hematopoiesis. Furthermore, we found that knocking out of TXN1 renders HSPCs more sensitive to radiation and treatment with recombinant TXN1 promotes the proliferation and expansion of HSPCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that TXN1-TP53 axis acts as a regulatory mechanism in HSPC biological functions. Additionally, our study demonstrates the clinical potential of TXN1 for enhancing hematopoietic recovery in hematopoietic stem cell transplant and protecting HSPCs from radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaima Jabbar
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Parker Mathews
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Pasupathi Sundaramoorthy
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Emily Chu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Sadhna O Piryani
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Phuong L Doan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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12
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Cell-intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1361-1382. [PMID: 36309884 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a highly complex process, regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Often, these two regulatory arms work in tandem to maintain the steady-state condition of hematopoiesis. However, at times, certain intrinsic attributes of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) override the external stimuli and dominate the outcome. These could be genetic events like mutations or environmentally induced epigenetic or transcriptomic changes. Since leukemic stem cells (LSCs) share molecular pathways that also regulate normal HSCs, identifying specific, dominantly acting intrinsic factors could help in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here we have reviewed such dominantly acting intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of the HSCs in the face of external forces acting on them. For brevity, we have restricted our review to the articles dealing with adult HSCs of human and mouse origin that have been published in the last 10 years. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are closely associated with various stromal cells in their microenvironment and, thus, constantly receive signaling cues from them. The illustration depicts some dominantly acting intrinsic or cell-autonomous factors operative in the HSCs. These fall into various categories, such as epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, tumor suppressor genes, signaling pathways, and metabolic regulators, which counteract the outcome of extrinsic signaling exerted by the HSC niche.
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13
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A stem cell aging framework, from mechanisms to interventions. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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14
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Warsi S, Dahl M, Smith EMK, Rydström A, Mansell E, Sigurdsson V, Sjöberg J, Soneji S, Rörby E, Siva K, Grahn THM, Liu Y, Blank U, Karlsson G, Karlsson S. Schlafen2 is a regulator of quiescence in adult murine hematopoietic stem cells. Haematologica 2022; 107:2884-2896. [PMID: 35615926 PMCID: PMC9713563 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate, they primarily reside in quiescence. Despite the immense importance of this quiescent state, its maintenance and regulation is still incompletely understood. Schlafen2 (Slfn2) is a cytoplasmic protein known to be involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, quiescence, interferon response, and regulation of the immune system. Interestingly, Slfn2 is highly expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells. In order to investigate the role of Slfn2 in the regulation of HSC we have studied HSC function in the elektra mouse model, where the elektra allele of the Slfn2 gene contains a point mutation causing loss of function of the Slfn2 protein. We found that homozygosity for the elektra allele caused a decrease of primitive hematopoietic compartments in murine bone marrow. We further found that transplantation of elektra bone marrow and purified HSC resulted in a significantly reduced regenerative capacity of HSC in competitive transplantation settings. Importantly, we found that a significantly higher fraction of elektra HSC (as compared to wild-type HSC) were actively cycling, suggesting that the mutation in Slfn2 increases HSC proliferation. This additionally caused an increased amount of apoptotic stem and progenitor cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that dysregulation of Slfn2 results in a functional deficiency of primitive hematopoietic cells, which is particularly reflected by a drastically impaired ability to reconstitute the hematopoietic system following transplantation and an increase in HSC proliferation. This study thus identifies Slfn2 as a novel and critical regulator of adult HSC and HSC quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Warsi
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University,Skåne University Hospital, Region Skåne,S. Warsi
| | - Maria Dahl
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Emma M. K. Smith
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Anna Rydström
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Els Mansell
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Valgardur Sigurdsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Julia Sjöberg
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University,Lund University Bioinformatics Core, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Rörby
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Kavitha Siva
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Tan H. M. Grahn
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Ulrika Blank
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Göran Karlsson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
| | - Stefan Karlsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University
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15
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Discrete Logic Modeling of Cell Signaling Pathways. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2488:159-181. [PMID: 35347689 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2277-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling pathways often crosstalk generating complex biological behaviors observed in different cellular contexts. Frequently, laboratory experiments focus on a few putative regulators, alone unable to predict the molecular mechanisms behind the observed phenotypes. Here, systems biology complements these approaches by giving a holistic picture to complex signaling crosstalk. In particular, Boolean network models are a meaningful tool to study large network behaviors and can cope with incomplete kinetic information. By introducing a model describing pathways involved in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, we present a general approach on how to model cell signaling pathways with Boolean network models.
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16
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Morganti C, Ito K, Yanase C, Verma A, Teruya‐Feldstein J, Ito K. NPM1 ablation induces HSC aging and inflammation to develop myelodysplastic syndrome exacerbated by p53 loss. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54262. [PMID: 35229971 PMCID: PMC9066051 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis with morphologic dysplasia and a propensity to transform into overt acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our analysis of two cohorts of 20 MDS and 49 AML with multi-lineage dysplasia patients shows a reduction in Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) expression in 70% and 90% of cases, respectively. A mouse model of Npm1 conditional knockout (cKO) in hematopoietic cells reveals that Npm1 loss causes premature aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mitochondrial activation in Npm1-deficient HSCs leads to aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which correlates with a developing MDS-like phenotype. Npm1 cKO mice exhibit shortened survival times, and expansion of both the intra- and extra-medullary myeloid populations, while evoking a p53-dependent response. After transfer into a p53 mutant background, the resulting Npm1/p53 double KO mice develop fatal leukemia within 6 months. Our findings identify NPM1 as a regulator of HSC aging and inflammation and highlight the role of p53 in MDS progression to leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA,Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell InstituteAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA,Department of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA,Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell InstituteAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA,Department of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Chie Yanase
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA,Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell InstituteAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA,Department of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA,Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA,Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Julie Teruya‐Feldstein
- Department of PathologyIcahn School of MedicineMount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA,Department of PathologySloan‐Kettering InstituteMemorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA,Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell InstituteAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA,Department of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA,Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
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17
