1
|
Yang C, Jiang Y, Zhang K, Zhu X, Li J, Yu H, Chen J, Gu X, Gan Z, Yu Q. Photodynamic Therapy Derived Personalized Whole Cell Tumor Vaccine Prevents Postsurgery Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308456. [PMID: 38342675 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In order to avoid the time-consuming and laborious identification of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) during the traditional vaccine fabrication process, a versatile photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based method is developed to construct a whole-tumor antigen tumor vaccine (TV) from surgically resected tumor tissues for personalized immunotherapy. Mucoadhesive nanoparticles containing small-molecular photosensitizer are fabricated and directly co-incubated with suspended tumor cells obtained after cytoreduction surgery. After irradiation with a 405 nm laser, potent immunogenic cell death of cancer cells could be induced. Along with the release of TSAs, the as-prepared TV could activate safe and robust tumor-specific immune responses, leading to efficient suppression of postsurgery tumor recurrence and metastasis. The as-prepared TV cannot only be applied alone through various administration routes but also synergize with immunoadjuvant, chemotherapeutics, and immune checkpoint blockers to exert more potent immune responses. This work provides an alternative way to promote the clinical translation of PDT, which is generally restricted by the limited penetration of light. Moreover, the versatile strategy of vaccine fabrication also facilitates the clinical application of personalized whole-cell tumor vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yitong Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianqi Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haiwang Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhihua Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingsong Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Li D, Zhang X, Xia S, Qu Y, Ling X, Li Y, Kong X, Zhang L, Cui CP, Li D. A protein sequence-based deep transfer learning framework for identifying human proteome-wide deubiquitinase-substrate interactions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4519. [PMID: 38806474 PMCID: PMC11133436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination regulates a wide range of cellular processes. The degree of protein ubiquitination is determined by the delicate balance between ubiquitin ligase (E3)-mediated ubiquitination and deubiquitinase (DUB)-mediated deubiquitination. In comparison to the E3-substrate interactions, the DUB-substrate interactions (DSIs) remain insufficiently investigated. To address this challenge, we introduce a protein sequence-based ab initio method, TransDSI, which transfers proteome-scale evolutionary information to predict unknown DSIs despite inadequate training datasets. An explainable module is integrated to suggest the critical protein regions for DSIs while predicting DSIs. TransDSI outperforms multiple machine learning strategies against both cross-validation and independent test. Two predicted DUBs (USP11 and USP20) for FOXP3 are validated by "wet lab" experiments, along with two predicted substrates (AR and p53) for USP22. TransDSI provides new functional perspective on proteins by identifying regulatory DSIs, and offers clues for potential tumor drug target discovery and precision drug application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dianke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Simin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yingjie Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xinping Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiangren Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Li J, Qin X, Li S, Liang D. The effect of FOXP3 genetic polymorphisms on correlations with hepatitis B virus-hepatocellular carcinoma: A case-control study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23660. [PMID: 38173532 PMCID: PMC10761796 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) polymorphisms are correlated with the progress of some cancers, but the relationships between the FOXP3 polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk remain unclear. Method Genotypes were detected in156 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-HCC patients, 109 HBV-liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, 125 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, and 188 healthy controls. The FOXP3 rs3761547 and rs3761548 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the rs2232365 polymorphism was genotyped using PCR with sequence-specific primers. Results We did not obtain any significant results with the FOXP3 rs3761547, rs3761548, and rs2232365 polymorphisms in groups of patients compared to healthy controls (all p > 0.05), no matter the overall group or subgroup. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the FOXP3 polymorphisms at rs3761547, rs3761548, and rs2232365 were not related to HBV-HCC risk in the Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinwan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Medical Equipment Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang H, Liang X, Wu W, Yuan T, Chen Z, Wang L, Wu Z, Zhang T, Yang K, Wen K. FOXP3-regulated lncRNA NONHSAT136151 promotes colorectal cancer progression by disrupting QKI interaction with target mRNAs. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18068. [PMID: 38041531 PMCID: PMC10826441 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), has repeatedly been demonstrated. However, very few lncRNAs have been well annotated functionally. Our study identified a novel lncRNA upregulated in CRC, NONHSAT136151, which was correlated with clinical progression. In functional assays, NONHSAT136151 significantly enhanced CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, NONHSAT136151 interacted with RNA-binding protein (RBP) QKI (Quaking) to interfere with QKI binding to target mRNAs and regulate their expression. As well, FOXP3 may be causally related to the dysregulation of NONHSAT136151 in CRC cells through its transcriptional activity. In conclusion, our findings identified a novel lncRNA regulated by FOXP3 participates in CRC progression through interacting with QKI, indicating a novel lncRNA-RBP interaction mechanism is involved in CRC pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Handong Huang
- Soochow University Medical CollegeSuzhouJiangsuChina
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xiaoxiang Liang
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Weizheng Wu
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zhengquan Chen
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Kunming Wen
- Soochow University Medical CollegeSuzhouJiangsuChina
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jindra C, Hainisch EK, Brandt S. Immunotherapy of Equine Sarcoids—From Early Approaches to Innovative Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040769. [PMID: 37112681 PMCID: PMC10145708 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Horses and other equid species are frequently affected by bovine papillomavirus type 1 and/or 2 (BPV1, BPV2)-induced skin tumors termed sarcoids. Although sarcoids do not metastasize, they constitute a serious health problem due to their BPV1/2-mediated resistance to treatment and propensity to recrudesce in a more severe, multiple form following accidental or iatrogenic trauma. This review provides an overview on BPV1/2 infection and associated immune escape in the equid host and presents early and recent immunotherapeutic approaches in sarcoid management.
Collapse
|
6
|
Malla R, Adem M, Chakraborty A. Complexity and diversity of FOXP3 isoforms: Novel insights into the regulation of the immune response in metastatic breast cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110015. [PMID: 36931171 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3 is a key transcription factor in the regulation of immune responses, and recent studies have uncovered the complexity and diversity of FOXP3 isoforms in various cancers, including metastatic breast cancers (mBCs). It has dual role in the tumor microenvironment of mBCs. This review aims to provide novel insights into the complexity and diversity of FOXP3 isoforms in the regulation of the immune response in breast cancer. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of FOXP3 isoforms, including their interaction with other proteins, regulation of gene expression, and impact on the immune system. We also highlight the importance of understanding the role of FOXP3 isoforms in breast cancer and the potential for using them as therapeutic targets. This review highlights the crucial role of FOXP3 isoforms in the regulation of the immune response in breast cancer and underscores the need for further research to fully comprehend their complex and diverse functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Meghapriya Adem
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidhyalayam, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Radiation Biology Laboratory, UGC-DAE-CSR, Kolkata Centere, Kolkata 700098, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arık D, Benli T, Telli E. Number of FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells are associated with recurrence in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. J Gynecol Oncol 2023; 34:e16. [PMID: 36509463 PMCID: PMC9995870 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2023.34.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical management is essential in early-stage vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but these surgical procedures often cause significant morbidity. Immunotherapy may be a new treatment option in these patients. FoxP3+ Tregs suppress anti-tumor immune responses. High intratumoral FoxP3+ Treg infiltration has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in most solid tumors. However, there are also conflicting results. We evaluated FoxP3+ lymphocyte infiltration in vulvar SCC and aimed to determine its relationship with prognosis and clinicopathological parameters. METHODS Cases diagnosed with vulvar SCC in our department were retrospectively reviewed. The paraffin block that best reflects the morphology was selected, and immunohistochemical studies were performed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. FoxP3+ lymphocyte counts were made in tumoral stroma and within tumoral cell islands separately in hot-spot areas. RESULTS We found a positive correlation between high FoxP3+ lymphocyte count and good prognostic parameters. There was less recurrence in the group with high FoxP3+ lymphocyte counts in tumoral cell islands. Overall survival was not statistically different between these groups. Less lymphovascular invasion was observed in the group with high lymphocyte count in the tumoral stroma. CONCLUSION In vulvar SCC, FoxP3+ Treg infiltration into the tumor stroma and into tumoral cell islands is associated with good prognostic features. In these tumors, stage appeared as the only independent prognostic parameter. Studies to be conducted in larger series may reveal whether Tregs can be targeted in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Arık
- Department of Pathology, Medicine Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Tutku Benli
- Department of Pathology, Medicine Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Elçin Telli
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Medicine Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu S, Zhang H, Yan J, Zhu J, Bai Z, Li X. FOXP3 and SQSTM1/P62 correlate with prognosis and immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154292. [PMID: 36630868 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common highly malignant tumours worldwide. FOXP3 and SQSTM1/P62 have been shown to be abnormally expressed in tumour cells, but their function in different tumours remains controversial. The present study was designed to evaluate the expression of FOXP3 and P62 in HCC and their prognostic value as well as their relationship with immune infiltration in HCC patients. METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and TNMplot.com platform were used to analyse the expression of FOXP3 and P62. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Kaplan-Meier plotter were used to assess the impacts of FOXP3 and P62 on clinical prognosis. In addition, TCGA database was also used to examine the correlation between the expression of FOXP3 and P62 and tumour immune infiltration using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to determine expression levels of FOXP3 and P62 in 89 HCC and adjacent normal liver tissues, and their effects on clinicopathological features and prognosis were verified. RESULTS FOXP3 expression was downregulated in HCC tissues, while P62 expression was upregulated. FOXP3 underexpression and P62 overexpression were closely related to decreased overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. Additionally, the abnormal expression of FOXP3 and P62 was closely related to the infiltration levels of 12 types of immune cells, including regulatory T cells (Tregs), M2 macrophages, M0 macrophages, and CD8 T cells. Notably, in the validation model, abnormal FOXP3 and P62 expression was significantly associated with adverse clinicopathological factors in HCC patients, including elevated α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, poor tumour differentiation, and increased Ki67 levels. Furthermore, low FOXP3 and high P62 expression were independent risk factors for predicting OS prognosis in HCC patients. CONCLUSION FOXP3 and P62 have been shown to be important prognostic factors in HCC patients and are associated with immune cell infiltration in HCC. These findings suggest that FOXP3 and P62 may be valuable prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuohui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglong Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Donggang District, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongtian Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The role of FOXP3 in non-small cell lung cancer and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108333. [PMID: 36528259 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although in the last few decades we have witnessed the rapid development of treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it still remains the leading cause of cancer-related death. Increasing efforts have been devoted to exploring potential biomarkers and molecular targets for NSCLC. Foxp3, a transcription factor that was discovered as a master regulator of regulatory T cells (Tregs), has been found to express abnormally in tumoral cells including lung cancer cells. In recent years, increasing evidence have surfaced, revealing the carcinogenic effect of FOXP3 in lung cancer. In this review, we analyzed and summarized the function of FOXP3, its regulation and therapeutic potentials in NSCLC, with a hope to facilitate the development of novel treatments for NSCLC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma B, Miao W, Xiao J, Chen X, Xu J, Li Y. The Role of FOXP3 on Tumor Metastasis and Its Interaction with Traditional Chinese Medicine. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196706. [PMID: 36235242 PMCID: PMC9570879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) is an important transcription factor for regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plays an important role in their immunosuppressive function. In recent years, studies have found that FOXP3 is expressed in many kinds of tumors and plays different roles in tumors' biological behaviors, including tumor proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and prognosis. However, the effects of FOXP3 on tumor metastasis and its interaction with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the effects of FOXP3 on tumor metastasis and its relationship with TCM, which can provide evidence for further research and therapy in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benxu Ma
- Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wenjun Miao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmarceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricutural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jieqiong Xiao
- Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abdelhafeez HEDA, Hamid FFA, Hassan NM, Assem MM, Soliman AF. Relative expression and prognostic significance of forkhead box P3 in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29129. [PMID: 34133057 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the favorable survival rates of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), a significant number of patients present a dismal prognosis. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), a marker of regulatory T cells, functions as a transcription factor involved in immune cell regulation, and its expression correlates with prognosis in many malignancies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relative gene expression level of FOXP3 in childhood B-ALL and to detect its prognostic utility. METHODS The study included 139 bone marrow samples obtained from 112 patients at diagnosis and 27 healthy children. Following extraction, RNA was reverse transcribed and the relative expression level of FOXP3 was quantified by quantitative PCR. Cytogenetics, immunophenotype, and minimal residual disease were analyzed according to international guidelines. RESULTS A highly significant overexpression of FOXP3 was detected in childhood B-ALL patients at diagnosis, which was associated with a stronger risk for disease relapse and patients' worse survival. Moreover, multivariate regression models highlighted the independent prognostic value of FOXP3 for childhood B-ALL. Finally, the combination of FOXP3 relative expression with clinically used disease markers clearly enhanced the prediction of treatment stratification. CONCLUSIONS High FOXP3 relative expression was associated with inferior outcome suggesting its potentiality as a molecular prognostic marker to predict childhood B-ALL patients' outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma F Abdel Hamid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Hassan
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda M Assem
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Soliman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ariafar A, Habibagahi M, Jaberipour M, Khezri A, Hadi Khezri M, Bozorgi H, Hosseini A, Razmkhah M. Upregulation of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 and Forkhead Box P3 Transcripts in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Bladder Cancer. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:339-346. [PMID: 34539008 PMCID: PMC8438340 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2020.84462.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the progression of tumors. These cells express forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), which are the potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. The present study aimed to evaluate FOXP3 and CTLA4 transcripts in patients with bladder cancer (BC) compared with healthy individuals. Methods Transcripts of CTLA4 and FOXP3 genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 50 patients with histologically confirmed BC and 50 healthy individuals were assessed at the Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran) during 2014-2016. RNA was extracted from PBMCs, then cDNA was synthesized and subjected to quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using appropriate primers. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 21.0). Results Significantly higher amounts of CTLA4 and FOXP3 gene transcripts were found in the peripheral blood of BC patients compared with healthy individuals. The expression of both genes was significantly higher in patients with non-invasive and grade I/II BC. The median of CTLA4 and FOXP3 transcript expressions was 3.74 and 5.39, respectively, in non-invasive BC patients, which was significant compared with the control group (P=0.0016 and P=0.009, respectively). The median of target gene mRNA expression in grade I/II BC patients was 2.9 for CTLA4 and 6.61 for FOXP3, which was significant compared with the controls (P=0.013 and P=0.0037, respectively). Conclusion This study highlights the functional activity of Tregs in early stages of bladder cancer and showed the importance of CTLA4 and FOXP3, when it comes to screening BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ariafar
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Habibagahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Jaberipour
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolaziz Khezri
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Khezri
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hale Bozorgi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li C, Wang H, Fang H, He C, Pei Y, Gai X. FOXP3 facilitates the invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells through regulating VEGF, EMT and the Notch1/Hes1 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:958. [PMID: 34335900 PMCID: PMC8290412 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a specific marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that is also expressed in tumour cells. Previous studies have revealed that FOXP3 can promote metastasis in several types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the underlying mechanism of FOXP3 remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of FOXP3 on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Notch1/Hes1 pathway in NSCLC. After FOXP3 small interfering RNA (siRNAs) were transfected into A549 cells, the expression of FOXP3 mRNA and protein was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Transwell assays. The concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and VEGF in the cell supernatant were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of relevant proteins involved in EMT and Notch1/Hes1 pathway were assessed via western blotting. Additionally, the expression of FOXP3, CD31 and E-cadherin was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 55 human NSCLC tissue samples. The results demonstrated that FOXP3 knockdown significantly inhibited the cell migratory and invasive abilities, decreased the concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF, downregulated the protein expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, Notch1 and Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1 (Hes1), and upregulated the protein expression of E-cadherin. Furthermore, FOXP3 expression was positively associated with CD31+ vascular endothelial cells and negatively correlated with E-cadherin in NSCLC tissues. In addition, the Notch1/Hes1 pathway inhibitor DAPT significantly downregulated the expression of FOXP3 in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that FOXP3 may facilitate the invasive and migratory abilities of NSCLC cells via regulating the angiogenic factor VEGF, the EMT and the Notch1/Hes1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Hefei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xiang Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory, Chifeng Clinical Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P.R. China
| | - Chengyuan He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Pei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Gai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Michelakos T, Cai L, Villani V, Sabbatino F, Kontos F, Fernández-Del Castillo C, Yamada T, Neyaz A, Taylor MS, Deshpande V, Kurokawa T, Ting DT, Qadan M, Weekes CD, Allen JN, Clark JW, Hong TS, Ryan DP, Wo JY, Warshaw AL, Lillemoe KD, Ferrone S, Ferrone CR. Tumor Microenvironment Immune Response in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:182-191. [PMID: 32497200 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) and chemoradiation have been used to downstage borderline and locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Whether neoadjuvant therapy-induced tumor immune response contributes to the improved survival is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated whether neoadjuvant therapy induces an immune response towards PDAC. METHODS Clinicopathological variables were collected for surgically resected PDACs at the Massachusetts General Hospital (1998-2016). Neoadjuvant regimens included FOLFIRINOX with or without chemoradiation, proton chemoradiation (25 Gy), photon chemoradiation (50.4 Gy), or no neoadjuvant therapy. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II expression and immune cell infiltration (CD4+, FoxP3+, CD8+, granzyme B+ cells, and M2 macrophages) were analyzed immunohistochemically and correlated with clinicopathologic variables. The antitumor immune response was compared among neoadjuvant therapy regimens. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS Two hundred forty-eight PDAC patients were included. The median age was 64 years and 50.0% were female. HLA-A defects were less frequent in the FOLFIRINOX cohort (P = .006). HLA class II expression was lowest in photon and highest in proton patients (P = .02). The FOLFIRINOX cohort exhibited the densest CD8+ cell infiltration (P < .001). FOLFIRINOX and proton patients had the highest CD4+ and lowest T regulatory (FoxP3+) cell density, respectively. M2 macrophage density was statistically significantly higher in the treatment-naïve group (P < .001) in which dense M2 macrophage infiltration was an independent predictor of poor overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX with or without chemoradiation may induce immunologically relevant changes in the tumor microenvironment. It may reduce HLA-A defects, increase CD8+ cell density, and decrease T regulatory cell and M2 macrophage density. Therefore, neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX therapy may benefit from combinations with checkpoint inhibitors, which can enhance patients' antitumor immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Michelakos
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Vincenzo Villani
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filippos Kontos
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Azfar Neyaz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kurokawa
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Motaz Qadan
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colin D Weekes
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill N Allen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Clark
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Ryan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Wo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L Warshaw
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith D Lillemoe
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Q, Zhou X, Wan M, Zeng X, Luo J, Xu Y, Ji L, Zhang JA, Fan P, Zhong J, Wu J. FoxP3-miR-150-5p/3p suppresses ovarian tumorigenesis via an IGF1R/IRS1 pathway feedback loop. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:275. [PMID: 33723215 PMCID: PMC7961150 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) causes more deaths than any other gynecological cancer. Many cellular pathways have been elucidated to be associated with OC development and progression. Specifically, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor/insulin receptor substrate 1 (IGF1R/IRS1) pathway participates in OC development. Moreover, accumulating evidence has shown that microRNA deregulation contributes to tumor initiation and progression. Here, our study aimed to investigate the molecular functions and regulatory mechanisms of miR-150, specifically, in OC. We found that the expression of miR-150-5p/3p and their precursor, mir-150, was downregulated in OC tissues; lower mir-150 levels were associated with poor OC patient outcomes. Ectopic mir-150 expression inhibited OC cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, both IRS1 and IGF1R were confirmed as direct targets of miR-150-5p/3p, and the miR-150-IGF1R/IRS1 axis exerted antitumor effects via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) positively regulated the expression of miR-150-5p/3p by binding to the mir-150 promoter. In turn, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway downregulated FoxP3 and miR-150-5p/3p. Taken together, these findings indicate that a complex FoxP3-miR-150-IGF1R/IRS1-PI3K/AKT/mTOR feedback loop regulates OC pathogenesis, providing a novel mechanism for miR-150 as a tumor suppressor miRNA in OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinkai Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xunzhu Zhou
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Maoping Wan
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xixi Zeng
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jiarong Luo
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yesha Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Liying Ji
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian-An Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Pei Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, P.R. China.
