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Park S, Min E, Kim S, Kim S, Na K, Park CH, Jung Y, Oh B, Hong I. Exploring Memory Function Beyond Immune Cells: ANGPTL4-Mediated Memory Functions in Tissue Resident Stem Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307545. [PMID: 38666393 PMCID: PMC11267307 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Adapted immune cells are known to develop memory functions that increase resistance to subsequent infections after initial pathogen exposure, however, it is unclear whether non-immune cells, like tissue-resident stem cells, have similar memory functions. Here, it is found that tissue-resident stem cells crucial for tissue regeneration show diminished adverse effects on diverse stem cell functions against successive exposure to foreign antigen (β-glucan) to maintain tissue homeostasis and stability both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that endometrial stem cells may possess a robust memory function, in contrast, fully differentiated cells like fibroblasts and vesicular cells do not show these memory mechanisms upon consecutive antigen exposure. Moreover, the pivotal role of Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in regulating the memory functions of endometrial stem cells is identified through specific shRNA knockdown in vitro and knockout mice in vivo experiments. ANGPTL4 is associated with the alteration of diverse stem cell functions and epigenetic modifications, notably through histone H3 methylation changes and two pathways (i.e., PI3K/Akt and FAK/ERK1/2 signaling) upon consecutive antigen exposure. These findings imply the existence of inherent self-defense mechanisms through which local stem cells can adapt and protect themselves from recurrent antigenic challenges, ultimately mitigating adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se‐Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHSTGachon UniversityIncheon21999Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of MedicineGachon UniversityIncheon406–840Republic of Korea
| | - Eun‐kyung Min
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHSTGachon UniversityIncheon21999Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of MedicineGachon UniversityIncheon406–840Republic of Korea
| | - Soo‐Rim Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHSTGachon UniversityIncheon21999Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of MedicineGachon UniversityIncheon406–840Republic of Korea
| | - Suk‐Kyung Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHSTGachon UniversityIncheon21999Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of MedicineGachon UniversityIncheon406–840Republic of Korea
| | - Kun‐Hee Na
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHSTGachon UniversityIncheon21999Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of MedicineGachon UniversityIncheon21999Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart HospitalHallym University College of MedicineChuncheon24201Republic of Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of MedicineGachon UniversityIncheon21999Republic of Korea
| | - Byung‐Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheon21999Republic of Korea
| | - In‐Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHSTGachon UniversityIncheon21999Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of MedicineGachon UniversityIncheon406–840Republic of Korea
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He L, Xu J, Huang P, Bai Y, Chen H, Xu X, Hu Y, Liu J, Zhang H. miR-9-5p and miR-221-3p Promote Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Alleviate Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Enhancing Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Engraftment and Inhibiting Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7235. [PMID: 39000343 PMCID: PMC11241704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great potential for the treatment of liver injuries, and the therapeutic efficacy greatly depends on their homing to the site of injury. In the present study, we detected significant upregulation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the serum and liver in mice with acute or chronic liver injury. In vitro study revealed that upregulation of miR-9-5p or miR-221-3p promoted the migration of human MSCs (hMSCs) toward HGF. Moreover, overexpression of miR-9-5p or miR-221-3p promoted hMSC homing to the injured liver and resulted in significantly higher engraftment upon peripheral infusion. hMSCs reduced hepatic necrosis and inflammatory infiltration but showed little effect on extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. By contrast, hMSCs overexpressing miR-9-5p or miR-221-3p resulted in not only less centrilobular necrosis and venous congestion but also a significant reduction of ECM deposition, leading to obvious improvement of hepatocyte morphology and alleviation of fibrosis around central vein and portal triads. Further studies showed that hMSCs inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) but could not decrease the expression of TIMP-1 upon acute injury and the expression of MCP-1 and TIMP-1 upon chronic injury, while hMSCs overexpressing miR-9-5p or miR-221-3p led to further inactivation of HSCs and downregulation of all three fibrogenic and proinflammatory factors TGF-β, MCP-1, and TIMP-1 upon both acute and chronic injuries. Overexpression of miR-9-5p or miR-221-3p significantly downregulated the expression of α-SMA and Col-1α1 in activated human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2, suggesting that miR-9-5p and miR-221-3p may partially contribute to the alleviation of liver injury by preventing HSC activation and collagen expression, shedding light on improving the therapeutic efficacy of hMSCs via microRNA modification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (L.H.); (J.X.)