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Liao F, Chen Y, Wu Q, Wen J, Chen X, Wang W, Xu D, Liu M. Selective elimination of CML stem/progenitor cells by picropodophyllin in vitro and in vivo is associated with p53 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 579:1-7. [PMID: 34571387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematologic malignancy originating from BCR-ABL oncogene-transformed hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) known as leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Therefore, targeting LSCs is of primary importance to eradicate CML. The present study demonstrates that picropodophyllin (PPP) effectively induces apoptosis and inhibits colony formation in CML stem/progenitor cells as well as quiescent CML progenitors resistant to imatinib therapy, while sparing normal hematopoietic cells in vitro. Administration of PPP in vivo markedly diminishes CML stem/progenitor cells in a transgenic mouse model of CML by inhibition of cell proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis in LSK cells, and significantly improves survival of CML mice. Furthermore, PPP treatment preferentially leads to transcriptional activation of p53 in CML but not normal CD34+ cells, upregulation of p53 protein in LSCs-enriched Sca-1+ cells from CML mice, and increased phosphorylation of p53 and upregulation of Bax protein in Ku812 cells. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of PPP on CML stem/progenitor cells are associated with selective activation of p53 pathway and propose that PPP is a potent agent that selectively targets CML LSCs, and may be of value in the CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Liao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjie Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhang Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Manyu Liu
- School of Food Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Torres-Montaner A. The telomere complex and the origin of the cancer stem cell. Biomark Res 2021; 9:81. [PMID: 34736527 PMCID: PMC8567692 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exquisite regulation of telomere length is essential for the preservation of the lifetime function and self-renewal of stem cells. However, multiple oncogenic pathways converge on induction of telomere attrition or telomerase overexpression and these events can by themselves trigger malignant transformation. Activation of NFκB, the outcome of telomere complex damage, is present in leukemia stem cells but absent in normal stem cells and can activate DOT1L which has been linked to MLL-fusion leukemias. Tumors that arise from cells of early and late developmental stages appear to follow two different oncogenic routes in which the role of telomere and telomerase signaling might be differentially involved. In contrast, direct malignant transformation of stem cells appears to be extremely rare. This suggests an inherent resistance of stem cells to cancer transformation which could be linked to a stem cell’specific mechanism of telomere maintenance. However, tumor protection of normal stem cells could also be conferred by cell extrinsic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Torres-Montaner
- Department of Pathology, Queen's Hospital, Rom Valley Way, London, Romford, RM7 OAG, UK. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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19
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ANP32B-mediated repression of p53 contributes to maintenance of normal and CML stem cells. Blood 2021; 138:2485-2498. [PMID: 34359074 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of p53 signaling is critical for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs). The hematopoietic cell-specific mechanisms regulating p53 activity remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that conditional deletion of acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32B (ANP32B) in hematopoietic cells impairs repopulation capacity and post-injury regeneration of HSCs. Mechanistically, ANP32B forms a repressive complex with and thus inhibits the transcriptional activity of p53 in hematopoietic cells, and p53 deletion rescues the functional defect in Anp32b-deficient HSCs. Of great interest, ANP32B is highly expressed in leukemic cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. Anp32b deletion enhances p53 transcriptional activity to impair LSCs function in a murine CML model, and exhibits synergistic therapeutic effects with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in inhibiting CML propagation. In summary, our findings provide a novel strategy to enhance p53 activity in LSCs by inhibiting ANP32B, and identify ANP32B as a potential therapeutic target in treating CML.
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20
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Abstract
Malignancies of the erythroid lineage are rare but aggressive diseases. Notably, the first insights into their biology emerged over half a century ago from avian and murine tumor viruses-induced erythroleukemia models providing the rationale for several transgenic mouse models that unraveled the transforming potential of signaling effectors and transcription factors in the erythroid lineage. More recently, genetic roadmaps have fueled efforts to establish models that are based on the epigenomic lesions observed in patients with erythroid malignancies. These models, together with often unexpected erythroid phenotypes in genetically modified mice, provided further insights into the molecular mechanisms of disease initiation and maintenance. Here, we review how the increasing knowledge of human erythroleukemia genetics combined with those from various mouse models indicate that the pathogenesis of the disease is based on the interplay between signaling mutations, impaired TP53 function, and altered chromatin organization. These alterations lead to aberrant activity of erythroid transcriptional master regulators like GATA1, indicating that erythroleukemia will most likely require combinatorial targeting for efficient therapeutic interventions.
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21
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TIFAB Regulates USP15-Mediated p53 Signaling during Stressed and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2776-2790.e6. [PMID: 32101751 PMCID: PMC7384867 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAF-interacting protein with a forkhead-associated domain B (TIFAB) is implicated in myeloid malignancies with deletion of chromosome 5q. Employing a combination of proteomic and genetic approaches, we find that TIFAB regulates ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15) ubiquitin hydrolase activity. Expression of TIFAB in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) permits USP15 signaling to substrates, including MDM2 and KEAP1, and mitigates p53 expression. Consequently, TIFAB-deficient HSPCs exhibit compromised USP15 signaling and are sensitized to hematopoietic stress by derepression of p53. In MLL-AF9 leukemia, deletion of TIFAB increases p53 signaling and correspondingly decreases leukemic cell function and development of leukemia. Restoring USP15 expression partially rescues the function of TIFAB-deficient MLL-AF9 cells. Conversely, elevated TIFAB represses p53, increases leukemic progenitor function, and correlates with MLL gene expression programs in leukemia patients. Our studies uncover a function of TIFAB as an effector of USP15 activity and rheostat of p53 signaling in stressed and malignant HSPCs. Niederkorn et al. identify TIFAB as a critical node in hematopoietic cells under stressed and oncogenic cell states. Their studies indicate that deregulation of the TIFAB-USP15 complex, as observed in del(5q) myelodysplasia or MLL-rearranged leukemia, modulates p53 activity and has critical functional consequences for stressed and malignant hematopoietic cells.
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22
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Olson OC, Kang YA, Passegué E. Normal Hematopoiesis Is a Balancing Act of Self-Renewal and Regeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a035519. [PMID: 31988205 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is highly organized to maintain its functional integrity and to meet lifelong organismal demands. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) must balance self-renewal with differentiation and the regeneration of the blood system. It is a complex balancing act between these competing HSC functions. Although highly quiescent at steady state, HSCs become activated in response to inflammatory cytokines and regenerative challenges. This activation phase leads to many intrinsic stresses such as replicative, metabolic, and oxidative stress, which can cause functional decline, impaired self-renewal, and exhaustion of HSCs. To cope with these insults, HSCs use both built-in and emergency-triggered stress-response mechanisms to maintain homeostasis and to defend against disease development. In this review, we discuss how the hematopoietic system operates in steady state and stress conditions, what strategies are used to maintain functional integrity, and how deregulation in the balance between self-renewal and regeneration can drive malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oakley C Olson
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Yoon-A Kang
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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23
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Spreafico M, Gruszka AM, Valli D, Mazzola M, Deflorian G, Quintè A, Totaro MG, Battaglia C, Alcalay M, Marozzi A, Pistocchi A. HDAC8: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:844. [PMID: 33015043 PMCID: PMC7498549 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a class I HDAC that modifies non-histone proteins such as p53, is highly expressed in different hematological neoplasms including a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bearing inversion of chromosome 16 [inv(16)]. To investigate HDAC8 contribution to hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and myeloid leukemic transformation, we generated a zebrafish model with Hdac8 overexpression and observed an increase in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, a phenotype that could be reverted using a specific HDAC8 inhibitor, PCI-34051 (PCI). In addition, we demonstrated that AML cell lines respond differently to PCI treatment: HDAC8 inhibition elicits cytotoxic effect with cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis in THP-1 cells, and cytostatic effect in HL60 cells that lack p53. A combination of cytarabine, a standard anti-AML chemotherapeutic, with PCI resulted in a synergistic effect in all the cell lines tested. We, then, searched for a mechanism behind cell cycle arrest caused by HDAC8 inhibition in the absence of functional p53 and demonstrated an involvement of the canonical WNT signaling in zebrafish and in cell lines. Together, we provide the evidence for the role of HDAC8 in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in zebrafish and AML cell lines, suggesting HDAC8 inhibition as a therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Accordingly, we demonstrated the utility of a highly specific HDAC8 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in combination with standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Spreafico