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vlachonikola E, Stamatopoulos K, Chatzidimitriou A. T Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Two-Edged Sword. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612244. [PMID: 33552073 PMCID: PMC7857025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy of mature, antigen-experienced B lymphocytes. Despite great progress recently achieved in the management of CLL, the disease remains incurable, underscoring the need for further investigation into the underlying pathophysiology. Microenvironmental crosstalk has an established role in CLL pathogenesis and progression. Indeed, the malignant CLL cells are strongly dependent on interactions with other immune and non-immune cell populations that shape a highly orchestrated network, the tumor microenvironment (TME). The composition of the TME, as well as the bidirectional interactions between the malignant clone and the microenvironmental elements have been linked to disease heterogeneity. Mounting evidence implicates T cells present in the TME in the natural history of the CLL as well as in the establishment of certain CLL hallmarks e.g. tumor evasion and immune suppression. CLL is characterized by restrictions in the T cell receptor gene repertoire, T cell oligoclonal expansions, as well as shared T cell receptor clonotypes amongst patients, strongly alluding to selection by restricted antigenic elements of as yet undisclosed identity. Further, the T cells in CLL exhibit a distinctive phenotype with features of “exhaustion” likely as a result of chronic antigenic stimulation. This might be relevant to the fact that, despite increased numbers of oligoclonal T cells in the periphery, these cells are incapable of mounting effective anti-tumor immune responses, a feature perhaps also linked with the elevated numbers of T regulatory subpopulations. Alterations of T cell gene expression profile are associated with defects in both the cytoskeleton and immune synapse formation, and are generally induced by direct contact with the malignant clone. That said, these abnormalities appear to be reversible, which is why therapies targeting the T cell compartment represent a reasonable therapeutic option in CLL. Indeed, novel strategies, including CAR T cell immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade and immunomodulation, have come to the spotlight in an attempt to restore the functionality of T cells and enhance targeted cytotoxic activity against the malignant clone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Vlachonikola
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Chatzidimitriou
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang L, Yi JL, Chen HY, Wang PL, Shen YL. Level of Foxp3, DNMTs, methylation of Foxp3 promoter region, and CD4 + CD25 + CD127low regulatory T cells in vulvar lichen sclerosus. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:520-527. [PMID: 33438816 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to investigate the pathogenesis of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) by analyzing the level of Foxp3, DNMTs, methylation of Foxp3 promoter region, and CD4 + CD25 + CD127low Regulatory T cells (Tregs). This study enrolled 15 VLS patients and 25 controls. Lesional and extralesional vulvar skin tissues, normal vulvar skin tissues and peripheral blood were collected. Compared with the control group, Foxp3 protein in the lesional and extralesional skin of VLS group was significantly reduced. The levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3b proteins in lesional skin of VLS group were significantly increased. There was no difference in the total methylation rates of the promoter region of the Foxp3 gene. The methylation rates of CpG1, CpG4, CpG9, and CpG10 were significantly higher in lesional skin of VLS group than in control group. There was no correlation between the total methylation rates of 10 CpG sites and the level of Foxp3 and DNMT1 proteins; there was a positive correlation between Foxp3 and DNMT1 protein in lesional skin of VLS group (r = 0.675, p < 0.05), and a negative correlation (r = -0.665, p < 0.05) in extralesional skin of VLS group. However, there was no correlation of Foxp3 with DNMT3b. The number of CD4 + CD25 + CD127low Tregs VLS decreased significantly. The expression of Foxp3 protein and the quantity of CD4 + CD25 + CD127low Tregs in patients with VLS decreased, which may cause local or systemic abnormal immunosuppression of Tregs, leading to the occurrence of VLS. This may be related with methylation or DNMT1, which needs further verification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Ling Yi
- Department of Gynecology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Gynecology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Pei-Liang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan-Li Shen
- Department of Gynecology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tan HNC, Catedral LIG, San Juan MD. Prognostic Significance of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes on Survival Outcomes of Patients With Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Immunother 2021; 44:29-40. [PMID: 32909965 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play an important role in mediating treatment response in pancreatic cancer. This meta-analysis investigated the prognostic significance of TIL subsets on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with pancreatic cancer. Studies were gathered via search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases up to August 1, 2019. Using Review Manager version 5.3.5, pooled hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random or fixed-effects models, depending on the heterogeneity of studies. A total of 11 studies comprising 1760 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis revealed that high CD8 TILs were associated with improved OS [hazard ratio (HR)=0.59, 95% CI=0.51-0.69, P<0.00001] and DFS (HR=0.60, 95% CI=0.50-0.73, P<0.00001). Similarly, high CD3 TILs correlated with better OS (HR=0.64, 95% CI=0.54-0.75, P<0.00001) and DFS (HR=0.53, 95% CI=0.31-0.92, P<0.0001). In contrast, high FoxP3 TILs were associated with worse OS (HR=1.39, 95% CI=1.03-1.88, P=0.03). Finally, high CD4 TILs showed significant improvement in OS (HR=0.74, 95% CI=0.63-0.86, P=0.0001). TILs are a promising prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer. Prospective studies evaluating TILs are recommended as well as the establishment of standards in the assessment of TILs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harold N C Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gong Z, Jia H, Yu J, Liu Y, Ren J, Yang S, Hu B, Liu L, Lai PBS, Chen GG. Nuclear FOXP3 inhibits tumor growth and induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting c-Myc. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:97. [PMID: 33116119 PMCID: PMC7595121 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The status of FOXP3 and its isoforms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the expression and function of FOXP3 and its isoforms in HCC. The study was performed on 84 HCC patients, HCC cell lines and a mouse tumor model. The levels of FOXP3 and its isoforms were determined by nested PCR, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The correlation between their levels and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed. The full length of FOXP3 (FOXP3) and exon 3-deleted FOXP3 (FOXP3Δ3) were found to be the major isoforms in HCC. The levels of FOXP3Δ3 mRNA and protein in HCC tumor samples were not significantly different from their adjacent normal tissues. The high expression of FOXP3 protein in HCC patients showed a good overall survival. The overexpression of FOXP3 significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The immunofluorescence result indicated that FOXP3 needed to be translocated into the nucleus to exert its inhibitory function. The luciferase assay demonstrated that FOXP3 could be synergistic with Smad2/3/4 to inhibit the oncogene c-Myc. The co-immunoprecipitation results further revealed that FOXP3 could interact with Smad2/3/4. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that both FOXP3 and Smad2/3/4 bound the promoter of the c-Myc to inhibit it. The in vivo mouse tumor model study confirmed the inhibitory effect of FOXP3. Collectively, the expression of tumor FOXP3 can inhibit the growth of HCC via suppressing c-Myc directly or indirectly via interacting with Smad2/3/4. Therefore, FOXP3 is a tumor suppressor in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Gong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianqing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524025, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengli Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Baoguang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 524000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - George Gong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu MMT, Burugu S, Gao D, Yu J, Kos Z, Leung S, Horst BA, Nielsen TO. Evaluation of glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR) expression in breast cancer and across multiple tumor types. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1753-1763. [PMID: 32350416 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR) is an emerging immunotherapy target that is expressed at high levels on regulatory T cells. Agonistic anti-GITR antibodies have anti-tumor activity in cancer mouse models, and recent phase 1 trials have demonstrated their safe pharmacological profile. However, there is limited knowledge on the relationship between GITR expression and the tumor microenvironment. GITR protein expression was assayed by immunohistochemistry on 3992 breast cancer surgical excision specimens assembled into tissue microarrays and scored visually by a pathologist for GITR expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and on carcinoma cells. GITR expression by the malignant cells was further surveyed in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (N = 713), lung carcinoma (N = 705), pancreatic cancer (N = 486), ovarian cancer (N = 445), bladder cancer (N = 88), prostate cancer (N = 88), testicular cancer (N = 76), melanoma (N = 75), renal cell carcinoma (N = 68), epithelioid sarcoma (N = 53), and neuroendocrine tumors (N = 41). In breast cancer, GITR expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (12.4%) correlated with other immune response biomarkers (PD-L1+ on tumor cells, and PD-1+, LAG-3+, TIM-3+ lymphocytes; p < 0.001), and T-cell markers (CD8+, FOXP3+; p < 0.001). GITR+ carcinoma cells were observed in 6.0% of breast cancer cases and correlated with worse relapse-free survival (p = 0.015). Among the additional tumor types examined, cancers with GITR+ malignant cells included bladder cancer (5.7%), primary (but not metastatic) melanoma (4.5%), and ovarian cancer (3.2%); no expression was identified among examined sarcomas. To our knowledge, this is the first immunohistochemistry study to report the frequency and pattern of GITR expression in a large breast cancer cohort, or to report membranous GITR expression on malignant cells. The co-infiltration of GITR with other immune biomarkers and T-cell markers supports a potential role for anti-GITR agents in combination immunotherapies. In addition, GITR expression on carcinoma cells could imply the existence of a novel cancer immune evasion strategy worthy of further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayanne M T Zhu
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samantha Burugu
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dongxia Gao
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jamie Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel Leung
