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Wu N, Zheng W, Zhou Y, Tian Y, Tang M, Feng X, Ashrafizadeh M, Wang Y, Niu X, Tambuwala M, Wang L, Tergaonkar V, Sethi G, Klionsky D, Huang L, Gu M. Autophagy in aging-related diseases and cancer: Principles, regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102428. [PMID: 39038742 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is primarily accountable for the degradation of damaged organelles and toxic macromolecules in the cells. Regarding the essential function of autophagy for preserving cellular homeostasis, changes in, or dysfunction of, autophagy flux can lead to disease development. In the current paper, the complicated function of autophagy in aging-associated pathologies and cancer is evaluated, highlighting the underlying molecular mechanisms that can affect longevity and disease pathogenesis. As a natural biological process, a reduction in autophagy is observed with aging, resulting in an accumulation of cell damage and the development of different diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The MTOR, AMPK, and ATG proteins demonstrate changes during aging, and they are promising therapeutic targets. Insulin/IGF1, TOR, PKA, AKT/PKB, caloric restriction and mitochondrial respiration are vital for lifespan regulation and can modulate or have an interaction with autophagy. The specific types of autophagy, such as mitophagy that degrades mitochondria, can regulate aging by affecting these organelles and eliminating those mitochondria with genomic mutations. Autophagy and its specific types contribute to the regulation of carcinogenesis and they are able to dually enhance or decrease cancer progression. Cancer hallmarks, including proliferation, metastasis, therapy resistance and immune reactions, are tightly regulated by autophagy, supporting the conclusion that autophagy is a promising target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yundong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, No.5700 College Road, Lisle, IL 60532, USA; Research Center, the Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong 525200, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Xiaojia Niu
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Murtaza Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Daniel Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Li Huang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong 525200, China.
| | - Ming Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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Ning L, Xie N. SIRT3 Expression Predicts Overall Survival and Neoadjuvant Chemosensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:137-150. [PMID: 38476973 PMCID: PMC10929660 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s445248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Sirtuin (SIRT) family consists of seven evolutionary conserved NAD-dependent deacetylases that play important roles in various cancers, including breast cancer (BC). SIRTs expression has been reported to have prognostic value in BC, but these studies used limited sample size and yielded inconsistent conclusions. This study evaluated the association of SIRT3 and other SIRT family members with survival and neoadjuvant chemotherapy outcomes. Methods BC patients' data was obtained from the TCGA-BRCA, METABRIC and GEO databases, comprising 4336 samples. SIRTs expression and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression. SIRT3 expression levels were compared between pathologic complete response (pCR) and non-pCR groups after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore potential functions of SIRT3. Results Through systematic analysis of SIRTs expression and OS of BC using three independent cohorts: TCGA-BRCA, METABRIC and GSE16446, we found that high SIRT3 expression was significantly associated with worse OS in TNBC in the TCGA-BRCA cohort, which was validated in the METABRIC and GSE16446 cohorts. SIRT3 expression was correlated with BC subtypes and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T stage, but not with age-at-diagnosis, race, or tumor stage. Moreover, TNBC patients with higher SIRT3 expression had lower pCR rates after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 6.40e-03) and SIRT3 expression was significantly lower in the pCR group than in the non-pCR group in TNBC (p = 4.2e-03). GSEA indicated that SIRT3 was involved in drug-related pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and drug metabolism. Conclusion Our study suggests that SIRT3 is a potential biomarker for both OS and neoadjuvant chemosensitivity in TNBC. It may also assist in selecting suitable candidates and treatment options for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvwen Ning
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ni Xie
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Liu TW, Zhao YM, Jin KY, Wang JX, Zhao XF. KAT8 is upregulated and recruited to the promoter of Atg8 by FOXO to induce H4 acetylation for autophagy under 20-hydroxyecdysone regulation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105704. [PMID: 38309506 PMCID: PMC10904276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective gene expression in cells in physiological or pathological conditions is important for the growth and development of organisms. Acetylation of histone H4 at K16 (H4K16ac) catalyzed by histone acetyltransferase 8 (KAT8) is known to promote gene transcription; however, the regulation of KAT8 transcription and the mechanism by which KAT8 acetylates H4K16ac to promote specific gene expression are unclear. Using the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera as a model, we reveal that the transcription factor FOXO promotes KAT8 expression and recruits KAT8 to the promoter region of autophagy-related gene 8 (Atg8) to increase H4 acetylation at that location, enabling Atg8 transcription under the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) regulation. H4K16ac levels are increased in the midgut during metamorphosis, which is consistent with the expression profiles of KAT8 and ATG8. Knockdown of Kat8 using RNA interference results in delayed pupation and repression of midgut autophagy and decreases H4K16ac levels. Overexpression of KAT8-GFP promotes autophagy and increases H4K16ac levels. FOXO, KAT8, and H4K16ac colocalized at the FOXO-binding region to promote Atg8 transcription under 20E regulation. Acetylated FOXO at K180 and K183 catalyzed by KAT8 promotes gene transcription for autophagy. 20E via FOXO promotes Kat8 transcription. Knockdown or overexpression of FOXO appeared to give similar results as knockdown or overexpression of KAT8. Therefore, FOXO upregulates KAT8 expression and recruits KAT8 to the promoter region of Atg8, where the KAT8 induces H4 acetylation to promote Atg8 transcription for autophagy under 20E regulation. This study reveals the mechanism that KAT8 promotes transcription of a specific gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Wen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke-Yan Jin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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Zamani M, Mokarram P, Jamshidi M, Siri M, Ghasemi H. Molecular Modelling of Resveratrol Derivatives with SIRT1 for the Stimulation of Deacetylase Activity. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:943-954. [PMID: 37842901 DOI: 10.2174/0115734099258321231003161602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol is a polyphenol that is found in plants and has been proposed to have a potential therapeutic effect through the activation of SIRT1, which is a crucial member of the mammalian NAD+ -dependent deacetylases. However, how its activity is enhanced toward specific substrates by resveratrol derivatives has not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the types of interaction of resveratrol and its derivatives with SIRT1 as the target protein, as well as to find out the best ligand with the strangest interaction with SIRT1. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we employed the extensive molecular docking analysis using AutoDock Vina to comparatively evaluate the interactions of resveratrol derivatives (22 molecules from the ZINC database) as ligands with SIRT1 (PDB ID: 5BTR) as a receptor. The ChemDraw and Chem3D tools were used to prepare 3D structures of all ligands and energetically minimize them by the MM2 force field. RESULTS The molecular docking and visualizations showed that conformational change in resveratrol derivatives significantly influenced the parameter for docking results. Several types of interactions, including conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, Pi-donor hydrogen bonds, and Pi-Alkyl, were found via docking analysis of resveratrol derivatives and SIRT1 receptors. The possible activation effect of resveratrol 4'-(6-galloylglucoside) with ZINC ID: ZINC230079516 with higher binding energy score (-46.8608 kJ/mol) to the catalytic domain (CD) of SIRT1 was achieved at the maximum value for SIRT1, as compared to resveratrol and its other derivatives. CONCLUSION Finally, resveratrol 4'-(6-galloylglucoside), as a derivative for resveratrol, has stably interacted with the CD of SIRT1 and might be a potential effective activator for SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jamshidi
- Institute für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11,26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Ghasemi
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sun Y, Liu X, Tong H, Yin H, Li T, Zhu J, Chen J, Wu L, Zhang X, Gou X, He W. SIRT1 Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Bladder Cancer via Beclin1 Deacetylation-Mediated Autophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:125. [PMID: 38201552 PMCID: PMC10778480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-dependent cisplatin resistance poses a challenge in bladder cancer treatment. SIRT1, a protein deacetylase, is involved in autophagy regulation. However, the precise mechanism through which SIRT1 mediates cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer via autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we developed a cisplatin-resistant T24/DDP cell line to investigate this mechanism. The apoptosis rate and cell viability were assessed using flow cytometry and the CCK8 method. The expression levels of the relevant RNA and protein were determined using RT-qPCR and a Western blot analysis, respectively. Immunoprecipitation was utilized to validate the interaction between SIRT1 and Beclin1, as well as to determine the acetylation level of Beclin1. The findings indicated the successful construction of the T24/DDP cell line, which exhibited autophagy-dependent cisplatin resistance. Inhibiting autophagy significantly reduced the drug resistance index of these cells. The T24/DDP cell line showed a high SIRT1 expression level. The overexpression of SIRT1 activated autophagy, thereby further promoting cisplatin resistance in the T24/DDP cell line. Conversely, inhibiting autophagy counteracted the cisplatin-resistance-promoting effects of SIRT1. Silencing SIRT1 led to increased acetylation of Beclin1, the inhibition of autophagy, and a reduction in the cisplatin resistance of the T24/DDP cell line. Introducing a double mutation (lysine 430 and 437 to arginine, 2KR) in Beclin-1 inhibited acetylation and activated autophagy, effectively reversing the decreased cisplatin resistance resulting from SIRT1 silencing. In summary, our study elucidated that SIRT1 promotes cisplatin resistance in human bladder cancer T24 cells through Beclin1-deacetylation-mediated autophagy activation. These findings suggest a potential new strategy for reversing cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiyang He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (H.Y.); (T.L.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (X.G.)
