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Wilson SE. Topical Losartan: Practical Guidance for Clinical Trials in the Prevention and Treatment of Corneal Scarring Fibrosis and Other Eye Diseases and Disorders. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:191-206. [PMID: 36877777 PMCID: PMC10079252 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that impedes transforming growth factor (TGF) beta signaling by inhibiting activation of signal transduction molecule extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Studies supported the efficacy of topical losartan in decreasing scarring fibrosis after rabbit Descemetorhexis, alkali burn, and photorefractive keratectomy injuries, and in case reports of humans with scarring fibrosis after surgical complications. Clinical studies are needed to explore the efficacy and safety of topical losartan in the prevention and treatment of corneal scarring fibrosis, and other eye diseases and disorders where TGF beta has a role in pathophysiology. These include scarring fibrosis associated with corneal trauma, chemical burns, infections, surgical complications, and persistent epithelial defects, as well as conjunctival fibrotic diseases, such as ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Research is also needed to explore the efficacy and safety of topical losartan for hypothesized treatment of transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI)-related corneal dystrophies (Reis-Bu¨cklers corneal dystrophy, lattice corneal dystrophy type 1, and granular corneal dystrophies type 1 and type 2) where deposited mutant protein expression is modulated by TGF beta. Investigations could also explore the efficacy and safety of topical losartan treatments to reduce conjunctival bleb scarring and shunt encapsulation following glaucoma surgical procedures. Losartan and sustained release drug delivery devices could be efficacious in treating intraocular fibrotic diseases. Dosing suggestions and precautions that should be considered in trials of losartan are detailed. Losartan, as an adjuvant to current treatments, has the potential to augment pharmacological therapeutics for many ocular diseases and disorders where TGF beta plays a central role in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Wilson
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Balera Brito VG, Patrocinio MS, Alves Barreto AE, Tfaile Frasnelli SC, Lara VS, Santos CF, Penha Oliveira SH. Telmisartan impairs the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells from spontaneously hypertensive male rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174609. [PMID: 34743978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Telmisartan (TELM) is an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (Agtr1) antagonist, with partial agonism for Pparg, and has been shown to affect bone metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TELM in the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). BMSC were obtained from male SHR, and the osteogenic medium (OM) was added to the cells concomitantly with TELM (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 μM). Undifferentiated BMSC, in control medium (CM), showed an increased viability, while the addition of OM reduced this parameter, and TELM did not show cytotoxicity in the concentrations used. BMSC in OM had an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity peak at d10, which decreased at d14 and d21, and TELM reduced ALP at d10 in a dose-dependent manner. Mineralization was observed in the OM at d14, which intensified at d21, but was inhibited by TELM. Agtr1b was increased in the OM, and TELM inhibited its expression. TELM reduced Opn, Ocn, and Bsp and increased Pparg expression, and at the higher concentration TELM also increased the expression of adipogenic markers, Fabp4 and Adipoq. In addition, TELM 0.5 μM increased Irs1 and Glut4, insulin and glucose metabolism markers, known to be regulated by Pparg and to be related to adipogenic phenotype. Our data shows that TELM inhibited the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of SHR BMSC, by favoring an adipogenic prone phenotype due to Pparg upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sousa Patrocinio
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ayná Emanuelli Alves Barreto
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Costache AD, Costache II, Miftode RȘ, Stafie CS, Leon-Constantin MM, Roca M, Drugescu A, Popa DM, Mitu O, Mitu I, Miftode LI, Iliescu D, Honceriu C, Mitu F. Beyond the Finish Line: The Impact and Dynamics of Biomarkers in Physical Exercise-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214978. [PMID: 34768497 PMCID: PMC8584497 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The research of biomarkers continues to emerge as a developing academic field which is attracting substantial interest. The study of biomarkers proves to be useful in developing and implementing new screening methods for a wide variety of diseases including in the sports area, whether for leisure activities or professional sports. Novel research has