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Tang H, Zhang X, Hao X, Dou H, Zou C, Zhou Y, Li B, Yue H, Wang D, Wang Y, Yang C, Fu J. Hepatocyte growth factor-modified hair follicle stem cells ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:25. [PMID: 36782269 PMCID: PMC9926795 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are considered as a promising cell type in the stem cell transplantation treatment of neurological diseases because of their rich sources, easy access, and the same ectoderm source as the nervous system. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that shows neuroprotective function in ischemic stroke. Here we assessed the therapeutic effects of HFSCs on ischemic stroke injury and the synthetic effect of HGF along with HFSCs. METHODS Rat HFSCs were intravenously transplanted into a middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model. Neurological scoring and TTC staining were performed to assess the benefits of HFSC transplantation. Inflammatory cytokines, blood-brain barrier integrity and angiogenesis within penumbra were estimated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The differentiation of HFSCs was detected by immunofluorescence method 2 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS HFSC transplantation could significantly inhibit the activation of microglia, improve the integrity of blood-brain barrier and reduce brain edema. Moreover, the number of surviving neurons and microvessels density in the penumbra were upregulated by HFSC transplantation, leading to better neurological score. The combination of HFSCs and HGF could significantly improve the therapeutic benefit. CONCLUSION Our results indicate for the first time that HGF modified HFSCs can reduce I/R injury and promote the neurological recovery by inhibiting inflammatory response, protecting blood-brain barrier and promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaojun Hao
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Haitong Dou
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Chendan Zou
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yinglian Zhou
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Bing Li
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Hui Yue
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Duo Wang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yifei Wang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
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A novel role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in various regeneration-related functions of endometrial stem cells. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1524-1535. [PMID: 36117220 PMCID: PMC9534881 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes the production and secretion of estrogen, which in turn stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. Therefore, consecutive FSH treatment to induce ovarian hyperstimulation (superovulation) is still considered the most cost-effective option for the majority of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). However, a relatively high cancellation rate and subsequent low pregnancy outcomes (approximately 15%) are the most challenging aspects of this FSH-based ART. Currently, the main cause for this low implantation rate of FSH-based ART has not yet been revealed. Therefore, we hypothesized that these high cancellation rates with FSH-based superovulation protocols might be associated with the harmful effects of consecutive FSH treatment. Importantly, several recent studies have revealed that tissue-resident stem cell deficiency can significantly reduce cyclic endometrial regeneration and subsequently decrease the pregnancy outcome. In this context, we investigated whether FSH treatment could directly inhibit endometrial stem cell functions and consequently suppress endometrial regeneration. Consistent with our hypothesis, our results revealed for the first time that FSH could inhibit various regeneration-associated functions of endometrial stem cells, such as self-renewal, migration, and multilineage differentiation capacities, via the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is commonly administered to treat female infertility by stimulating the ovaries, but FSH treatment can also inhibit key cellular and physiological processes required for successful pregnancy. In the light of pregnancy outcomes as low as 15 percent after FSH-based assisted reproduction technologies, In-Sun Hong at Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea, and colleagues investigated the effects of FSH. Working with cultured human stem cells from the lining of the uterus, they found that FSH could inhibit multiple cellular regenerative functions that normally maintain this lining. They also identified a specific molecular signaling pathway involved in mediating these inhibitory effects. Studies in mice supported the cell culture results. The findings could help improve infertility treatment strategies by guiding research into methods to alleviate the unwanted effects of FSH.
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Derkus B, Isik M, Eylem CC, Ergin I, Camci CB, Bilgin S, Elbuken C, Arslan YE, Akkulak M, Adali O, Kiran F, Okesola BO, Nemutlu E, Emregul E. Xenogenic Neural Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Nanovesicles Modulate Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate and Reconstruct Metabolomic Structure. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101317. [PMID: 35347890 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nanovesicles, particularly exosomes, can deliver their diverse bioactive biomolecular content, including miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, thus providing a context for investigating the capability of exosomes to induce stem cells toward lineage-specific cells and tissue regeneration. In this study, it is demonstrated that rat subventricular zone neural stem cell-derived exosomes (rSVZ-NSCExo) can control neural-lineage specification of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Microarray analysis shows that the miRNA content of rSVZ-NSCExo is a faithful representation of rSVZ tissue. Through immunocytochemistry, gene expression, and multi-omics analyses, the capability to use rSVZ-NSCExo to induce hMSCs into a neuroglial or neural stem cell phenotype and genotype in a temporal and dose-dependent manner via multiple signaling pathways is demonstrated. The current study presents a new and innovative strategy to modulate hMSCs fate by harnessing the molecular content of exosomes, thus suggesting future opportunities for rSVZ-NSCExo in nerve tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Derkus
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey.,Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Melis Isik
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Cemil Can Eylem
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06530, Turkey
| | - Irem Ergin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey
| | - Can Berk Camci
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Sila Bilgin
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Caglar Elbuken
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Yavuz Emre Arslan
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17100, Turkey
| | - Merve Akkulak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Orhan Adali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Fadime Kiran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Babatunde O Okesola
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06530, Turkey.,Bioanalytic and Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06530, Turkey
| | - Emel Emregul
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