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alicja M Gruszka
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Valli
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Mazzola
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Myriam Alcalay
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Marozzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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24
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Ikonomi N, Kühlwein SD, Schwab JD, Kestler HA. Awakening the HSC: Dynamic Modeling of HSC Maintenance Unravels Regulation of the TP53 Pathway and Quiescence. Front Physiol 2020; 11:848. [PMID: 32848827 PMCID: PMC7411231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provide all types of blood cells during the entire life of the organism. HSCs are mainly quiescent and can eventually enter the cell cycle to differentiate. HSCs are maintained and tightly regulated in a particular environment. The stem cell niche regulates dormancy and awakening. Deregulations of this interplay can lead to hematopoietic failure and diseases. In this paper, we present a Boolean network model that recapitulates HSC regulation in virtue of external signals coming from the niche. This Boolean network integrates and summarizes the current knowledge of HSC regulation and is based on extensive literature research. Furthermore, dynamic simulations suggest a novel systemic regulation of TP53 in homeostasis. Thereby, our model indicates that TP53 activity is balanced depending on external stimulations, engaging a regulatory mechanism involving ROS regulators and RAS activated transcription factors. Finally, we investigated different mouse models and compared them to in silico knockout simulations. Here, the model could recapitulate in vivo observed behaviors and thus sustains our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nensi Ikonomi
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Silke D Kühlwein
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian D Schwab
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Remote Ischemic Postconditioning Inhibits Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis and Mitophagy After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Rats. Shock 2020; 55:74-82. [PMID: 32590695 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that remote ischemic post-conditioning can improve brain damage caused by ischemia and hypoxia. However, the specific mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of remote ischemic post-conditioning on neuronal apoptosis and mitophagy after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish an asphyxia cardiac arrest model by clamping the tracheal duct. First, the expression levels of P53, Cytochrome c (Cytc), and Parkin in the cytoplasm and mitochondria were observed at 3, 6, 24, and 72 h after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Then neurological deficit scores, hippocampal neuron apoptosis, mitochondrial P53 and Parkin, cytoplasmic Cytc, and neuron ultrastructure were evaluated 24 h after ROSC. RESULTS P53 and Parkin can translocate from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, promoting the translocation of cytoplasmic Cytc to mitochondria after CPR, reaching a peak at 24 h after the ROSC. The P53 inhibitor Pifithrin-μ reduced apoptosis induced by P53 mitochondrial translocation. Apoptosis was induced after cardiac arrest and attenuated by remote ischemic postconditioning via inhibiting P53 mitochondrial translocation and the release of Cytc to the cytoplasm. In addition, remote ischemic postconditioning could inhibit Parkin-mediated mitophagy. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results show that remote ischemic post-conditioning improves neural function after CPR by inhibiting P53 mitochondrial translocation-induced apoptosis and Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
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26
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Panuzzo C, Jovanovski A, Pergolizzi B, Pironi L, Stanga S, Fava C, Cilloni D. Mitochondria: A Galaxy in the Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cell Universe. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113928. [PMID: 32486249 PMCID: PMC7312164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main fascinating energetic source into the cells. Their number, shape, and dynamism are controlled by the cell’s type and current behavior. The perturbation of the mitochondrial inward system via stress response and/or oncogenic insults could activate several trafficking molecular mechanisms with the intention to solve the problem. In this review, we aimed to clarify the crucial pathways in the mitochondrial system, dissecting the different metabolic defects, with a special emphasis on hematological malignancies. We investigated the pivotal role of mitochondria in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their main alterations that could induce malignant transformation, culminating in the generation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). In addition, we presented an overview of LSCs mitochondrial dysregulated mechanisms in terms of (1) increasing in oxidative phosphorylation program (OXPHOS), as a crucial process for survival and self-renewal of LSCs,(2) low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and (3) aberrant expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) with sustained mitophagy. Furthermore, these peculiarities may represent attractive new “hot spots” for mitochondrial-targeted therapy. Finally, we remark the potential of the LCS metabolic effectors to be exploited as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Aleksandar Jovanovski
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Barbara Pergolizzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Lucrezia Pironi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Serena Stanga
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, 10124 Turin, Italy;
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Carmen Fava
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
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Santoro A, Vlachou T, Luzi L, Melloni G, Mazzarella L, D'Elia E, Aobuli X, Pasi CE, Reavie L, Bonetti P, Punzi S, Casoli L, Sabò A, Moroni MC, Dellino GI, Amati B, Nicassio F, Lanfrancone L, Pelicci PG. p53 Loss in Breast Cancer Leads to Myc Activation, Increased Cell Plasticity, and Expression of a Mitotic Signature with Prognostic Value. Cell Rep 2020; 26:624-638.e8. [PMID: 30650356 PMCID: PMC6334229 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of p53 function is invariably associated with cancer. Its role in tumor growth was recently linked to its effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs), although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that c-myc is a transcriptional target of p53 in mammary stem cells (MaSCs) and is activated in breast tumors as a consequence of p53 loss. Constitutive Myc expression in normal mammary cells leads to increased frequency of MaSC symmetric divisions, extended MaSC replicative-potential, and MaSC-reprogramming of progenitors, whereas Myc activation in breast cancer is necessary and sufficient to maintain the expanding pool of CSCs. Concomitant p53 loss and Myc activation trigger the expression of 189 mitotic genes, which identify patients at high risk of mortality and relapse, independently of other risk factors. Altogether, deregulation of the p53:Myc axis in mammary tumors increases CSC content and plasticity and is a critical determinant of tumor growth and clinical aggressiveness. Myc is overexpressed and deregulated in breast tumors because of p53 signaling attenuation Myc activation favors SC symmetric divisions and SC reprogramming of progenitors Myc activation is necessary and sufficient to sustain the cancer SC phenotype Expression of 189 mitotic p53:Myc targets identifies high-risk breast cancer patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santoro
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Thalia Vlachou
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Luzi
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Melloni
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Errico D'Elia
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Xieraili Aobuli
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Elisabetta Pasi
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Linsey Reavie
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; BioPharma Excellence, Agnes-Pockels-Bogen 1, 80922 Munich, Germany
| | - Paola Bonetti
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Punzi
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Casoli
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Sabò
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Moroni
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Ivan Dellino
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Amati
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicassio
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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28
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Lu PCW, Shahbaz S, Winn LM. Benzene and its effects on cell signaling pathways related to hematopoiesis and leukemia. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1018-1032. [PMID: 32112456 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is an environmental toxicant found in many consumer products. It is an established human carcinogen and is known to cause acute myeloid leukemia in adults. Epidemiological evidence has since shown that benzene can cross the placenta and affect the fetal liver. Animal studies have shown that in utero exposure to benzene can increase tumor incidence in offspring. Although there have been risk factors established for acute myeloid leukemia, they still do not account for many of the cases. Clearly then, current efforts to elucidate the mechanism by which benzene exerts its carcinogenic properties have been superficial. Owing to the critical role of cell signaling pathways in the development of an organism and its various organ systems, it seems plausible to suspect that these pathways may have a role in leukemogenesis. This review article assesses current evidence of the effects of benzene on critical hematopoietic signaling pathways. Pathways discussed included Hedgehog, Notch/Delta, Wingless/Integrated, nuclear factor-kappaB and others. Following a review of the literature, it seems that current evidence about the effects of benzene on these critical signaling pathways remains limited. Given the important role of these pathways in hematopoiesis, more attention should be given to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C W Lu