brought into question the immune system and the limitations it may impose on sports practicing. As the well-being of athletes is a priority, the state of their immune function offers valuable information regarding their health status and their ability to continue training. The assessment of various biomarkers may contribute to a more accurate risk stratification and subsequent prevention of some invalidating or even fatal pathologies such as the sudden cardiac death. Therefore, we have reviewed several studies that included sports-related pathology or specific morphofunctional alterations for which some immune biomarkers may represent an expression of the underlying mechanism. These include the defensins, immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), the tumoral necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and the white blood cells (WBC) count. Similarly, also of significant interest are various endocrine biomarkers, such as cortisol and testosterone, as well as anabolic or catabolic markers, respectively. Literature data highlight that these values are greatly influenced not only by the duration, but also by the intensity of the physical exercise; moderate training sessions actually enhance the immune function of the body, while a significant increase in both duration and intensity of sports activity acts as a deleterious factor. Therefore, in this paper we aim to highlight the importance of biomarkers’ evaluation in connection with sports activities and a subsequent more adequate approach towards personalized training regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Dan Costache
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (M.R.); (A.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.-I.C.); (D.-M.P.); (O.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Radu-Ștefan Miftode
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (M.R.); (A.D.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Celina-Silvia Stafie
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Maria-Magdalena Leon-Constantin
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (M.R.); (A.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Mihai Roca
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (M.R.); (A.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Andrei Drugescu
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (M.R.); (A.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Delia-Melania Popa
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.-I.C.); (D.-M.P.); (O.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.-I.C.); (D.-M.P.); (O.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Ivona Mitu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Larisa-Ionela Miftode
- Department of Infectious Diseases (Internal Medicine II), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dan Iliescu
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.-I.C.); (D.-M.P.); (O.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Cezar Honceriu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (M.-M.L.-C.); (M.R.); (A.D.); (F.M.)
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Lima MLDS, de Medeiros CACX, Guerra GCB, Santos R, Bader M, Pirih FQ, de Araújo Júnior RF, Chan AB, Cruz LJ, Brito GADC, Leitão RFDC, da Silveira EJD, Garcia VB, Martins AA, de Araújo AA. AT1 and AT2 Receptor Knockout Changed Osteonectin and Bone Density in Mice in Periodontal Inflammation Experimental Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5217. [PMID: 34069164 PMCID: PMC8157150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of AT1 and AT2 receptors in a periodontal inflammation experimental model. METHODS Periodontal inflammation was induced by LPS/Porphyromonas gingivalis. Maxillae, femur, and vertebra were scanned using Micro-CT. Maxillae were analyzed histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and by RT-PCR. RESULTS The vertebra showed decreased BMD in AT1 H compared with WT H (p < 0.05). The femur showed increased Tb.Sp for AT1 H and AT2 H, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively. The Tb.N was decreased in the vertebra (WT H-AT1 H: p < 0.05; WT H-AT2 H: p < 0.05) and in the femur (WT H-AT1 H: p < 0.01; WT H-AT2 H: p < 0.05). AT1 PD increased linear bone loss (p < 0.05) and decreased osteoblast cells (p < 0.05). RANKL immunostaining was intense for AT1 PD and WT PD (p < 0.001). OPG was intense in the WT H, WT PD, and AT2 PD when compared to AT1 PD (p < 0.001). AT1 PD showed weak immunostaining for osteocalcin compared with WT H, WT PD, and AT2 PD (p < 0.001). AT1 H showed significantly stronger immunostaining for osteonectin in fibroblasts compared to AT2 H (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION AT1 receptor knockout changed bone density, the quality and number of bone trabeculae, decreased the number of osteoblast cells, and increased osteonectin in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura de Souza Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry Sciences, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, RN 59078-900, Brazil; (M.L.d.S.L.); (E.J.D.d.S.)
| | - Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Science, Postgraduate Program in RENORBIO, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil;
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Science, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil;
| | - Robson Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center of Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Flavia Q. Pirih
- School of Dentistry, Universidad California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Post Graduate Program Functional and Structural Biology, Post Graduate Program Health Science, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 3000 Senador Salgado Filho Ave, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil;
| | - Alan B. Chan
- Percuros B.V, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Postgraduate Program in Morphology, Department of Morphology, Fortaleza, CE 60430-170, Brazil;
| | | | - Ericka Janine Dantas da Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry Sciences, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, RN 59078-900, Brazil; (M.L.d.S.L.); (E.J.D.d.S.)
| | - Vinicius Barreto Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cancer and Inflammation Research laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil;
| | - Agnes Andrade Martins
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil;
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry Sciences, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, RN 59078-900, Brazil; (M.L.d.S.L.); (E.J.D.d.S.)
- AV. Senador Salgado Filho, S/N, Campus Universitário, Centro de Bio-ciências, Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, UFRN, Natal, RN 59078-900, Brazil
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Jiang W, Takeshita N, Maeda T, Sogi C, Oyanagi T, Kimura S, Yoshida M, Sasaki K, Ito A, Takano-Yamamoto T. Connective tissue growth factor promotes chemotaxis of preosteoblasts through integrin α5 and Ras during tensile force-induced intramembranous osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2368. [PMID: 33504916 PMCID: PMC7841149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, new bone formation via intramembranous osteogenesis is a critical biological event for development, remodeling, and fracture healing of bones. Chemotaxis of osteoblast lineage cells is an essential cellular process in new bone formation. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is known to exert chemotactic properties on various cells; however, details of CTGF function in the chemotaxis of osteoblast lineage cells and underlying molecular biological mechanisms have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemotactic properties of CTGF and its underlying mechanisms during active bone formation through intramembranous osteogenesis. In our mouse tensile force-induced bone formation model, preosteoblasts were aggregated at the osteogenic front of calvarial bones. CTGF was expressed at the osteogenic front, and functional inhibition of CTGF using a neutralizing antibody suppressed the aggregation of preosteoblasts. In vitro experiments using μ-slide chemotaxis chambers showed that a gradient of CTGF induced chemotaxis of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, while a neutralizing integrin α5 antibody and a Ras inhibitor inhibited the CTGF-induced chemotaxis of MC3T3-E1 cells. These findings suggest that the CTGF-integrin α5-Ras axis is an essential molecular mechanism to promote chemotaxis of preosteoblasts during new bone formation through intramembranous osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuo Takeshita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Maeda
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Chisumi Sogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshihito Oyanagi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Seiji Kimura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Michiko Yoshida
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kiyo Sasaki
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Arata Ito
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan.
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Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, Cesaro A, Fimiani F, Moscarella E, Caiazza M, Gragnano F, Ranieri A, D’Alicandro G, Tinto N, Mazzaccara C, Lombardo B, Pero R, Limongelli G, Frisso G, Calabrò P, Scudiero O. Dietary Thiols: A Potential Supporting Strategy against Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure and Muscular Damage during Sports Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249424. [PMID: 33339141 PMCID: PMC7765667 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Moderate exercise combined with proper nutrition are considered protective factors against cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disorders. However, physical activity is known not only to have positive effects. In fact, the achievement of a good performance requires a very high oxygen consumption, which leads to the formation of oxygen free radicals, responsible for premature cell aging and diseases such as heart failure and muscle injury. In this scenario, a primary role is played by antioxidants, in particular by natural antioxidants that can be taken through the diet. Natural antioxidants are molecules capable of counteracting oxygen free radicals without causing cellular cytotoxicity. In recent years, therefore, research has conducted numerous studies on the identification of natural micronutrients, in order to prevent or mitigate oxidative stress induced by physical activity by helping to support conventional drug therapies against heart failure and muscle damage. The aim of this review is to have an overview of how controlled physical activity and a diet rich in antioxidants can represent a “natural cure” to prevent imbalances caused by free oxygen radicals in diseases such as heart failure and muscle damage. In particular, we will focus on sulfur-containing compounds that have the ability to protect the body from oxidative stress. We will mainly focus on six natural antioxidants: glutathione, taurine, lipoic acid, sulforaphane, garlic and methylsulfonylmethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni D’Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nadia Tinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (P.C.); (O.S.); Tel.: +39-347-240-9595 (G.F.); +39-338-434-6963 (P.C.); +39-339-613-9908 (O.S.)