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Wang XH, Tang XC, Li X, Qin JZ, Zhong WT, Wu P, Zhang F, Shen YX, Dai TT. Implantation of nanofibrous silk scaffolds seeded with bone marrow stromal cells promotes spinal cord regeneration (6686 words). ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:699-708. [PMID: 34882059 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.2013250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common pathology often resulting in permanent loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function. Numerous studies in which stem cells have been transplanted in biomaterial scaffolds into animals have demonstrated their considerable potential for recovery from SCI. In the present study, a three-dimensional porous silk fibroin (SF) scaffold with a mean pore size of approximately 383 μm and nanofibrous structure was fabricated, the silk scaffold enabling the enhanced attachment and proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Investigation of its therapeutic potential was conducted by implantation of the nanofibrous SF scaffold seeded with BMSCs into a transected spinal cord model. Recovery of the damaged spinal cord was significantly improved after 2 months, compared with a non-nanofibrous scaffold, in combination with decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and improved axonal regeneration at the site of injury. Furthermore, elevated Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores indicated greatly improved hindlimb movement. Together, these results demonstrate that transplantation of neural scaffolds consisting of nanofibrous SF and BMSCs is an attractive strategy for the promotion of functional recovery following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an Fourth People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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Noncanonical functions of glucocorticoids: A novel role for glucocorticoids in performing multiple beneficial functions in endometrial stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:612. [PMID: 34120144 PMCID: PMC8197759 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress has a negative impact on many fertility-related functions; thus, the recent decline in female fertility seems to be at least partially associated with increased stress. The secretion of glucocorticoids is a typical endocrine response to chronic stress and indirectly reduces uterine receptivity through the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. However, in addition to its well-known canonical role, the direct effects of chronic stress-induced glucocorticoids on various uterine functions and their underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and have not yet been revealed. Recent studies have found that resident stem cell deficiency is responsible for the limited regenerative potential of the endometrium (the innermost lining of the uterine cavity) during each menstrual cycle, which subsequently increases infertility rates. In this context, we hypothesized that stress-induced glucocorticoids directly damage endometrial stem cells and consequently negatively affect endometrial reconstruction, which is important for uterine receptivity. In addition to its well-known canonical roles, we identified for the first time that cortisol, the most abundant and potent glucocorticoid in humans, directly suppresses the multiple beneficial functions (self-renewal, transdifferentiation, and migratory potential) of human endometrial stem cells through its functional receptor, glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Glucocorticoids inhibit well-known survival signals, such as the PI3K/Akt and FAK/ERK1/2 pathways. More importantly, we also found that immobilization of stress-induced glucocorticoids suppresses the various beneficial functions of tissue resident stem cells in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the direct effects of glucocorticoids on the regenerative capacity of endometrial stem cells, and the findings will facilitate the development of more promising therapeutic approaches to increase female fertility.
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Desole C, Gallo S, Vitacolonna A, Montarolo F, Bertolotto A, Vivien D, Comoglio P, Crepaldi T. HGF and MET: From Brain Development to Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683609. [PMID: 34179015 PMCID: PMC8220160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor, encoded by the MET cellular proto-oncogene, are expressed in the nervous system from pre-natal development to adult life, where they are involved in neuronal growth and survival. In this review, we highlight, beyond the neurotrophic action, novel roles of HGF-MET in synaptogenesis during post-natal brain development and the connection between deregulation of MET expression and developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). On the pharmacology side, HGF-induced MET activation exerts beneficial neuroprotective effects also in adulthood, specifically in neurodegenerative disease, and in preclinical models of cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injuries, and neurological pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). HGF is a key factor preventing neuronal death and promoting survival through pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that HGF acts on neural stem cells to enhance neuroregeneration. The possible therapeutic application of HGF and HGF mimetics for the treatment of neurological disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Desole
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Gallo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Annapia Vitacolonna
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesca Montarolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology, CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Bertolotto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology, CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM U1237, University of Caen, Gyp Cyceron, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Paolo Comoglio
- IFOM, FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Crepaldi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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9
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MicroRNA124 and microRNA21-5p regulate migration, proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226597. [PMID: 33026076 PMCID: PMC7584812 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can be a useful source of cells for the treatment of many diseases, including neurologic diseases. The curative effect of MSCs relies mostly on cell’s capacity of migration, proliferation and differentiation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles on regulating various cell behaviors. Here, we report that miRNA-124 (miR124) and miRNA-21-5p (miR21-5p) display different regulatory roles on migration, proliferation and neuron differentiation of MSCs. MiR124 was shown greatly promoting MSCs migration and neuronal differentiation. MiR21-5p could significantly enhance the proliferation and neuronal differentiation ability of MSCs. MiR124 and miR21-5p synergistically promote differentiation of MSCs into neurons. Collectively, miR124 and miR21-5p can functionally regulate cell migration, proliferation and neuronal differentiation of MSCs. Therefore, miR124 and miR21-5p may be promising tools to improve transplantation efficiency for neural injury.
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising source of cell-based therapies for treatment of a wide variety of injuries and diseases. Their tropism and migration to the damaged sites, which are elicited by cytokines secreted from tissues around pathology, are the prerequisite for tissue repair and regeneration. Better understanding of the elicited-migration of MSCs and discovering conditions that elevate their migration ability, will help to increase their homing to pathologies and improve therapeutic efficacy. It is increasingly recognized that microRNAs are important regulators of cell migration. Here we summarize current understanding of the microRNA-regulated migration of MSCs.