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Basil A Horst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim HI, Kim SY, Yu JE, Shin SJ, Roh YH, Cheong JH, Hyung WJ, Noh SH, Park CG, Lee HJ. Contrasting Prognostic Effects of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Density in Cardia and Non-cardia Gastric Adenocarcinomas. J Gastric Cancer 2020; 20:190-201. [PMID: 32596002 PMCID: PMC7311218 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2020.20.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to investigate the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in relation to tumor location within the stomach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The densities and prognostic significance of TIL subsets were evaluated in 542 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy. Immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3), and granzyme B was performed. RESULTS Cardia cancer was associated with significantly lower densities of CD8 T-cells and higher densities of Foxp3 and granzyme B T-cells than non-cardia tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.023; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.006-1.040), advanced T classification (HR, 2.029; 95% CI, 1.106-3.721), lymph node metastasis (HR, 3.319; 95% CI, 1.947-5.658), low CD3 expression (HR, 0.997; 95% CI, 0.994-0.999), and a high Foxp3/CD4 ratio (HR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.001-1.012) were independent predictors of poor overall survival in cardia cancer patients. In non-cardia cancer patients, total gastrectomy (HR, 2.147; 95% CI, 1.507-3.059), advanced T classification (HR, 2.158; 95% CI, 1.425-3.266), lymph node metastasis (HR, 1.854; 95% CI, 1.250-2.750), and a low Foxp3/CD4 ratio (HR, 0.978; 95% CI, 0.959-0.997) were poor prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS The densities and prognostic effects of TILs differed in relation to the location of tumors within the stomach. The contrasting prognostic effects of Foxp3/CD4 ratio in cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer patients suggests that clinicians ought to consider tumor location when determining treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
- Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Yu
- Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Ho Roh
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Hyung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hippo pathway and tumoral FOXP3 expression correlate with tumor growth in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153003. [PMID: 32534707 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of FOXP3 in tumors is associated with proliferation, migration, and invasion, has been implicated in cancer prognosis, and may be related to metastatic potential. The Hippo signaling pathway is known to regulate tissue homeostasis and organ size through cell proliferation and apoptosis. We investigated tumoral FOXP3, Lats2, and YAP expression related to the Hippo pathway in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. METHODS Between 1983 and 2006, 149 cases of SCC were diagnosed and surgically resected at Kyung Hee University Hospital. Immunohistochemical staining for FOXP3, YAP, and Lats2 was done. RESULTS Tumor size was inversely correlated with tumoral FOXP3 expression (p = 0.015), Treg count (p < 0.0001), and positive Lats2 expression (p = 0.028). YAP expression was inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.039). Positive tumoral FOXP3 expression was significantly associated with infiltrated Treg count (p = 0.001) and positive Lats2 expression (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Tumoral FOXP3 has the potential to suppress tumor function in SCC of the lung. The decrease or loss of FOXP3 expression in cancer cells is thought to contribute to SCC tumorigenesis and progression in the lung. The tumor suppressor function of FOXP3 in SCC of the lung was related to Lats2 and YAP expression in the Hippo pathway.
Collapse
|
23
|
Xie M, Wei J, Xu J. Inducers, Attractors and Modulators of CD4 + Treg Cells in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:676. [PMID: 32425930 PMCID: PMC7212357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide, with non-small cell-lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Immune escape has been demonstrated to play a key role in the initiation and progression of NSCLC, although the underlying mechanisms are diverse and their puzzling nature is far from being understood. As a critical participant in immune escape, the CD4+ T cell subset of regulatory T (Treg) cells, with their immunosuppressive functions, has been implicated in the occurrence of many types of cancers. Additionally, therapies based on Treg blockade have benefited a portion of cancer patients, including those with NSCLC. Accumulating literature has noted high Treg infiltration in NSCLC tumor tissues, bone marrow, lymph nodes and/or blood; moreover, the tumor milieu is involved in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, recruitment and suppressive functions of Treg cells. Multifarious mechanisms by which CD4+ Treg cells are generated, attracted and modulated in the NSCLC milieu will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao Y, Cui WL, Feng ZY, Xue J, Gulinaer A, Zhang W. Expression of Foxp3 and interleukin-7 receptor and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2755-2764. [PMID: 32218828 PMCID: PMC7068468 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most specific biomarker on the surface of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is the forkhead/wingeded-helix protein 3 (Foxp3). In contrast, the expression of interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) is low or negative in Tregs. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of Foxp3 and IL-7R in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to analyse the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with DLBCL and their association with overall survival (OS). Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of Foxp3 and IL-7R on routinely processed formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens. The χ2 test was used to analyse the association between the expression of Foxp3 and IL-7R and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with DLBCL. Survival curves were used to investigate the effect of Foxp3 and IL-7R on patient prognosis. The results demonstrated that high Foxp3 expression in tissue was associated with non- germinal centre B-cell (GCB)-type disease (P=0.012), International Prognostic Index score >0 (P=0.012), stage 3 or 4 tumour (P=0.045) and disease progression and stabilization period (P=0.032). In addition, IL-7R expression was associated with non-GCB-type disease (P=0.001) and extranodal lymphoma (P=0.008). Furthermore, expression of Foxp3 and IL-7R was not associated with OS (P=0.447 and P=0.201, respectively). Foxp3 and IL-7R expression in non-GCB-type lymphoma was significantly higher compared with that in GCB lymphoma. The expression of Foxp3 and IL-7R may therefore help the development of individualized treatment, prognostic prediction and therapy stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Li Cui
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yin Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Abulajiang Gulinaer
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu Z, Yang R, Li L, Mao L, Liu S, Qiao S, Ren G, Hu J. Validation of Gene Profiles for Analysis of Regional Lymphatic Metastases in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:3. [PMID: 32118031 PMCID: PMC7010860 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is dependent on both cancer stem cells (CSCs) and immune suppression. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution of CSCs and the characteristic immune suppression status in HNSCC primary tumors and lymph nodes. A total of 303 lymph nodes from 25 patients, as well as tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples, were evaluated by a quantitative PCR assay of the markers of CSCs and the characteristic immune suppression. Expressions of selected genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were also analyzed. In the primary tumors, we found that expressions of CSCs markers (ALDH1L1, PECAM1, PROM1) were down-regulated, while immune suppression markers FOXP3, CD47, EGFR, SOX2, and TGFB1 were up-regulated significantly when compared to that in adjacent normal tissues. In the lymph nodes, expressions of both CSCs, and immune suppression markers were upregulated significantly compared with that in primary tumors. The mRNA expression of selected CSCs and immune suppression markers exhibited the highest expression in the level II of metastasis, then declined in the level III and remained constant at a reduced value in levels IV and V of metastases. These results reveal a comprehensive understanding of the unique genetic characteristics associated with metastatic loci and potential routes of lymphatic dissemination of HNSCC, which helps to explain why the level II has a high incidence of lymph node metastasis, and why skip metastasis straight to the level IV or level V is rarely found in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrong Hu
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Yang
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Mao
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichong Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxin Ren
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Hu
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Scognamiglio G, Capone M, Mallardo D, Botti G, Ascierto PA, Madonna G. Multiplex immunohistochemistry assay to evaluate the melanoma tumor microenvironment. Methods Enzymol 2019; 635:21-31. [PMID: 32122547 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of a set of cellular compartments comprising vascular, neuroendocrine, stromal, epithelial and immune cells. These compartments constitute a heterogeneous and dynamic set, where intercellular communication is driven by a complex network of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and inflammatory and matrix remodeling enzymes. Based on this complexity, an increasing number of assays may be required to identify and locate specific proteins in the tissue section and the standard procedure is to perform one stain at a time on serial sections. Recently, interest in performing multiple assays on formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens has gained ground, and is referred to as multiplexing, i.e., multiple staining of the same section at the same time. Multiple staining is a promising approach that may help to improve understanding of the interactions between the different cellular components of the TME, stratify cancer patients, and help clinicians in their patient management. In this chapter, we detail a simple methodological approach to perform multiple staining on the same section using tissue obtained from patients with melanoma. This procedure evaluates the presence and location of three different proteins, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) and Granzyme B (GRZB).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariaelena Capone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Mallardo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Madonna