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Chen H, Xing R, Yin X, Huang H. Activation of SIRT1 by hyperbaric oxygenation promotes recovery of motor dysfunction in spinal cord injury rats. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37982284 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2285707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy can improve locomotor dysfunction following spinal cord injury (SCI). Emerging evidence has demonstrated that sirtuin1 (SIRT1) exerts protective effects on neurons. However, whether HBO alleviates locomotor dysfunction by regulating SIRT1 is unclear. METHODS The traumatic SCI animal model was performed on the adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The Basso, Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale was used to evaluate the open-field locomotor function. Western blot, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, SIRT1 activity assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS We found that series HBO therapy significantly improved locomotor dysfunction and ameliorated the decreased mRNA, protein, and activity of spinal cord SIRT1 induced by traumatic SCI injury in rats. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 abolished the beneficial effects of series HBO treatment on locomotor deficits. Importantly, series HBO treatment following the traumatic SCI injury inhibited the inflammatory cascade and apoptosis-related protein, which was retained by EX-527 and enhanced by SRT1720. Furthermore, EX-527 blocked the enhanced induction of autophagy series with the HBO application. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated a new mechanism for series HBO therapy involving activation of SIRT1 and subsequent modulation of the inflammatory cascade, apoptosis, and autophagy, which contributed to the recovery of motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ranran Xing
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Division II, Neurology Specialty Hospital, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Yin
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Division II, Neurology Specialty Hospital, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huai Huang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Division II, Neurology Specialty Hospital, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Xiao H, Li Y. Hypoxia dissociates HDAC6/FOXO1 complex and aggregates them into nucleus to regulate autophagy and osteogenic differentiation. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1248-1260. [PMID: 37767803 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the periodontitis-associated bone loss, with particular emphasis on the contributory role of hypoxic microenvironment in this process. BACKGROUND Periodontitis generally causes alveolar bone loss and is often associated with a hypoxic microenvironment, which affects bone homeostasis. However, the regulating mechanism between hypoxia and jaw metabolism remains unclear. Hypoxia triggers autophagy, which is closely related to osteogenic differentiation, but how hypoxia-induced autophagy regulates bone metabolism is unknown. HDAC6 and FOXO1 are closely related to bone metabolism and autophagy, respectively, but whether they are related to hypoxia-induced bone loss and their internal mechanisms is still unclear. METHODS Established rat nasal obstruction model and hypoxia cell model. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression and localization of HDAC6 and FOXO1 proteins, analysis of autophagic flux and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the autophagy level and observe the autophagosomes, co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation were preformed to investigate the interaction of HDAC6 and FOXO1. RESULTS Hypoxia causes increased autophagy and reduced osteogenic differentiation in rat mandibles and BMSCs, and blocking autophagy can attenuate hypoxia-induced osteogenic differentiation decrease. Moreover, hypoxia dissociated the FOXO1-HDAC6 complex and accumulated them in the nucleus. Knocking down of FOXO1 or HDAC6 alleviated hypoxia-induced autophagy elevation or osteogenic differentiation reduction by binding to related genes, respectively. CONCLUSION Hypoxia causes mandibular bone loss and autophagy elevation. Mechanically, hypoxia dissociates the FOXO1-HDAC6 complex and aggregates them in the nucleus, whereas HDAC6 decreases osteogenic differentiation and FOXO1 enhances autophagy to inhibit osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xu
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongming Li
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Mohamed RA, Fakhr AE, Baioumy SA. Investigating Forkhead Box O Transcription Factor 1 Gene's Relation to Immunoglobulin E in House Dust Mite-Allergic Asthma Patients. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:532-545. [PMID: 37987301 PMCID: PMC10660720 DOI: 10.3390/arm91060039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM)-allergic asthma is an abnormal immune response to extrinsic aeroallergens found in human vicinities. Studying the role of the associated immunity biomarkers and their interplay helps in discovering novel therapeutic strategies that can be used in adjunct with effective long-term immunotherapy. This study investigates the total serum IgE, FoxO1, and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) gene expressions in HDM-allergic asthma patients. We enrolled 40 patients for each of the following three groups: an HV group of healthy volunteers and HDM/AA and HDM/SCIT groups of HDM-allergic asthma patients who did not and who did receive immunotherapy before recruitment in this study, respectively. The results elucidated that total IgE was strikingly elevated in the HDM/AA group and showed little decline in the HDM/SCIT group. Both FoxO1 and SIRT1 gene expressions showed the highest levels in the HDM/SCIT group. There was a negative correlation between total IgE and both FoxO1 and SIRT1 in the HDM/AA group while there was a positive correlation with SIRT1 in the HDM/SCIT group. In conclusion, the interplay of the three immunity biomarkers related to HDM-allergic asthma after the course of immunotherapy treatment suggests further, broader studies on the feasibility of their role as immunity biomarkers in the control and remission of HDM-allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A. Mohamed
- Department of Biology, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, P.O. Box 5888, Unaizah 56219, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig 44516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed ElSadek Fakhr
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44516, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.E.F.); (S.A.B.)
- Laboratory Pathology and Blood Bank, International Medical Center, P.O. Box 21589, Jeddah 23214, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereen A. Baioumy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44516, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.E.F.); (S.A.B.)
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Guo J, Xu J, Chen L, Chen Z, Hu H, Nie J, Yuan J, Ma L, Lu J, Ji H, Xu B. Role of SIRT2 in intestinal barrier under cold exposure. Life Sci 2023; 330:121949. [PMID: 37495079 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged cold exposure causes body stress and damages health. The intestinal environment is complex and variable, and direct contact with the external environment can easily cause stress, damage and even lead to diseases such as diarrhea. AIMS This study aimed to reveal the role of cold exposure on ileum damage and the role of SIRT2 in this process. MAIN METHODS C57BL6 mice and SIRT2 knockout mice were used to construct a chronic cold exposure model (21 days, random 4 °C exposure for 3 h per day), which was tested by various methods, including intestinal permeability assays, morphological assays, ultrastructural assays, western blotting, and fluorescence staining. In vitro assays were performed on the mouse small intestinal epithelial cell line MODE-K to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress, SIRT2 knockout, and autophagy on tight junctions. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that chronic cold exposure damaged the ileal epithelial barrier, with endoplasmic reticulum stress. Knockout of SIRT2 alleviates ileal injury via enhanced autophagy under cold exposure. And autophagy can restore the expression of ZO-1 under stress. SIGNIFICANCE This study can provide potential target and basic data for the treatment of IBD and other disorders of the intestinal barrier. Autophagy may be an important means of restoring damage to the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Leichong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Huijie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Junshu Nie
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jianbin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
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Wang Y, Li Y, Ding H, Li D, Shen W, Zhang X. The Current State of Research on Sirtuin-Mediated Autophagy in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:382. [PMID: 37754811 PMCID: PMC10531599 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins belong to the class III histone deacetylases and possess nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase activity. They are involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Autophagy is a crucial adaptive cellular response to stress stimuli. Mounting evidence suggests a strong correlation between Sirtuins and autophagy, potentially involving cross-regulation and crosstalk. Sirtuin-mediated autophagy plays a crucial regulatory role in some cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertension, heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and drug-induced myocardial damage. In this context, we summarize the research advancements pertaining to various Sirtuins involved in autophagy and the molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy. We also elucidate the biological function of Sirtuins across diverse cardiovascular diseases and further discuss the development of novel drugs that regulate Sirtuin-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730106, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China;
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China;
| | - Dan Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730106, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Wanxi Shen
- Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Qinghai University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China;
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11
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Poullet N, Devarieux O, Beramice D, Dantec L, Félicité Y, Feuillet D, Gourdine JL, Bambou JC. Comparative analysis of whole blood transcriptomics between European and local Caribbean pigs in response to feed restriction in a tropical climate. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:292. [PMID: 37254043 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feed restriction occurs frequently during pig growth, either due to economic reasons or stressful environmental conditions. Local breeds are suggested to have better tolerance to periods of feed restriction. However, the mechanisms underlying the response to feed restriction in different breeds is largely unknown. The aims of the present study were (1) to compare the blood transcriptome profile in response to feed restriction and refeeding of two contrasted breeds, Large White (LW), which has been selected for high performance, and Creole (CR), which is adapted to tropical conditions, and (2) to investigate the effect of a moderate feed restriction and refeeding on whole blood transcriptome. Analysis of blood transcriptome allows to study the response to feed restriction and refeeding in a dynamic way. RNAseq was performed on blood samples of growing LW and CR pigs at two time points: after 3 weeks of feed restriction and after 3 weeks of refeeding. The data was compared with samples from control animals offered the same diet on an ad libitum basis throughout the whole experiment. RESULTS In terms of performance (body weight and feed efficiency), CR pigs were less impacted by feed restriction than LW. The transcriptional response to feed restriction and refeeding between CR and LW was contrasted both in terms of number of DEGs and enriched pathways. CR demonstrated a stronger transcriptional response to feed restriction whereas LW had a stronger response to refeeding. Differences in the transcriptional response to feed restriction between CR and LW were related to cell stress response (Aldosterone Signalling, Protein ubiquitination, Unfolded Protein Signalling) whereas after refeeding, differences were linked to thermogenesis, metabolic pathways and cell proliferation (p38 MAPK, ERK/MAPK pathway). In both breeds, transcriptional changes related to the immune response were found after restriction and refeeding. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, the present study indicates that blood transcriptomics can be a useful tool to study differential genetic response to feed restriction in a dynamic way. The results indicate a differential response of blood gene expression to feed restriction and refeeding between breeds, affecting biological pathways that are in accordance with performance and thermoregulatory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaa Poullet
- ASSET, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), ²PTEA, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), 97170, France.