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11
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Park SR, Kim SR, Im JB, Lim S, Hong IS. Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase, a Novel Damage-Induced Cytokine, Significantly Increases the Therapeutic Effects of Endometrial Stem Cells. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2458-2472. [PMID: 32592690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major challenges of most adult stem cell-based therapies are their weak therapeutic effects caused by the loss of multilineage differentiation capacity and homing potential. Recently, many researchers have attempted to identify novel stimulating factors that can fundamentally increase the differentiation capacity and homing potential of various types of adult stem cells. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed enzyme that catalyzes the first step of protein synthesis. In addition to this canonical function, we found for the first time that WRS is actively released from the site of injury in response to various damage signals both in vitro and in vivo and then acts as a potent nonenzymatic cytokine that promotes the self-renewal, migratory, and differentiation capacities of endometrial stem cells to facilitate the repair of damaged tissues. Furthermore, we also found that WRS, through its functional receptor cadherin-6 (CDH-6), activates major prosurvival signaling pathways, such as Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling. Our current study provides novel and unique insights into approaches that can significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of human endometrial stem cells in various clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Rim Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Been Im
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyi Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Brązert M, Kranc W, Celichowski P, Jankowski M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Pawelczyk L, Bruska M, Zabel M, Nowicki M, Kempisty B. Expression of genes involved in neurogenesis, and neuronal precursor cell proliferation and development: Novel pathways of human ovarian granulosa cell differentiation and transdifferentiation capability in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1749-1760. [PMID: 32319615 PMCID: PMC7057781 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of neural tissue formation is associated primarily with the course of neurogenesis during embryonic life. The source of neural-like cells is stem cells, which, under the influence of appropriate differentiating factors, may differentiate/transdifferentiate towards a neural-like lineage. The present study suggested that, under long-term in vitro culture conditions, human ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), obtained from granulosa-rich follicular fluid, acquired new properties and expressed genes characteristic of the ontological groups ‘neurogenesis’ (GO:0022008), ‘neuronal precursor cell proliferation’ (GO:0061351) and ‘nervous system development’ (GO:0007399), which are closely related to the formation of neurons. The present study collected GCs from 20 women referred for the procedure of in vitro fertilization. Cells were maintained in long-term in vitro culture for 30 days, and RNA was isolated after 1, 7, 15 and 30 days of culture. The expression profile of individual genes was determined using the Affymetrix microarray method. The 131 genes with the highest expression change in relation to day 1 of culture were then selected; the 10 most affected genes found to be primarily involved in nerve cell formation processes were chosen for consideration in this study: CLDN11, OXTR, DFNA5, ATP8B1, ITGA3, CD9, FRY, NANOS1, CRIM1 and NTN4. The results of the present study revealed that these genes may be considered potential markers of the uninduced differentiation potential of GCs. In addition, it was suggested that GCs may be used to develop a cell line showing neuronal characteristics after 30 days of cultivation. In addition, due to their potential, these cells could possibly be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, not only in the form of ‘cultured neurons’ but also as producers of factors involved in the regeneration of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Brązert
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑781 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Pawelczyk
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bruska
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, 50‑368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑781 Poznań, Poland
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13
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Park SR, Kim SR, Park CH, Lim S, Ha SY, Hong IS, Lee HY. Sonic Hedgehog, a Novel Endogenous Damage Signal, Activates Multiple Beneficial Functions of Human Endometrial Stem Cells. Mol Ther 2019; 28:452-465. [PMID: 31866117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Local endometrial stem cells play an important role in regulating endometrial thickness, which is an essential factor for successful embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes. Importantly, defects in endometrial stem cell function can be responsible for thin endometrium and subsequent recurrent pregnancy losses. Therefore, many researchers have directed their efforts toward finding a novel stimulatory factor that can enhance the regenerative capacity of endometrial stem cells. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is a morphogen that plays a key role in regulating pattern formation throughout embryonic limb development. In addition to this canonical function, we identified for the first time that SHH is actively secreted as a stem cell-activating factor in response to tissue injury and subsequently stimulates tissue regeneration by promoting various beneficial functions of endometrial stem cells. Our results also showed that SHH exerts stimulatory effects on endometrial stem cells via the FAK/ERK1/2 and/or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways. More importantly, we also observed that endometrial stem cells stimulated with SHH showed markedly enhanced differentiation and migratory capacities and subsequent in vivo therapeutic effects in an endometrial ablation animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Rim Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Soyi Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Ha
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367-700, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Multipotent Neurotrophic Effects of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236078. [PMID: 31810304 PMCID: PMC6928986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in neural tissue loss and so far untreatable functional impairment. In addition, at the initial injury site, inflammation induces secondary damage, and glial scar formation occurs to limit inflammation-mediated tissue damage. Consequently, it obstructs neural regeneration. Many studies have been conducted in the field of SCI; however, no satisfactory treatment has been established to date. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is one of the neurotrophic growth factors and has been listed as a candidate medicine for SCI treatment. The highlighted effects of HGF on neural regeneration are associated with its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. Moreover, HGF exerts positive effects on transplanted stem cell differentiation into neurons. This paper reviews the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of HGF in SCI recovery, and introduces recent advances in the clinical applications of HGF therapy.