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Y, Zhu Z. Oridonin inhibits metastasis of human ovarian cancer cells by suppressing the mTOR pathway. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1017-1027. [PMID: 31360196 PMCID: PMC6657258 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.77068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oridonin, which is isolated from the Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens, has been reported to exhibit an anti-tumorous effect on different cancers. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which oridonin suppresses human ovarian cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The inhibition of oridonin on cell proliferation was assessed by CCK8 assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, staining with propidium iodide (PI) or annexin-V/PI respectively. The metastasis rate was evaluated using a transwell migration assay. The expression of metastasis-associated genes and mTOR pathway related genes were detected by western blot. RESULTS We demonstrated that oridonin suppressed the proliferation and blocked the cell cycle in G1/S phage and induced apoptosis in SKOV3 and A2780 cells (p < 0.01). We further found that the mTOR signaling pathway was suppressed by the treatment with oridonin, and the activation of the mTOR pathway attenuated the anti-tumorous effect of oridonin in human ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that the mTOR pathway was involved in the anti-tumorous process of oridonin. Additionally, the activation of the mTOR pathway by an exogenous activator reduced the expression level of FOXP3 (p < 0.01), thus providing evidence that FOXP3 is a factor that is necessary for the anti-tumorous effect of oridonin, and is negatively regulated by the mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that oridonin suppressed the mTOR signaling pathway, up-regulated the FOXP3 level, and inhibited metastasis of human ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ou X, Zhang GT, Tian PK, Chen JS, Lin ZW, Xie Y, Wang AH, Liu XP, Liu JK. Forkhead box P3 gene silencing inhibits the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors associated with cell growth, migration, and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1091-1098. [PMID: 31316604 PMCID: PMC6601415 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) leads to the formation of malignant tumors. FOXP3 expression levels are also elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of FOXP3 silencing on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and chemokine/chemokine receptor expression in the MHCC-97H HCC cell line. Three FOXP3 short hairpin (sh)RNA constructs were designed: Sh-FOXP3-1-pGreenPuro, sh-FOXP3-2-pGreenPuro, and sh-FOXP3-3-pGreenPuro. MHCC-97H cells were transfected with shRNA-FOXP3, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of C-X-C motif chemokine (CXC) ligand 12 (CXCL12), CXCL11, CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) and CXCR7 were measured. Cell Counting Kit-8, terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and Transwell assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration, respectively. Of the three FOXP3 lentivirus carriers constructed, sh-FOXP3-1 significantly reduced FOXP3 expression levels and was chosen for further experiments. sh-FOXP3-1 inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell migration compared with the negative control. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCL12, CXCL11, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were decreased significantly in response to FOXP3 silencing. FOXP3 silencing may therefore inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis and inhibit migration in HCC cells, possibly by impairing the chemokine/chemokine receptor axes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Tao Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Kai Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Sen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Wei Lin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Hong Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Kui Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lu Q, Li L, Huang A, Cui L, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Yuan Z, Dai M. Molecular Characterization and Biological Function of a Novel LncRNA CRNG in Swine. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:539. [PMID: 31178726 PMCID: PMC6537671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has showed that a novel gene is differentially expressed in the liver of cyadox-fed piglets, but its sequence and function are unknown. Here, rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and bioinformatics analysis showed that the novel gene is 953 bp without protein-coding ability and locates in chromosome 11. Hence, we identified the novel gene as long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and named it cyadox-related novel gene (CRNG). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that CRNG mainly distributes in cytoplasm. Moreover, microarray assay in combination with CRNG interference and overexpression showed that the differential genes such as ANPEP, KITLG, STAT5A, FOXP3, miR-451, IL-2, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α are mainly involved in viral and pathogens infection and the immune-inflammatory responses in PK-15 cells. This work reveals that CRNG might play a role in preventing the host from being infected by pathogens and viruses and exerting immune regulatory effects in the cytoplasm, which may be involved in prophylaxis of cyadox in piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aixin Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luqing Cui
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Grochot RM, Brollo J, Neto FR, Tregnago AC, Scholze C, Norris R, Silva S, Weschenfelder DC, Reiriz AB, Michelin L, Pasqualotto FF. Expression of PD-L1 in cervical carcinoma and its impact on survival associated with T-cell infiltration and FoxP3 expression. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4597-4605. [PMID: 31191020 PMCID: PMC6529624 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s194597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis is currently the most elucidated mechanism for tumor evasion of T-cell-mediated immunity. Nevertheless, few data are available regarding its impact on cervical cancer and the relationship with lymphocytic infiltrates. Methods: A retrospective assessment of all cases of cervical neoplasia treated in Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Brazil, between 2012 and 2016 was performed. Clinical and pathological data were collected from electronic records and analyzed. Original slides were independently reviewed by three pathologists to confirm diagnoses and to assess the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 and FoxP3 in tumor cells and lymphocytic infiltrates. Results: PD-L1 staining was present in 32.2% of the 59 cervical samples. Median overall survival time of the PD-L1-negative group was 47.8 months, a time point not yet reached by the PD-L1-positive group (p=0.968). Median progression-free survival was 24.3 months for PD-L1-negative and 11.5 months for PD-L1-positive patients (p=0.263). PD-L1 staining was found in 27.1% of the lymphocytic infiltrates, and survival analysis revealed no difference between PD-L1-positive and PD-L1-negative samples. There was no impact on survival related to FoxP3 staining in neither tumor samples nor lymphocytic infiltrates. Conclusion: Although the median progression-free survival times differed, the difference was not statistically significant. Our study corroborates the rationale that PD-L1 expression in cervical neoplasms has no impact on survival. PD-L1 expression in peritumoral lymphocytes revealed no impact on infiltration volume nor survival. Keywords: uterine cervical neoplasms, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, cancer, tumor microenvironment, survival
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Grochot
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Janaína Brollo
- UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Floriano Riva Neto
- UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,CPM Laboratory, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline C Tregnago
- UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,CPM Laboratory, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rui Norris
- CPM Laboratory, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Sargeele Silva
- UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - André B Reiriz
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Lessandra Michelin
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio F Pasqualotto
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dao T, Mun SS, Scott AC, Jarvis CA, Korontsvit T, Yang Z, Liu L, Klatt MG, Guerreiro M, Selvakumar A, Brea EJ, Oh C, Liu C, Scheinberg DA. Depleting T regulatory cells by targeting intracellular Foxp3 with a TCR mimic antibody. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1570778. [PMID: 31143508 PMCID: PMC6527296 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1570778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depletion of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment is a promising cancer immunotherapy strategy. Current approaches for depleting Tregs are limited by lack of specificity and concurrent depletion of anti-tumor effector T cells. The transcription factor forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) plays a central role in the development and function of Tregs and is an ideal target in Tregs, but Foxp3 is an intracellular, undruggable protein to date. We have generated a T cell receptor mimic antibody, "Foxp3-#32," recognizing a Foxp3-derived epitope in the context of HLA-A*02:01. The mAb Foxp3-#32 selectively recognizes CD4 + CD25 + CD127low and Foxp3 + Tregs also expressing HLA-A*02:01 and depletes these cells via antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. Foxp3-#32 mAb depleted Tregs in xenografts of PBMCs from a healthy donor and ascites fluid from a cancer patient. A TCRm mAb targeting intracellular Foxp3 epitope represents an approach to deplete Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sung Soo Mun
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew C. Scott
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casey A. Jarvis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatyana Korontsvit
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Martin G. Klatt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Guerreiro
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annamalai Selvakumar
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elliott J. Brea
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Oh
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Skretting G, Andersen E, Myklebust CF, Sandset PM, Tinholt M, Iversen N, Stavik B. Transcription factor FOXP3: A repressor of the
TFPI
gene? J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12924-12936. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Skretting
- Department of Haematology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Elisabeth Andersen
- Department of Haematology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Christiane F. Myklebust
- Department of Haematology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Per Morten Sandset
- Department of Haematology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Mari Tinholt
- Department of Haematology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Nina Iversen
- Department of Medical Genetics Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Benedicte Stavik
- Department of Haematology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rostamzadeh D, Haghshenas MR, Daryanoosh F, Samadi M, Hosseini A, Ghaderi A, Mojtahedi Z, Babaloo Z. Altered frequency of CD8
+
CD11c
+
T cells and expression of immunosuppressive molecules in lymphoid organs of mouse model of colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:11986-11998. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Rostamzadeh
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Samadi
- Department of Sports Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Zahra Mojtahedi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Immunology Unit, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Head of Immunology Department Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Laissue P. The forkhead-box family of transcription factors: key molecular players in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:5. [PMID: 30621735 PMCID: PMC6325735 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer worldwide and the fourth most frequent cause of death having an oncological origin. It has been found that transcription factors (TF) dysregulation, leading to the significant expression modifications of genes, is a widely distributed phenomenon regarding human malignant neoplasias. These changes are key determinants regarding tumour’s behaviour as they contribute to cell differentiation/proliferation, migration and metastasis, as well as resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family consists of an evolutionarily conserved group of transcriptional regulators engaged in numerous functions during development and adult life. Their dysfunction has been associated with human diseases. Several FOX gene subgroup transcriptional disturbances, affecting numerous complex molecular cascades, have been linked to a wide range of cancer types highlighting their potential usefulness as molecular biomarkers. At least 14 FOX subgroups have been related to CRC pathogenesis, thereby underlining their role for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment purposes. This manuscript aims to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive review of FOX genes’ roles during CRC pathogenesis. The molecular and functional characteristics of most relevant FOX molecules (FOXO, FOXM1, FOXP3) have been described within the context of CRC biology, including their usefulness regarding diagnosis and prognosis. Potential CRC therapeutics (including genome-editing approaches) involving FOX regulation have also been included. Taken together, the information provided here should enable a better understanding of FOX genes’ function in CRC pathogenesis for basic science researchers and clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Laissue