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (P.C.); (O.S.); Tel.: +39-347-240-9595 (G.F.); +39-338-434-6963 (P.C.); +39-339-613-9908 (O.S.)
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (P.C.); (O.S.); Tel.: +39-347-240-9595 (G.F.); +39-338-434-6963 (P.C.); +39-339-613-9908 (O.S.)
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Urinary Biomarkers: Diagnostic Tools for Monitoring Athletes' Health Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176065. [PMID: 32825414 PMCID: PMC7503896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute or intense exercise is sometimes related to infections of the urinary tract. It can also lead to incorrect hydration as well as incorrect glomerular filtration due to the presence of high-molecular-weight proteins that cause damage to the kidneys. In this context, our study lays the foundations for the use of a urine test in a team of twelve male basketball players as a means of monitoring numerous biochemical parameters, including pH, specific weight, color, appearance, presence of bacterial cells, presence of squamous cells, leukocytes, erythrocytes, proteins, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, hemoglobin, nitrite, and leukocyte esterase, to prevent and/or treat the onset of pathologies, prescribe personalized treatments for each athlete, and monitor the athletes’ health status.
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8
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Mennitti C, Brancaccio M, Gentile L, Ranieri A, Terracciano D, Cennamo M, La Civita E, Liotti A, D’Alicandro G, Mazzaccara C, Frisso G, Pero R, Lombardo B, Scudiero O. Athlete's Passport: Prevention of Infections, Inflammations, Injuries and Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082540. [PMID: 32781561 PMCID: PMC7465786 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory medicine in sports medicine is taking on an ever-greater role in the assessment and monitoring of an athlete’s health condition. The acute or intense exercise practiced by elite athletes can lead to the appearance of infections, inflammations, muscle injuries or cardiovascular disorders, whose diagnosis is not always rapid and efficient, as there is no continuous monitoring of the athlete. The absence of such monitoring can have serious consequences in terms of recovery of the professional athlete. These imbalances can induce metabolic adaptations which translate into alterations of specific parameters in terms of concentration and activity. The aim of this study was to follow the variation of specific biochemical biomarkers in a basketball team participating to the maximum championship during different phases of the agonistic season. The evaluation of serum biomarkers can help doctors to safeguard the athlete’s health and sports trainers to adapt workouts, thus avoiding the appearance of diseases and injuries that in some cases can be underestimated by becoming irreversible ailments that do not allow the athlete to return to a healthy state. This information can be useful to create athlete biologic passports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luca Gentile
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Annaluisa Ranieri
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Michele Cennamo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Evelina La Civita
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Giovanni D’Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (B.L.); (O.S.); Tel.: +39-339-459-6163 (R.P.); +39-339-360-7569 (B.L.); +39-339-613-9908 (O.S.)
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (B.L.); (O.S.); Tel.: +39-339-459-6163 (R.P.); +39-339-360-7569 (B.L.); +39-339-613-9908 (O.S.)
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (B.L.); (O.S.); Tel.: +39-339-459-6163 (R.P.); +39-339-360-7569 (B.L.); +39-339-613-9908 (O.S.)