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Fu X, Liu G, Halim A, Ju Y, Luo Q, Song AG. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration and Tissue Repair. Cells 2019; 8:E784. [PMID: 31357692 PMCID: PMC6721499 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multilineage cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cell types, which play key roles in tissue healing and regenerative medicine. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are the most frequently used stem cells in cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, it is prerequisite for BMSCs to mobilize from bone marrow and migrate into injured tissues during the healing process, through peripheral circulation. The migration of BMSCs is regulated by mechanical and chemical factors in this trafficking process. In this paper, we review the effects of several main regulatory factors on BMSC migration and its underlying mechanism; discuss two critical roles of BMSCs-namely, directed differentiation and the paracrine function-in tissue repair; and provide insight into the relationship between BMSC migration and tissue repair, which may provide a better guide for clinical applications in tissue repair through the efficient regulation of BMSC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Fu
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ge Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Alexander Halim
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Qing Luo
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - And Guanbin Song
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
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16
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Park SR, Cho A, Kim JW, Lee HY, Hong IS. A Novel Endogenous Damage Signal, CSF-2, Activates Multiple Beneficial Functions of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1087-1100. [PMID: 30962162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenges of current mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapeutics are their low differentiation potential into specialized cell types and their homing ability to sites of injury. Therefore, many researchers have directed their efforts toward finding a novel stimulatory factor that can significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF-2) is previously known as a hematopoietic growth factor involved in the differentiation of various myeloid cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition to this canonical hematopoietic function, we identified for the first time that CSF-2 is actively secreted by stem cells, in response to various types of injuries, as an endogenous damage signal that promotes the therapeutic effects of MSCs by enhancing their multi-lineage differentiation and migratory capacities, possibly through its receptor CD116. Our results also revealed that CSF-2 exerts its stimulatory effects on MSCs via PI3K/Akt- and/or FAK/ERK1/2-signaling pathways. More importantly, we also found that MSCs stimulated with CSF-2 show markedly enhanced differentiation and migratory capacities and subsequent in vivo therapeutic effects in an endometrial ablation animal model. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence for a novel non-hematopoietic function of CSF-2 in promoting multiple beneficial functions of MSCs via a non-canonical mechanism as an endogenous damage signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wan Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367-700, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Double-edged sword of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH): A novel role of GnRH in the multiple beneficial functions of endometrial stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:828. [PMID: 30069003 PMCID: PMC6070560 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the synthesis and release of gonadotropins, which induce estrogen production and subsequent ovulation. Therefore, long-term GnRH exposure to regulate ovarian hyperstimulation is recognized as the gold standard for most in vitro fertilization (IVF) strategies. However, one of the most disappointing aspects of current IVF technology is relatively low rate (between 35 and 50%) of positive pregnancy outcomes, and the major reason for this high cancellation rate has not yet been revealed. Previous studies have demonstrated that resident stem cell deficiency limits the cyclic regenerative capacity of the endometrium and subsequently increases pregnancy failure rates. Therefore, we hypothesized that long-term GnRH exposure directly damages endometrial stem cells and consequently negatively affects pregnancy outcomes in GnRH-based IVF. In addition to their well-known roles in regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, GnRH and its receptors also localize in the extra-hypothalamic endometrium, suggesting a possible non-canonical role in endometrial stem cells. Consistent with our hypothesis, we show for the first time that GnRH suppresses the multiple beneficial functions of endometrial stem cells via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to focus on the direct effects of GnRH on the regenerative potential of stem cells, and the findings will facilitate the development of more promising IVF strategies.
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18
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Park SR, Kim HJ, Yang SR, Park CH, Lee HY, Hong IS. A novel endogenous damage signal, glycyl tRNA synthetase, activates multiple beneficial functions of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:2023-2036. [PMID: 29666468 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During tissue repair, the injury site releases various bioactive molecules as damage signals to actively recruit stem cells to the damaged region. Despite convincing evidence that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can sense damage signals and promote repair processes, the identity of these signals and how these signals regulate stem cell-mediated tissue repair remain unknown. Glycyl tRNA synthetase (GRS) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that catalyzes the first step of protein synthesis in all organisms. In addition to this canonical function, we identified for the first time that GRS is released by damaged tissues or cells in response to various injury signals and may function as a damage signal that activates the proliferative, differentiation, and migratory potential of MSCs, possibly through its identified receptor, cadherin-6 (CDH-6). Binding between GRS and CDH-6 activates survival signals, such as those of the PI3K/Akt and/or FAK/ERK1/2 pathways. More importantly, we also found that MSCs stimulated with GRS show significantly improved homing and differentiation potential and subsequent in vivo therapeutic effects, in a liver fibrosis animal model. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence for a novel function of GRS in enhancing the multiple beneficial functions of stem cells via a non-canonical mechanism as a damage signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ran Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, 367-700, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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19
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George S, Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Current and Future Trends in Adipose Stem Cell Differentiation into Neuroglia. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:230-240. [PMID: 29570423 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological diseases and disorders pose a challenge for treatment and rehabilitation due to the limited capacity of the nervous system to repair itself. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are more pliable than any adult stem cells and are capable of differentiating into non-mesodermal tissues, including neurons. Transdifferentiating ASCs to specific neuronal lineage cells enables us to deliver the right type of cells required for a replacement therapy into the nervous system. METHODS Several methodologies are being explored and tested to differentiate ASCs to functional neurons and glia with cellular factors and chemical compounds. However, none of these processes and prototypes has been wholly successful in changing the cellular structure and functional status of ASCs to become identical to neuroglial cells. In addition, successful integration and functional competence of these cells for use in clinical applications remain problematic. Photobiomodulation or low-level laser irradiation has been successfully applied to not only improve ASC viability and proliferation but has also shown promise as a possible enhancer of ASC differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Studies have shown that photobiomodulation improves the use of stem cell transplantation for neurological applications. This review investigates current neuro-differentiation inducers and suitable methodologies, including photobiomodulation, utilizing ASCs for induction of differentiation into neuronal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan George
- 1 Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- 2 Wellman Centre for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- 1 Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, South Africa
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20
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MiR-375 inhibits the hepatocyte growth factor-elicited migration of mesenchymal stem cells by downregulating Akt signaling. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:99-114. [PMID: 29322249 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for their use in cell-based therapies. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs are important regulators of MSC migration. Here, we report that the expression of miR-375 was downregulated in MSCs treated with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which strongly stimulates the migration of these cells. Overexpression of miR-375 decreased the transfilter migration and the migration velocity of MSCs triggered by HGF. In our efforts to determine the mechanism by which miR-375 affects MSC migration, we found that miR-375 significantly inhibited the activation of Akt by downregulating its phosphorylation at T308 and S473, but had no effect on the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Further, we showed that 3'phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), an upstream kinase necessary for full activation of Akt, was negatively regulated by miR-375 at the protein level. Moreover, miR-375 suppressed the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, two important regulators of focal adhesion (FA) assembly and turnover, and decreased the number of FAs at cell periphery. Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR-375 inhibits HGF-elicited migration of MSCs through downregulating the expression of PDK1 and suppressing the activation of Akt, as well as influencing the tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin and FA periphery distribution.