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Shahbaz
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,School of Environmental Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Shokouhian M, Bagheri M, Poopak B, Chegeni R, Davari N, Saki N. Altering chromatin methylation patterns and the transcriptional network involved in regulation of hematopoietic stem cell fate. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6404-6423. [PMID: 32052445 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are quiescent cells with self-renewal capacity and potential multilineage development. Various molecular regulatory mechanisms such as epigenetic modifications and transcription factor (TF) networks play crucial roles in establishing a balance between self-renewal and differentiation of HSCs. Histone/DNA methylations are important epigenetic modifications involved in transcriptional regulation of specific lineage HSCs via controlling chromatin structure and accessibility of DNA. Also, TFs contribute to either facilitation or inhibition of gene expression through binding to enhancer or promoter regions of DNA. As a result, epigenetic factors and TFs regulate the activation or repression of HSCs genes, playing a central role in normal hematopoiesis. Given the importance of histone/DNA methylation and TFs in gene expression regulation, their aberrations, including changes in HSCs-related methylation of histone/DNA and TFs (e.g., CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on the chromosome 10, Runt-related transcription factor 1, signal transducers and activators of transcription, and RAS family proteins) could disrupt HSCs fate. Herewith, we summarize how dysregulations in the expression of genes related to self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of HSCs caused by changes in epigenetic modifications and transcriptional networks lead to clonal expansion and leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shokouhian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziye Bagheri
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behzad Poopak
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Michener Institute of Education at University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nader Davari
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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30
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Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation of the System-Level Molecular Mechanisms of the Hematopoietic Activity of Samul-Tang, a Traditional Korean Herbal Formula. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9048089. [PMID: 32104198 PMCID: PMC7040423 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9048089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a dynamic process of the continuous production of diverse blood cell types to meet the body's physiological demands and involves complex regulation of multiple cellular mechanisms in hematopoietic stem cells, including proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptosis. Disruption of the hematopoietic system is known to cause various hematological disorders such as myelosuppression. There is growing evidence on the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on hematopoiesis; however, their mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a network pharmacological-based investigation of the system-level mechanisms underlying the hematopoietic activity of Samul-tang, which is an herbal formula consisting of four herbal medicines, including Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Paeoniae Radix Alba, and Cnidii Rhizoma. In silico analysis of the absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion model identified 16 active phytochemical compounds contained in Samul-tang that may target 158 genes/proteins associated with myelosuppression to exert pharmacological effects. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the targets of Samul-tang were significantly enriched in multiple pathways closely related to the hematopoiesis and myelosuppression development, including the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, IL-17, TNF, FoxO, HIF-1, NF-kappa B, and p53 signaling pathways. Our study provides novel evidence regarding the system-level mechanisms underlying the hematopoiesis-promoting effect of herbal medicines for hematological disorder treatment.
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31
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Shapiro MJ, Anderson J, Lehrke MJ, Chen M, Nelson Holte M, Shapiro VS. NKAP Regulates Senescence and Cell Death Pathways in Hematopoietic Progenitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:214. [PMID: 31632967 PMCID: PMC6783958 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
NKAP is a multi-functional nuclear protein that has been shown to be essential for hematopoiesis. Deletion of NKAP in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was previously found to result in rapid lethality and hematopoietic failure. NKAP deficient cells also exhibited diminished proliferation and increased expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p19 Ink4d and p21 Cip1. To determine how dysregulation of CDKI expression contributes to the effects of NKAP deficiency, NKAP was deleted in mice also deficient in p19 Ink4d or p21 Cip1 using poly-IC treatment to induce Mx1-cre. Hematopoietic failure and lethality were not prevented by deficiency in either CDKI when NKAP was deleted. Inducible deletion of NKAP in cultured hematopoietic progenitors ex vivo resulted in a senescent phenotype and altered expression of numerous cell cycle regulators including the CDKI p16 INK4a. Interestingly, while combined deficiency in p16 INK4a and p21 Cip1 did not reverse the effect of NKAP deficiency on hematopoiesis in vivo, it did shift the consequence of NKAP deficiency from senescence to apoptosis in ex vivo cultures. These results suggest that NKAP may limit cellular stress that can trigger cell cycle withdrawal or cell death, a role critical for the maintenance of a viable pool of hematopoietic progenitors.
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32
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Li X, Wu L, Zopp M, Kopelov S, Du W. p53-TP53-Induced Glycolysis Regulator Mediated Glycolytic Suppression Attenuates DNA Damage and Genomic Instability in Fanconi Anemia Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:937-947. [PMID: 30977208 PMCID: PMC6599562 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that resting quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) prefer to utilize anaerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial respiration for energy production. Compelling evidence has also revealed that altered metabolic energetics in HSCs underlies the onset of certain blood diseases; however, the mechanisms responsible for energetic reprogramming remain elusive. We recently found that Fanconi anemia (FA) HSCs in their resting state are more dependent on mitochondrial respiration for energy metabolism than on glycolysis. In the present study, we investigated the role of deficient glycolysis in FA HSC maintenance. We observed significantly reduced glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP production in HSCs but not in the less primitive multipotent progenitors or restricted hematopoietic progenitors of Fanca−/− and Fancc−/− mice compared with that of wild‐type mice, which was associated with an overactivated p53 and TP53‐induced glycolysis regulator, the TIGAR‐mediated metabolic axis. We utilized Fanca−/− HSCs deficient for p53 to show that the p53‐TIGAR axis suppressed glycolysis in FA HSCs, leading to enhanced pentose phosphate pathway and cellular antioxidant function and, consequently, reduced DNA damage and attenuated HSC exhaustion. Furthermore, by using Fanca−/− HSCs carrying the separation‐of‐function mutant p53R172P transgene that selectively impairs the p53 function in apoptosis but not cell‐cycle control, we demonstrated that the cell‐cycle function of p53 was not required for glycolytic suppression in FA HSCs. Finally, ectopic expression of the glycolytic rate‐limiting enzyme PFKFB3 specifically antagonized p53‐TIGAR‐mediated metabolic reprogramming in FA HSCs. Together, our results suggest that p53‐TIGAR metabolic axis‐mediated glycolytic suppression may play a compensatory role in attenuating DNA damage and proliferative exhaustion in FA HSCs. stem cells2019;37:937–947
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Morgan Zopp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shaina Kopelov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Asrij/OCIAD1 suppresses CSN5-mediated p53 degradation and maintains mouse hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. Blood 2019; 133:2385-2400. [PMID: 30952670 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 is essential for unrestrained growth of cancers. However, only 11% of hematological malignancies have mutant p53. Mechanisms that cause wild-type p53 dysfunction and promote leukemia are inadequately deciphered. The stem cell protein Asrij/OCIAD1 is misexpressed in several human hematological malignancies and implicated in the p53 pathway and DNA damage response. However, Asrij function in vertebrate hematopoiesis remains unknown. We generated the first asrij null (knockout [KO]) mice and show that they are viable and fertile with no gross abnormalities. However, by 6 months, they exhibit increased peripheral blood cell counts, splenomegaly, and an expansion of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with higher myeloid output. HSCs lacking Asrij are less quiescent and more proliferative with higher repopulation potential as observed from serial transplantation studies. However, stressing KO mice with sublethal γ irradiation or multiple injections of 5-fluorouracil results in reduced survival and rapid depletion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) by driving them into proliferative exhaustion. Molecular and biochemical analyses revealed increased polyubiquitinated protein levels, Akt/STAT5 activation and COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5)-mediated p53 ubiquitination, and degradation in KO HSPCs. Further, we show that Asrij sequesters CSN5 via its conserved OCIA domain, thereby preventing p53 degradation. In agreement, Nutlin-3 treatment of KO mice restored p53 levels and reduced high HSPC frequencies. Thus, we provide a new mouse model resembling myeloproliferative disease and identify a posttranslational regulator of wild-type p53 essential for maintaining HSC quiescence that could be a potential target for pharmacological intervention.