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9
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Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, Laneri S, Franco A, De Biasi MG, Cesaro A, Fimiani F, Moscarella E, Gragnano F, Mazzaccara C, Limongelli G, Frisso G, Lombardo B, Pagliuca C, Colicchio R, Salvatore P, Calabrò P, Pero R, Scudiero O. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Risk for General Infection and Endocarditis Among Athletes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E332. [PMID: 32570705 PMCID: PMC7345113 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first studies on Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infections in athletes were conducted in the 1980s, and examined athletes that perform in close physical contact, with particular attention to damaged or infected skin. Recent studies have used molecular epidemiology to shed light on the transmission of SA in professional athletes. These studies have shown that contact between athletes is prolonged and constant, and that these factors influence the appearance of infections caused by SA. These results support the need to use sanitary measures designed to prevent the appearance of SA infections. The factors triggering the establishment of SA within professional sports groups are the nasal colonization of SA, contact between athletes and sweating. Hence, there is a need to use the most modern molecular typing methods to evaluate the appearance of cutaneous SA disease. This review aims to summarize both the current SA infections known in athletes and the diagnostic methods employed for recognition, pointing to possible preventive strategies and the factors that can act as a springboard for the appearance of SA and subsequent transmission between athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.F.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Adelaide Franco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.F.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Margherita G. De Biasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.F.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Center of Excellence for Research on Cardiovascular Diseases Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy
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10
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Pero R, Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, Gentile L, Franco A, Laneri S, De Biasi MG, Pagliuca C, Colicchio R, Salvatore P, D’Alicandro G, Terracciano D, Cennamo M, La Civita E, Liotti A, Mazzaccara C, Frisso G, Lombardo B, Scudiero O. HNP-1 and HBD-1 as Biomarkers for the Immune Systems of Elite Basketball Athletes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060306. [PMID: 32517339 PMCID: PMC7345027 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute or strenuous exercise is sometimes related to upper respiratory tract infections in athletes. Practicing intense and regular exercise can lead to incorrect activation of the immune system, causing athletes to be excluded from training programs and competitions. Defensins are small antimicrobial peptides that are part of the innate immune system and dynamically involved in several biological activities. In this study, we highlight the role of human defensins in competitive basketball athletes. In particular, we consider the behavior of alpha- and beta-defensins together with white blood cells in a cohort of players. Moreover, we focus our attention on cortisol, a physiological indicator of stress, and testosterone, both of which are human hormones involved in muscle metabolism. The free-testosterone/cortisol ratio is considered to be an indicator of overtraining among athletes. This paper provides an up-to-date information of the role of human defensins as self-defense molecules during a continuous stressor such as long-term exercise, and it recognizes them as potential markers of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (O.S.); Tel.: +39-339-459-6163 (R.P.); +39-339-613-9908 (O.S.)
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Luca Gentile
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Adelaide Franco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (S.L.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (S.L.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Margherita G. De Biasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (S.L.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni D’Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Michele Cennamo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Evelina La Civita
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (M.C.); (E.L.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (O.S.); Tel.: +39-339-459-6163 (R.P.); +39-339-613-9908 (O.S.)
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11
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Human Defensins: A Novel Approach in the Fight against Skin Colonizing Staphylococcus a ureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040198. [PMID: 32326312 PMCID: PMC7235756 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism capable of causing numerous diseases of the human skin. The incidence of S. aureus skin infections reflects the conflict between the host skin′s immune defenses and the S. aureus’ virulence elements. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small protein molecules involved in numerous biological activities, playing a very important role in the innate immunity. They constitute the defense of the host′s skin, which prevents harmful microorganisms from entering the epithelial barrier, including S. aureus. However, S. aureus uses ambiguous mechanisms against host defenses by promoting colonization and skin infections. Our review aims to provide a reference collection on host-pathogen interactions in skin disorders, including S. aureus infections and its resistance to methicillin (MRSA). In addition to these, we discuss the involvement of defensins and other innate immunity mediators (i.e., toll receptors, interleukin-1, and interleukin-17), involved in the defense of the host against the skin disorders caused by S. aureus, and then focus on the evasion mechanisms developed by the pathogenic microorganism under analysis. This review provides the “state of the art” on molecular mechanisms underlying S. aureus skin infection and the pharmacological potential of AMPs as a new therapeutic strategy, in order to define alternative directions in the fight against cutaneous disease.