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21
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Regulation of focal adhesion turnover in SDF-1α-stimulated migration of mesenchymal stem cells in neural differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10013. [PMID: 28855566 PMCID: PMC5577153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed migration of the transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the lesion sites plays a pivotal role in the efficacy of cell-based therapy. Our previous study demonstrates that MSCs under varying neural differentiation states possess different migratory capacities in response to chemoattractants. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully addressed. Herein, we show that the assembly and turnover of focal adhesions, the phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin, and the reorganisation of F-actin in MSCs are closely related to their differentiation states in response to SDF-1α. Upon SDF-1α stimulation, FAs turnover more rapidly with the most obvious reduction in the existing time of FAs in MSCs of 24-h preinduction that exhibit the most effective migration towards SDF-1α. Further, we confirm that PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways participate in the regulation of SDF-1α-induced cell migration and FA assembly, and moreover, that the regulatory effects vary greatly depending on the differentiation states. Collectively, these results demonstrate that FA assembly and turnover, which is accompanied with F-actin reorganisation in response to SDF-1α, correlates closely with the differentiation states of MSCs, which might contribute to the different chemotactic responses of these cells, and thus help develop new strategy to improve the efficacy of MSCs-based therapy.
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents one of the most complicated and heterogeneous pathological processes of central nervous system (CNS) impairments, which is still beyond functional regeneration. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to promote the repair of the injured spinal cord tissues in animal models, and therefore, there is much interest in the clinical use of these cells. However, many questions which are essential to improve the therapy effects remain unanswered. For instance, the functional roles and related molecular regulatory mechanisms of MSCs in vivo are not yet completely determined. It is important for transplanted cells to migrate into the injured tissue, to survive and undergo neural differentiation, or to play neural protection roles by various mechanisms after SCI. In this review, we will focus on some of the recent knowledge about the biological behavior and function of MSCs in SCI. Meanwhile, we highlight the function of biomaterials to direct the behavior of MSCs based on our series of work on silk fibroin biomaterials and attempt to emphasize combinational strategies such as tissue engineering for functional improvement of SCI.
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Li X, He L, Yue Q, Lu J, Kang N, Xu X, Wang H, Zhang H. MiR-9-5p promotes MSC migration by activating β-catenin signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C80-C93. [PMID: 28424168 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00232.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to treat various tissue damages, but the very limited number of cells that migrate to the damaged region strongly restricts their therapeutic applications. Full understanding of mechanisms regulating MSC migration will help to improve their migration ability and therapeutic effects. Increasing evidence shows that microRNAs play important roles in the regulation of MSC migration. In the present study, we reported that miR-9-5p was upregulated in hepatocyte growth factor -treated MSCs and in MSCs with high migration ability. Overexpression of miR-9-5p promoted MSC migration, whereas inhibition of endogenous miR-9-5p decreased MSC migration. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we screened the target genes of miR-9-5p and report for the first time that CK1α and GSK3β, two inhibitors of β-catenin signaling pathway, were direct targets of miR-9-5p in MSCs and that overexpression of miR-9-5p upregulated β-catenin signaling pathway. In line with these data, inhibition of β-catenin signaling pathway by FH535 decreased the miR-9-5p-promoted migration of MSCs, while activation of β-catenin signaling pathway by LiCl rescued the impaired migration of MSCs triggered by miR-9-5p inhibitor. Furthermore, the formation and distribution of focal adhesions as well as the reorganization of F-actin were affected by the expression of miR-9-5p. Collectively, these results demonstrate that miR-9-5p promotes MSC migration by upregulating β-catenin signaling pathway, shedding light on the optimization of MSCs for cell replacement therapy through manipulating the expression level of miR-9-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Lihong He
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Junhou Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Naixin Kang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
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24
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Yue Q, Zhang Y, Li X, He L, Hu Y, Wang X, Xu X, Shen Y, Zhang H. MiR-124 suppresses the chemotactic migration of rat mesenchymal stem cells toward HGF by downregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:342-53. [PMID: 27377850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit the potential to repair a wide variety of injured adult tissues. The migration capability of MSCs is an important determinant of the efficiency of MSC transplant therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly implicated in regulating the migration of MSCs. Herein, we show that the expression of miR-124 was downregulated in rat MSCs (rMSCs) treated with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Overexpression of miR-124 significantly reduced the chemotactic migration of rMSCs toward HGF, while inhibition of endogenous miR-124 promoted the chemotactic migration. A further study revealed that miR-124 directly targeted FZD4 and LRP6, which encode a receptor and co-receptor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, respectively, thus reducing the activity of this signaling. Consistently, activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by LiCl and ΔN89β-catenin rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-124 on the chemotactic migration of rMSCs toward HGF, while inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by FH535 abrogated the enhanced chemotactic response achieved by the miR-124 inhibitor. Collectively, our study demonstrates that miR-124 downregulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting FZD4 and LRP6 and thus suppresses the chemotactic migration of rMSCs toward HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lihong He