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Eberhardt K, Matthäus C, Marthandan S, Diekmann S, Popp J. Raman and infrared spectroscopy reveal that proliferating and quiescent human fibroblast cells age by biochemically similar but not identical processes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207380. [PMID: 30507927 PMCID: PMC6277109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal fibroblast cells can adopt different cell states such as proliferation, quiescence, apoptosis or senescence, in order to ensure tissue homeostasis. Proliferating (dividing) cells pass through the phases of the cell cycle, while quiescent and senescent cells exist in a non-proliferating cell cycle-arrested state. However, the reversible quiescence state is in contrast to the irreversible senescence state. Long-term quiescent cells transit into senescence indicating that cells age also when not passing through the cell cycle. Here, by label-free in vitro vibrational spectroscopy, we studied the biomolecular composition of quiescent dermal fibroblast cells and compared them with those of proliferating and senescent cells. Spectra were examined by multivariate statistical analysis using a PLS-LDA classification model, revealing differences in the biomolecular composition between the cell states mainly associated with protein alterations (variations in the side chain residues of amino acids and protein secondary structure), but also within nucleic acids and lipids. We observed spectral changes in quiescent compared to proliferating cells, which increased with quiescence cultivation time. Raman and infrared spectroscopy, which yield complementary biochemical information, clearly distinguished contact-inhibited from serum-starved quiescent cells. Furthermore, the spectra displayed spectral differences between quiescent cells and proliferating cells, which had recovered from quiescence. This became more distinct with increasing quiescence cultivation time. When comparing proliferating, (in particular long-term) quiescent and senescent cells, we found that Raman as well as infrared spectroscopy can separate these three cellular states from each other due to differences in their biomolecular composition. Our spectroscopic analysis shows that proliferating and quiescent fibroblast cells age by similar but biochemically not identical processes. Despite their aging induced changes, over long time periods quiescent cells can return into the cell cycle. Finally however, the cell cycle arrest becomes irreversible indicating senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Eberhardt
- Spectroscopy and Imaging, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Matthäus
- Spectroscopy and Imaging, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Shiva Marthandan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Diekmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Spectroscopy and Imaging, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
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35
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Huang C, Tu Y, Freter CE. Fludarabine-resistance associates with ceramide metabolism and leukemia stem cell development in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33124-33137. [PMID: 30237856 PMCID: PMC6145702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fludarabine (flu) -containing regimens such as flu, cyclophosphamide and rituximab have been established as one of the standard first line therapy in medically-fit chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Therefore, flu-refractory (primary flu-insensitivity or flu-caused relapse) remains a major problem causing treatment failure for CLL patients. We isolated the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CLL patients and treated with flu to find flu-refractory cases, and established flu-resistant clonal cells to study molecular mechanism of flu-resistance. By comparing parental MEC-2 cells, a human CLL cell line, we found that flu-resistant clonal cells were significantly increased lethal dose 50 of flu concentration, and up-regulated expression of P-glycoprotein, a drug-resistant marker, glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), an enzyme that can convert ceramide to glucosylceramide, and CD34, a leukemia stem cell marker. Overexpression of GCS leads to promptly elimination of cellular ceramide levels and accumulation of glucosylceramide, which reduces apoptosis and promotes survival and proliferation of flu-resistant clonal cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the accumulation of glucosylceramide can be blocked by PDMP to restore flu-sensitivity in flu-resistant clonal cells. We also found that elevating glucosylceramide levels in flu-resistant clonal cells was associated with up-regulation of GCS and CD34 expression. Importantly, overexpression of GCS or CD34 was also determined in flu-refractory PBMCs. Our results show that flu-resistance is associated with the alteration of ceramide metabolism and the development of leukemia stem cell-like cells. The flu-resistance can be reversed by GCS inhibition as a novel strategy for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfa Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yifan Tu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carl E Freter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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36
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Boregowda SV, Krishnappa V, Strivelli J, Haga CL, Booker CN, Phinney DG. Basal p53 expression is indispensable for mesenchymal stem cell integrity. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:679-692. [PMID: 29311623 PMCID: PMC5883824 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Marrow-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serve as a functional component of the perivascular niche that regulates hematopoiesis. They also represent the main source of bone formed in adult bone marrow, and their bifurcation to osteoblast and adipocyte lineages plays a key role in skeletal homeostasis and aging. Although the tumor suppressor p53 also functions in bone organogenesis, homeostasis, and neoplasia, its role in MSCs remains poorly described. Herein, we examined the normal physiological role of p53 in primary MSCs cultured under physiologic oxygen levels. Using knockout mice and gene silencing we show that p53 inactivation downregulates expression of TWIST2, which normally restrains cellular differentiation to maintain wild-type MSCs in a multipotent state, depletes mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and suppresses ROS generation and PPARG gene and protein induction in response to adipogenic stimuli. Mechanistically, this loss of adipogenic potential skews MSCs toward an osteogenic fate, which is further potentiated by TWIST2 downregulation, resulting in highly augmented osteogenic differentiation. We also show that p53−/− MSCs are defective in supporting hematopoiesis as measured in standard colony assays because of decreased secretion of various cytokines including CXCL12 and CSF1. Lastly, we show that transient exposure of wild-type MSCs to 21% oxygen upregulates p53 protein expression, resulting in increased mitochondrial ROS production and enhanced adipogenic differentiation at the expense of osteogenesis, and that treatment of cells with FGF2 mitigates these effects by inducing TWIST2. Together, these findings indicate that basal p53 levels are necessary to maintain MSC bi-potency, and oxygen-induced increases in p53 expression modulate cell fate and survival decisions. Because of the critical function of basal p53 in MSCs, our findings question the use of p53 null cell lines as MSC surrogates, and also implicate dysfunctional MSC responses in the pathophysiology of p53-related skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddaraju V Boregowda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute - Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Veena Krishnappa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute - Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jacqueline Strivelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute - Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Christopher L Haga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute - Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Cori N Booker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute - Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Donald G Phinney