| | - Orianne Devarieux
- ASSET, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), ²PTEA, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), 97170, France
| | | | | | - Yoann Félicité
- ASSET, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), ²PTEA, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), 97170, France
| | - Dalila Feuillet
- ASSET, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), ²PTEA, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), 97170, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gourdine
- ASSET, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), ²PTEA, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), 97170, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Bambou
- ASSET, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), ²PTEA, INRAE, Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe), 97170, France
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12
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Zhao S, Liao J, Shen M, Li X, Wu M. Epigenetic dysregulation of autophagy in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: the underlying mechanisms for renoprotection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180866. [PMID: 37215112 PMCID: PMC10196246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SI-AKI), a common critically ill, represents one of the leading causes of global death. Emerging evidence reveals autophagy as a pivotal modulator of SI-AKI. Autophagy affects the cellular processes of renal lesions, including cell death, inflammation, and immune responses. Herein, we conducted a systematic and comprehensive review on the topic of the proposed roles of autophagy in SI-AKI. Forty-one relevant studies were finally included and further summarized and analyzed. This review revealed that a majority of included studies (24/41, 58.5%) showed an elevation of the autophagy level during SI-AKI, while 22% and 19.5% of the included studies reported an inhibition and an elevation at the early stage but a declination of renal autophagy in SI-AKI, respectively. Multiple intracellular signaling molecules and pathways targeting autophagy (e.g. mTOR, non-coding RNA, Sirtuins family, mitophagy, AMPK, ROS, NF-Kb, and Parkin) involved in the process of SI-AKI, exerting multiple biological effects on the kidney. Multiple treatment modalities (e.g. small molecule inhibitors, temsirolimus, rapamycin, polydatin, ascorbate, recombinant human erythropoietin, stem cells, Procyanidin B2, and dexmedetomidine) have been found to improve renal function, which may be attributed to the elevation of the autophagy level in SI-AKI. Though the exact roles of autophagy in SI-AKI have not been well elucidated, it may be implicated in preventing SI-AKI through various molecular pathways. Targeting the autophagy-associated proteins and pathways may hint towards a new prospective in the treatment of critically ill patients with SI-AKI, but more preclinical studies are still warranted to validate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizho, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maolei Shen
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizho, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizho, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Educational Administration Department, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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13
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Lu W, Ji H, Wu D. SIRT2 plays complex roles in neuroinflammation neuroimmunology-associated disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174180. [PMID: 37215138 PMCID: PMC10196137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology-associated disorders, including ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease, commonly cause severe neurologic function deficits, including bradypragia, hemiplegia, aphasia, and cognitive impairment, and the pathological mechanism is not completely clear. SIRT2, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, was proven to play an important and paradoxical role in regulating ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease. This review summarizes the comprehensive mechanism of the crucial pathological functions of SIRT2 in apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, neuroinflammation, and immune response. Elaborating on the mechanism by which SIRT2 participates in neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology-associated disorders is beneficial to discover novel effective drugs for diseases, varying from vascular disorders to neurodegenerative diseases.
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14
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Rimal S, Tantray I, Li Y, Pal Khaket T, Li Y, Bhurtel S, Li W, Zeng C, Lu B. Reverse electron transfer is activated during aging and contributes to aging and age-related disease. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55548. [PMID: 36794623 PMCID: PMC10074108 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the depletion of NAD+ and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging and age-related disorders remain poorly defined. We show that reverse electron transfer (RET) at mitochondrial complex I, which causes increased ROS production and NAD+ to NADH conversion and thus lowered NAD+ /NADH ratio, is active during aging. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of RET decreases ROS production and increases NAD+ /NADH ratio, extending the lifespan of normal flies. The lifespan-extending effect of RET inhibition is dependent on NAD+ -dependent Sirtuin, highlighting the importance of NAD+ /NADH rebalance, and on longevity-associated Foxo and autophagy pathways. RET and RET-induced ROS and NAD+ /NADH ratio changes are prominent in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model and fly models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of RET prevents the accumulation of faulty translation products resulting from inadequate ribosome-mediated quality control, rescues relevant disease phenotypes, and extends the lifespan of Drosophila and mouse AD models. Deregulated RET is therefore a conserved feature of aging, and inhibition of RET may open new therapeutic opportunities in the context of aging and age-related diseases including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Rimal
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Ishaq Tantray
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Yu Li
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | | | - Yanping Li
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Sunil Bhurtel
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | | | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
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15
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Zhang K, Sowers ML, Cherryhomes EI, Singh VK, Mishra A, Restrepo BI, Khan A, Jagannath C. Sirtuin-dependent metabolic and epigenetic regulation of macrophages during tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121495. [PMID: 36993975 PMCID: PMC10040548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the preeminent phagocytic cells which control multiple infections. Tuberculosis a leading cause of death in mankind and the causative organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects and persists in macrophages. Macrophages use reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and autophagy to kill and degrade microbes including MTB. Glucose metabolism regulates the macrophage-mediated antimicrobial mechanisms. Whereas glucose is essential for the growth of cells in immune cells, glucose metabolism and its downsteam metabolic pathways generate key mediators which are essential co-substrates for post-translational modifications of histone proteins, which in turn, epigenetically regulate gene expression. Herein, we describe the role of sirtuins which are NAD+-dependent histone histone/protein deacetylases during the epigenetic regulation of autophagy, the production of ROS/RNS, acetyl-CoA, NAD+, and S-adenosine methionine (SAM), and illustrate the cross-talk between immunometabolism and epigenetics on macrophage activation. We highlight sirtuins as emerging therapeutic targets for modifying immunometabolism to alter macrophage phenotype and antimicrobial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mark L. Sowers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ellie I. Cherryhomes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Vipul K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Blanca I. Restrepo
- University of Texas Health Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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16
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Gautam S, Zhang L, Lee C, Arnaoutova I, Chen HD, Resaz R, Eva A, Mansfield BC, Chou JY. Molecular mechanism underlying impaired hepatic autophagy in glycogen storage disease type Ib. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:262-275. [PMID: 35961004 PMCID: PMC10148728 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type Ib glycogen storage disease (GSD-Ib) is caused by a deficiency in the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) transporter (G6PT) that translocates G6P from the cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, where the intraluminal G6P is hydrolyzed to glucose by glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α). Clinically, GSD-Ib patients manifest a metabolic phenotype of impaired blood glucose homeostasis and a long-term risk of hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HCA/HCC). Studies have shown that autophagy deficiency contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, we show that G6PT deficiency leads to impaired hepatic autophagy evident from attenuated expression of many components of the autophagy network, decreased autophagosome formation and reduced autophagy flux. The G6PT-deficient liver displayed impaired sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, along with reduced expression of SIRT1, forkhead boxO3a (FoxO3a), liver kinase B-1 (LKB1) and the active p-AMPK. Importantly, we show that overexpression of either SIRT1 or LKB1 in G6PT-deficient liver restored autophagy and SIRT1/FoxO3a and LKB1/AMPK signaling. The hepatosteatosis in G6PT-deficient liver decreased SIRT1 expression. LKB1 overexpression reduced hepatic triglyceride levels, providing a potential link between LKB1/AMPK signaling upregulation and the increase in SIRT1 expression. In conclusion, downregulation of SIRT1/FoxO3a and LKB1/AMPK signaling underlies impaired hepatic autophagy which may contribute to HCA/HCC development in GSD-Ib. Understanding this mechanism may guide future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Gautam
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20802, USA
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20802, USA
| | - Cheol Lee
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20802, USA
| | - Irina Arnaoutova
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20802, USA
| | - Hung Dar Chen
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20802, USA
| | - Roberta Resaz
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Brian C Mansfield
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20802, USA
| | - Janice Y Chou
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20802, USA
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17
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Petrova IO, Smirnikhina SA. Studies on glycogen storage disease type 1a animal models: a brief perspective. Transgenic Res 2022; 31:593-606. [PMID: 36006546 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD1) is a rare hereditary monogenic disease characterized by the disturbed glucose metabolism. The most widespread variant of GSD1 is GSD1a, which is a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase-ɑ. Glucose-6-phosphatase-ɑ is expressed only in liver, kidney, and intestine, and these organs are primarily affected by its deficiency, and long-term complications of GSD1a include hepatic tumors and chronic liver disease. This article is a brief overview of existing animal models for GSD1a, from the first mouse model of 1996 to modern CRISPR/Cas9-generated ones. First whole-body murine models demonstrated exact metabolic symptoms of GSD1a, but the animals did not survive weaning. The protocol for glucose treatment allowed prolonged survival of affected animals, but long-term complications, such as hepatic tumorigenesis, could not be investigated. Next, organ-specific knockout models were developed, and most of the metabolic research was performed on liver glucose-6-phosphate-deficient mice. Naturally occuring mutation was also discovered in dogs. All these models are widely used to study GSD1a from metabolic and physiological standpoints and to develop possible treatments involving gene therapy. Research performed using these models helped elucidate the role of glycogen and lipid accumulation, hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy impairment in long-term complications of GSD1a, including hepatic tumorigenesis. Recently, gene replacement therapy and genome editing were tested on described models, and some of the developed approaches have reached clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina O Petrova
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye 1, Moscow, Russia, 115478.
| | - Svetlana A Smirnikhina
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye 1, Moscow, Russia, 115478
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18
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Ilic D, Magnussen HM, Tirard M. Stress - Regulation of SUMO conjugation and of other Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:38-50. [PMID: 34996712 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stress is unavoidable and essential to cellular and organismal evolution and failure to adapt or restore homeostasis can lead to severe diseases or even death. At the cellular level, stress drives a plethora of molecular changes, of which variations in the profile of protein post-translational modifications plays a key role in mediating the adaptative response of the genome and proteome to stress. In this context, post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin-like modifiers, (Ubl), notably SUMO, is an essential stress response mechanism. In this review, aiming to draw universal concepts of the Ubls stress response, we will decipher how stress alters the expression level, activity, specificity and/or localization of the proteins involved in the conjugation pathways of the various type-I Ubls, and how this result in the modification of particular Ubl targets that will translate an adaptive physiological stress response and allow cells to restore homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Ilic
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, D-79108 Freiburg; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen
| | - Helge M Magnussen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination Unit, Sir James Black Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Marilyn Tirard
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen.