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ya'nan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xianyao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a key factor in the homing of transplanted human MSCs to sites of spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27724. [PMID: 27296555 PMCID: PMC4906351 DOI: 10.1038/srep27724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to treat many diseases, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Treatment relies mostly on the precise navigation of cells to the injury site for rebuilding the damaged spinal cord. However, the key factors guiding MSCs to the epicenter of SCI remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neural peptide synthesized in spinal cord, can dramatically aid the homing of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) in spinal cord-transected SCI rats. First, HUMSCs exhibited chemotactic responses in vitro to CGRP. By time-lapse video analysis, increased chemotactic index (CMI), forward migration index (FMI) and speed contributed to this observed migration. Then, through enzyme immunoassay, higher CGRP concentrations at the lesion site were observed after injury. The release of CGRP directed HUMSCs to the injury site, which was suppressed by CGRP 8-37, a CGRP antagonist. We also verified that the PI3K/Akt and p38MAPK signaling pathways played a critical role in the CGRP-induced chemotactic migration of HUMSCs. Collectively, our data reveal that CGRP is a key chemokine that helps HUMSCs migrate to the lesion site and thereby can be used as a model molecule to study MSCs homing after SCI.
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Zhu A, Kang N, He L, Li X, Xu X, Zhang H. MiR-221 and miR-26b Regulate Chemotactic Migration of MSCs Toward HGF Through Activation of Akt and FAK. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1370-83. [PMID: 26538296 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemotactic migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is fundamental for their use in cell-based therapies, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate their directed migration. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the regulation of a large variety of cellular processes. However, their roles in regulating the responses of MSCs to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) remain elusive. Here, we found that microRNA-221 (miR-221) and microRNA-26b (miR-26b) were upregulated in MSCs subjected to HGF. Overexpression of miR-221 or miR-26b enhanced MSC migration through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) was identified as a potential target of miR-221 and miR-26b; overexpression of miR-221 or miR-26b decreased PTEN expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of miR-221 or miR-26b in MSCs increased the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a downstream effector of PTEN, which regulates cell migration through assembly and distribution of focal adhesions (FAs), and more dot-like FAs were localized at the periphery of these cells. Altering miR-221 or miR-26b expression influenced the directed migration of MSCs toward HGF. Inhibition of miR-221 or miR-26b suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and FAK and upregulated PTEN expression, which was partly restored by HGF treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate that miR-221 and miR-26b participate in regulating the chemotactic response of MSCs toward HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisi Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Naixin Kang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lihong He
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xianyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
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27
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Wang H, Wang X, Qu J, Yue Q, Hu Y, Zhang H. VEGF Enhances the Migration of MSCs in Neural Differentiation by Regulating Focal Adhesion Turnover. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2728-42. [PMID: 25820249 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise in neural regeneration, due to their intrinsic neuronal potential and migratory tropism to damaged nervous tissues. However, the chemotactic signals mediating the migration of MSCs remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory roles for focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Rac1 in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated migration of MSCs in neural differentiation. We found that MSCs in various differentiation states show significant different chemotactic responses to VEGF and cells in 24-h preinduction state possess the highest migration speed and efficiency. FAK, as the downstream signaling molecule, is involved in the VEGF-induced migration by regulating the assembly and distribution of focal adhesions (FAs) and reorganization of F-actin. The features of FAs and cytoskeletons and the ability of lamellipodia formation are closely related to the neural differentiation states of MSCs. VEGF promotes FA formation with an asymmetric distribution of FAs and induces the activation of Y397-FAK and Y31/118-paxillin of undifferentiated and 24-h preinduced MSCs in a time-dependent manner. Inhibition of FAK by PF-228 or expressing FAK-Y397F mutant impairs the dynamics of FAs in MSCs during VEGF-induced migration. Furthermore, Rac1 regulates FA formation in a FAK-dependent manner. Overexpression of constitutive activated mutants of Rac1 increases the number of FAs in undifferentiated and 24-h preinduced MSCs, while VEGF-induced increase of FA formation is decreased by inhibiting FAK by PF-228. Collectively, these results demonstrate that FAK and Rac1 signalings coordinately regulate the dynamics of FAs during VEGF-induced migration of MSCs in varying neural differentiation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingkai Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya'nan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Zeng W, Ju R, Mao M. Therapeutic potential of hepatocyte growth factor against cerebral ischemia (Review). Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:283-288. [PMID: 25574187 PMCID: PMC4280917 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective treatment for cerebral ischemia has not yet been established. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in cell and tissue regeneration, including in the central nervous system. Studies have demonstrated that an exogenous administration of HGF protects brain tissue from ischemic damage. In response to binding to the receptor c-Met, HGF activates the downstream signaling pathways (including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, Ras/MAPK and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways) which leads to various cellular responses involved in angiogenesis, glial scar formation, anti-apoptosis and neurogenesis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present understanding of the therapeutic potential of HGF in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zeng