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute - Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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Lee JM, Govindarajah V, Goddard B, Hinge A, Muench DE, Filippi MD, Aronow B, Cancelas JA, Salomonis N, Grimes HL, Reynaud D. Obesity alters the long-term fitness of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment through modulation of Gfi1 expression. J Exp Med 2017; 215:627-644. [PMID: 29282250 PMCID: PMC5789409 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lee et al. show that established obesity alters the composition and long-term fitness of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment, in part through a Gfi1-dependent HSC regulatory program that is activated by the chronic oxidative stress associated with this condition. Obesity is a chronic organismal stress that disrupts multiple systemic and tissue-specific functions. In this study, we describe the impact of obesity on the activity of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment. We show that obesity alters the composition of the HSC compartment and its activity in response to hematopoietic stress. The impact of obesity on HSC function is progressively acquired but persists after weight loss or transplantation into a normal environment. Mechanistically, we establish that the oxidative stress induced by obesity dysregulates the expression of the transcription factor Gfi1 and that increased Gfi1 expression is required for the abnormal HSC function induced by obesity. These results demonstrate that obesity produces durable changes in HSC function and phenotype and that elevation of Gfi1 expression in response to the oxidative environment is a key driver of the altered HSC properties observed in obesity. Altogether, these data provide phenotypic and mechanistic insight into durable hematopoietic dysregulations resulting from obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mi Lee
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Vinothini Govindarajah
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bryan Goddard
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ashwini Hinge
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David E Muench
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bruce Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jose A Cancelas
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Damien Reynaud
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Hua WK, Qi J, Cai Q, Carnahan E, Ayala Ramirez M, Li L, Marcucci G, Kuo YH. HDAC8 regulates long-term hematopoietic stem-cell maintenance under stress by modulating p53 activity. Blood 2017; 130:2619-2630. [PMID: 29084772 PMCID: PMC5731083 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-771386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance and functional integrity of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) is critical for lifelong hematopoietic regeneration. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) modulate acetylation of lysine residues, a protein modification important for regulation of numerous biological processes. Here, we show that Hdac8 is most highly expressed in the phenotypic LT-HSC population within the adult hematopoietic hierarchy. Using an Hdac8-floxed allele and a dual-fluorescence Cre reporter allele, largely normal hematopoietic differentiation capacity of Hdac8-deficient cells was observed. However, the frequency of phenotypic LT-HSC population was significantly higher shortly after Hdac8 deletion, and the expansion had shifted to the phenotypic multipotent progenitor population by 1 year. We show that Hdac8-deficient hematopoietic progenitors are compromised in colony-forming cell serial replating in vitro and long-term serial repopulating activity in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the HDAC8 protein interacts with the p53 protein and modulates p53 activity via deacetylation. Hdac8-deficient LT-HSCs displayed hyperactivation of p53 and increased apoptosis under genotoxic and hematopoietic stress. Genetic inactivation of p53 reversed the increased apoptosis and elevated expression of proapoptotic targets Noxa and Puma seen in Hdac8-deleted LT-HSCs. Dramatically compromised hematopoietic recovery and increased lethality were seen in Hdac8-deficient mice challenged with serial 5-fluorouracil treatment. This hypersensitivity to hematopoietic ablation was completely rescued by inactivation of p53. Altogether, these results indicate that HDAC8 functions to modulate p53 activity to ensure LT-HSC maintenance and cell survival under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kai Hua
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Qi Cai
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Emily Carnahan
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Maria Ayala Ramirez
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ya-Huei Kuo
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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Kannappan R, Matsuda A, Ferreira-Martins J, Zhang E, Palano G, Czarna A, Cabral-Da-Silva MC, Bastos-Carvalho A, Sanada F, Ide N, Rota M, Blasco MA, Serrano M, Anversa P, Leri A. p53 Modulates the Fate of Cardiac Progenitor Cells Ex Vivo and in the Diabetic Heart In Vivo. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:224-237. [PMID: 28163043 PMCID: PMC5474510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is an important modulator of stem cell fate, but its role in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) is unknown. Here, we tested the effects of a single extra-copy of p53 on the function of CPCs in the presence of oxidative stress mediated by doxorubicin in vitro and type-1 diabetes in vivo. CPCs were obtained from super-p53 transgenic mice (p53-tg), in which the additional allele is regulated in a manner similar to the endogenous protein. Old CPCs with increased p53 dosage showed a superior ability to sustain oxidative stress, repair DNA damage and restore cell division. With doxorubicin, a larger fraction of CPCs carrying an extra-copy of the p53 allele recruited γH2A.X reestablishing DNA integrity. Enhanced p53 expression resulted in a superior tolerance to oxidative stress in vivo by providing CPCs with defense mechanisms necessary to survive in the milieu of the diabetic heart; they engrafted in regions of tissue injury and in three days acquired the cardiomyocyte phenotype. The biological advantage provided by the increased dosage of p53 in CPCs suggests that this genetic strategy may be translated to humans to increase cellular engraftment and growth, critical determinants of successful cell therapy for the failing heart. p53 improves the ability of CPCs to sustain oxidative stress. p53 promotes the restoration of DNA integrity and cell division. p53 enhances the engraftment of CPCs in the diabetic heart.