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19
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Cao Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Lu J, Zhou W, Li X, Shi H, Xu B, Li S. O-GlcNAcylation of SIRT1 Protects against Cold Stress-Induced Skeletal Muscle Damage via Amelioration of Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314520. [PMID: 36498847 PMCID: PMC9737900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress disturbs cellular metabolic and energy homeostasis, which is one of the causes of stress-induced illnesses. O-GlcNAcylation is a nutrient-sensing pathway involved in a myriad of cellular processes. It plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis. Nevertheless, a specific sensing mechanism linking skeletal muscle to O-GlcNAcylation in cold stress is unknown. In this study, O-GlcNAcylation of SIRT1 was targeted to explore the mechanism of skeletal muscle adaptation to cold stress. Ogt mKO aggravated skeletal muscle fibrosis induced by cold stress. At the same time, Ogt gene deletion accelerated the homeostasis imbalance and oxidative stress of skeletal muscle mitochondria induced by cold stress. In vitro results showed that inhibition of SIRT1's O-GlcNAcylation accelerated mild hypothermia induced mitochondrial homeostasis in mouse myogenic cells (C2C12 cells). However, overexpression of SIRT1's O-GlcNAcylation improved the above phenomena. Thus, these results reveal a protective role of OGT-SIRT1 in skeletal muscle's adaptation to cold stress, and our findings will provide new avenues to combat stress-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ye Li
- Sheep Disease Laboratory, Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wanhui Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Shize Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (S.L.)
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20
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Lee J, Kim J, Lee JH, Choi YM, Choi H, Cho HD, Cha GH, Lee YH, Jo EK, Park BH, Yuk JM. SIRT1 Promotes Host Protective Immunity against Toxoplasma gondii by Controlling the FoxO-Autophagy Axis via the AMPK and PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13578. [PMID: 36362370 PMCID: PMC9654124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulates cellular processes by deacetylating non-histone targets, including transcription factors and intracellular signalling mediators; thus, its abnormal activation is closely linked to the pathophysiology of several diseases. However, its function in Toxoplasma gondii infection is unclear. We found that SIRT1 contributes to autophagy activation via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways, promoting anti-Toxoplasma responses. Myeloid-specific Sirt1-/- mice exhibited an increased cyst burden in brain tissue compared to wild-type mice following infection with the avirulent ME49 strain. Consistently, the intracellular survival of T. gondii was markedly increased in Sirt1-deficient bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). In contrast, the activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol resulted in not only the induction of autophagy but also a significantly increased anti-Toxoplasma effect. Notably, SIRT1 regulates the FoxO-autophagy axis in several human diseases. Importantly, the T. gondii-induced phosphorylation, acetylation, and cytosolic translocation of FoxO1 was enhanced in Sirt1-deficient BMDMs and the pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/AKT signalling reduced the cytosolic translocation of FoxO1 in BMDMs infected with T. gondii. Further, the CaMKK2-dependent AMPK signalling pathway is responsible for the effect of SIRT1 on the FoxO3a-autophagy axis and for its anti-Toxoplasma activity. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for SIRT1 in Toxoplasma infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Lee
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Yong Min Choi
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyeonil Choi
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hwan-Doo Cho
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Guang-Ho Cha
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Young-Ha Lee
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Yuk
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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21
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Liu H, Zhu L, Chen L, Li L. Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in atherosclerosis: A review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4080-4100. [PMID: 36029188 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the onset of endothelial cell damage and is characterized by abnormal accumulation of fibrinogen and lipid in large and middle arteries. Recent researches indicate that traditional Chinese medicine including Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Fructus Crataegi, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Fructus Lycii, and Coptidis Rhizoma have therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the pharmacological roles of these kinds of traditional Chinese medicine in atherosclerosis refer to endothelial function influences, cell proliferation and migration, platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, lipid metabolism, and the gut microbiome. Traditional Chinese medicine may serve as potential and effective anti-atherosclerosis drugs. However, a critical study has shown that Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma may also have toxic effects including pustules, fever, and elevate circulating neutrophil count. Further high-quality studies are still required to determine the clinical safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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22
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Cheng A, Zhang H, Chen B, Zheng S, Wang H, Shi Y, You S, Li M, Jiang L. Modulation of autophagy as a therapeutic strategy for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:902428. [PMID: 36093185 PMCID: PMC9448867 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.902428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infection is a severe health threat that endangers billions of people worldwide. T. gondii utilizes the host cell membrane to form a parasitophorous vacuole (PV), thereby fully isolating itself from the host cell cytoplasm and making intracellular clearance difficult. PV can be targeted and destroyed by autophagy. Autophagic targeting results in T. gondii killing via the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. However, T. gondii has developed many strategies to suppress autophagic targeting. Accordingly, the interplay between host cell autophagy and T. gondii is an emerging area with important practical implications. By promoting the canonical autophagy pathway or attenuating the suppression of autophagic targeting, autophagy can be effectively utilized in the development of novel therapeutic strategies against T gondii. Here, we have illustrated the complex interplay between host cell mediated autophagy and T. gondii. Different strategies to promote autophagy in order to target the parasite have been elucidated. Besides, we have analyzed some potential new drug molecules from the DrugBank database using bioinformatics tools, which can modulate autophagy. Various challenges and opportunities focusing autophagy mediated T. gondii clearance have been discussed, which will provide new insights for the development of novel drugs against the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huanan Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baike Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengyao Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yijia Shi
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyao You
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Jiang, ; Ming Li,
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Jiang, ; Ming Li,
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23
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Modulation of autophagy by melatonin via sirtuins in stroke: From mechanisms to therapies. Life Sci 2022; 307:120870. [PMID: 35948118 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins perform an important effect on the neural cell fate following stroke. Several mechanisms that have been correlated with stroke are oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Autophagy is usually regarded as unitary of the neural cell survival mechanisms. Recently, the importance of the sirtuins effect on autophagy by antioxidant agents for stroke treatment mentioned in various studies. One of these agents is melatonin. Melatonin can modulate autophagy by changing on sirtuin pathways. Melatonin and its metabolites adjust various sirtuins pathways related to apoptosis, proliferation, metastases, autophagy and inflammation in case of stroke. In this review, we will discuss about the modulation of autophagy by melatonin via sirtuins in stroke.