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12
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Di Micco P, Scudiero O, Lombardo B, Lodigiani C. Idiopathic Hypereosinophilia and Venous Thromboembolism: Is There a Pathophysiological or Clinical Link? Description of an Intriguing Clinical Case. J Blood Med 2020; 11:73-76. [PMID: 32184691 PMCID: PMC7055521 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s229074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis events usually occur after prolonged bedrest, pregnancy, hormonal therapy, recent surgery and in the presence of inherited or acquired thrombophilia. However, several other diseases are often associated with thrombosis although their frequency is not easily estimated. Eosinophilia is one of these conditions. From a clinical viewpoint it is very difficult to understand which conditions might lead to a thrombotic event because the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are different. Here, we report a case of idiopathic hypereosinophilia associated to venous thromboembolism without any other associated prothrombotic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Di Micco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Emergency Room, Fatebenefratelli Hospital of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italia.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italia
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italia.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italia
| | - Corrado Lodigiani
- Thrombosis and Hemorrhagic Center, Humanitas Research Hospital and Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
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13
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Prenatal expression of d-aspartate oxidase causes early cerebral d-aspartate depletion and influences brain morphology and cognitive functions at adulthood. Amino Acids 2020; 52:597-617. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Scudiero O, Pero R, Ranieri A, Terracciano D, Fimiani F, Cesaro A, Gentile L, Leggiero E, Laneri S, Moscarella E, Mazzaccara C, Frisso G, D'Alicandro G, Limongelli G, Pastore L, Calabrò P, Lombardo B. Childhood obesity: an overview of laboratory medicine, exercise and microbiome. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 58:1385-1406. [PMID: 31821163 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, a significant increase of childhood obesity incidence unequally distributed within countries and population groups has been observed, thus representing an important public health problem associated with several health and social consequences. Obese children have more than a 50% probability of becoming obese adults, and to develop pathologies typical of obese adults, that include type 2-diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Also environmental factors, such as reduced physical activity and increased sedentary activities, may also result in increased caloric intake and/or decreased caloric expenditure. In the present review, we aimed to identify and describe a specific panel of parameters in order to evaluate and characterize the childhood obesity status useful in setting up a preventive diagnostic approach directed at improving health-related behaviors and identifying predisposing risk factors. An early identification of risk factors for childhood obesity could definitely help in setting up adequate and specific clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Scudiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Ranieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiotoraciche e Respiratorie, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiotoraciche e Respiratorie, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Sonia Laneri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Unità di Cardiologia, Ospedale "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano", Caserta, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Alicandro
- Centro di Medicina dello Sport e delle Disabilità, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Unità di Cardiologia, Ospedale "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano", Caserta, Italy
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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Activation of TGF-β Canonical and Noncanonical Signaling in Bovine Lactoferrin-Induced Osteogenic Activity of C3H10T1/2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122880. [PMID: 31200471 PMCID: PMC6627184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is known to modulate the bone anabolic effect. Previously, we and others reported that the effects of LF on the bone may be conferred by the stimulation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling in the preosteoblast. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of LF-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has not been identified. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the effects of LF on osteogenesis of MSCs required mediation by TGF-β Receptors and activating TGF-β signaling pathway. Using siRNA silencing technology, the knockdown of TGF-β Receptor II (TβRII) could significantly attenuate LF’s effect on the proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MSCs. It indicated that LF induced osteogenic activity that is dependent on TβRII in C3H10T1/2. Subsequently, it was shown that LF activated Smad2. Downregulating TGF-β Receptor I (TβRI) with SB431542 attenuated the expression of p-Smad2 and p-P38, also the LF-induced the osteogenic activity. Besides, the stimulation by LF on the expression of Osteocalcin (OCN), Osteopontin (OPN), Collagen-2a1 (Col2a1), and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) were abolished by SB431542. These results confirmed that LF induced osteogenic activity though the TGF-β canonical and noncanonical signaling pathway. This study provided the first evidence of the signaling mechanisms of LF’s effect on osteogenesis in MSCs.