Ongoing clinical trials with autologous cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are faced with a critical limitation which is related to the modest amount of retained cells within the damaged myocardium. We have developed a strategy that overcomes in part this problem enhancing the number of CSCs able to engraft within the pathologic organ. Additionally, these genetically modified CSCs can be generated in large number, raising the possibility that multiple temporally distinct deliveries of cells can be introduced to restore the structural and functional integrity of the decompensated heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex Matsuda
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - João Ferreira-Martins
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giorgia Palano
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Czarna
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mauricio Castro Cabral-Da-Silva
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adriana Bastos-Carvalho
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fumihiro Sanada
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noriko Ide
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcello Rota
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Piero Anversa
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Annarosa Leri
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
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40
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Vanegas NDP, Vernot JP. Loss of quiescence and self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cell in an in vitro leukemic niche. Exp Hematol Oncol 2017; 6:2. [PMID: 28078190 PMCID: PMC5223333 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-016-0062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leukemic and mesenchymal stem cells interact in the leukemic microenvironment and affect each other differently. This interplay has also important implications for the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology and function. This study evaluated human HSC self-renewal potential and quiescence in an in vitro leukemic niche without leukemic cells. Methods A leukemic niche was established by co-culturing mesenchymal stem cells with a fresh conditioned medium obtained from a leukemic (REH) cell line. After 3 days, the REH-conditioned medium was removed and freshly isolated CD34+ at a density of up to 100,000 cells/ml were added to the leukemic niche. CD34+ cell evaluations (cell cycle, self-renewal gene expression and migration capacity) were performed after 3 further days of co-culture. Additionally, we preliminary investigated the soluble factors present in the leukemic niche and their effect on the mesenchymal stem cells. Statistical significance was assessed by Student’s t test or the nonparametric test Kolmogorov–Smirnov. Results By co-culturing normal mesenchymal stem cells with the REH-conditioned medium we showed that hematopoietic stem cells, normally in a quiescent state, enter cell cycle and proliferate. This loss of quiescence was accompanied by an increased expression of Ki-67 and c-Myc, two well-known cell proliferation-associated markers. Two central regulators of quiescence GATA2 and p53 were also down regulated. Importantly, two genes involved in HSC self-renewal, Klf4 and the histone–lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme Ezh2, were severely affected. On the contrary, c-Kit expression, the stem cell factor receptor, was upregulated in hematopoietic stem cells when compared to the normal niche. Interestingly, mesenchymal stem cells incubated with the REH-conditioned medium stopped growing, showed a flattened morphology with the appearance of small vacuoles, and importantly, became positive for the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Evaluation of the leukemic-conditioned medium showed increased IL-6 and IL-8, suggesting that these cytokines could be responsible for the observed changes. Conclusions Our results showed that quiescence and self-renewal are severely affected in this leukemic niche. This in vitro leukemic niche, established without leukemic cells, will facilitate HSC gene expression evaluation and the development of therapeutic agents aimed to neutralize soluble factors and the cell signaling pathways involved in HSC alterations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40164-016-0062-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia-Del Pilar Vanegas
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C. 111321 Colombia
| | - Jean-Paul Vernot
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C. 111321 Colombia
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41
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Yucel D, Kocabas F. Developments in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion and Gene Editing Technologies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1079:103-125. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Valdez JM, Nichols KE, Kesserwan C. Li-Fraumeni syndrome: a paradigm for the understanding of hereditary cancer predisposition. Br J Haematol 2016; 176:539-552. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Valdez
- Division of Cancer Predisposition; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis TN USA
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Division of Cancer Predisposition; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis TN USA
| | - Chimene Kesserwan
- Division of Cancer Predisposition; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis TN USA
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Ding Y, Gao H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Vasdev N, Gao Y, Chen Y, Zhang Q. Alantolactone selectively ablates acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:93. [PMID: 27658462 PMCID: PMC5034521 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor outcomes for patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are largely attributed to leukemia stem cells (LSCs) which are difficult to eliminate with conventional therapy and responsible for relapse. Thus, new therapeutic strategies which could selectively target LSCs in clinical leukemia treatment and avoid drug resistance are urgently needed. However, only a few small molecules have been reported to show anti-LSCs activity. METHODS The aim of the present study was to identify alantolactone as novel agent that can ablate acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells from AML patient specimens and evaluate the anticancer activity of alantolactone in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The present study is the first to demonstrate that alantolactone, a prominent eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactone, could specifically ablate LSCs from AML patient specimens. Furthermore, in comparison to the conventional chemotherapy drug, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), alantolactone showed superior effects of leukemia cytotoxicity while sparing normal hematopoietic cells. Alantolactone induced apoptosis with a dose-dependent manner by suppression of NF-kB and its downstream target proteins. DMA-alantolactone, a water-soluble prodrug of alantolactone, could suppress tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we propose that alantolactone may represent a novel LSCs-targeted therapy and eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones offer a new scaffold for drug discovery towards anti-LSCs agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Huier Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingdai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Cho SJ, Koo J, Chun KH, Cha HJ. Control of stress signaling in stem cells: crossroads of stem cells and cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12983-12990. [PMID: 27460084 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a relatively rare event in the human body considering the enormous number of cells composing our body and the frequent occurrence of genetic mutations in each cell. Nevertheless, the cells that happen to meet the minimum requirements can be transformed when stressed by a variety of oncogenic stimulations, then progress to form tumors. The vigorous competition between oncogenic signaling and tumor-suppressor defense is a critical determinant of cellular fate, which can be either tumorigenic transformation or cellular senescence/apoptosis depending on "who wins the battle." Recently, a number of cancers have been reported to originate from stem cells, whose self-renewing properties are normally reduced by innate tumor suppressors. Therefore, exploring the innate mechanism by which stem cells modulate tumor suppressors to maintain their "stemness" may provide valuable clues to characterize the distinctive oncogenic susceptibility of stem cells. This review is focused on the recent advances in the field of tumorigenesis of stem cells and on the associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - JaeHyung Koo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea.
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45
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Du W, Amarachintha S, Wilson AF, Pang Q. SCO2 Mediates Oxidative Stress-Induced Glycolysis to Oxidative Phosphorylation Switch in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 34:960-71. [PMID: 26676373 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited bone marrow (BM) failure syndrome, presumably resulting from defects in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Normal HSCs depend more on glycolysis than on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production. Here, we show that FA HSCs are more sensitive to the respiration inhibitor NaN3 treatment than to glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), indicating more dependence on OXPHOS. FA HSCs undergo glycolysis-to-OXPHOS switch in response to oxidative stress through a p53-dependent mechanism. Metabolic stresses induce upregulation of p53 metabolic targets in FA HSCs. Inactivation of p53 in FA HSCs prevents glycolysis-to-OXPHOS switch. Furthermore, p53-deficient FA HSCs are more sensitive to 2-DG-mediated metabolic stress. Finally, oxidative stress-induced glycolysis-to-OXPHOS switch is mediated by synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 (SCO2). These findings demonstrate p53-mediated OXPHOS function as a compensatory alteration in FA HSCs to ensure a functional but mildly impaired energy metabolism and suggest a cautious approach to manipulating p53 signaling in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Divisions of Radiation Health, College of Pharmacy, UAMS, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Surya Amarachintha