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 N° 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ferrandino F, Grazioli P, Bellavia D, Campese AF, Screpanti I, Felli MP. Notch and NF-κB: Coach and Players of Regulatory T-Cell Response in Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2165. [PMID: 30364244 PMCID: PMC6193072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays multiple roles in driving T-cell fate decisions, proliferation, and aberrant growth. NF-κB is a cell-context key player interconnected with Notch signaling either in physiological or in pathological conditions. This review focuses on how the multilayered crosstalk between different Notches and NF-κB subunits may converge on Foxp3 gene regulation and orchestrate CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cell function, particularly in a tumor microenvironment. Notably, Treg cells may play a pivotal role in the inhibition of antitumor immune responses, possibly promoting tumor growth. A future challenge is represented by further dissection of both Notch and NF-κB pathways and consequences of their intersection in tumor-associated Treg biology. This may shed light on the molecular mechanisms regulating Treg cell expansion and migration to peripheral lymphoid organs thought to facilitate tumor development and still to be explored. In so doing, new opportunities for combined and/or more selective therapeutic approaches to improve anticancer immunity may be found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Grazioli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen YJ, Huang CH, Shi YJ, Lee YC, Wang LJ, Chang LS. The suppressive effect of arsenic trioxide on TET2-FOXP3-Lyn-Akt axis-modulated MCL1 expression induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 358:43-55. [PMID: 30213730 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been reported to inhibit the activity of Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET). TET modulates FOXP3 expression, while dysregulation of FOXP3 expression promotes the malignant progression of leukemia cells. We examined the role of TET-FOXP3 axis in the cytotoxic effects of ATO on the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line, U937. ATO-induced apoptosis in U937 cells was characterized by activation of caspase-3/-9, mitochondrial depolarization, and MCL1 downregulation. In addition, ATO-treated U937 cells showed ROS-mediated inhibition of TET2 transcription, leading to downregulation of FOXP3 expression and in turn, suppression of FOXP3-mediated activation of Lyn and Akt. Overexpression of FOXP3 or Lyn minimized the suppressive effect of ATO on Akt activation and MCL1 expression. Promoter luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the crucial role of Akt-mediated CREB phosphorylation in MCL1 transcription. Further, ATO-induced Akt inactivation promoted GSK3β-mediated degradation of MCL1. Transfection of constitutively active Akt expression abrogated ATO-induced MCL1 downregulation. MCL1 overexpression lessened the ATO-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and increased the viability of ATO-treated cells. Thus, our data suggest that ATO induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in U937 cells through its suppressive effect on TET2-FOXP3-Lyn-Akt axis-modulated MCL1 transcription and protein stabilization. Our findings also indicate that the same pathway underlies ATO-induced death in human leukemia HL-60 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yonekura S, Itoh M, Shiratori E, Ohtaka M, Tohda S. FOXP3 knockdown inhibits the proliferation and reduces NOTCH1 expression of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:582. [PMID: 30103821 PMCID: PMC6090594 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a master transcriptional factor of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Recent studies have shown that FOXP3 is associated with growth inhibition of cancer cells. However, the role of FOXP3 in acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells is not known. It was also reported that NOTCH signaling promoted the expression of FOXP3 in Tregs. However, the effect of FOXP3 on NOTCH expression in T-ALL cells is little known. Therefore, we examined the effect of FOXP3 knockdown on the proliferation of T-ALL cells and NOTCH1 signaling. RESULTS Two T-ALL cell lines Jurkat and KOPT-K1, harboring activating NOTCH1 mutations, were transfected with small interfering RNA against FOXP3. Cell growth was assessed with a colorimetric assay and morphology was observed under a microscope. FOXP3 knockdown significantly reduced cell growth and induced morphological changes suggesting apoptosis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that FOXP3 knockdown caused the downregulation of mRNA expression of NOTCH1 and HES1. These findings suggest that FOXP3 supports the growth of T-ALL cells although this can not be generalized because we examined only two cell lines. The observed growth suppression can be partly due to the downregulation of NOTCH1 signaling. FOXP3 may be a potential therapeutic target in T-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yonekura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mai Itoh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Erika Shiratori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mika Ohtaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shuji Tohda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tian T, Wang M, Zheng Y, Yang T, Zhu W, Li H, Lin S, Liu K, Xu P, Deng Y, Zhou L, Dai Z. Association of two FOXP3 polymorphisms with breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han women. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:867-872. [PMID: 29731666 PMCID: PMC5927342 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s158433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a key gene in the immune system which also plays a role in tumor development. This study aims to explore the association of two FOXP3 polymorphisms (rs3761548 and rs3761549) with susceptibility to breast cancer (BC). Method A case–control study was conducted, involving 560 patients and 583 healthy individuals from the Chinese Han population. The genotypes of FOXP3 polymorphisms were detected using the Sequenom MassARRAY method. The association between FOXP3 polymorphisms and BC risk was evaluated using a χ2 test with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) under six genetic models. False-positive report probability was utilized to examine whether the significant findings were noteworthy. Results We observed that rs3761548 was associated with a higher BC risk in heterozygous, dominant, overdominant, and allele genetic models (CA vs CC: OR =1.32, P=0.031; CA/AA vs CC: OR =1.32, P=0.023; CA vs CC/AA: OR =1.29, P=0.042; A vs C: OR =1.26, P=0.029), whereas no significant association was found between rs3761549 and BC risk. In addition, CA, CA/AA genotype, and A allele of rs3761548 were related to larger tumor size, and the A allele was also correlated with a positive status of Her-2 in BC patients. Conclusion Our study suggests that FOXP3 polymorphism rs3761548 is associated with BC susceptibility in the Chinese and may be involved in tumor progression. Future studies are needed to confirm the results in a larger population with more races.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tielin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Breast Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Skarmoutsou E, Bevelacqua V, D' Amico F, Russo A, Spandidos DA, Scalisi A, Malaponte G, Guarneri C. FOXP3 expression is modulated by TGF‑β1/NOTCH1 pathway in human melanoma. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:392-404. [PMID: 29620159 PMCID: PMC5979787 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) transcription factor is expressed by immune cells and several human cancers and is associated with tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable clinical outcomes. NOTCH and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) protumorigenic effects are mediated by FOXP3 expression in several cancer models; however, their interaction and role in melanoma is unknown. We investigated TGF-β-induced FOXP3 gene expression during NOTCH1 signaling inactivation. Primary (WM35) and metastatic melanoma (A375 and A2058) cell lines and normal melanocytes (NHEM) were used. FOXP3 subcellular distribution was evaluated by immuno cytochemical analysis. Gene expression levels were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels were assessed by western blot analysis. The γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) was used for NOTCH1 inhibition and recombinant human (rh)TGF-β was used for melanoma cell stimulation. Cell proliferation and viability were respectively assessed by MTT and Trypan blue dye assays. FOXP3 mRNA and protein levels were progressively higher in WM35, A375 and A2058 cell lines compared to NHEM and their levels were further increased after stimulation with rh-TGF-β. TGF-β-mediated FOXP3 expression was mediated by NOTCH1 signaling. Inhibition of NOTCH1 with concomitant rh-TGF-β stimulation determined the reduction in gene expression and protein level of FOXP3. Finally, melanoma cell line proliferation and viability were reduced by NOTCH1 inhibition. The results show that nn increase in FOXP3 expression in metastatic melanoma cell lines is a potential marker of tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. NOTCH1 is a central mediator of TGF-β-mediated FOXP3 expression and NOTCH1 inhibition produces a significant reduction of melanoma cell proliferation and viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Skarmoutsou
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Bevelacqua
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio D' Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aurora Scalisi
- Unit of Oncologic Diseases, ASP‑Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Malaponte
- Research Unit of the Catania Section of the Italian League Against Cancer, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Usó M, Jantus-Lewintre E, Bremnes RM, Calabuig S, Blasco A, Pastor E, Borreda I, Molina-Pinelo S, Paz-Ares L, Guijarro R, Martorell M, Forteza J, Camps C, Sirera R. Analysis of the immune microenvironment in resected non-small cell lung cancer: the prognostic value of different T lymphocyte markers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52849-52861. [PMID: 27463005 PMCID: PMC5288153 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poor and heterogeneous and new biomarkers are needed. As the immune system plays a pivotal role in cancer, the study of immune-related markers may provide valuable prognostic information of NSCLC. In 122 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples from early-stage NSCLC, tumor and tumor-near stromal areas were microdissected and gene expression levels of conventional and regulatory T cell markers were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Also, the presence of infiltrating CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ cells in tumor samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The relative proportion of conventional and regulatory T cells present in the tumor environment was assessed and found to be key to understand the importance that the immune system analysis has in the prognostics of NSCLC patients. The presence of CD8+ cells in the tumor compartment was associated with better outcome, whereas the presence of FOXP3+ cells was associated with worse overall survival. The negative prognostic value of combined biomarkers, indicating high levels of FOXP3 in the stroma and low levels of CD4 or CD8 in tumors, was observed at mRNA level and was validated by immunohistochemistry.In conclusion, the proportion of T helper and cytotoxic cells vs. regulatory T cells in different locations of the tumor microenvironment have opposite prognostic impacts in resected NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Usó