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24
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Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Vujovic P, Mladenovic A. The Less We Eat, the Longer We Live: Can Caloric Restriction Help Us Become Centenarians? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126546. [PMID: 35742989 PMCID: PMC9223351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Striving for longevity is neither a recent human desire nor a novel scientific field. The first article on this topic was published in 1838, when the average human life expectancy was approximately 40 years. Although nowadays people on average live almost as twice as long, we still (and perhaps more than ever) look for new ways to extend our lifespan. During this seemingly endless journey of discovering efficient methods to prolong life, humans were enthusiastic regarding several approaches, one of which is caloric restriction (CR). Where does CR, initially considered universally beneficial for extending both lifespan and health span, stand today? Does a lifelong decrease in food consumption represent one of the secrets of centenarians’ long and healthy life? Do we still believe that if we eat less, we will live longer? This review aims to summarize the current literature on CR as a potential life-prolonging intervention in humans and discusses metabolic pathways that underlie this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul.D. Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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25
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Hit evaluation results in 5-benzyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide based SIRT2-selective inhibitor with improved affinity and selectivity. Bioorg Chem 2022; 123:105746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Xie T, Yuan J, Mei L, Li P, Pan R. Luteolin suppresses TNF‑α‑induced inflammatory injury and senescence of nucleus pulposus cells via the Sirt6/NF‑κB pathway. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:469. [PMID: 35747154 PMCID: PMC9204575 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy flavone) is a flavonoid, which is widely distributed in various plants including flowers, vegetables, and medicinal herbs and spices. Luteolin can be applied in the treatment of various diseases due to its multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidative activity. However, its role in intervertebral disc degeneration has not been previously reported. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of luteolin on Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced inflammatory injury and senescence of human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs), as well as the underlying mechanisms of action of this compound. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and TUNEL staining, respectively. ELISA kits were applied to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the activity of telomerase. Senescence β-galactosidase staining was used to detect the activity levels of β-galactosidase in the cells. Cell transfection was performed to achieve interference of sirtuin 6 (Sirt6). The protein expression levels were detected by western blot analysis. TUNEL staining and western blot analysis were performed to assess the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins. The results indicated that TNF-α induced a significant decrease in HNPC viability and an increase in inflammatory factor levels, while the application of luteolin effectively increased cell viability and decreased intracellular interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression levels. Furthermore, luteolin decreased apoptosis compared with the TNF-α groups in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the results of the detection kits suggested that luteolin reversed TNF-α-induced senescence. Notably, interference with Sirt6 partially reduced the protective effect of luteolin on TNF-α-induced HNPC senescence via the Sirt6/NF-κB pathway. In summary, the data indicated that luteolin suppresses TNF-α-induced inflammatory injury and senescence of HNPCs via the Sirt6/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Ling Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Ruijie Pan
- College of Acupuncture and Bone Injury, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
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27
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Zhu X, Zou W, Meng X, Ji J, Wang X, Shu H, Chen Y, Pan D, Wang K, Zhou F. Elaiophylin Inhibits Tumorigenesis of Human Uveal Melanoma by Suppressing Mitophagy and Inducing Oxidative Stress via Modulating SIRT1/FoxO3a Signaling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:788496. [PMID: 35387119 PMCID: PMC8978265 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.788496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, which is associated with poor prognosis. Up to 50% of UM patients develop metastasis. Therapeutics that have proven effective in cutaneous melanoma have little success in treating UM, possibly due to its low mutational burden. Therefore, new drug therapies are highly desired for UM. Our in vitro studies showed that Elaiophylin, a late-stage autophagy inhibitor, exhibited an outstanding anticancer activity in human UM cell lines and human UM primary cells through suppressing mitophagy, inducing oxidative stress and leading to autophagic cell death. Our mechanistic study revealed that Elaiophylin exerted its effect by down-regulating SIRT1 and thus influencing deacetylation and mitochondrial localization of FoxO3a. In our confirmatory experiments, SRT1720, a SIRT1 specific activator, could attenuate Elaiophylin-induced inhibition of mitophagy and elevation of oxidative stress, and such effects was partly reversed by FoxO3a knockdown. Our further in vivo studies showed that Elaiophylin dramatically inhibited tumor growth in the human UM xenograft mouse model, which was accompanied with a decreased SIRT1 expression. Thus, the current study is the first to demonstrate that Elaiophylin has a potent anti-cancer effect against UM, which activity is possibly mediated through regulating SIRT1-FoxO3a signaling axis. And Elaiophylin may be a new and promising drug candidate to treat human UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinmin Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiali Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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28
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Mahmoudi A, Moadab F, Safdarian E, Navashenaq JG, Rezaee M, Gheibihayat SM. MicroRNAs and Efferocytosis: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2641-2660. [PMID: 35362375 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220330150937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
About 10-100 billion cells are generated in the human body in a day, and accordingly, 10-100 billion cells predominantly die for maintaining homeostasis. Dead cells generated by apoptosis are also rapidly engulfed by macrophages (Mθs) to be degraded. In case of the inefficient engulfment of apoptotic cells (ACs) via Mθs, they experience secondary necrosis and thus release intracellular materials, which display damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and result in diseases. Over the last decades, researchers have also reflected on the significant contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) to autoimmune diseases through the regulation of Mθs functions. Moreover, miRNAs have shown intricate involvement with completely adjusting basic Mθs functions, such as phagocytosis, inflammation, efferocytosis, tumor promotion, and tissue repair. In this review, the mechanism of efferocytosis containing "Find-Me", "Eat-Me", and "Digest-Me" signals is summarized and the biogenesis of miRNAs is briefly described. Finally, the role of miRNAs in efferocytosis is discussed. It is concluded that miRNAs represent promising treatments and diagnostic targets in impaired phagocytic clearance, which leads to different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of medical biotechnology and nanotechnology, faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical science, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moadab
- Medical student, Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Esmat Safdarian
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran;
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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29
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Silva RCMC, Ribeiro JS, da Silva GPD, da Costa LJ, Travassos LH. Autophagy Modulators in Coronavirus Diseases: A Double Strike in Viral Burden and Inflammation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:845368. [PMID: 35433503 PMCID: PMC9010404 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.845368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are the etiologic agents of several diseases. Coronaviruses of critical medical importance are characterized by highly inflammatory pathophysiology, involving severe pulmonary impairment and infection of multiple cell types within the body. Here, we discuss the interplay between coronaviruses and autophagy regarding virus life cycle, cell resistance, and inflammation, highlighting distinct mechanisms by which autophagy restrains inflammatory responses, especially those involved in coronavirus pathogenesis. We also address different autophagy modulators available and the rationale for drug repurposing as an attractive adjunctive therapy. We focused on pharmaceuticals being tested in clinical trials with distinct mechanisms but with autophagy as a common target. These autophagy modulators act in cell resistance to virus infection and immunomodulation, providing a double-strike to prevent or treat severe disease development and death from coronaviruses diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jhones Sousa Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Peixoto Duarte da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Jesus da Costa
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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30
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Nahata M, Fujitsuka N, Sekine H, Shimobori C, Ohbuchi K, Iizuka S, Mogami S, Ohnishi S, Takeda H. Decline in Liver Mitochondria Metabolic Function Is Restored by Hochuekkito Through Sirtuin 1 in Aged Mice With Malnutrition. Front Physiol 2022; 13:848960. [PMID: 35299665 PMCID: PMC8921682 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.848960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition impairs basic daily activities and leads to physical frailty, which is aggravated in the elderly compared with young adults. It is also well-known that the elderly are more vulnerable to metabolic stress. Therefore, in this study, using a food restricted (FR) mouse, we aimed to evaluate the effect of aging on locomotor activity and liver metabolic function. Further, we also investigated the involvement of hepatic mitochondria in liver metabolic function during aging, as well as the therapeutic benefit of the traditional Japanese medicine, hochuekkito (HET). Our findings indicated that following food restriction provided as 30% of ad libitum intake for 5 days, the locomotor activity was lower in 23–26-month-old (aged) mice than in 9-week-old (young) mice. Further, compared with young mice, aged mice exhibited significant decreases in the levels of metabolites related to the urea cycle, mitochondrial function, and anti-oxidative stress. The livers of the aged mice also showed a greater decrease in mitochondrial DNA copy number than young mice. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and mitochondrial biogenesis-related regulators were attenuated in aged mice. However, these changes were partially restored by HET treatment, which also improved locomotor activity, and combined treatment with alanine resulted in more significant effects in this regard. Therefore, our findings suggested that the decrease in locomotor activity in aged FR mice was associated with a decline in the metabolic function of hepatic mitochondria via decreased SIRT1 expression, which was restored by HET treatment. This implies that enhancing the metabolic function of liver mitochondria can contribute to alleviating energy deficiency in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Nahata
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitsuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Naoki Fujitsuka,
| | - Hitomi Sekine
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chika Shimobori
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiichi Iizuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sachiko Mogami
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Gastroenterology, Tokeidai Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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31
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McCarty MF. Nutraceutical and Dietary Strategies for Up-Regulating Macroautophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2054. [PMID: 35216170 PMCID: PMC8875972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a "cell cleansing" process that rids cells of protein aggregates and damaged organelles that may contribute to disease pathogenesis and the dysfunctions associated with aging. Measures which boost longevity and health span in rodents typically up-regulate macroautophagy, and it has often been suggested that safe strategies which can promote this process in humans may contribute to healthful aging. The kinase ULK1 serves as a trigger for autophagy initiation, and the transcription factors TFEB, FOXO1, ATF4 and CHOP promote expression of a number of proteins which mediate macroautophagy. Nutraceutical or dietary measures which stimulate AMPK, SIRT1, eIF5A, and that diminish the activities of AKT and mTORC1, can be expected to boost the activities of these pro-autophagic factors. The activity of AMPK can be stimulated with the phytochemical berberine. SIRT1 activation may be achieved with a range of agents, including ferulic acid, melatonin, urolithin A, N1-methylnicotinamide, nicotinamide riboside, and glucosamine; correction of ubiquinone deficiency may also be useful in this regard, as may dietary strategies such as time-restricted feeding or intermittent fasting. In the context of an age-related decrease in cellular polyamine levels, provision of exogenous spermidine can boost the hypusination reaction required for the appropriate post-translational modification of eIF5A. Low-protein plant-based diets could be expected to increase ATF4 and CHOP expression, while diminishing IGF-I-mediated activation of AKT and mTORC1. Hence, practical strategies for protecting health by up-regulating macroautophagy may be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
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32
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Sekar M, Thirumurugan K. Autophagy: a molecular switch to regulate adipogenesis and lipolysis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:727-742. [PMID: 35022960 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex epidemic disease caused by an imbalance of adipose tissue function that results in hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance which further develop into type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Adipose tissue is responsible for fat storage; white adipose tissue stores excess energy as fat for availability during starvation, whereas brown adipose tissue regulates thermogenesis through fat oxidation using uncoupling protein 1. However, hypertrophic fat storage results in inflammation and increase the chances for obesity which triggers autophagy genes and lipolytic enzymes to regulate lipid metabolism. Autophagy degrades cargo molecule with the help of lysosome and redistributes the energy back to the cell. Autophagy regulates adipocyte differentiation by modulating master regulators of adipogenesis. Adipogenesis is the process which stores excessive energy in the form of lipid droplets. Lipid droplets (LD) are dynamic cellular organelles that store toxic free-fatty acids into neutral triglycerides in adipose tissue. LD activates both lipolysis and lipophagy to degrade excess triglycerides. In obese tissue, autophagy is activated via pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by surplus fat stored in the adipose tissue. This review focused on the process of autophagy and adipogenesis and the transcription factors that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis in the adipose tissue. We have also discussed about the importance of autophagic regulation within adipose tissue which controls the onset of obesity and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouliganesh Sekar
- Structural Biology Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- Structural Biology Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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FOXO1 Is a Critical Switch Molecule for Autophagy and Apoptosis of Sow Endometrial Epithelial Cells Caused by Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:1172273. [PMID: 34970413 PMCID: PMC8714345 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1172273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in various reproductive diseases and can induce autophagy and apoptosis, which determine the different fates of cells. However, the sequence and the switch mechanism between autophagy and apoptosis are unclear. Here, we reported that chronic restraint stress (CRS) induced OS (decreased T-AOC, T-SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and increased MDA) and then disturbed the endocrine environment of sows during early pregnancy, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes. Meanwhile, after CRS, the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway was inhibited and attenuated the antioxidative ability to cause OS of the endometrium. The norepinephrine (NE) triggered β2-AR to activate the FOXO1/NF-κB pathway, which induced endometrial inflammation. CRS induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway and caused MAP1LC3-II accumulation, SQSTM1/p62 degradation, and autophagosome formation to initiate autophagy. Furthermore, in vitro, a cellular OS model was established by adding hydrogen peroxide into cells. Low OS maintained the viability of endometrial epithelial cells by triggering autophagy, while high OS induced cell death by initiating caspase-dependent apoptosis. Autophagy preceded the occurrence of apoptosis, which depended on the subcellular localization of FOXO1. In the low OS group, FOXO1 was exported from the nucleus to be modified into Ac-FOXO1 and bound to ATG7 in the cytoplasm, which promoted autophagy to protect cells. In the high OS group, FOXO1 located in the nucleus to promote transcription of proapoptotic proteins and then induce apoptosis. Here, FOXO1, as a redox sensor switch, regulated the transformation of cell autophagy and apoptosis. In summary, the posttranslational modification of FOXO1 may become the target of OS treatment.