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew F Wilson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Qishen Pang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Miltiades P, Lamprianidou E, Vassilakopoulos TP, Papageorgiou SG, Galanopoulos AG, Kontos CK, Adamopoulos PG, Nakou E, Vakalopoulou S, Garypidou V, Papaioannou M, Hatjiharissi E, Papadaki HA, Spanoudakis E, Pappa V, Scorilas A, Tsatalas C, Kotsianidis I. The Stat3/5 Signaling Biosignature in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Predicts Response and Outcome in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients Treated with Azacitidine. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1958-68. [PMID: 26700206 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Azacitidine is the mainstay of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) therapy, but molecular predictors of response and the mechanisms of resistance to azacitidine remain largely unidentified. Deregulation of signaling via Stat3 and Stat5 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with aggressive disease. Numerous genes involved in cell signaling are aberrantly methylated in MDS, yet the alterations and the effect of azacitidine treatment on Stat3/5 signaling in high-risk MDS have not been explored. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We assessed longitudinally constitutive and ligand-induced phospho-Stat3/5 signaling responses by multiparametric flow cytometry in 74 patients with MDS and low blast count AML undergoing azacitidine therapy. Pretreatment Stat3/5 signaling profiles in CD34(+)cells were grouped by unsupervised clustering. The differentiation stage and the molecular properties of the CD34(+)G-CSF-inducible Stat3/5 double-positive subpopulation were performed by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR in isolated MDS progenitors. RESULTS The pretreatment Stat3/5 signaling profiles in CD34(+)cells correlated strongly with response and cytogenetics and independently predicted event-free survival. We further identified a CD34(+)G-CSF-inducible Stat3/5 double-positive subpopulation (DP subset) whose pretreatment levels were inversely associated with treatment response and cytogenetics. The kinetics of the DP subset followed the response to azacitidine and the disease course, whereas its molecular characteristics and cellular hierarchy were consistent with a leukemia propagating cell phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a novel link among Stat3/5 signaling and MDS pathobiology and suggest that the Stat3/5 signaling biosignature may serve as both a response biomarker and treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Miltiades
- Department of Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Theodoros P Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Hematology, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Nakou
- Department of Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Sofia Vakalopoulou
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilia Garypidou
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Papaioannou
- Department of Haematology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evdoxia Hatjiharissi
- Department of Hematology, Theageneion Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen A Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanuil Spanoudakis
- Department of Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Kotsianidis
- Department of Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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Tsang JCH, Yu Y, Burke S, Buettner F, Wang C, Kolodziejczyk AA, Teichmann SA, Lu L, Liu P. Single-cell transcriptomic reconstruction reveals cell cycle and multi-lineage differentiation defects in Bcl11a-deficient hematopoietic stem cells. Genome Biol 2015; 16:178. [PMID: 26387834 PMCID: PMC4576406 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare cell type with the ability of long-term self-renewal and multipotency to reconstitute all blood lineages. HSCs are typically purified from the bone marrow using cell surface markers. Recent studies have identified significant cellular heterogeneities in the HSC compartment with subsets of HSCs displaying lineage bias. We previously discovered that the transcription factor Bcl11a has critical functions in the lymphoid development of the HSC compartment. RESULTS In this report, we employ single-cell transcriptomic analysis to dissect the molecular heterogeneities in HSCs. We profile the transcriptomes of 180 highly purified HSCs (Bcl11a (+/+) and Bcl11a (-/-)). Detailed analysis of the RNA-seq data identifies cell cycle activity as the major source of transcriptomic variation in the HSC compartment, which allows reconstruction of HSC cell cycle progression in silico. Single-cell RNA-seq profiling of Bcl11a (-/-) HSCs reveals abnormal proliferative phenotypes. Analysis of lineage gene expression suggests that the Bcl11a (-/-) HSCs are constituted of two distinct myeloerythroid-restricted subpopulations. Remarkably, similar myeloid-restricted cells could also be detected in the wild-type HSC compartment, suggesting selective elimination of lymphoid-competent HSCs after Bcl11a deletion. These defects are experimentally validated in serial transplantation experiments where Bcl11a (-/-) HSCs are myeloerythroid-restricted and defective in self-renewal. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the power of single-cell transcriptomics in dissecting cellular process and lineage heterogeneities in stem cell compartments, and further reveals the molecular and cellular defects in the Bcl11a-deficient HSC compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C H Tsang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Yong Yu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Shannon Burke
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Florian Buettner
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK.,Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Aleksandra A Kolodziejczyk
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Liming Lu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK. .,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
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48
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Urata YN, Takeshita F, Tanaka H, Ochiya T, Takimoto M. Targeted Knockdown of the Kinetochore Protein D40/Knl-1 Inhibits Human Cancer in a p53 Status-Independent Manner. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13676. [PMID: 26348410 PMCID: PMC4562263 DOI: 10.1038/srep13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The D40 gene encodes a kinetochore protein that plays an essential role in kinetochore formation during mitosis. Short inhibitory RNA against D40, D40 siRNA, has been shown to deplete the D40 protein in the human cancer cell line HeLa, which harbors wild-type p53, and this activity was followed by the significant inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptotic cell death. The p53-null cancer cell line, PC-3M-luc, is also sensitive to the significant growth inhibition and cell death induced by D40 siRNA. The growth of PC-3M-luc tumors transplanted into nude mice was inhibited by the systemic administration of D40 siRNA and the atelocollagen complex. Furthermore, D40 siRNA significantly inhibited growth and induced apoptotic cell death in a cell line with a gain-of-function (GOF) mutation in p53, MDA-MB231-luc, and also inhibited the growth of tumors transplanted into mice when administered as a D40 siRNA/atelocollagen complex. These results indicated that D40 siRNA induced apoptotic cell death in human cancer cell lines, and inhibited their growth in vitro and in vivo regardless of p53 status. Therefore, D40 siRNA is a potential candidate anti-cancer reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri N Urata
- Division of Cancer Gene Regulation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Takeshita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Functional Analysis, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Cancer Gene Regulation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Takimoto
- Division of Cancer Gene Regulation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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49
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p53 mediates loss of hematopoietic stem cell function and lymphopenia in Mysm1 deficiency. Blood 2015; 125:2344-8. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-574111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Developmental defects and impairment in lymphopoiesis in Mysm1-knockout mice are the result of p53 activation. Loss of hematopoietic stem cell function and bone marrow failure in Mysm1-knockout mice are the result of p53 activation.
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50
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Marthandan S, Priebe S, Hemmerich P, Klement K, Diekmann S. Long-term quiescent fibroblast cells transit into senescence. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115597. [PMID: 25531649 PMCID: PMC4274099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is described to be a consequence of telomere erosion during the replicative life span of primary human cells. Quiescence should therefore not contribute to cellular aging but rather extend lifespan. Here we tested this hypothesis and demonstrate that cultured long-term quiescent human fibroblasts transit into senescence due to similar cellular mechanisms with similar dynamics and with a similar maximum life span as proliferating controls, even under physiological oxygen conditions. Both, long-term quiescent and senescent fibroblasts almost completely fail to undergo apoptosis. The transition of long-term quiescent fibroblasts into senescence is also independent of HES1 which protects short-term quiescent cells from becoming senescent. Most significantly, DNA damage accumulates during senescence as well as during long-term quiescence at physiological oxygen levels. We suggest that telomere-independent, potentially maintenance driven gradual induction of cellular senescence during quiescence is a counterbalance to tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Marthandan
- Leibniz-Institute for Age Research- Fritz Lipmann Institute, JenAge (Jena Centre for Systems Biology of Aging), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena, Germany
| | - Steffen Priebe
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute e.V. (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hemmerich
- Leibniz-Institute for Age Research- Fritz Lipmann Institute, JenAge (Jena Centre for Systems Biology of Aging), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena, Germany
| | - Karolin Klement
- Leibniz-Institute for Age Research- Fritz Lipmann Institute, JenAge (Jena Centre for Systems Biology of Aging), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Diekmann
- Leibniz-Institute for Age Research- Fritz Lipmann Institute, JenAge (Jena Centre for Systems Biology of Aging), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
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