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ju
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Meng Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Neural Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Influences Their Chemotactic Responses to Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:1047-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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30
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C-Met pathway promotes self-renewal and tumorigenecity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stem-like cell. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:633-9. [PMID: 24835851 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence indicates that a rare subpopulation of cancer cells, namely, cancer stem cells (CSCs), is the primary cause of tumorigenesis in some tumor types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-Met, are involved in tongue development and carcinogenesis of HNSCC. Here, we investigated whether activation of HGF/c-Met signaling influences the stem cell traits of HNSCC CSC. MATERIALS AND METHODS After HGF treatment, we assessed the sphere-forming capacity and stem cell marker expression in HNSCC stem-like cells compared with the respective control cells in vitro. In addition, we evaluated the effect of c-Met knockdown on the sphere-forming capacity, stem cell marker expression, and cisplatin chemosensitivity of HNSCC stem-like cells in vitro. Furthermore, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of c-Met knockdown on the capacity of HNSCC stem-like cells to initiate tumor growth in the orthotopic mouse model. RESULTS HGF treatment promoted the sphere-forming capacity of HNSCC stem-like cells and increased the expression of stem cell markers such as Oct4, Sox2, and CD44. Transcriptional levels of c-Met was increased in cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1 activity, a putative marker for HNSCC stem-like cells, compared to cells with low activity. In contrast, knockdown of c-Met attenuated the sphere-forming capacity and stem cell markers expression in HNSCC stem-like cells, and augmented cisplatin chemosensitivity by decreased side population cells and suppression of an ABCG2 transporter gene. Furthermore, knockdown of c-Met in HNSCC stem-like cells inhibits tumor formation of mice in a xenograft model and increases mice survival. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that inhibition of the c-Met pathway could serve as a potent therapeutic strategy to target HNSCC stem-like cells.
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Substrate-dependent gene regulation of self-assembled human MSC spheroids on chitosan membranes. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:10. [PMID: 24387160 PMCID: PMC4046657 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are generally regarded to have beneficial properties over MSCs in monolayer. Recent literatures have documented that MSCs can self-assemble into 3D spheroids with a greater capacity for differentiation into various cell types when grown on chitosan (CS), a biopolymer. The genomic modulation occurring in these MSC spheroids is thus of essential importance for understanding their uniqueness and therapeutic potentials. In this study, 3D spheroids self-assembled from human umbilical cord MSCs grown on CS membranes were analyzed by mRNA as well as microRNA microarrays, which helped identify the critical signaling events that may alter the cellular functions during the spheroid forming process. Results Genes screened from mRNA and microRNA cross-correlation analyses were further confirmed with the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Results revealed the regulation of a significant number of calcium-associated genes, which suggested the crucial role of calcium signaling in CS-derived MSC spheroids. In addition, many genes associated with the multilineage differentiation capacities and those associated with the antiinflammatory and antitumor properties of MSCs were upregulated. The genetic modulation was significantly more remarkable and endured longer for MSC spheroids derived on CS substrates compared to those derived on a non-adherent (polyvinyl alcohol) substrate. Conclusions Based on the study, the culture substrates used to prepare 3D MSC spheroids may predefine their properties through cell-substrate interaction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-10) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hepatocyte growth factor-loaded biomaterials for mesenchymal stem cell recruitment. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:892065. [PMID: 23861688 PMCID: PMC3703903 DOI: 10.1155/2013/892065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be readily harvested from bone marrow through aspiration. MSC are involved in tissue regeneration and repair, particularly in wound healing. Due to their high self-renewal capacity and excellent differentiation potential in vitro, MSC are ideally suited for regenerative medicine. The complex interactions of MSC with their environment and their influence on the molecular and functional levels are widely studied but not completely understood. MSC secrete, for example, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), whose concentration is enhanced in wounded areas and which is shown to act as a chemoattractant for MSC. We produced HGF-loaded biomaterials based on collagen and fibrin gels to develop a recruitment system for endogenous MSC to improve wound healing. Here, we report that HGF incorporated into collagen or fibrin gels leads to enhanced and directed MSC migration in vitro. HGF-loaded biomaterials might be potentially used as in vivo wound dressings to recruit endogenous MSC from tissue-specific niches towards the wounded area. This novel approach may help to reduce costly multistep procedures of cell isolation, in vitro culture, and transplantation usually used in tissue engineering.
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