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Liao FX, Huang F, Ma WG, Qin KP, Xu PF, Wu YF, Wang H, Chang J, Yin ZS. The New Role of Sirtuin1 in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes by Regulating Autophagy. Cartilage 2021; 13:1237S-1248S. [PMID: 31072129 PMCID: PMC8804807 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519847736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) in the regulation of autophagy for human osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. DESIGN All cartilage samples were collected from human donors, including young group, aged group, and OA group. Primary chondrocytes were isolated and cultured with Sirt1 activator or inhibitor. Sirt1 expression in cartilage tissue and chondrocytes was evaluated, and the deacetylation activity of Sirt1 was determined. The alteration of autophagy activity after upregulating or downregulating Sirt1 was detected. Chondrocytes were treated with autophagy activator and inhibitor, and then the protein level of Sirt1 was examined. The interactions between Sirt1 and autophagy-related proteins Atg7, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), and Beclin-1 were determined by using immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The assay of articular cartilage revealed that the expression of Sirt1 might be age-related: highly expressed in of younger people, and respectively decreased in the elderly people and OA patients. In vitro study was also validated this result. Further study confirmed that higher levels of Sirt1 significantly increased autophagy in aged chondrocytes, while the lower expression of Sirt1 reduced autophagy in young chondrocytes. Of note, the high levels of Sirt1 reduced autophagy in OA chondrocytes. When the chondrocytes were treated with autophagy activator or inhibitor, we found the expression of Sirt1 was not affected. In addition, we found that Sirt1 could interact with Atg7. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Sirt1 in human chondrocytes regulates autophagy by interacting with autophagy related Atg7, and Sirt1 may become a more important target in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Xue Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s
Republic of China,Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Wen-Guang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Kun-Peng Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Yun-Feng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Zong-Sheng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China,Zong-Sheng Yin, Department of Orthopaedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road,
Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China.
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Cardioprotective effect of MLN4924 on ameliorating autophagic flux impairment in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by Sirt1. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102114. [PMID: 34454165 PMCID: PMC8406034 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neddylation is essential for cardiomyocyte survival in the presence of oxidative stress, and it participates in autophagy regulation. However, whether MLN4924-an inhibitor of neddylation-exerts cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) remains unknown. In the present study, MLN4924 exerted strong cardioprotective effects, demonstrated by significantly elevated cell viability, a decreased LDH leakage rate, and improved cell morphology following H2O2-induced injury in vitro. MLN4924 also markedly decreased the serum myocardial zymogram level, ameliorated cardiac histopathological alterations, and alleviated left ventricular contractile dysfunction, thus limiting the cardiac infarct size in vivo compared with those in MI/R mice. Amazingly, such action of MLN4924 was abrogated by a combined treatment with the autophagic flux inhibitor, chloroquine. The mRFP-GFP-LC3 assay illustrated that MLN4924 restored the defective autophagic flux via enhancing the autolysosome formation. Notably, the expression levels of Rab7 and Atg5 were markedly up-regulated in MLN4924 treated cells and mice subjected to H2O2 or MI/R, respectively, while knockdown of Sirt1 in cells and heart tissue largely blocked such effect and induced autophagosome accumulation by inhibiting its fusion with lysosomes. Transmission electron microscopic analysis, histopathological assay and TUNEL detection of the heart tissues showed that the absence of Sirt1 blocked the cardioprotective effect of MLN4924 by further exacerbating the impaired autophagic flux during MI/R injury in vivo. Taken together, MLN4924 exhibited the strong cardioprotective action via restoring the impaired autophagic flux in H2O2-induced injury in vitro and in MI/R mice. Our work implicated that Sirt1 played a critical role in autophagosome clearance, likely through up-regulating Rab7 in MI/R.
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Sukuroglu MK, Gozelle M, Ozkan Y, Eren G. The potential of 4-aryl-6-morpholino-3(2H)-pyridazinone-2-arylpiperazinylacetamide as a new scaffold for SIRT2 inhibition: in silico approach guided by pharmacophore mapping and molecular docking. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang Y, Chang J, Wang ZQ, Li Y. Sirt3 promotes the autophagy of HK‑2 human proximal tubular epithelial cells via the inhibition of Notch‑1/Hes‑1 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:634. [PMID: 34278469 PMCID: PMC8281085 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a predominant cause of end-stage renal disease. The impairment of the autophagy of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) is involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of DN. Sirtuin (Sirt)3 regulates the scavenging of damaged organelles and maintains energy balance. The present study aimed to examine the protective effects of Sirt3 on HK-2 cells stimulated by high glucose (HG). HK-2 cells were cultured in normal glucose (NG), HG or hyperosmotic medium. The viability of the HK-2 cells was detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression and localization of Sirt3 were detected via immunofluorescence. Following transfection with an overexpression plasmid, the expression levels of key components in the Notch homolog 1 (Notch-1)/hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes-1) pathway and those of the autophagy-related proteins, Beclin-1, LC-3II and p62, were measured by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). As the Notch-1/Hes-1 pathway was inhibited, the expression levels of Beclin-1, LC-3II and p62 were also examined at transcriptional and translational level. It was found that prolonged culture in HG medium markedly reduced cell viability compared with the cells cultured in NG or in NG + mannitol, an effect that was aggravated with the increasing duration of culture. HG was capable of inhibiting the expression levels of Beclin-1, LC-3II and Sirt3, and upregulating p62 and the Notch-1/Hes-1 pathway, as verified by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. The results of immunofluorescence staining revealed that HG decreased Sirt3 expression. Sirt3 reversed the HG-induced inhibition of the expression of Beclin-1 and LC-3II and the upregulation of p62. Moreover, Sirt3 reversed the HG-induced inhibition of the Notch-1/Hes-1 signaling pathway. However, this autophagy-promoting effect of Sirt3 was counteracted by the Notch-1/Hes-1 pathway activator. On the whole, the present study demonstrated that Sirt3 promoted the autophagy of HK-2 cells, at least partly, via the downregulation of Notch-1/Hes-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Bayan Nur Hospital, Bayan Nur, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 015000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Wang H, Li J, Huang R, Fang L, Yu S. SIRT4 and SIRT6 Serve as Novel Prognostic Biomarkers With Competitive Functions in Serous Ovarian Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:666630. [PMID: 34335684 PMCID: PMC8320514 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) that include seven members and are widely expressed in mammals. Accumulating evidence shows that sirtuins may have contradictory roles in various malignancies. They mainly participate in metabolic homeostasis, DNA damage repair, cell survival, and differentiation, as well as other cancer-related biological processes. To better understand their prognostic role and biological functions, we used comprehensive bioinformatic analyses to demonstrate the expression and mutation of sirtuin family member genes in ovarian cancer (OC), with a detailed focus on prognostic prediction, including the effectiveness of anti-OC drugs. Furthermore, the co-expression genes of SIRT4 and SIRT6 with contradictory survival prediction values in both overall and progression-free survival (PFS) times were further analyzed through Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia annotation. Additionally, we performed and obtained the immunohistochemical staining patterns of these two biomarkers from the serous OC patient database and clinical patient samples to demonstrate their potential applicability in clinical pathology. According to our findings, SIRT4 and SIRT6 are novel prognostic biomarkers that may serve as contradictory competitors for OC cell survival. They are also sensitive biomarkers for the prediction of Avastin's anticancer effect. While SIRT4 is related to the immune response during oocyte maturation, SIRT6 participates in immune-related disease pathways and mitochondrial metabolism-mediated DNA translation. These findings contribute to the novel hypothesis that SIRT4 and SIRT6 act as contradictory competitors in the regulation of OC behavior. Further studies are required to validate our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihuan Wang
- Department of Computer Science, School of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Gautam S, Zhang L, Arnaoutova I, Lee C, Mansfield BC, Chou JY. The signaling pathways implicated in impairment of hepatic autophagy in glycogen storage disease type Ia. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:834-844. [PMID: 31961433 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC) deficiency in glycogen storage disease type-Ia (GSD-Ia) leads to impaired hepatic autophagy, a recycling process important for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Autophagy can be regulated by several energy sensing pathways, including sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), forkhead box O (FoxO), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Using 10-day old global G6pc-deficient (G6pc-/-) mice, hepatic autophagy impairment was attributed to activation of mTOR and inhibition of AMPK signaling. In other studies, using adult liver-specific G6pc-deficient mice at both pre-tumor and tumor stages, hepatic autophagy impairment was attributed to downregulation of SIRT1 signaling and mTOR was not implicated. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of the major autophagy pathways in young G6pc-/- mice over the first 4 weeks of life. We show that impaired SIRT1, FoxO3a, AMPK, and PPAR-α signaling are responsible for autophagy impairment but mTOR is involved minimally. Hepatic SIRT1 overexpression corrects defective autophagy, restores the expression of FoxO3a and liver kinase B1 but fails to normalize impaired PPAR-α expression or metabolic abnormalities associated with GSD-Ia. Importantly, restoration of hepatic G6Pase-α expression in G6pc-/- mice corrects defective autophagy, restores SIRT1/FoxO3a/AMPK/PPAR-α signaling and rectifies metabolic abnormalities. Taken together, these data show that hepatic autophagy impairment in GSD-Ia is mediated by downregulation of SIRT1/FoxO3a/AMPK/PPAR-α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Gautam