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Querques F, D'Agostino A, Cozzolino C, Cozzuto L, Lombardo B, Leggiero E, Ruosi C, Pastore L. Identification of a Novel Transcription Factor Required for Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:370-383. [PMID: 30654721 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation is a complex and still poorly understood biological process regulated by intrinsic cellular signals and extrinsic microenvironmental cues. Following appropriate stimuli, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into osteoblasts through a tightly regulated multistep process driven by several transcription factors and characterized by the expression of a number of bone-specific proteins. In this study, we describe a novel transcription factor that we named osteoblast inducer (ObI)-1, involved in MSC differentiation toward the osteogenic lineage. ObI-1 encodes for a nuclear protein subjected to proteasomal degradation and expressed during osteoblast differentiation both in a murine multipotent mesenchymal cell line (W20-17) and in primary murine MSCs. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of ObI-1 expression significantly impairs osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization with reduced expression of the osteogenic markers, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin. Conversely, ObI-1 overexpression enhances osteogenic differentiation and bone-specific markers expression. ObI-1 stimulates bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 expression and the consequent activation of the Smad pathway; treatment with a BMP receptor type I antagonist completely abolishes ObI-1-mediated stimulation of osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, our findings suggest that ObI-1 modulates osteogenic differentiation, at least in part, through the BMP signaling pathway, increasing Runx2 activation and leading to osteoblast commitment and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Querques
- 1 CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,2 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Anna D'Agostino
- 1 CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,3 SEMM-European School for Molecular Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Cozzolino
- 1 CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,2 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- 4 CRG-Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- 1 CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,2 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Ruosi
- 5 Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- 1 CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,2 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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17
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Li Y, Wang J, Ren F, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao L, Zhang M, Cui W, Wang X, Guo H. Lactoferrin Promotes Osteogenesis through TGF-β Receptor II Binding in Osteoblasts and Activation of Canonical TGF-β Signaling in MC3T3-E1 Cells and C57BL/6J Mice. J Nutr 2018; 148:1285-1292. [PMID: 29931165 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lactoferrin (LF), as a major functional protein in dairy products, is known to modulate bone anabolic effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear; the receptor of LF in osteoblast differentiation has not been identified. Objective The aims of the study were to 1) illuminate whether the receptor of LF in osteoblast differentiation is transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor (TβR) II and 2) determine whether the TGF-β signaling pathway is activated by LF in promoting osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo, in addition to P38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. Methods We utilized co-immunoprecipitation to detect any binding of LF to TβRII. Subsequently, the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway involved in LF-induced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation was determined by inhibition of TβRI activity by inhibition and knockout of TβRII expression by small guide RNA (sgRNAs) in MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, 4-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were orally administered 100 mg LF/kg body weight for 16 wk, after which any activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway in vivo was measured by Western blots. Results LF was shown to directly interact with the TβRII protein and to activate the TGF-β signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells. Inhibition of TβRI activity and knockout TβRII expression both attenuated the stimulation of LF in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by 30-50%. LF-induced activation of TGF-β canonical signaling resulted in upregulation of osteogenic factors. Moreover, the expression of phosphorylated-drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 2 (SMAD2) was increased by 1-fold after LF treatment in the femoral tissue of mice. Conclusions This study provides evidence identifying TβRII as an LF receptor in LF-induced osteoblast differentiation. In addition, the TβRII-dependent TGF-β canonical signaling pathways were proven to play an important role in mediating LF-induced osteogenesis both in MC3T3-E1 cells and in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Kim S, Zingler M, Harrison JK, Scott EW, Cogle CR, Luo D, Raizada MK. Angiotensin II Regulation of Proliferation, Differentiation, and Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Hypertension 2016; 67:574-84. [PMID: 26781279 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that differentiation and mobilization of hematopoietic cell are critical in the development and establishment of hypertension and hypertension-linked vascular pathophysiology. This, coupled with the intimate involvement of the hyperactive renin-angiotensin system in hypertension, led us to investigate the hypothesis that chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion affects hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regulation at the level of the bone marrow. Ang II infusion resulted in increases in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (83%) and long-term HSC (207%) in the bone marrow. Interestingly, increases of HSCs and long-term HSCs were more pronounced in the spleen (228% and 