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roy M Bremnes
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Silvia Calabuig
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Blasco
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Pastor
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Borreda
- Instituto Valenciano de Patología, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Unidad Mixta de Patología Molecular Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF)-Universidad Católica de Valencia (UCV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Guijarro
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Martorell
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Forteza
- Instituto Valenciano de Patología, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Unidad Mixta de Patología Molecular Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF)-Universidad Católica de Valencia (UCV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Sirera
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Huang G, Khan I, Li X, Chen L, Leong W, Ho LT, Hsiao WLW. Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in Apc Min/+ mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12552. [PMID: 28970547 PMCID: PMC5624945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) - as prebiotics - that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). Both the compounds improved the gut epithelium by promoting goblet and Paneth cells population and reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression. Mucosal immunity remodeled with increased in anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced in pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated mice. All these changes were correlating with the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. Whereas, the abundance of cancer cachexia associated bacteria, such as Dysgonomonas spp. and Helicobacter spp., was profoundly lower in Rb3/Rd-treated mice. In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Waikit Leong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Leung Tsun Ho
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - W L Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shi JY, Ma LJ, Zhang JW, Duan M, Ding ZB, Yang LX, Cao Y, Zhou J, Fan J, Zhang X, Zhao YJ, Wang XY, Gao Q. FOXP3 Is a HCC suppressor gene and Acts through regulating the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:648. [PMID: 28903735 PMCID: PMC5598072 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOXP3 has been discovered to be expressed in tumor cells and participate in the regulation of tumor behavior. Herein, we investigated the clinical relevance and biological significance of FOXP3 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Expression profile of FOXP3 was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence on HCC cell lines, and immunostaing of a tissue microarray containing of 240 primary HCC samples. The potential regulatory roles of FOXP3 were dissected by an integrated approach, combining biochemical assays, analysis of patient survival, genetic manipulation of HCC cell lines, mouse xenograft tumor models and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing. RESULTS FOXP3 was constitutively expressed in HCC cells with the existence of splice variants (especially exon 3 and 4 deleted, Δ3,4-FOXP3). High expression of FOXP3 significantly correlated with low serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level, absence of vascular invasion and early TNM stage. Survival analyses revealed that increased FOXP3 expression was significantly associated with better survival and reduced recurrence, and served as an independent prognosticator for HCC patients. Furthermore, FOXP3 could potently suppress the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and reduce tumor growth in vivo. However, Δ3,4-FOXP3 showed a significant reduction in the tumor-inhibiting effect. The inhibition of FOXP3 on HCC aggressiveness was acted probably by enhancing the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that FOXP3 suppresses tumor progression in HCC via TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, highlighting the role of FOXP3 as a prognostic factor and novel target for an optimal therapy against this fatal malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yi Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jie Ma
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Wei Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Duan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Bin Ding
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu-Xiao Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Won KY, Kim GY, Kim HK, Choi SI, Kim SH, Bae GE, Lim JU, Lim SJ. Tumoral FOXP3 expression is associated with favorable clinicopathological variables and good prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma: the tumor suppressor function of tumoral FOXP3 is related with the P21 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2017; 68:112-118. [PMID: 28882702 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The function and contribution of tumoral FOXP3 in gastric cancer development remain poorly understood. Thus, we studied the expression of tumoral FOXP3 and its relationship with the well-known tumor suppressor proteins P21 and P53 in gastric adenocarcinoma. The tissue microarray was constructed from 182 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. The immunohistochemistry was performed on 4-μm tissue sections from each tissue microarray block. We found that positive tumoral FOXP3 expression was significantly correlated with a lower T category, a lower N category, a lower recurrence rate, and less lymphatic invasion. Furthermore, the survival analysis revealed that the tumoral FOXP3-positive group had significantly increased overall survival and disease-free survival rates compared with the tumoral FOXP3-negative group. Additionally, P21 expression showed a significant positive correlation with tumoral FOXP3 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that tumoral FOXP3 expression is associated with favorable clinicopathological variables and good prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma through increased expression of the tumor suppression protein P21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeoun Won
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Gou Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Choi
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Eun Bae
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Uk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, 14754, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jig Lim
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bianco TM, Abdalla DR, Desidério CS, Thys S, Simoens C, Bogers JP, Murta EFC, Michelin MA. The influence of physical activity in the anti-tumor immune response in experimental breast tumor. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:148-158. [PMID: 28818640 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of physical activity in innate immunity to conduce to an effective antitumoral immune response analyzing the phenotype and activation status of infiltrating cells. We analysed the intracellular cytokines and the transcription factors of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) and spleen leukocytes. The Nos2 gene expression was evaluated in spleen cells and futhermore the ROS production was measured and spleen cells; another cell evaluated was dendritic cells (TIDCs), their cytokines expression and membrane molecules; finally to understood the results obtained, we analysed the dendritic cells obtained from bone marrow. Were used female Balb/c mice divided into 4 groups: two controls without tumor, sedentary (GI) and trained (GII) and two groups with tumor, sedentary (GIII) or trained (GIV). The physical activity (PA) was realized acoording swimming protocol. Tumor was induced by injection of 4T1 cells. All experiments were performed in biological triplicate. After the experimental period, the tumor was removed and the cells were identified by flow cytometry with labeling to CD4, CD8, CD11c, CD11b, CD80, CD86 and Ia, and intracelular staining IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, Tbet, GATA3, RORγt and FoxP3. The bone marrow of the animals was obtained to analyse the derivated DCs by flow cytometry and culture cells to obtain the supernatant to measure the cytokines. Our results demonstrated that the PA inhibit the tumoral growth although not to change the number of TILS, but reduced expression of GATA-3, ROR-γT, related with poor prognosis, and TNF-α intracellular; however occur one significantly reduction in TIDCS, but these cells expressed more co-stimulatory and presentation molecules. Furthermore, we observed that the induced PA stimulated the gene expression of Tbet and the production of inflammatory cytokines suggesting an increase of Th1 systemic response. The results evaluating the systemic influence in DCs showed that the PA improve significantly the number of those cells in bone marrow as well the number of co-stimulatory molecules. Therefore, we could conclude that PA influence the innate immunity by interfering to promote in process of maturation of DCs both in tumor and systemically, that by its turn promote a modification in acquired immune cells, representing by T helper to induce an important alteration transcription factors that are responsible to maintain a suppressive microenviroment, and thereby, allowing the latter cells can thus activate antitumor immune response. The PA was able improve the Th1 systemic response by enhance to Tbet gene expression, promote a slightly increased of Th1-type cytokines and decrease Gata3 and Foxp3 gene expression in which can inhibit the Th1 immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Bianco
- Oncology Research Institute (Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia-IPON), Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil
| | - Douglas R Abdalla
- Oncology Research Institute (Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia-IPON), Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil
| | - Chamberttan S Desidério
- Oncology Research Institute (Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia-IPON), Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil
| | - Sofie Thys
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cindy Simoens
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John-Paul Bogers
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eddie F C Murta
- Oncology Research Institute (IPON)/Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UFTM, Brazil
| | - Márcia A Michelin
- Oncology Research Institute (IPON)/Discipline of Immunology, UFTM, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Moreno Ayala MA, Gottardo MF, Imsen M, Asad AS, Bal de Kier Joffé E, Casares N, Lasarte JJ, Seilicovich A, Candolfi M. Therapeutic blockade of Foxp3 in experimental breast cancer models. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 166:393-405. [PMID: 28756536 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regulatory T cells (Tregs) impair the clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy. To optimize the antitumor efficacy of therapeutic dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, we aimed to inhibit Foxp3, a transcription factor required for Treg function. METHODS Mice bearing established syngeneic LM3 and 4T1 breast tumors were treated with antitumor DC vaccines and a synthetic peptide (P60) that has been shown to inhibit Foxp3. RESULTS Treatment with P60 improved the therapeutic efficacy of DC vaccines in these experimental models. In addition, monotherapy with P60 inhibited tumor growth in immunocompetent as well as in immuno-compromised animals bearing established tumors. We found expression of Foxp3 in human and murine breast tumor cells. P60 inhibited IL-10 secretion in breast cancer cells that expressed Foxp3. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Foxp3 blockade improves the therapeutic efficacy of DC vaccines by inhibition of Tregs and through a direct antitumor effect. This strategy could prove useful to neutralize the immunosuppressive microenvironment and to boost antitumor immunity in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela A Moreno Ayala