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Irina Arnaoutova
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Cheol Lee
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Brian C Mansfield
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.,Foundation Fighting Blindness, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Janice Y Chou
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
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Contextualizing Autophagy during Gametogenesis and Preimplantation Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126313. [PMID: 34204653 PMCID: PMC8231133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals face environmental stressors throughout their lifespan, which may jeopardize cellular homeostasis. Hence, these organisms have acquired mechanisms to cope with stressors by sensing, repairing the damage, and reallocating resources to increase the odds of long-term survival. Autophagy is a pro-survival lysosome-mediated cytoplasm degradation pathway for organelle and macromolecule recycling. Furthermore, autophagy efflux increases, and this pathway becomes idiosyncratic depending upon developmental and environmental contexts. Mammalian germ cells and preimplantation embryos are attractive models for dissecting autophagy due to their metastable phenotypes during differentiation and exposure to varying environmental cues. The aim of this review is to explore autophagy during mammalian gametogenesis, fertilization and preimplantation embryonic development by contemplating its physiological role during development, under key stressors, and within the scope of assisted reproduction technologies.
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p27 controls autophagic vesicle trafficking in glucose-deprived cells via the regulation of ATAT1-mediated microtubule acetylation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:481. [PMID: 33986251 PMCID: PMC8119952 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 (p27) has been involved in promoting autophagy and survival in conditions of metabolic stress. While the signaling cascade upstream of p27 leading to its cytoplasmic localization and autophagy induction has been extensively studied, how p27 stimulates the autophagic process remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which p27 promotes autophagy upon glucose deprivation. Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking p27 exhibit a decreased autophagy flux compared to wild-type cells and this is correlated with an abnormal distribution of autophagosomes. Indeed, while autophagosomes are mainly located in the perinuclear area in wild-type cells, they are distributed throughout the cytoplasm in p27-null MEFs. Autophagosome trafficking towards the perinuclear area, where most lysosomes reside, is critical for autophagosome–lysosome fusion and cargo degradation. Vesicle trafficking is mediated by motor proteins, themselves recruited preferentially to acetylated microtubules, and autophagy flux is directly correlated to microtubule acetylation levels. p27−/− MEFs exhibit a marked reduction in microtubule acetylation levels and restoring microtubule acetylation in these cells, either by re-expressing p27 or with deacetylase inhibitors, restores perinuclear positioning of autophagosomes and autophagy flux. Finally, we find that p27 promotes microtubule acetylation by binding to and stabilizing α-tubulin acetyltransferase (ATAT1) in glucose-deprived cells. ATAT1 knockdown results in random distribution of autophagosomes in p27+/+ MEFs and impaired autophagy flux, similar to that observed in p27−/− cells. Overall, in response to glucose starvation, p27 promotes autophagy by facilitating autophagosome trafficking along microtubule tracks by maintaining elevated microtubule acetylation via an ATAT1-dependent mechanism.
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Wu K, Chen GH, Hogstrand C, Ling SC, Wu LX, Luo Z. Methionine-chelated Zn promotes anabolism by integrating mTOR signal and autophagy pathway in juvenile yellow catfish. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 65:126732. [PMID: 33607355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid-chelated zinc (Zn) can increase anabolism of animals. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We aimed to examine how autophagy impact anabolism following a diet containing methionine-chelated Zn (ZnMet) compared with inorganic Zn (ZnSO4). METHODS Yellow catfish (weight: 4.02 ± 0.08 g) were fed two diets containing ZnSO4 or ZnMet for 8 wk. The differences in transcriptional responses and corresponding biological profiles were compared between the livers of fish fed the two Zn sources of diets. Hepatocytes of yellow catfish were incubated for 48 h in medium containing ZnSO4 (10 μM ZnSO4) or ZnMet (10 μM ZnMet) after 2 h pretreated with or without pathway inhibitors. Intracellular Zn, TG and protein contents, lipid droplet and autophagic vesicles were detected. Ultrastructural observation, enzymatic activities, qPCR assays, western blot and immunofluorescence analysis were conducted. RESULTS ZnMet up-regulated the expression of genes associated with anabolism and autophagy. The differentially expressed genes (DEG) analysis indicated that both mTOR and autophagy pathways were activated. ZnMet-induced activation of autophagy was mTOR-independent. In this process, forkhead box class O was deacetylated and activated, and induced autophagy, which provided substrates for energy generation. CONCLUSIONS ZnMet increased anabolism through integrating mTOR signal and autophagy pathway in yellow catfish. The present study unravels a novel mechanism for amino acid-chelated minerals improving anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Shi-Cheng Ling
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li-Xiang Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Niture S, Lin M, Rios-Colon L, Qi Q, Moore JT, Kumar D. Emerging Roles of Impaired Autophagy in Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Hepatol 2021; 2021:6675762. [PMID: 33976943 PMCID: PMC8083829 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6675762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that eliminates dysfunctional cytosolic biomolecules through vacuole-mediated sequestration and lysosomal degradation. Although the molecular mechanisms that regulate autophagy are not fully understood, recent work indicates that dysfunctional/impaired autophagic functions are associated with the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Autophagy prevents NAFLD and AFLD progression through enhanced lipid catabolism and decreasing hepatic steatosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides and increased inflammation. However, as both diseases progress, autophagy can become impaired leading to exacerbation of both pathological conditions and progression into HCC. Due to the significance of impaired autophagy in these diseases, there is increased interest in studying pathways and targets involved in maintaining efficient autophagic functions as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize how impaired autophagy affects liver function and contributes to NAFLD, AFLD, and HCC progression. We will also explore how recent discoveries could provide novel therapeutic opportunities to effectively treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Minghui Lin
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China 750021
| | - Leslimar Rios-Colon
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Qi Qi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - John T. Moore
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Li X, Liu L, Li T, Liu M, Wang Y, Ma H, Mu N, Wang H. SIRT6 in Senescence and Aging-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641315. [PMID: 33855020 PMCID: PMC8039379 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 belongs to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases and has established diverse roles in aging, metabolism and disease. Its function is similar to the Silent Information Regulator 2 (SIR2), which prolongs lifespan and regulates genomic stability, telomere integrity, transcription, and DNA repair. It has been demonstrated that increasing the sirtuin level through genetic manipulation extends the lifespan of yeast, nematodes and flies. Deficiency of SIRT6 induces chronic inflammation, autophagy disorder and telomere instability. Also, these cellular processes can lead to the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as atherosclerosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Herein, we discuss the implications of SIRT6 regulates multiple cellular processes in cell senescence and aging-related CVDs, and we summarize clinical application of SIRT6 agonists and possible therapeutic interventions in aging-related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Department of Cardiology, China Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Manling Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yishi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Mu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Sun B, Zhai S, Zhang L, Sun G. The role of extracellular vesicles in podocyte autophagy in kidney disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:299-316. [PMID: 33619681 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are the key cells involved in protein filtration in the glomerulus. Once proteins appear in the urine when podocytes fail, patients will end with renal failure due to the progression of glomerular damage if no proper treatment is applied. The injury and loss of podocytes can be attributed to diverse factors, such as genetic, immunologic, toxic, or metabolic disorders. Recently, autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism to eliminate the unwanted cytoplasmic materials and to prolong the lifespan of podocytes by alleviating cell damage and stress. Typically, the fundamental function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is to mediate the intercellular communication. Recent studies have suggested that, EVs, especially exosomes, play a certain role in information transfer by communicating proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs with recipient cells. Under physiological and pathological conditions, EVs assist in the bioinformation interchange between kidneys and other organs. It is suggested that EVs are related to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including glomerular disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal fibrosis and end-stage renal disease. However, the role of EVs in podocyte autophagy remains unclear so far. Here, this study integrated the existing information about the relevancy, diagnostic value and therapeutic potential of EVs in a variety of podocytes-related diseases. The accumulating evidence highlighted that autophagy played a critical role in the homeostasis of podocytes in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubo Zhai