1117%, respectively). Furthermore, we observed higher expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 2 in these HSCs, indicating there was increased myeloid differentiation in Ang II-infused mice. This was associated with accumulation of C-C chemokine receptor type 2(+) proinflammatory monocytes in the spleen. In contrast, decreased engraftment efficiency of GFP(+) HSC was observed after Ang II infusion. Time-lapse in vivo imaging and in vitro Ang II pretreatment demonstrated that Ang II induces untimely proliferation and differentiation of the donor HSC resulting in diminished HSC engraftment and bone marrow reconstitution. We conclude that (1) chronic Ang II infusion regulates HSC proliferation, mediated by angiotensin receptor type 1a, (2) Ang II accelerates HSC to myeloid differentiation resulting in accumulation of C-C chemokine receptor type 2(+) HSCs and inflammatory monocytes in the spleen, and (3) Ang II impairs homing and reconstitution potentials of the donor HSCs. These observations highlight the important regulatory roles of Ang II on HSC proliferation, differentiation, and engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbum Kim
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Michael Zingler
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Jeffrey K Harrison
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Edward W Scott
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Christopher R Cogle
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Defang Luo
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- From the Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics (S.K., M.Z., M.K.R.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.K.H., D.L.), Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (E.W.S.), and Medicine (C.R.C.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville.
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19
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Santos CF, Morandini AC, Dionísio TJ, Faria FA, Lima MC, Figueiredo CM, Colombini-Ishikiriama BL, Sipert CR, Maciel RP, Akashi AP, Souza GP, Garlet GP, Rodini CO, Amaral SL, Becari C, Salgado MC, Oliveira EB, Matus I, Didier DN, Greene AS. Functional Local Renin-Angiotensin System in Human and Rat Periodontal Tissue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134601. [PMID: 26244896 PMCID: PMC4526652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation or progression of periodontitis might involve a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in periodontal tissue. The aim of this study was to further characterize the local RAS in human and rat periodontal tissues between healthy and periodontally-affected tissue. Components of the RAS were investigated using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments involving both human and Wistar rat periodontium. Although not upregulated when challenged with P. gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide, human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts expressed RAS components. Likewise, healthy and inflamed human gingiva expressed RAS components, some of which were shown to be functional, yet no differences in expression were found between healthy and diseased gingiva. However, in inflamed tissue the immunoreactivity was greater for the AT1R compared to AT2R in fibroblasts. When compared to healthy tissue, ACE activity was increased in human gingiva from volunteers with gingivitis. Human-gingiva homogenates generated Ang II, Ang 1-9 and Ang 1-7 when incubated with precursors. In gingiva homogenates, Ang II formation from Ang I was nearly abolished only when captopril and chymostatin were combined. Ang 1-7 formation was significantly greater when human gingiva homogenates were incubated with chymostatin alone compared to incubation without any inhibitor, only captopril, or captopril and chymostatin. In rat gingiva, RAS components were also found; their expression was not different between healthy and experimentally induced periodontitis (EP) groups. However, renin inhibition (aliskiren) and an AT1R antagonist (losartan) significantly blocked EP-alveolar-bone loss in rats. Collectively, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that a local RAS system is not only present but is also functional in both human and rat periodontal tissue. Furthermore, blocking AT1R and renin can significantly prevent periodontal bone loss induced by EP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F. Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana C. Morandini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago J. Dionísio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio A. Faria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta C. Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio M. Figueiredo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carla R. Sipert
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens P. Maciel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Akashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P. Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P. Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila O. Rodini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra L. Amaral
- Department of Physical Education, Science Faculty, São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane Becari
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Riberão Preto, University of São Paulo, Riberão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. Salgado
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Riberão Preto, University of São Paulo, Riberão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B. Oliveira
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Riberão Preto, University of São Paulo, Riberão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaac Matus
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniela N. Didier
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Greene
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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20
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Matsushita K, Wu Y, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ. Blockade of angiotensin II type 2 receptor by PD123319 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells via inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:517-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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