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Gottardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Imsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Antonela S Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Elisa Bal de Kier Joffé
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Área Investigación, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia Casares
- Program Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Avenida Pio XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Program Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Avenida Pio XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sun X, Feng Z, Wang Y, Qu Y, Gai Y. Expression of Foxp3 and its prognostic significance in colorectal cancer. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:201-206. [PMID: 28560891 PMCID: PMC5806801 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017710415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the expression and clinical significance of Foxp3 in colorectal tumor cells. An immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect the expression of Foxp3 in 173 cases of colorectal cancer. The relationship between the clinicopathological factors and the prognosis of colorectal cancer was analyzed. The rate of positive Foxp3 expression in tumor cells was 89.7%. There were no significant differences between cases with and without expression of Foxp3 with regard to sex, age, primary cancer sites, and distal metastasis. The expression of Foxp3 was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis and pathological tumor, node, metastasis (pTNM) stage in tumor cells (P < 0.05), which reflects the depth of invasion. Foxp3 expression also had a positive correlation with the degree of differentiation (P < 0.01). A high level of Foxp3 expression was observed more often in tumor cells compared to tumor-surrounding tissues (P = 0.003). High expression of Foxp3 was also associated with longer overall and disease-free survival (P ⩽ 0.001). Foxp3 expression in colorectal cancer cells correlates with many clinicopathological characteristics; moreover, high expression of Foxp3 may be a promising potential prognostic factor for patients with colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Sun
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhanjun Feng
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yunxuan Wang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Qu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yunzhu Gai
- 2 Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang X, Lang M, Zhao T, Feng X, Zheng C, Huang C, Hao J, Dong J, Luo L, Li X, Lan C, Yu W, Yu M, Yang S, Ren H. Cancer-FOXP3 directly activated CCL5 to recruit FOXP3 +Treg cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:3048-3058. [PMID: 27991933 PMCID: PMC5454319 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forkheadbox protein 3 (FOXP3), initially identified as a key transcription factor for regulatory T cells (Treg cells), was also expressed in many tumors including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, its role in PDAC progression remains elusive. In this study, we utilized 120 PDAC tissues after radical resection to detect cancer-FOXP3 and Treg cells by immunohistochemistry and evaluated clinical and pathological features of these patients. Cancer-FOXP3 was positively correlated with Treg cells accumulation in tumor tissues derived from PDAC patients. In addition, high cancer-FOXP3 expression was associated with increased tumor volumes and poor prognosis in PDAC especially combined with high levels of Treg cells. Overexpression of cancer-FOXP3 promoted the tumor growth in immunocompetent syngeneic mice but not in immunocompromised or Treg cell-depleted mice. Furthermore, CCL5 was directly trans-activated by cancer-FOXP3 and promoted the recruitment of Treg cells from peripheral blood to the tumor site in vitro and in vivo. This finding has been further reinforced by the evidence that Treg cells recruitment by cancer-FOXP3 was impaired by neutralization of CCL5, thereby inhibiting the growth of PDAC. In conclusion, cancer-FOXP3 serves as a prognostic biomarker and a crucial determinant of immunosuppressive microenvironment via recruiting Treg cells by directly trans-activating CCL5. Therefore, cancer-FOXP3 could be used to select patients with better response to CCL5/CCR5 blockade immunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL5/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL5/pharmacology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/genetics
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/physiology
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - M Lang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - T Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - X Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - C Zheng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - C Huang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - J Hao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - J Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - L Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, Hepingqu Gynaecology and Obsterics Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - X Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - C Lan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - W Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - M Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - S Yang
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - H Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Raeisi Shahraki H, Bemani P, Jalali M. Classification of Bladder Cancer Patients via Penalized Linear
Discriminant Analysis. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION : APJCP 2017; 18:1453-1457. [PMID: 28612601 PMCID: PMC5555561 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.5.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: In order to identify genes with the greatest contribution to bladder cancer, we proposed a sparse model
making the best discrimination from other patients. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 22 genes with a key role in
most cancers were considered in 21 bladder cancer patients and 14 participants of the same age (± 3 years) without
bladder cancer in Shiraz city, Southern Iran. Real time-PCR was carried out using SYBR Green and for each of the 22
target genes 2-Δct as a quantitative index of gene expression was reported. We determined the most affective genes for the
discriminant vector by applying penalized linear discriminant analysis using LASSO penalties. All the analyses were
performed using SPSS version 18 and the penalized LDA package in R.3.1.3 software. Results: Using penalized linear
discriminant analysis led to elimination of 13 less important genes. Considering the simultaneous effects of 22 genes
with important influence on many cancers, it was found that TGFβ, IL12A, Her2, MDM2, CTLA-4 and IL-23 genes
had the greatest contribution in classifying bladder cancer patients with the penalized linear discriminant vector. The
receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the proposed vector had good performance with minimal
(only 3) mis- classification. The area under the curve (AUC) of our proposed test was 96% (95% CI: 83%- 100%) and
sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 90.5%, 85.7%, 90.5% and 85.7%, respectively.
Conclusions: The penalized discriminant method can be considered as appropriate for classifying bladder cancer cases
and searching for important biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Raeisi Shahraki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li Y, Yang W, Wu B, Liu Y, Li D, Guo Y, Fu H, Li Y. KDM3A promotes inhibitory cytokines secretion by participating in TLR4 regulation of Foxp3 transcription in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3529-3537. [PMID: 28521455 PMCID: PMC5431314 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptors, a member of the Toll-like receptor family and it serves a role in innate and acquired immunity. It has previously been reported that TLR4 was overexpressed in a variety of tumor tissues and cells, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and ovarian cancer. In the tumor microenvironment, the TLR4 signaling pathway may be activated in order to upregulate forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression in regulatory T cells (Tregs), and thus enhance the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. Also, inflammatory cytokine release would be increased, which promotes tumor immune system evasion. Additionally, it has previously been reported that TLR4 activation may induce histone methylation changes at multiple sites. However, the effects of the alterations to histone methylation in the process of TLR4-associated tumor immune system evasion are not currently known. Histone methylation serves a critical role in regulating gene expression. Abnormal histone methylation is closely associated with tumor development and progression. In order to investigate the epigenetic mechanisms underlying Foxp3 regulation by TLR4, the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was used. In the present study, it was revealed that the expression level of H3K9me1/2 histone lysine demethylase 3A (KDM3A) was significantly increased following TLR 4 activation in the lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line, whereas silencing of KDM3A expression led to significantly reduced Foxp3 expression under TLR4 regulation. This result suggests that KDM3A participates in TLR4 regulation of Foxp3 transcription. Additional analysis revealed that during nuclear transport of Foxp3, KDM3A may directly bind to the Foxp3 promoter and activate its transcription. This results in increased secretion of Foxp3-downstream inhibitory cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 35 (IL-35) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which have immunosuppressive effects and ultimately facilitate the immune escape of lung cancer cells. From the results, the present study concluded that TLR4 activation promoted the expression of H3K9me1/2 demethylase KDM3A. KDM3A bound directly to the Foxp3 promoter and promoted Foxp3 transcription, thereby inducing the secretion of Foxp3-associated downstream inhibitory cytokines (TGF-β1, IL-35, and HO-1), ultimately facilitating the immune system evasion of lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Qingdao Center Medical Group, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dongbei Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yantong Guo
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Fu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chaudhary R, Lal A. Long noncoding RNAs in the p53 network. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27990773 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor protein p53 is activated in response to numerous cellular stresses including DNA damage. p53 functions primarily as a sequence-specific transcription factor that controls the expression of hundreds of protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). While the role of protein-coding genes and miRNAs in mediating the effects of p53 has been extensively studied, the physiological function and molecular mechanisms by which p53-regulated lncRNAs act is beginning to be understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies on lncRNAs that are directly or indirectly regulated by p53 and how they contribute to the biological outcomes of p53 activation. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1410. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1410 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Chaudhary
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|