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangdong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Iqbal IK, Bajeli S, Sahu S, Bhat SA, Kumar A. Hydrogen sulfide-induced GAPDH sulfhydration disrupts the CCAR2-SIRT1 interaction to initiate autophagy. Autophagy 2021; 17:3511-3529. [PMID: 33459133 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1876342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The deacetylase SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) has emerged as a major regulator of nucleocytoplasmic distribution of macroautophagy/autophagy marker MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3). Activation of SIRT1 leads to the deacetylation of LC3 and its translocation from the nucleus into the cytoplasm leading to an increase in the autophagy flux. Notably, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a cytoprotective gasotransmitter known to activate SIRT1 and autophagy; however, the underlying mechanism for both remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that H2S sulfhydrates the active site cysteine of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). Sulfhydration of GAPDH leads to its redistribution into the nucleus. Importantly, nuclear localization of GAPDH is critical for H2S-mediated activation of autophagy as H2S does not induce autophagy in cells with GAPDH ablation or cells overexpressing a GAPDH mutant lacking the active site cysteine. Importantly, we observed that nuclear GAPDH interacts with CCAR2/DBC1 (cell cycle activator a nd apoptosis regulator 2) inside the nucleus. CCAR2 interacts with the deacetylase SIRT1 to inhibit its activity. Interaction of GAPDH with CCAR2 disrupts the inhibitory effect of CCAR2 on SIRT1. Activated SIRT1 then deacetylates MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) to induce its translocation into the cytoplasm and activate autophagy. Additionally, we demonstrate this pathway's physiological role in autophagy-mediated trafficking of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into lysosomes to restrict intracellular mycobacteria growth. We think that the pathway described here could be involved in H2S-mediated clearance of intracellular pathogens and other health benefits.Abbreviations: ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; CCAR2/DBC1: cell cycle activator and apoptosis regulator 2; CFU: colony-forming units; DLG4/PSD95: discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4; EX-527: 6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; H2S: hydrogen sulfide; HEK: human embryonic kidney cells; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MOI: multiplicity of infection; NO: nitric oxide; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase; PLA: proximity ligation assay; PRKAA: protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha catalytic subunit; SIAH1: siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1A; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; TB: tuberculosis; TP53INP2/DOR: transformation related protein 53 inducible nuclear protein 2; TRP53/TP53: transformation related protein 53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Khan Iqbal
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sapna Bajeli
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shivani Sahu
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shabir Ahmad Bhat
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Cho JH, Weinstein DA, Lee YM. Emerging roles of autophagy in hepatic tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies in glycogen storage disease type Ia: A review. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:118-128. [PMID: 32474930 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC) which plays a critical role in blood glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate in the terminal step of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Patients with GSD-Ia manifest life-threatening fasting hypoglycemia along with the excessive accumulation of hepatic glycogen and triglycerides which results in hepatomegaly and a risk of long-term complications such as hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma (HCA/HCC). The etiology of HCA/HCC development in GSD-Ia, however, is unknown. Recent studies have shown that the livers in model animals of GSD-Ia display impairment of autophagy, a cellular recycling process which is critical for energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis. However, molecular mechanisms of autophagy impairment and its involvement in pathogenesis in GSD-Ia are still under investigation. Here, we summarize the latest advances for signaling pathways implicated in hepatic autophagy impairment and the roles of autophagy in hepatic tumorigenesis in GSD-Ia. In addition, recent evidence has illustrated that autophagy plays an important role in hepatic metabolism and liver-directed gene therapy mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). Therefore, we highlight the possible role of hepatic autophagy in metabolic control and rAAV-mediated gene therapy for GSD-Ia. In this review, we also provide potential therapeutic strategies for GSD-Ia on the basis of molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic autophagy impairment in GSD-Ia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Cho
- Glycogen Storage Disease Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - David A Weinstein
- Glycogen Storage Disease Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Glycogen Storage Disease Program, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Young Mok Lee
- Glycogen Storage Disease Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries represent a challenging medical problem. Although the skeletal muscle is able to regenerate and recover after injury, the process engaged with conservative therapy can be inefficient, leading to a high re-injury rate. In addition, the formation of scar tissue implies an alteration of mechanical properties in muscle. There is still a need for new treatments of the injured muscle. NeuroHeal may be one option. Published studies demonstrated that it reduces muscle atrophy due to denervation and disuse. The main objective of the present work was to assess the potential of NeuroHeal to improve muscle regeneration after traumatic injury. Secondary objectives included characterizing the effect of NeuroHeal treatment on satellite cell biology. We used a rat model of sport-induced injury in the gastrocnemius and analyzed the effects of NeuroHeal on functional recovery by means of electrophysiology and tetanic force analysis. These studies were accompanied by immunohistochemistry of the injured muscle to analyze fibrosis, satellite cell state, and fiber type. In addition, we used an in vitro model to determine the effect of NeuroHeal on myoblast biology and partially decipher its mechanism of action. The results showed that NeuroHeal treatment advanced muscle fiber recovery after injury in a preclinical model of muscle injury, and significantly reduced the formation of scar tissue. In vitro, we observed that NeuroHeal accelerated the formation of myotubes. The results pave the way for novel therapeutic avenues for muscle/tendinous disorders.
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Pignatti C, D’Adamo S, Stefanelli C, Flamigni F, Cetrullo S. Nutrients and Pathways that Regulate Health Span and Life Span. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5040095. [PMID: 33228041 PMCID: PMC7709628 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both life span and health span are influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. With the genetic influence on human life span estimated to be about 20–25%, epigenetic changes play an important role in modulating individual health status and aging. Thus, a main part of life expectance and healthy aging is determined by dietary habits and nutritional factors. Excessive or restricted food consumption have direct effects on health status. Moreover, some dietary interventions including a reduced intake of dietary calories without malnutrition, or a restriction of specific dietary component may promote health benefits and decrease the incidence of aging-related comorbidities, thus representing intriguing potential approaches to improve healthy aging. However, the relationship between nutrition, health and aging is still not fully understood as well as the mechanisms by which nutrients and nutritional status may affect health span and longevity in model organisms. The broad effect of different nutritional conditions on health span and longevity occurs through multiple mechanisms that involve evolutionary conserved nutrient-sensing pathways in tissues and organs. These pathways interacting each other include the evolutionary conserved key regulators mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway and sirtuins. In this review we provide a summary of the main molecular mechanisms by which different nutritional conditions, i.e., specific nutrient abundance or restriction, may affect health span and life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pignatti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Stefania D’Adamo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-1241
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Kumari M, Sahni G, Datta S. Development of Site-Specific PEGylated Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor With Prolonged Biological Activity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:572077. [PMID: 33330413 PMCID: PMC7710547 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.572077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, amino-terminal PEGylated human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (huG-CSF) is used to prevent and treat neutropenia. Although huG-CSF has been used as a drug for more than 20 years, it has three significant drawbacks: (i) it relies on PEG aldehyde for PEGylation of the alpha-amino group of the first amino acid, and this leads to non-specific PEGylation of the epsilon amino group of lysine residues within the G-CSF; (ii) longer-acting G-CSF variants are desirable to reduce the risk of chemotherapy-associated neutropenia; and (iii) G-CSF cannot be administered on the day of chemotherapy. In an attempt to overcome the above drawbacks, we engineered cysteine variants of G-CSF to facilitate the maleimide PEG-based site-specific PEGylation that leads to a highly homogenous PEGylated product. Importantly, we have demonstrated that 20 kDa thiol-reactive PEG conjugated by maleimide chemistry to the Cys2 G-CSF variant exhibits leukocyte proliferative activity similar to that of the commercially available G-CSF conjugated with aldehyde PEG in a neutropenia mice model. Moreover, we have demonstrated that PEGylation of the cysteine variant of huG-CSF with higher molecular weight PEGs, such as 30 kDa PEG and 40 kDa PEG, leads to significantly prolonged leukocyte proliferation activity compared to the variant conjugated with 20 kDa PEG. Importantly, even a half-dose of the engineered variant conjugated with 40 kDa PEG exhibited significantly longer biological activity than the commercially available 20 kDa PEGylated huG-CSF. Finally, we have demonstrated that administration of the engineered variant conjugated with 40 kDa PEG on the day of administration of cyclophosphamide for inducing neutropenia in mice can alleviate neutropenia through leukocyte proliferation. In summary, this study provides the design of site-specific PEGylated huG-CSF variants with improved therapeutic potential. It opens the possibility of long-acting and same-day prophylactic administration of G-CSF after chemotherapy drug regimens. These results may pave the way for the development of potential G-CSF derivatives possessing longer half-lives and favorable clinical attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kumari
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Girish Sahni
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonal Datta
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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